| prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of cryptosporidium in pigs in eastern china. | faecal samples from 1488 pigs were collected from six pig farms in jiangsu province and shanghai city, eastern china, stained by the modified acid-fast staining technique (mafs) and observed by light and phase contrast microscopy to identify cryptosporidium oocysts. a total of 178 (12%) positive animals were detected. three randomly selected mafs-positive samples from each farm were further analysed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using primers designed to amplify dna ... | 2007 | 18035979 |
| genotype 3 hepatitis e has been widespread in pig farms of shanghai suburbs. | hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 was first identified in swine raised on a shanghai suburban pig farm in late 2006. to accurately determine the prevalence of hev infections among shanghai pig farms, 426 pig fecal samples were collected from 37 pig farms located in all 10 shanghai suburban districts and tested for the presence of hev rna using rt-pcr. genetic analysis based on an amplified 150-bp orf2 fragment revealed 111 samples to be hev positive, and the prevalence of hev infection within t ... | 2008 | 17706381 |
| [structure of livestock and variation of fecal nitrogen pollution load in china]. | based on the livestock statistical data of 31 provinces of 1997 - 2004, this paper analyzed the structure of livestock and the variation of fecal nitrogen pollution load in china. the results showed that the relationship between structure of livestock and the economic situation of different provinces was obviously significant. the nitrogen pollution load of livestock was increasing gradually from the northwest to the southeast, and could be divided into relative higher and lower parts, in line w ... | 2007 | 17674742 |
| identification of genotype 3 hepatitis e virus in fecal samples from a pig farm located in a shanghai suburb. | strains of hepatitis e virus (hev) genotypes 1 and 4 have been detected on the chinese mainland although there have been no previous reports of zoonotic genotype 3 hev. in the present study, 65 swine fecal specimens were collected from five pig farms located in different shanghai suburbs. rt-pcr and nested pcr were undertaken using partial nucleotide sequences of open reading frame 2 (orf2) of hev to detect hev rna. genetic analysis was based on alignments of an amplified 150-nt orf2 sequence. r ... | 2007 | 17184935 |
| cloning of full genome sequence of hepatitis e virus of shanghai swine isolate using race method. | genotype 4 hepatitis e virus (hev) was reportedly transmitted freely between humans and swine in eastern china. the full-length genomic sequence of shanghai swine isolate (sh-sw-zs1) recovered from feces sample of a pig which was infected with hev rna positive swine serum was determined using rt-pcr and race (rapid amplification of cdna ends) methods. the full genome of the sh-sw-zs1 isolate was 7265 nucleotides in length and phylogenetic analysis indicated that this isolate belonged to genotype ... | 2007 | 17925017 |
| a study on primarily drug-resistant strains of tubercle bacilli in shanghai. the incidence and virulence of the resistant bacilli. | | 1964 | 14169964 |
| the protective and allergenic potency of four bcg substrains in use in china determined in two animal models. | the objective of this study was to compare four bcg substrains from regional centres in china with bcg-copenhagen 1331 (danish strain) for protective and allergenic potencies. the comparisons were made in two different guinea pig models: one, a rational animal model involving aerosol challenge with 5-10 cfu mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain h37rv), and the other an animal model involving subcutaneous challenge with 250 cfu of h37rv. for either model, the degree of protection was judged by quant ... | 1988 | 3257006 |
| observations on cancer etiology in china. | major variations in cancer by site and sex are being discovered in the people's republic of china. nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the most common form in kwangtung province, accounted for 43.0% of biopsied cancers in males. liver cancer is predominant along the coast near shanghai and appears to be a major cause of mortality in many other parts of the country. the mortality rate of esophageal cancer, the primary cause of all mortality along the eastern slopes of the taihang mountains in north china, ... | 1979 | 537632 |
| [epidemiological characteristics of japanese encephalitis in shanghai]. | to understand the epidemiological characteristics of japanese encephalitis in shanghai and to provide evidence for preventing je. | 2009 | 20518325 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidium spp. in pigs in shanghai, china. | a survey on prevalence of cryptosporidium spp. in pigs at 12 farms in 8 suburban districts and 1 county of shanghai was conducted under sheather's sucrose flotation protocol and modified acid-fast stain methods from 2006 to 2009. a total of 2323 faecal samples were collected and cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were detected in 800 samples (34.4%). cryptosporidium was found in all 12 pig farms. significant variations of prevalence were observed in different farms ranging from 14.1% to 90.6%. a follo ... | 2011 | 21616599 |
| occurrence, source, and human infection potential of cryptosporidium and giardia spp. in source and tap water in shanghai, china. | genotyping studies on the source and human infection potential of cryptosporidium oocysts in water have been almost exclusively conducted in industrialized nations. in this study, 50 source water samples and 30 tap water samples were collected in shanghai, china, and analyzed by the u.s. environmental protection agency (epa) method 1623. to find a cost-effective method to replace the filtration procedure, the water samples were also concentrated by calcium carbonate flocculation (ccf). of the 50 ... | 2011 | 21498768 |
| tobacco smoking and urinary levels of 2-amino-9h-pyrido[2,3-b]indole in men of shanghai, china. | carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines (haa) are formed in cooked meats, poultry, and fish and arise in tobacco smoke. we measured the concentrations of four prevalent haas in spot urine samples collected at baseline from 170 participants of the shanghai cohort study, a population-based cohort study of adult men recruited during 1986 to 1989 in shanghai, china. sixteen (18.6%) of 86 nonsmokers were positive for urinary 2-amino-9h-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (aalphac) versus 41 (48.8%) of 84 cigarette ... | 2007 | 17684128 |
| phylogenetic and molecular characterization of h9n2 influenza isolates from chickens in northern china from 2007-2009. | the repeated transmission to pigs and humans, and the long-term endemicity in terrestrial poultry of h9n2 viruses in china lend urgency to the study of their ecology and pathogenicity. in the present paper, we reported an h9n2 virus sublineage isolated from chickens in northern china from 2007 to 2009 has high lethality for mice. phylogenetic analysis of the full genome indicated that six representative h9n2 isolates shared high homology to each other, and they clustered in the same sublineage w ... | 2010 | 20927364 |
| [risk assessment of fluoride exposure to pork and offal products of pigs in shanghai city]. | to estimate the exposure of fluoride to pork and offal products of pigs and assess their health risks in shanghai residents. | 2010 | 20726239 |
| [quasispecies investigation on swine hepatitis e viruses]. | the objective of current study was to investigate the quasispecies of hepatitis e virus in swine. the partial orf2 region of hev envelope gene from four swine hev strains was amplified by rt-nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-npcr). after cloning and transformation of pcr products, 20 positive clones of each hev isolate were subject to sequencing and dna analysis. the homology among the different clones of each isolates was 96.8%-99.7%, 98.8%-99.7%, 98.8%-99.7% and 100%, respectively, while th ... | 2010 | 20329557 |
| [study on the epidemiological characteristics and molecular typing of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar senftenberg in shanghai]. | to study the molecular epidemiological characteristics of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar senftenberg (salmonella senftenberg) in shanghai, from 2006 to 2007. | 2009 | 20193231 |
| [appraisal on method of temperature to the first appearance of culex tritaeniorhynchus in spring]. | to find out an appraisal method of temperature on the first appearance date of culex tritaeniorhynchus in spring. | 2003 | 14687508 |
| isolation and genetic characterization of avian-like h1n1 and novel ressortant h1n2 influenza viruses from pigs in china. | as pigs are susceptible to both human and avian influenza viruses, they have been proposed to be intermediate hosts or mixing vessels for the generation of pandemic influenza viruses through reassortment or adaptation to the mammalian host. in this study, we reported avian-like h1n1 and novel ressortant h1n2 influenza viruses from pigs in china. homology and phylogenetic analyses showed that the h1n1 virus (a/swine/zhejiang/1/07) was closely to avian-like h1n1 viruses and seemed to be derived fr ... | 2009 | 19460353 |
| full genomic sequence analysis of swine genotype 3 hepatitis e virus isolated from shanghai. | the full genomic nucleotide sequence of a previously identified genotype 3 hepatitis e virus (hev), strain saas-jdy5, was obtained using rt-pcr and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the genome consisted of 7225 nucleotides, excluding a poly-a tail at the 3' terminus, and contained three open reading frames (orfs), orf-1, orf-2 and orf-3, encoding 1702, 660 and 113 amino acids, respectively. phylogenetic analysis confirmed that saas-jdy5 belonged to genotype 3 hev and was most closely rela ... | 2009 | 19393700 |
| isolation and characterization of a genotype 4 hepatitis e virus strain from an infant in china. | in the present study, a genotype 4 hev strain was identified in the fecal specimen from a seven months old infant with no symptom of hepatitis in shanghai children's hospital. the full capsid protein gene (orf2) sequence of this strain was determined by rt-pcr method. sequence analysis based on the full orf2 sequence indicated that this hev strain shared the highest sequence identity (97.6%) with another human hev strain isolated from a japanese patient who was infected by genotype 4 hev during ... | 2009 | 19220877 |
| reduced prevalence of genotype 3 hev in shanghai pig farms and hypothetical homeostasis of porcine hev reservoir. | a total of 493 fecal samples collected from local shanghai pig farms were examined for hepatitis e virus (hev) after the introduction of stricter sanitary measures following outbreaks of a high fever-associated pig disease during 2006 and 2007. our investigation revealed that, while the overall occurrence of hev rna positives decreased by only 3.7%, the incidence of hev genotype 4 increased from 9.8% to 20.6% whereas the incidence of hev genotype 3 decreased from 16.2% to 1.6%. as well as demons ... | 2009 | 19150181 |
| hepatitis e virus infection among domestic animals in eastern china. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a zoonotic pathogen of which several species of animal were reported as reservoirs. antibodies to hev and hev rna have been detected in some chinese population and swine groups but few other domestic animals. in this study, to investigate the hev prevalence, we tested sera from 788 pigs, 100 cows, 50 goats, 49 horses, 101 pet dogs, 105 chickens, 47 duck and 45 pigeons in eastern china for anti-hev immunoglobulin g (igg). we also tested 50% of the swine sera, all of ser ... | 2008 | 18638181 |
| prevalence of four different subgenotypes of genotype 4 hepatitis e virus among swine in the shanghai area of china. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a zoonotic pathogen of which swine was reported as major reservoirs. hev has been divided into 4 different genotypes according to phylogenetic analysis. recent reports showed that genotype 4 hev is freely transmitted between humans and swine in eastern china, including shanghai area. this paper investigated the recent infection status of hev among swine population of shanghai area in china. | 2008 | 18513433 |
| diffusion pollution from livestock and poultry rearing in the yangtze delta, china. | the yangtze delta is one of the most developed regions in china and includes shanghai, eight cities in jiangsu province and eight cities in zhejiang province. meat consumption in this region has increased with economic growth, and most of the consumed meat is produced locally. the water quality of surface waters has deteriorated in recent years. an example was the huge blue-green algae bloom in tai lake in late may 2007, which affected millions of people's daily drinking water. however, animal h ... | 2008 | 18504847 |
| isolation and characterization of the first chinese porcine sapelovirus strain. | investigations were carried out to identify the causative agent of acute diarrhea, respiratory distress, and polioencephalomyelitis of pigs on a swine farm in shanghai, china. samples from the affected animals were tested for viruses and bacteria that are known to cause similar symptoms in swine, and only porcine sapelovirus (psv; designated as csh strain) was isolated. the presence of psv was further confirmed by the specific cytopathic effects observed in susceptible cells and by the results o ... | 2011 | 21618029 |
| prevalence of the cryptosporidium pig genotype ii in pigs from the yangtze river delta, china. | cryptosporidium spp. is prevalent globally, pigs are an important cryptosporidium reservoir. in china, little data regarding rates of cryptosporidium infections in pigs are available. the present study was therefore aimed at characterizing the distribution of cryptosporidium species in pigs from two different cities, shaoxing and shanghai, from the yangtze river delta. | 2011 | 21677776 |
| genetic diversity of h9n2 influenza viruses from pigs in china: a potential threat to human health? | pandemic strains of influenza a virus might arise by genetic reassortment between viruses from different hosts. pigs are susceptible to both human and avian influenza viruses and have been proposed to be intermediate hosts or mixing vessels, for the generation of pandemic influenza viruses through reassortment or adaptation to the mammalian host. in this study, we summarize and report for the first time the coexistence of 10 (a-j) genotypes in pigs in china by analyzing the eight genes of 28 swi ... | 2010 | 21115230 |
| Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis E virus infections in Shanghai, China. | ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes acute or fulminant hepatitis in humans and is an important public health concern in many developing countries. China has a high incidence of HEV epidemics, with at least three genotypes (1, 3, and 4) and nine subtypes (1b, 1c, 3b, 4a, 4b, 4d, 4g, 4h and 4iso far identified. Since genotype 3 and the newly identified subtype 4i have been exclusively limited geographically to Shanghai and its neighboring provinces, the epidemiology of HEV infect ... | 2011 | 22168371 |
| prevalence of mycoplasma suis (eperythrozoon suis) infection in swine and swine-farm workers in shanghai, china. | to determine the prevalence of mycoplasma suis infection in swine, swine-farm workers, and swine veterinarians in shanghai, china. | 2009 | 19566474 |
| adaptation of genotype 3 hepatitis e virus in eastern china and inverse correlation with genotype 4 hepatitis e virus. | we studied the distribution and development of hepatitis e virus (hev) genotypes 3 and 4 in pig farms located within the shanghai metropolitan area. a total of 1,487 swine fecal samples were collected from 39 pig farms during 2009-2010. the average incidence rates for genotype 3 and genotype 4 hev were 10.6 and 9.3%, respectively. the frequencies of genotype 3 and genotype 4 hev among the farms were inversely related (r = -0.7423), suggesting that the two genotypes competed within the environmen ... | 2011 | 22156659 |
| porcine kobuvirus from pig stool specimens in shanghai, china. | in this study, a total of 116 stool specimens were collected from pigs of different ages in three pig farms of shanghai in china during 2010. forty-five (38.8%) stool specimens were positive for porcine kobuvirus using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the prevalence rate of porcine kobuvirus in the three pig farms which are located in minhang district, qingpu district and fengxian district was 46.7%(21/45), 35.1%(13/37), and 32.4%(11/34), respectively. we demonstrated th ... | 2011 | 21789634 |
| measles vaccine in the people's republic of china. | the strains of measles virus and the method used in the production of further attenuated live-virus vaccine in the people's republic of china were studied. observation of clinical reactions and serologic responses to immunization with shanghai-191 measles vaccine, which is produced on a large scale with a locally isolated viral strain, revealed that this vaccine is adequately safe and immunogenic. epidemiologic data showed a significant decrease in measles-associated morbidity after the introduc ... | 1983 | 6879006 |
| new serotypes of porcine teschovirus identified in shanghai, china. | teschoviruses are widely endemic and commonly found in pig fecal samples. in this study, we collected fecal specimens from various pig herds and genotyped them based on the vp1 gene. of 322 samples, 276 were positive, giving a ptv infectivity rate of 85.7 %. ptv4 was the most common serotype found in shanghai, followed by ptv8 and ptv10. interestingly, some shanghai strains belonging to a new ptv serotype were also isolated. in phylogenetic analysis, ptv sh8 did not correspond to any known serot ... | 2015 | 25552321 |