| estimating the prevalence of syringe-borne and sexually transmitted diseases among injection drug users in st petersburg, russia. | injection drug users (idus) are the vanguard of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic in russia. we sought a non-invasive method to estimate a point prevalence of hiv, hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), syphilis and risk behaviours in idus attending the syringe exchange programme (sep) in st petersburg, russia. one hundred and one idus returning syringes to the st petersburg sep were invited to complete a questionnaire requesting demographic, knowledge, and behavioural i ... | 2003 | 14596774 |
| wide variation in the multiplicity of hiv-1 infection among injection drug users. | recent studies indicate that sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) generally results from productive infection by only one virus, a finding attributable to the mucosal barrier. surprisingly, a recent study of injection drug users (idus) from st. petersburg, russia, also found most subjects to be acutely infected by a single virus. here, we show by single-genome amplification and sequencing in a different idu cohort that 60% of idu subjects were infected by more than ... | 2010 | 20375173 |
| short communication: molecular epidemiology of hiv type 1 in the republic of dagestan, russian federation: virtually uniform circulation of subtype a, former soviet union variant, with predominance of the v77i(pr) subvariant. | we examine the distribution of viral genetic forms and the presence of antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in hiv-1 infections in the republic of dagestan, in the north caucasus area of russia, where a recent large increase in hiv-1 infections has been documented. samples were collected from 41 hiv-1-infected individuals from dagestan, most of them from the cities of derbent (n = 21) and mahachkala (n = 18). thirty six were injecting drug users and five were infected by heterosexual contact ... | 2010 | 20377421 |