| detection of anti-arboviral immunoglobulin g by using a monoclonal antibody-based capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | monoclonal antibody (mab)-based capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for the detection of anti-arboviral immunoglobulin g (igg elisas) were developed for a comprehensive array of medically important arboviruses from the alphavirus, flavivirus, and bunyavirus genera. tests were optimized and standardized so that maximum homology could be maintained among working parameters for the different viral agents, enabling a wide range of viruses to be easily tested for at one time. mabs wer ... | 2000 | 10790108 |
| two new rhabdoviruses (rhabdoviridae) isolated from birds during surveillance for arboviral encephalitis, northeastern united states. | two novel rhabdoviruses were isolated from birds during surveillance for arboviral encephalitis in the northeastern united states. the first, designated farmington virus, is a tentative new member of the vesiculovirus genus. the second, designated rhode island virus, is unclassified antigenically, but its ultrastructure and size are more similar to those of some of the plant rhabdoviruses. both viruses infect birds and mice, as well as monkey kidney cells in culture, but their importance for hum ... | 2002 | 12023919 |
| vector competence of california mosquitoes for west nile virus. | to identify the mosquito species competent for west nile virus (wnv) transmission, we evaluated 10 california species that are known vectors of other arboviruses or major pests: culex tarsalis, cx. pipiens pipiens, cx. p. quinquefasciatus, cx. stigmatosoma, cx. erythrothorax, ochlerotatus dorsalis, oc. melanimon, oc. sierrensis, aedes vexans, and culiseta inornata. all 10 became infected and were able to transmit wnv at some level. ochlerotatus, culiseta, and aedes were low to moderately efficie ... | 2002 | 12498652 |
| west nile virus detection in american crows. | | 2003 | 14609472 |
| host feeding patterns of established and potential mosquito vectors of west nile virus in the eastern united states. | an important variable in determining the vectorial capacity of mosquito species for arthropod-borne infections is the degree of contact of the vector and the vertebrate reservoir. this parameter can be estimated by examining the host-feeding habits of vectors. serological and polymerase chain reaction based methods have been used to study the host-feedings patterns of 21 mosquito species from new york, new jersey, and tennessee, 19 of which previously have been found infected with west nile viru ... | 2004 | 15018775 |
| geographic factors contributing to a high seroprevalence of west nile virus-specific antibodies in humans following an epidemic. | sera of 624 blood donors were evaluated to determine seroprevalence of west nile virus (wnv) antibodies following the 2003 wnv epidemic in nebraska. geographic factors contributing to differences in wnv seropositivity were evaluated. the overall prevalence of wnv in nebraska was higher than reported previously in other u.s. locations (9.5% wnv immunoglobulin g seroprevalence rate), with the highest prevalence identified in the western part of the state (19.7%), followed by the central (13.8%) an ... | 2006 | 16522771 |
| west nile virus infection in commercial waterfowl operation, wisconsin. | a west nile virus (wnv) outbreak occurred at a commercial waterfowl operation in wisconsin in 2005. retrospective analysis of dead and live birds was conducted. wnv was detected by pcr in 84.1% of 88 dead birds; neutralizing antibodies were found in 14 of 30 randomly sampled asymptomatic or recovered birds. | 2006 | 17073102 |
| serologic evidence of widespread everglades virus activity in dogs, florida. | everglades virus (evev), an alphavirus in the venezuelan equine encephalitis complex, circulates among rodents and vector mosquitoes in florida and occasionally infects humans. it causes febrile disease, sometimes accompanied by neurologic manifestations. although previous surveys showed high seroprevalence in humans, evev infections may be underdiagnosed because the disease is not severe enough to warrant a clinic visit or the undifferentiated presentations complicate diagnosis. documented evev ... | 2006 | 17326938 |
| west nile virus antibody prevalence in wild mammals, southern wisconsin. | twenty percent prevalence of west nile virus antibody was found in free-ranging medium-sized wisconsin mammals. no significant differences were noted in antibody prevalence with regard to sex, age, month of collection, or species. our results suggest a similar route of infection in these mammals. | 2006 | 17326959 |
| association of west nile virus illness and urban landscapes in chicago and detroit. | west nile virus infection in humans in urban areas of the midwestern united states has exhibited strong spatial clustering during epidemic years. we derived urban landscape classes from the physical and socio-economic factors hypothesized to be associated with west nile virus (wnv) transmission and compared those to human cases of illness in 2002 in chicago and detroit. the objectives were to improve understanding of human exposure to virus-infected mosquitoes in the urban context, and to assess ... | 2007 | 17352825 |
| surveillance for west nile virus in clinic-admitted raptors, colorado. | in 2005, 13.5% of clinic-admitted raptors in northern colorado tested positive for west nile virus (wnv). clinic-admitted-raptor surveillance detected wnv activity nearly 14 weeks earlier than other surveillance systems. wnv surveillance using live raptor admissions to rehabilitation clinics may offer a novel surveillance method and should be considered along with other techniques already in use. | 2007 | 17479898 |
| depression after infection with west nile virus. | previous reports have noted depression after west nile virus (wnv) infection. we further measured this outcome and found that 31% of patients reported new-onset depression and 75% of these had center for epidemiologic studies depression scores indicative of mild-to-severe depression. physicians should be aware of neuropsychiatric consequences of wnv in patients. | 2007 | 17552106 |
| surveillance for west nile virus and vaccination of free-ranging island scrub-jays (aphelocoma insularis) on santa cruz island, california. | abstract transmission of west nile virus (wnv) on mainland california poses an ongoing threat to the island scrub-jay (issj, aphelocoma insularis), a species that occurs only on santa cruz island, california, and whose total population numbers <5000. our report describes the surveillance and management efforts conducted since 2006 that are designed to understand and mitigate for the consequences of wnv introduction into the issj population. we suspect that wnv would most likely be introduced to ... | 2011 | 21438695 |
| weather and land cover influences on mosquito populations in sioux falls, south dakota. | this study compared the spatial and temporal patterns of culex tarsalis coquillett and aedes vexans meigen populations and examined their relationships with land cover types and climatic variability in sioux falls, sd. between 24 and 30 cdc co2-baited light traps were set annually in sioux falls from may to september 2005-2008. land cover data were acquired from the 2001 national land cover dataset and the percentages of selected land cover types were calculated within a 600-m buffer zone around ... | 2011 | 21661329 |
| potential role of deer tick virus in powassan encephalitis cases in lyme disease-endemic areas of new york, u.s.a. | powassan virus, a member of the tick-borne encephalitis group of flaviviruses, encompasses 2 lineages with separate enzootic cycles. the prototype lineage of powassan virus (powv) is principally maintained between ixodes cookei ticks and the groundhog (marmota momax) or striped skunk (mephitis mephitis), whereas the deer tick virus (dtv) lineage is believed to be maintained between ixodes scapularis ticks and the white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus). we report 14 cases of powassan encephalit ... | 2013 | 24274334 |
| field investigations of winter transmission of eastern equine encephalitis virus in florida. | studies investigating winter transmission of eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) were conducted in hillsborough county, florida. the virus was detected in culiseta melanura and anopheles quadrimaculatus in february 2012 and 2013, respectively. during the winter months, herons were the most important avian hosts for all mosquito species encountered. in collections carried out in the summer of 2011, blood meals taken from herons were still common, but less frequently encountered than in winte ... | 2014 | 25070997 |
| exploring genomic, geographic and virulence interactions among epidemic and non-epidemic st. louis encephalitis virus (flavivirus) strains. | st. louis encephalitis virus (slev) is a re-emerging arbovirus in south america. in 2005, an encephalitis outbreak caused by slev was reported in argentina. the reason for the outbreak remains unknown, but may have been related to virological factors, changes in vectors populations, avian amplifying hosts, and/or environmental conditions. the main goal of this study was to characterize the complete genome of epidemic and non-epidemic slev strains from argentina. seventeen amino acid changes were ... | 2015 | 26312485 |
| a cluster of dengue cases in american missionaries returning from haiti, 2010. | dengue is an acute febrile illness caused by four mosquito-borne dengue viruses (denv-1 to -4) that are endemic throughout the tropics. after returning from a 1-week missionary trip to haiti in october of 2010, 5 of 28 (18%) travelers were hospitalized for dengue-like illness. all travelers were invited to submit serum specimens and complete questionnaires on pre-travel preparations, mosquito avoidance practices, and activities during travel. denv infection was confirmed in seven (25%) travelers ... | 0 | 22232444 |
| ecology of potential west nile virus vectors in southeastern louisiana: enzootic transmission in the relative absence of culex quinquefasciatus. | a study of west nile virus (wnv) ecology was conducted in st. tammany parish, louisiana, from 2002 to 2004. mosquitoes were collected weekly throughout the year using centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) light traps placed at 1.5 and 6 m above the ground and gravid traps. a total of 379,466 mosquitoes was collected. wnv was identified in 32 pools of mosquitoes comprising four species; 23 positive pools were from culex nigripalpus collected during 2003. significantly more positive poo ... | 2013 | 23478575 |
| yard flooding by irrigation canals increased the risk of west nile disease in el paso, texas. | to investigate the effects of use of water from irrigation canals to flood residential yards on the risk of west nile disease in el paso, texas. | 2011 | 21943648 |