| detection strategies of tick-borne encephalitis virus in swedish ixodes ricinus reveal evolutionary characteristics of emerging tick-borne flaviviruses. | the flaviviral tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) is a human pathogen having significant impact on public health. the geographical distribution of tbev and tbev-like viruses is increasing, which makes it important to characterise the natural virus populations. here we present four rt-pcr strategies designed for detection of broad types of tick-borne flaviviruses. sequence information on more than 32% of a tbev genome was generated from a small pool of ticks collected in the stockholm archipela ... | 2007 | 17277902 |
| infestation of mammals by ixodes ricinus ticks (acari: ixodidae) in south-central sweden. | infestation by ixodes ricinus ticks on rodents, hares and cervids was examined at bogesund, 10 km north of stockholm, in south-central sweden during 1991-1994 and on varying hares (lepus timidus) at stora karlsö and gotska sandön in the baltic sea during 1992-1993. at bogesund, there were great differences between two consecutive years in the number of i. ricinus larvae infesting bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus). the seasonal pattern of infestation by i. ricinus larvae and nymphs on bank vol ... | 1997 | 9423270 |
| diel activity of ixodes ricinus acari:ixodidae at two locations near stockholm, sweden. | the diel 'activity', i.e. availability, of ixodes ricinus larvae, nymphs and adults was investigated in a meadow and a forest habitat near stockholm during 1991-1993. generally, the immature ticks were more prevalent in the forest than in the meadow. in the meadow, the mean larval and adult numbers varied significantly between 4 h time intervals with the peak activity from 2300 to 0300 h. in the forest, the tick numbers did not differ significantly between the time intervals. the association of ... | 1997 | 9178511 |
| vector-borne viral diseases in sweden--a short review. | ockelbo disease, caused by a sindbis-related virus transmitted to man by mosquitoes, was first described in the central part of sweden in the 1960s as clusters of patients with fever, arthralgia and rash. an average annual rate of 30 cases was recorded in the 1980s but no cases have been diagnosed during the last few years. nephropathia epidemica (ne) characterized by fever, abdominal pain and renal dysfunction has been known to cause considerable morbidity in sweden during the last 60 years but ... | 1996 | 8800805 |
| seasonal variation in the capacity of the bank vole to infect larval ticks (acari: ixodidae) with the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. | seasonal variation in the capacity of bank voles, clethrionomys glareolus (schreber), to infect larval ixodes ricinus (l.) ticks with borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner was examined from may through october 1991 at bogesund, near stockholm in south-central sweden. although larval infestations of bank voles were greatest in june and july, nearly 70% of all larval ticks infected with spirochetes by bank voles at this site became infected during august and september. ... | 1993 | 8360909 |
| first isolations of borrelia burgdorferi from rodents collected in northern europe. | spirochetes were found in 13% of ixodes ricinus collected from an island, near stockholm where human borreliosis is endemic. borrelia burgdorferi was cultivated from the kidney and/or spleen of wild rodents (clethrionomys glareolus and apodemus flavicollis) from the same island. spirochetes were identified as borrelia burgdorferi by indirect immunofluorescence assays using species and genus specific monoclonal antibodies. in these tests the spirochetes could not be differentiated from strains pr ... | 1988 | 3190915 |
| epidemiological studies of lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis. | the hard tick ixodes ricinus, vector of borrelia burgdorferi and tbe virus (tbev), is most abundant in the southern and central parts of sweden. about 2000 cases of lyme borreliosis (lb) and 50-80 cases of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) are estimated to occur in sweden annually. five populations, including 903 individuals living in five different areas close to stockholm where lb and tbe are endemic, were studied with regard to the clinical manifestations and antibody prevalence of lb and tbe. th ... | 1994 | 8047853 |
| transmission of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. from mammal reservoirs to the primary vector of lyme borreliosis, ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae), in sweden. | factors regulating prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner in ixodes ricinus (l.) were examined during 1991-1992 at bogesund, near stockholm in south-central sweden. nine species of small and medium-sized mammals (sorex araneus l., s. minutus l., neomys fodiens pennant, clethrionomys glareolus [schreber], microtus agrestis [l.], apodemus sylvaticus [l.], a. flavicollis [melchior], lepus europaeus pallas, l. timidus l.) were found to infect feeding tic ... | 1994 | 7815401 |
| tick-borne borrelia infection in sweden. | spirochetes were cultivated from 17% of 114 ixodes ricinus ticks in the stockholm area. three strains of these spirochetes were selected for studies by electron microscopy. these three strains had definite morphological similarities to spirochetes of the genus borrelia, as judged by the number of flagella, absence of cytoplasmic tubules, and dimensions. the three strains were not identical, but seemed to consist of two different kinds of cells, one with eight and one with eleven flagella. the th ... | 1985 | 3903977 |