| observations on the infectivity of parasitic third-stage larvae of uncinaria lucasi stiles 1901 (nematoda: ancylostomatidae) of northern fur seals, callorhinus ursinus linn., on st. paul island, alaska. | twelve fur seal pups, which had not nursed their mothers, were used in an infectivity experiment. pups were exposed to parasitic 3rd-stage larvae of uncinaria lucasi from belly tissues of fur seal bulls, bachelors, and pregnant cows, to determine maturation capability of the larvae. hookworms were not recovered from the intestines of 3 pups receiving larvae from belly blubber of bulls, 6 pups receiving larvae from belly blubber of bachelors, and 1 nonexposed pup. maturation of hookworms did occu ... | 1978 | 149188 |
| activities of dichlorvos or disophenol against the hookworm (uncinaria lucasi) and sucking lice of northern fur seal pups (callorhinus ursinus) on st. paul island, alaska. | one controlled and six critical tests were conducted in july, 1977 with northern fur seal pups (callorhinus ursinus) to determine the efficacies of a single dose of dichlorvos capsules at 29.3 to 32.8 mg/kg, tablets at 10.5 to 11.5 mg/kg, or disophenol at 9.9 mg/kg given subcutaneously against natural infections of adult uncinaria lucasi. in the controlled test, 20 pups were treated and 10 pups were nontreated. removal of hookworms in this test was 99% for five pups receiving dichlorvos capsules ... | 1978 | 739586 |
| life cycle of uncinaria lucasi stiles, 1901 (nematoda: ancylostomatidae) of fur seals, callorhinus ursinus linn., on the pribilof islands, alaska. | | 1965 | 5892851 |
| bacterial and fungal flora of wild northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus). | tissues from healthy subadult and moribund newborn northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) on st. paul island, pribilof islands, alaska, and from healthy pups and yearlings on san miguel island, california, were sampled for bacteria and fungi. corynebacterium spp. and staphylococcus spp. were more frequently present in tissues from animals on st. paul island whereas pseudomonas spp. were frequently isolated on san miguel island. approximately half of the blood samples were positive for bacteria ... | 1982 | 7154218 |
| variable activity of disophenol against hookworms and lice of northern fur seal pups on st. paul island, alaska. | six critical tests with disophenol were conducted in july, 1978, in fur seal pups (callorhinus ursinus) naturally-infected with adult hookworms, uncinaria lucasi, and infested with various stages of two species of sucking lice, proechinopthirus fluctus (ferris) and antarctophthirus callorhini (osborn). disophenol at a dose rate of 12.5 mg/kg was administered subcutaneously to each of six pups. each pup was contained in an individual cage for 60 h posttreatment at which time pups were exmained at ... | 1980 | 7373724 |
| vanadium accumulation in pinnipeds. | vanadium in four species of pinnipeds (northern fur seals [callorhinus ursinus], steller sea lions [eumetopias jubatus], harbor seals [phoca vitulina], and ribbon seals [phoca fasciata]) caught in the northern pacific was analyzed using icp-ms to understand its accumulation and distribution. in northern fur seals, relatively high concentrations of vanadium were observed in the liver, hair, and bone. ninety percent of the vanadium burden in the body was concentrated in these three tissues, which ... | 1999 | 9828265 |
| spatial aspects of organochlorine contamination in northern fur seal tissues. | northern fur seals from the pribilof islands, alaska (st. george is. and st. paul is.) were examined for organochlorine contamination (oc) and whether the organochlorine levels differed between the populations and were at levels that may adversely affect their health. fur seal blubber and milk samples were obtained from pups, sub-adult males, and adult females on both pribilof islands. these samples were analyzed for organochlorine contaminants including dioxin-like pcbs and other selected pcbs ... | 2002 | 12474962 |
| ascaridoid nematodes and associated lesions in stomachs of subadult male northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) on st. paul island, alaska: (1987-1999). | stomachs from subadult male northern fur seals (sams) (callorhinus ursinus) (n = 5,950) from st. paul island, alaska, were examined from 1987 to 1999 for lesions and parasites. on gross examination of these stomachs, parasite nodules were evident in 92% of the stomachs and active and healing ulcers were found in 14% and 10%, respectively. prevalence of nematodes from 1987 to 1997 was 88% for 5,700 sams for which numbers of parasites were estimated but not identified to the genus level. all nemat ... | 2003 | 14535542 |
| historic importance of some aspects of research by o. wilford olsen on hookworms (uncinaria lucasi) in northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) and steller sea lions (eumatopias jubatus) in 1951 on st. paul island, alaska. | the purpose of this paper is to disseminate, more widely, certain historically important aspects of research by o. wilford olsen on hookworms (uncinaria lucasi) in northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) and steller sea lions (eumatopias jubatus) in 1951 on st. paul island, alaska. highly meaningful facets of the research were recorded only in a report with limited availability by olsen in 1952. portions of his research presented here include measurements of hookworm free-living infective third ... | 2005 | 15719260 |
| hookworms (uncinaria lucasi) and acanthocephalans (corynosoma spp. and bolbosoma spp.) found in dead northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) on st. paul island, alaska in 2007. | intestines of dead northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) on st. paul island (spi), alaska were inspected for specific internal parasites (hookworms and acanthocephalans) in july and august, 2007. pups (n=64) were examined for adult hookworms (uncinaria lucasi) and four (6.25%) were infected. the number of specimens per infected pup was 1, 2, 2, or 408. low prevalence was similar to that determined in the last investigation (2001) in dead fur seal pups on spi by two of the present authors (lyo ... | 2008 | 18587686 |
| coxiella burnetii in northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus) placentas from st. paul island, alaska. | abstract the decline in the number of northern fur seal (nfs; callorhinus ursinus) pups on st. paul island, alaska, has led to multidisciplinary research, including investigation into issues of reproductive health and success. given the recent identification of coxiella burnetii in the placenta of two other marine mammal species, nfs placentas were collected from reef rookery on st. paul island, alaska, during the 2010 pupping season, examined histologically, and tested for c. burnetii using p ... | 2011 | 22017469 |
| high morphological plasticity and global geographical distribution of the pacific broad tapeworm adenocephalus pacificus (syn. diphyllobothrium pacificum): molecular and morphological survey. | the most important causative agent of human diphyllobothriosis in south america, diphyllobothrium pacificum, is transferred to the original genus adenocephalus nybelin, 1931; revised and redescribed on the basis of the evaluation of an extensive material collected mainly from northern fur seal, callorhinus ursinus, from st. paul island, alaska. detailed analysis of morphological and morphometrical data shows a high variability in most of the characteristics traditionally used in diagnosis of dip ... | 2015 | 26001974 |
| anisakids (nematoda: anisakidae) from stomachs of northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) on st. paul island, alaska: parasitological and pathological analysis. | anisakid nematodes parasitize the alimentary tracts of aquatic vertebrates, including northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) (nfs). the main purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence, intensity, and species composition of anisakids in nfss on st. paul island, alaska, and to analyze changes in nfs infection with these nematodes during the last decades. the study was carried out on st. paul island, alaska, in july-august 2011-2013. stomachs of 443 humanely harvested nfs males were col ... | 2014 | 25216781 |
| brucella placentitis and seroprevalence in northern fur seals ( callorhinus ursinus) of the pribilof islands, alaska. | brucella species infect a wide range of hosts with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. in mammals, one of the most significant consequences of brucella infection is reproductive failure. there is evidence of brucella exposure in many species of marine mammals, but the outcome of infection is often challenging to determine. the eastern pacific stock of northern fur seals (nfss, callorhinus ursinus) has declined significantly, spawning research into potential causes for this trend, includ ... | 2014 | 24803576 |
| acanthocephalans in northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) and a harbor seal (phoca vitulina) on st. paul island, alaska: species, prevalence, and biodiversity in four fur seal subpopulations. | monitoring studies of acanthocephalans in northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus linnaeus, 1758) (nfss) and a harbor seal (phoca vitulina linnaeus, 1758) were performed on st. paul island, alaska, in july-august 2011. gastrointestinal tracts of 105 humanely harvested nfs subadult males (sams) (3-4 years old) were collected during the annual aleut subsistence harvest at four haul-out areas (hoas): lukanin (n = 26 nfss), polovina (n = 28), gorbatch (n = 30), and morzhovyi (n = 21). one gastrointe ... | 2012 | 22584377 |
| prevalence of coxiella burnetii and brucella spp. in tissues from subsistence harvested northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) of st. paul island, alaska. | the northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus) is an important cultural and nutritional resource for the aleut community on st. paul island alaska. in recent years, an increasing number of zoonotic pathogens have been identified in the population, but the public health significance of these findings is unknown. to determine the prevalence of coxiella burnetii and brucella spp. in northern fur seal tissues, eight tissue types from 50 subsistence-harvested fur seals were tested for bacterial dna by r ... | 2014 | 25266039 |
| coxiella burnetii in northern fur seals and steller sea lions of alaska. | coxiella burnetii, a zoonotic bacterium, has recently been identified in several marine mammal species on the pacific coast of north america, but little is known about the epidemiology, transmission, and pathogenesis in these species. we tested sera archived from northern fur seals (nfs, callorhinus ursinus; n=236) and steller sea lions (ssl, eumetopias jubatus; n=72) sampled in alaska for c. burnetii antibodies, and vaginal swabs from nfs (n=40) for c. burnetii by qpcr. the antibody prevalence ... | 2013 | 23568925 |
| apoptosis in normal and coxiella burnetii-infected placentas from alaskan northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus). | in 2010, coxiella burnetii was identified in 75% of northern fur seal placentas from a single rookery in alaska, but nothing was known about the significance of this organism in the population. although many infectious organisms cause increased cell death, c. burnetii has been shown to suppress apoptosis of the host macrophages as an intracellular survival mechanism. to determine if infection induces a similar functional change in the placenta, immunohistochemistry for antibodies to cleaved casp ... | 2013 | 23125144 |
| multiple strains of coxiella burnetii are present in the environment of st. paul island, alaska. | in 2010, coxiella burnetii was identified at a high prevalence in the placentas of northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) collected at a single rookery on st. paul island alaska; an area of the united states where the agent was not known to be present. as contamination was hypothesized as a potential cause of false positives, but nothing was known about environmental c. burnetii in the region, an environmental survey was conducted to look for the prevalence and distribution of the organism on ... | 2013 | 22747976 |
| update on the prevalence of the hookworm, uncinaria lucasi, in northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) on st. paul island, alaska, 2011. | prevalence of hookworms (uncinaria lucasi stiles, 1901) was determined in the northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus linnaeus, 1758) on st. paul island (spi), alaska in july and august, 2011. three of 61 (4.9%) dead pups harbored 1 to 13 adult hookworms each in their intestines. parasitic larvae (l(3)) of hookworms were recovered from the blubber of 4 of 133 (3%) of subadult males (sams) examined. one parasitic l(3) was detected from each infected sam. adult u. lucasi (n = 3) were found in the i ... | 2012 | 22398833 |
| fukushima derived radiocesium in subsistence-consumed northern fur seal and wild celery. | in july 2014, our investigative team traveled to st. paul island, alaska to measure concentrations of radiocesium in wild-caught food products, primarily northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus). the 2011 fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant accident released radiocesium into the atmosphere and into the western pacific ocean; other investigators have detected fukushima-derived radionuclides in a variety of marine products harvested off the western coast of north america. we tested two subsistenc ... | 2016 | 26630034 |
| organohalogen contaminants and vitamins in northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) collected during subsistence hunts in alaska. | during native subsistence hunts from 1987 to 2007, blubber and liver samples from 50 subadult male northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) were collected on st. paul island, alaska. samples were analyzed for legacy persistent organic pollutants (pops), recently phased-out/current-use pops, and vitamins. the legacy pops measured from blubber samples included polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, ddt (and its metabolites), chlorobenzenes, chlordanes, and mirex. recently phased-out/current-use pops ... | 2016 | 26142120 |
| stable isotope models predict foraging habitat of northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) in alaska. | we developed models to predict foraging habitat of adult female northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) using stable carbon (δ13c) and nitrogen (δ15n) isotope values from plasma and red blood cells. binomial generalized linear mixed models were developed using blood isotope samples collected from 35 adult female fur seals on three breeding colonies in alaska during july-october 2006. satellite location and dive data were used to define habitat use in terms of the proportion of time spent or div ... | 2015 | 26030280 |
| fortuitous encounters between seagliders and adult female northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) off the washington (usa) coast: upper ocean variability and links to top predator behavior. | behavioral responses by top marine predators to oceanographic features such as eddies, river plumes, storms, and coastal topography suggest that biophysical interactions in these zones affect predators' prey, foraging behaviors, and potentially fitness. however, examining these pathways is challenged by the obstacles inherent in obtaining simultaneous observations of surface and subsurface environmental fields and predator behavior. in this study, migratory movements and, in some cases, diving b ... | 2014 | 25153524 |
| estimating animal resource selection from telemetry data using point process models. | 1. analyses of animal resource selection functions (rsf) using data collected from relocations of individuals via remote telemetry devices have become commonplace. increasing technological advances, however, have produced statistical challenges in analysing such highly autocorrelated data. weighted distribution methods have been proposed for analysing rsfs with telemetry data. however, they can be computationally challenging due to an intractable normalizing constant and cannot be aggregated (i. ... | 2013 | 23800202 |
| ecological, morphological, and molecular studies of acanthocheilonema odendhali (nematoda: filarioidea) in northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) on st. paul island, alaska. | studies of northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus linnaeus, 1758) infection by the filariid nematode acanthocheilonema odendhali were carried out in 2011-2012 on st. paul island, pribilof archipelago, alaska. skins of 502 humanely harvested northern fur seals from haul-out areas of five rookeries, polovina (n = 122), morjovi (n = 54), zapadni (n = 72), lukanin (n = 109), and gorbatch (n = 145), were examined. a. odendhali was found in 18% of northern fur seals. the prevalence of infection ranged ... | 2013 | 23760875 |
| novel polyomaviral infection in the placenta of a northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus) on the pribilof islands, alaska, usa. | viruses of the family polyomaviridae infect a wide variety of avian and mammalian hosts with a broad spectrum of outcomes including asymptomatic infection, acute systemic disease, and tumor induction. in 2010, intranuclear viral inclusion bodies were identified in trophoblasts of a single northern fur seal (nfs; callorhinus ursinus) placenta from a presumed healthy birth on st. paul island, alaska. on transmission electron microscopy, virions were approximately 40 nm in diameter and were arrange ... | 2013 | 23307383 |
| causes of mortality in northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus), st. paul island, pribilof islands, alaska, 1986-2006. | to determine whether infectious diseases might have contributed to the present-day decline of northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus), preweaned pups (n=2,735), subadult males (n=98), and adults (n=179) were examined postmortem from 1986 to 2006 on st. paul island, alaska. gross necropsy findings and histologic lesions were used to determine causes of death. five general categories of mortality were identified for pups: emaciation (1,454 pups, 53%), trauma (497 pups, 18%), perinatal mortality ( ... | 2010 | 20688638 |
| mercury concentrations in the fur of steller sea lions and northern fur seals from alaska. | we compared total mercury (thg) concentrations in the fur of northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) from the depleted pribilof islands population with those of both declining and thriving populations of steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus) from prince william sound (pws) and southeast alaska (sea), respectively. relatively low wet weight concentrations (ranges) of thg were detected in the fur of steller sea lion (ssl) pups (0.90-3.14 microg/g) and juveniles (0.56-6.75 microg/g) from both are ... | 2002 | 12474974 |
| factors affecting organochlorine contaminant concentrations in milk and blood of northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus) dams and pups from st. george island, alaska. | levels of organochlorine contaminants in blood of northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus) pups and the blood and milk of their dams early in the lactation period are reported here. the contaminants included 15 selected individual polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congeners and ddt metabolites identified through high-performance liquid chromatography. congeners cb-77, -81, -126, -169 and -189 were below the limits of detection in milk and blood samples analyzed. congener-specific concentrations of p ... | 1999 | 10472134 |
| organochlorine contaminants in blubber of four seal species: integrating biomonitoring and specimen banking. | blubber samples from four alaska seal species (bearded seal, erignathus barbatus, harbor seal, phoca vitulina, northern fur seal, callorhinus ursinus, ringed seal, p. hispida) were collected for inclusion in the us national biomonitoring specimen bank, as well as for immediate analysis as part of the contaminant monitoring component of the us national marine fisheries service's marine mammal health and stranding response program. the blubber samples were analyzed for organochlorine (oc) contamin ... | 1997 | 9159908 |
| determination of pcbs and chlorinated hydrocarbons in marine mammal tissues. | selected tissues (blubber, liver, kidney and muscle) from marine mammals, which were collected as part of the alaska marine mammal tissue archival project (ammtap), were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congeners and chlorinated pesticides. concentrations of these compounds in the different tissues were compared and blubber was selected as the primary tissue for organic contaminant analyses for the ammtap based on higher levels (1-2 orders of magnitude) in this tissue compared to live ... | 1993 | 8272838 |
| determination of inorganic constituents in marine mammal tissues. | analyses of selected tissues from the alaska marine mammal tissue archival project (ammtap) have provided comprehensive information related to levels of 36 trace elements and methyl-mercury in marine mammal tissues. liver, kidney and muscle tissues from two northern fur seals, four ringed seals and six belukha whales were analyzed. the bulk of the investigated tissues and additional tissues from a total of 65 marine mammals are banked in the ammtap. the results are compared to literature values ... | 1993 | 8272841 |