| the occurrence of ixodid ticks on wild mink mustela vision in england and wales. | four species of ticks found to infest 1391 american mink (mustela vison) in britain in five years were, in declining order of frequency, ixodes hexagonus, ixodes canisuga, ixodes ricinus and ixodes acuminatus. ixodes hexagonus and i. canisuga occurred on 40% and 2.5% of mink respectively. infestation rates (the proportion of infested mink) of adult females, nymphs and larvae were similar and tended to be lower in summer. the distribution of infestation size (the number of ticks per host) for adu ... | 1996 | 8994138 |
| distribution of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. spirochaete dna in british ticks (argasidae and ixodidae) since the 19th century, assessed by pcr. | the distribution of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the lyme borreliosis agent, was surveyed in british ticks in the collection of the natural history museum, london. alcohol-preserved specimens of eight species of ticks known to attack humans were studied: ixodes ricinus, i. hexagonus, i. uriae, i. trianguliceps, dermacentor reticulatus, haemaphysalis punctata, rhipicephalus sanguineus and argas vespertilionis. the sample comprised all life stages and originated from a wide range of host speci ... | 1998 | 9513944 |
| differential transmission of the genospecies of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by game birds and small rodents in england. | the genetic diversity of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was assessed in a focus of lyme borreliosis in southern britain dominated by game birds. ticks, rodents, and pheasants were analyzed for spirochete infections by pcr-targeting the 23s-5s rrna genes, followed by genotyping by the reverse line blot method. in questing ixodes ricinus ticks, three genospecies of b. burgdorferi sensu lato were detected, with the highest prevalences found for borrelia garinii and borrelia valaisiana. b. burgdorf ... | 1998 | 9546150 |
| sympatric ixodes trianguliceps and ixodes ricinus ticks feeding on field voles (microtus agrestis): potential for increased risk of anaplasma phagocytophilum in the united kingdom? | the importance of wild rodents as reservoirs of zoonotic tick-borne pathogens is considered low in the united kingdom because, in studies to date, those parasitized by exophilic ixodes ricinus ticks carry almost exclusively larvae and thus have a minor role in transmission cycles. in a cross-sectional study, 11 (6.7%) of 163 field voles (microtus agrestis) captured at field sites in northern england were pcr-positive for anaplasma phagocytophilum. the voles were found to act as hosts for both la ... | 2006 | 17187576 |
| tick surveillance in great britain. | the ability for public/veterinary health agencies to assess the risks posed by tick-borne pathogens is reliant on an understanding of the main tick vector species. crucially, the status, distribution, and changing trends in tick distribution and abundance are implicit requirements of any risk assessment; however, this is contingent on the quality of tick distribution data. since 2005 the health protection agency has promoted an enhanced tick surveillance program. through engagement with a variet ... | 2011 | 20849277 |
| first detection of spotted fever group rickettsiae in ixodes ricinus and dermacentor reticulatus ticks in the uk. | a preliminary study was conducted to determine the presence of spotted fever rickettsiae in two species of british tick (ixodes ricinus and dermacentor reticulatus). the 16s rrna gene of rickettsia spp. was detected in 39/401 (9·7%) of ticks tested, including 22/338 (6·5%) i. ricinus and 17/63 (27%) d. reticulatus. some positive i. ricinus samples showed 100% homology with rickettsia helvetica (10/22), and most positive d. reticulatus showed 100% homology with r. raoultii (13/17). five other ric ... | 2010 | 21087541 |
| prevalence, distribution and risk associated with tick infestation of dogs in great britain. | current concerns over the potential impacts of climate change and the increased movement between countries of people and companion animals on the distribution of ectoparasites, highlight the need for accurate understanding of existing prevalence patterns. without these future changes will not be detected. here, the distribution and prevalence of tick infestations of domestic dogs in great britain were examined. a total of 173 veterinary practices were recruited to monitor tick attachment to dogs ... | 2011 | 21418263 |
| the common shrew (sorex araneus): a neglected host of tick-borne infections? | although the importance of rodents as reservoirs for a number of tick-borne infections is well established, comparatively little is known about the potential role of shrews, despite them occupying similar habitats. to address this, blood and tick samples were collected from common shrews (sorex araneus) and field voles (microtus agrestis), a known reservoir of various tick-borne infections, from sites located within a plantation forest in northern england over a 2-year period. of 647 blood sampl ... | 2011 | 21453011 |
| tick (ixodes ricinus) abundance and seasonality at recreational sites in the uk: hazards in relation to fine-scale habitat types revealed by complementary sampling methods. | the seasonal risk to humans of picking up ixodes ricinus ticks in different habitats at 3 recreational sites in the uk was assessed. a comprehensive range of vegetation types was sampled at 3-weekly intervals for 2 years, using standard blanket-dragging complemented by woollen leggings and square 'heel flags'. ticks were found in all vegetation types sampled, including short grass close to car parks, but highest densities were consistently found in plots with trees present. blankets picked up th ... | 2011 | 21771540 |
| densities of ixodes ricinus ticks (acari: ixodidae) on moorland vegetation communities in the uk. | unfed (questing) ixodes ricinus ticks were collected by blanket dragging on a monthly basis from heather-dominated, vaccinium-dominated and bracken-dominated vegetation communities from two different biogeographical regions of the uk (the quantock hills in somerset, south west england and the north york moors, north east england) throughout the spring and summer months of 1991 and 1992. eighteen sites were monitored across the two regions and a total of 1920 blanket drags were carried out. vacci ... | 1995 | 8575270 |
| thirteen british cases of erythema chronicum migrans, a spirochaetal disease. | thirteen british cases of erythema chronicum migrans are reported. an antibody to the lyme disease spirochaete was found in three of five recent cases, but lyme disease was not seen. the distribution and life cycle of the tick ixodes ricinus is described and related to the occurrence of erythema chronicum migrans in great britain. | 1984 | 6477830 |