| west nile virus infection in reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | west nile virus (wnv) infection in 4 reindeer (rangifer tarandus) resulted in lymphohistiocytic encephalomyelitis within the medulla oblongata and cervical spinal cord. immunohistochemistry revealed wnv antigen within neurons and among mononuclear cell infiltrates. these represent the first known cases of clinical wnv infection in cervidae. clinical signs and lesions were similar to those described in horses. nucleotide sequence of a 768-bp region of the wnv e-glycoprotein gene revealed 1 nucleo ... | 2004 | 15152836 |
| west nile virus activity united states, july 7-13, 2004. | during the week of july 7-13, a total of 30 human west nile virus illness cases were reported from four states (arizona, california, colorado, and iowa). during 2004, a total of 10 states have reported a total of 108 cases of human west nile virus (wnv) illness to cdc through arbonet. of these, 66 (61%) were reported from arizona. sixty-one (58%) of the 108 cases occurred in males; median age of patients was 52 years (range: 1-84 years); dates of illness onset ranged from april 23 to july 5; and ... | 2004 | 15254454 |
| west nile virus activity--united states, july 21-27, 2004. | during july 21-27, a total of 83 cases of human west nile virus (wnv) illness were reported from 13 states (alabama, arizona, arkansas, california, colorado, florida, illinois, iowa, missouri, new mexico, ohio, pennsylvania, and south dakota). | 2004 | 15282450 |
| west nile virus activity--united states, september 8-14, 2004. | during september 8-14, a total of 195 cases of human west nile virus (wnv) illness were reported from 26 states (alabama, arizona, arkansas, california, colorado, florida, georgia, idaho, illinois, iowa, kansas, maryland, minnesota, missouri, nebraska, nevada, new mexico, new york, north dakota, oklahoma, oregon, pennsylvania, south dakota, tennessee, texas, and wisconsin). | 2004 | 15371969 |
| west nile virus activity--united states, september 22-28, 2004. | during september 22-28, a total of 180 cases of human west nile virus (wnv) illness were reported in the district of columbia (dc) and 24 states (alabama, arizona, california, georgia, illinois, iowa, kansas, kentucky, louisiana, maryland, michigan, minnesota, mississippi, missouri, montana, nebraska, nevada, new mexico, ohio, pennsylvania, texas, utah, wisconsin, and wyoming). | 2004 | 15457147 |
| west nile virus activity--united states, september 29-october 5, 2004. | during september 29-october 5, a total of 81 cases of human west nile virus (wnv) illness were reported from 18 states (alabama, arizona, arkansas, california, florida, georgia, illinois, iowa, kansas, kentucky, minnesota, missouri, ohio, oklahoma, pennsylvania, south dakota, texas, and virginia). | 2004 | 15470326 |
| west nile virus activity--united states, october 13-19, 2004. | during october 13-19, a total of 200 cases of human west nile virus (wnv) illness were reported from 20 states (arizona, arkansas, california, colorado, illinois, indiana, iowa, kansas, maryland, michigan, mississippi, missouri, nevada, new mexico, north carolina, oklahoma, pennsylvania, south dakota, wisconsin, and wyoming). | 2004 | 15499683 |
| west nile virus activity--united states, october 20-26, 2004. | during october 20-26, a total of 80 cases of human west nile virus (wnv) illness were reported from 16 states (arizona, california, florida, iowa, kentucky, louisiana, michigan, mississippi, missouri, montana, nebraska, new york, ohio, south dakota, texas, and utah). | 2004 | 15514584 |
| west nile virus activity--united states, october 27-november 2, 2004. | during october 27-november 2, a total of 10 cases of human west nile virus (wnv) illness were reported from eight states (arizona, georgia, iowa, michigan, new mexico, ohio, oklahoma, and pennsylvania). | 2004 | 15525902 |
| west nile virus serosurveillance in iowa white-tailed deer (1999-2003). | sera from white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were collected in iowa during the winter months (1999-2003), 2 years before and after west nile virus (wnv) was first reported in iowa (2001), and were analyzed for antibodies to wnv. samples from 1999 to 2001 were antibody negative by blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (belisa) and plaque reduction neutralization test (prnt(90)). prevalence derived from belisa (2002, 12.7%; 2003, 11.2%) and wnv prnt(90) (2002, 7.9%; 2003, 8.5%) assays ... | 2005 | 16354809 |
| west nile virus activity--united states, january 1-august 15, 2006. | this report summarizes west nile virus (wnv) surveillance data reported to cdc through arbonet as of 3 a.m. mountain daylight time, august 15, 2006. a total of 26 states had reported 388 cases of human wnv illness to cdc. a total of 214 (56%) cases for which such data were available occurred in males; median age of patients was 49 years (range: 2-91 years). dates of illness onset ranged from january 6 to august 10; a total of 13 cases were fatal. a total of 68 presumptive west nile viremic blood ... | 2006 | 16915222 |
| spatiotemporal investigation of adult mosquito (diptera: culicidae) populations in an eastern iowa county, usa. | landscape and climatic factors regulate distributions of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) over time and space. the anthropogenic control of mosquito populations is often carried out at a local administrative scale, and it is applied based on the relevant agency's experiential knowledge rather than systematic analysis of spatial and temporal data. to address this shortcoming, a spatial and temporal analysis of landscape and climatic parameters in relation to mosquito populations in black hawk coun ... | 2007 | 18047216 |
| landscape, demographic, entomological, and climatic associations with human disease incidence of west nile virus in the state of iowa, usa. | west nile virus (wnv) emerged as a threat to public and veterinary health in the midwest united states in 2001 and continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality annually. to investigate biotic and abiotic factors associated with disease incidence, cases of reported human disease caused by west nile virus (wnv) in the state of iowa were aggregated by census block groups in iowa for the years 2002-2006. spatially explicit data on landscape, demographic, and climatic conditions were collat ... | 2008 | 18452604 |
| genomic sequence and phylogenetic analysis of culex flavivirus, an insect-specific flavivirus, isolated from culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) in iowa. | adult mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) were collected in 2007 and tested for specific viruses, including west nile virus, as part of the ongoing arbovirus surveillance efforts in the state of iowa. a subset of these mosquitoes (6,061 individuals in 340 pools) was further tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using flavivirus universal primers. of the 211 pools of culex pipiens (l.) tested, 50 were positive. one of 51 pools of culex tarsalis coquillet was also positive ... | 2009 | 19645300 |
| antibodies to west nile virus in raccoons and other wild peridomestic mammals in iowa. | surveillance for evidence of west nile virus (wnv) infection in small- and medium-sized wild mammals was conducted in iowa, usa, from may 2005 to june 2007. sera were collected from 325 mammals belonging to nine species and tested for antibodies to wnv and other flaviviruses by epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). all sera that had antibodies to flaviviruses by blocking elisa were further examined by plaque reduction neutralization test (prnt). thirteen mammals were seropo ... | 2009 | 19901390 |
| arrival and establishment of aedes japonicus japonicus (diptera: culicidae) in iowa. | the arrival and establishment of aedes (finlaya) japonicus japonicus (theobald) (diptera: culicidae) in iowa are reported. in total, 518 wild adult specimens were collected through the statewide mosquito and mosquito-borne virus surveillance program in 2007 and 2008. specimens were collected with new jersey light traps, co2-baited cdc light traps, grass infusion-baited gravid traps, and mosquito magnet traps located in 12 counties in central and eastern iowa specimens were identified morphologic ... | 2009 | 19960671 |
| ecological niche modeling of potential west nile virus vector mosquito species in iowa. | ecological niche modeling (enm) algorithms, maximum entropy species distribution modeling (maxent) and genetic algorithm for rule-set prediction (garp), were used to develop models in iowa for three species of mosquito - two significant, extant west nile virus (wnv) vectors (culex pipiens l and culex tarsalis coquillett (diptera: culicidae)), and the nuisance mosquito, aedes vexans meigen (diptera: culicidae), a potential wnv bridge vector. occurrence data for the three mosquito species from a s ... | 2010 | 20874412 |
| association between agricultural land use and west nile virus antibody prevalence in iowa birds. | in the plains states of the central united states, research suggests that the prevalence of west nile virus (wnv) disease in humans is higher in agricultural areas than in nonagricultural areas. in contrast, there is limited information about wnv exposure in birds, the primary amplifying host of wnv, in agriculturally dominated landscapes. we evaluated whether exposure to wnv in peridomestic birds sampled in central iowa varied with the proportion of land use devoted to agriculture. over the sum ... | 2013 | 24502714 |
| efficacy of wildlife rehabilitation centers in surveillance and monitoring of pathogen activity: a case study with west nile virus. | surveillance is critical for identifying and monitoring pathogen activity in wildlife populations, but often is cost- and time-prohibitive and logistically challenging. we tested the hypothesis that wildlife rehabilitation centers are useful for monitoring pathogen activity using west nile virus (wnv) as a case study. we hypothesized that birds submitted to wildlife rehabilitation centers would have a similar prevalence of antibody to wnv as free-ranging birds. from 2008 to 2010, we collected se ... | 2012 | 22740530 |
| culex flavivirus and west nile virus in culex quinquefasciatus populations in the southeastern united states. | little is known of the interactions between insect-only flaviviruses and other arboviruses in their mosquito hosts, or the potential public health significance of these associations. the specific aims of this study were to describe the geographic distribution, prevalence, and seasonal infection rates of culex flavivirus (cxfv) and west nile virus (wnv) in culex quinquefasciatus say in the southeastern united states, investigate the potential association between cxfv and wnv prevalence in cx. qui ... | 2012 | 22308785 |