| [detection of enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus a16 from children with hand, foot and mouth disease in shanghai, 2002]. | it was noticed that coxsackievirus a16 (ca16) and enterovirus 71 (ev71) were two major etiological agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) in children. recently there were several large outbreaks of hfmd in the asia-pacific region, and there was a propensity to cause severe complications or death in children under 5 years of age. the severe forms were associated with ev71 infection. although epidemics of hfmd have been reported in the mainland of china, few reports about ev71 as the pathog ... | 2005 | 16191294 |
| epidemic characteristics of hand, foot, and mouth disease in shanghai from 2009 to 2010: enterovirus 71 subgenotype c4 as the primary causative agent and a high incidence of mixed infections with coxsackievirus a16. | background: enterovirus 71 (ev71) has been the main causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) outbreaks in recent years. a significant increase in the number of hfmd cases in china over the last 3 y has made the public prevention and therapy of this disease a critical issue. methods: a total of 3208 hfmd patients in shanghai during the period 2009 to 2010 were analyzed; 437 clinical specimens were collected for the determination of causative pathogens. eight of the isolated ev71 st ... | 2011 | 22176514 |
| [detection the pathogens and analysis the clinical characteristics in children with hand, foot and mouth disease in shanghai during 2009-2011]. | to investigate the epidemic characteristics of etiological agents and analyze the clinic differences in children with hand, foot and mouth diseases in shanghai. | 2012 | 23547454 |
| serological detection and analysis of anti-vp1 responses against various enteroviruses (ev) (ev-a, ev-b and ev-c) in chinese individuals. | the overall serological prevalence of ev infections based on elisa remains unknown. in the present study, the antibody responses against vp1 of the ev-a species (enterovirus 71 (ev71), coxsackievirus a16 (ca16), coxsackievirus a5 (ca5) and coxsackievirus a6 (ca6)), of the ev-b species (coxsackievirus b3 (cb3)), and of the ev-c species (poliovirus 1 (pv1)) were detected and analyzed by a neibm (novel evolved immunoglobulin-binding molecule)-based elisa in shanghai blood donors. the serological pr ... | 2016 | 26917423 |
| enterovirus genotypes causing hand foot and mouth disease in shanghai, china: a molecular epidemiological analysis. | a rapid expansion of hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) outbreaks has occurred and caused deaths in china in recent years, but little is known about the other etiologic agents except enterovirus 71 (ev71) and coxsackievirus a 16 (ca16). the objective of this study is to determine the genotype compositions of enterovirus causing hfmd in shanghai and identify any associations between enterovirus types and clinical manifestations. | 2013 | 24148902 |
| relationship between serologic response and clinical symptoms in children with enterovirus 71-infected hand-foot-mouth disease. | this study aimed to explore the correlation between clinical symptoms, including rash and fever, and serum antibody reaction to enterovirus 71 (ev71) infection in children hospitalized due to hand-foot-mouth disease (hfmd). from may 2014 to july 2014, a total of 547 children hospitalized due to hfmd in children's hospital of fudan university were enrolled retrospectively. rna levels of ev71 and ca16 in fecal, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid specimens were measured using quantitative real-time rt- ... | 2015 | 26617898 |
| socioeconomic burden of hand, foot and mouth disease in children in shanghai, china. | in the near future, the inactivated enterovirus 71 (ev71) vaccine is expected to become available on the market in china. since ev71 is a major cause of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd), the vaccine is expected to significantly reduce the number of cases, as well as the detrimental economic effect of the disease. however, for a national vaccination strategy to be developed, policy-makers need more information on the socioeconomic burden of ev71 hfmd infection. based on the 2011 population dat ... | 2016 | 26159305 |
| enterovirus 71 infection in children with hand, foot, and mouth disease in shanghai, china: epidemiology, clinical feature and diagnosis. | in 2012 a large outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) widely spread over china, causing more than 2 million cases and 567 deaths. our purpose was to characterize the major pathogens responsible for the 2012 hfmd outbreak and analyze the genetic characterization of the enterovirus 71 (ev71) strains in shanghai; also, to analyze the dynamic patterns of neutralizing antibody (nab) against ev71 and evaluate the diagnostic value of several methods for clinical detection of ev71. | 2015 | 26036928 |
| severe enterovirus type 71 nervous system infections in children in the shanghai region of china: clinical manifestations and implications for prevention and care. | severe outbreaks of enterovirus 71 (ev71) have been on the rise in the western pacific region, including in china since 2007. we describe features of pediatric patients admitted with severe disease ev71 to a tertiary care hospital during the 2010 ongoing outbreak in the shanghai region. | 2014 | 24732390 |
| the population-based health effect of hand, foot and mouth disease in children in shanghai. | an effective enterovirus 71 (ev71) vaccine is needed to control the annual outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) in china. adequate epidemiologic data relating to hfmd are needed to make decisions about appropriate public health interventions and implementation of the new ev71 vaccine. | 2014 | 24153009 |
| [recombination analysis of enterovirus 71 strain isolated in guangzhou, 2009]. | to describe the recombination features of human enterovirus 71 strain guangzhou09 isolated in guangzhou in 2009, the complete nucleotide sequences of guangzhou09 were analyzed by various of bioinformatics software. phylogenetic analysis based on p1, p2 and p3 regions indicated that recombination occurred between ev71 and cva4. phylogenetic, similarity plot and bootscan analysis further revealed the recombination between ev71 genotype c strain shanghai-fj713317 and cva4 strain hq728260 at region ... | 2013 | 23905474 |
| seroepidemiology of enterovirus 71 infection prior to the 2011 season in children in shanghai. | in 2010, china experienced the largest outbreak on record of enterovirus 71 (ev71)-associated hand foot and mouth disease (hfmd) with more than 1.7 million cases, 27,000 patients with severe neurological complications and 905 deaths. understanding of the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies (nab) against ev71 and their protective role against hfmd in children is crucial for the implementation of future therapeutic and prophylactic intervention. | 2012 | 22265829 |