| comparative development of temperate zone and arctic isolates of trichinella spiralis in the white mouse. | | 1971 | 5090960 |
| isolation of eubacterium suis from sows with cystitis. | eubacterium suis was isolated from the bladders of 3 of 64 sows (4.7%) examined at slaughter. two of the sows had cystitis similar to other descriptions of e suis infections in sows. there was no histologic evidence of cystitis in the third sow from which e suis was recovered. in all 3 instances, a mixed infection was present. other bacteria present were predominantly gram-positive organisms. eubacterium suis cystitis may be more prevalent than previously suspected. the special culture condition ... | 1989 | 2808100 |
| from pigsties to hog heaven? | in the continuing transformation of u.s. agriculture, north carolina finds itself on the front edge of change. between 1989 and 1998, the number of hogs in the state's pork industry quintupled---and so has the amount of hog waste that must be disposed of. now the state has engaged private and public resources in a rapid search for better ways for handling hog waste. a technology review panel has approved the first round of proposals for a number of novel technologies to be developed through fund ... | 2001 | 11485887 |
| the dismal swamp operation. | | 1971 | 5153875 |
| north carolina protests chinese pig cartel. | | 1990 | 2356465 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis e virus in veterinarians working with swine and in normal blood donors in the united states and other countries. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is endemic in many developing and some industrialized countries. it has been hypothesized that animals may be the source of infection. the recent identification of swine hev in u.s. pigs and the demonstration of its ability to infect across species have lent credence to this hypothesis. to assess the potential risk of zoonotic hev infection, we tested a total of 468 veterinarians working with swine (including 389 u.s. swine veterinarians) and 400 normal u.s. blood donors ... | 2002 | 11773103 |
| survey of trichinosis in breeding and cull swine, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | serum samples obtained from 40,927 swine at various locations in north carolina between aug 1, 1987 and july 31, 1988, were tested for antibodies to trichinella spiralis, using an elisa based on a larval t spiralis excretory-secretory antigen. in the elisa, samples were considered to have positive results if the optical density (od) reading was equal to or 5 times greater than the mean od value of 4 negative-control sera from trichina-free swine. of the 40,927 serum samples tested, 154 (0.38%) w ... | 1990 | 2368950 |
| an epidemic of echovirus 18 meningitis. | the first reported outbreak of echovirus 18 meningitis in the united states occurred during the summer of 1972 in durham, north carolina. one hundred three cases of aseptic meningitis were seen at duke university medical center over a period of four months. most of the patients were less than 25 years old, black, and residents of durham county or nearby counties.. symptoms included headache (92%), fever (76%), nuchal rigidity (67%), and nausea and/or vomiting (51%). in contrast to previously pub ... | 1975 | 1167369 |
| risk factors associated with salmonella enterica prevalence in three-site swine production systems in north carolina, usa. | the goal of this study was to identify risk factors associated with increased fecal shedding of salmonella enterica (se) in groups of market swine reared in large three-site production units. we conducted an intensive, long-term investigation of potential management and environmental risk factors operating during the growing phase of pig production. data regarding finisher site characteristics, biosecurity protocols, group growth performance, medication usage, and environmental temperature were ... | 2001 | 11570171 |
| antibody levels to hepatitis e virus in north carolina swine workers, non-swine workers, swine, and murids. | in a cross-sectional serosurvey, eastern north carolina swine workers (n = 165) were compared with non-swine workers (127) for the presence of antibodies to hepatitis e virus as measured by a quantitative immunoglobulin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. using a cutoff of 20 walter reed u/ml, swine-exposed subjects had a 4.5-fold higher antibody prevalence (10.9%) than unexposed subjects (2.4%). no evidence of past clinical hepatitis e or unexplained jaundice could be elicited. swine (84) and mi ... | 2002 | 12164292 |
| survey of aflatoxicosis in farm animals. | over a 22-month period, 278 submissions of farm animals were made to the north carolina diagnostic laboratory for suspected aflatoxicosis, and 94 cases were confirmed on the basis of finding aflatoxin in the feed and the occurrence of bile ductule proliferation. there was an annual variation in the incidence of aflatoxicosis, as well as a seasonal variation: the peak incidence occurred in the winter, and the minimum incidence occurred during the summer. the annual increase coincided with the cor ... | 1976 | 938033 |
| genetic variation and phylogenetic analyses of the orf5 gene of acute porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates. | swine herds in the us have experienced recent outbreaks of a severe form of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (designated acute or atypical prrs) characterized by abortion and high mortality in pregnant sows. most of the affected herds had been vaccinated with modified live-vaccines (mlvs) against prrs. to explore the possible mechanism of the emergence of acute prrs, the open reading frame 5 (orf5) gene encoding the major envelope protein (gp5) of acute prrsv isolates was characteri ... | 2001 | 11574173 |
| environmental injustice in north carolina's hog industry. | rapid growth and the concentration of hog production in north carolina have raised concerns of a disproportionate impact of pollution and offensive odors on poor and nonwhite communities. we analyzed the location and characteristics of 2,514 intensive hog operations in relation to racial, economic, and water source characteristics of census block groups, neighborhoods with an average of approximately 500 households each. we used poisson regression to evaluate the extent to which relationships be ... | 2000 | 10706528 |
| isolation of salmonella serotypes from feces of pigs raised in a multiple-site production system. | to determine the prevalence and serotypes of salmonella organisms in feces of pigs raised in a modern, multiple-site production system. | 1998 | 9638195 |
| intensive livestock operations, health, and quality of life among eastern north carolina residents. | people who live near industrial swine operations have reported decreased health and quality of life. to investigate these issues, we surveyed residents of three rural communities, one in the vicinity of an approximately 6,000-head hog operation, one in the vicinity of two intensive cattle operations, and a third rural agricultural area without livestock operations that use liquid waste management systems. trained interviewers obtained information about health symptoms and reduced quality of life ... | 2000 | 10706529 |
| prevalence of salmonella in finishing swine raised in different production systems in north carolina, usa. | we compared the prevalence of salmonella in faecal samples from finishing pigs and in feed samples from swine herds in north carolina, usa. farms were either finishing sites using all-in/all-out management of buildings in multiple-site systems (14 farms) or farrow-to-finish systems using continuous flow management of finishing barns (15 farms). the two groups of herds differed with respect to several management variables. salmonella were isolated from 565 of 2288 (24.6%) faecal samples and from ... | 1997 | 9363023 |
| risk of shedding salmonella organisms by market-age hogs in a barn with open-flush gutters. | to compare prevalence of fecal shedding of salmonella organisms and serum antibodies to salmonella sp in market-age pigs housed in barns with partially slotted floors or solid floors with open-flush gutters. | 1997 | 9057924 |
| of hogs and men. does north carolina's hog industry raise the risk of infectious disease? | | 1998 | 9455131 |
| brucellosis outbreak at a pork processing plant--north carolina, 1992. | | 1994 | 8309458 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and trichinella spiralis in finishing swine raised in different production systems in north carolina, usa. | we compared the seroprevalence of both toxoplasma gondii and trichinella spiralis in finishing pigs raised in different production systems in north carolina, usa. farms were either finishing sites using all-in/all-out management of buildings in multiple-site systems (14 farms) or farrow-to-finish systems using continuous-flow management of finishing barns or outdoor accommodation 14 farms). the two groups of herds differed with respect to several management variables. a total of 13 of 2238 sampl ... | 1998 | 9677628 |
| lessons from the flood: will floyd change livestock farming? | when hurricane floyd struck eastern north carolina in september 1999, as many as 50 waste lagoons, many of them several acres in size, were inundated by flood waters. five lagoons breached, and waterborne animal waste produced nutrient pollution and raised the potential for exposure to pathogens and the risk of disease. as the state recovers, a common question being asked is whether state livestock regulations, particularly regarding facility siting and waste management methods, will be revised ... | 2000 | 10656866 |
| geographic information systems for animal health management and disease control. | | 1996 | 8944809 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. brucellosis outbreak at a pork processing plant--north carolina, 1992. | | 1994 | 8196106 |
| fatal animal attacks in north carolina over an 18-year period. | injuries from animals are very common, but fortunately deaths are rare. few studies, however, have evaluated human deaths due to both venomous and nonvenomous animals. utilizing the medical examiner's data base, this study examines deaths due to venomous and nonvenomous wild and domestic animals in north carolina. during 1972-1989, there were 92 deaths reported. seven categories of "type of animal" involved in the attack were developed. deaths were most likely to occur from june through november ... | 1994 | 8074110 |
| rocky mountain spotted fever vaccine: a regional need. | because the killed rickettsia vaccines have failed to provide protection against rocky mountain spotted fever, we approached the problem of protective immunity to rickettsia rickettsii with a closely related, live, less pathogenic spotted fever rickettsia. guinea pigs vaccinated with r conorii produced antibodies to spotted fever group rickettsiae and did not have fever or other signs of illness after challenge with r rickettsii. a vaccine against rocky mountain spotted fever would be useful in ... | 1984 | 6424239 |
| studies on a virus from a patient with fort bragg fever (pretibial fever) by hugh tatlock (the journal of clinical investigation 26:287-297, 1947). | | 1982 | 7041222 |
| outbreak of brucellosis at a united states pork packing plant. | in 1992, the north carolina department of environment, health, and natural resources received 18 case reports of brucellosis from a county health department. all patients had potential exposure to the kill floor of one pork processing plant. a subsequent national institute for occupational safety and health health hazard evaluation surveyed 154 (99%) of 156 kill floor workers of this plant and found that 30 (19%) had evidence of recent (or persistent) brucellosis. these data show that significan ... | 1995 | 7670916 |
| prevalence and distribution of sarcocystis sp among wild swine of southeastern united states. | digestive techniques revealed sarcocystis sp infection in 62 of 192 (32%) wild swine collected in alabama, arkansas, georgia, louisiana, mississippi, north carolina, south carolina, tennessee, virginia, and west virginia. sarcosporidia were not detected in wild swine of florida and were rarely found in the lower coastal plains of georgia, mississippi, and south carolina. swine from mountainous terrain in north carolina, tennessee, and west virginia and bottomland floodplain regions of alabama, a ... | 1981 | 6799467 |
| biology of the mycobacterioses. identification of the tuberculous-infected by skin tests. | | 1968 | 5266317 |
| regional and processor variation in the ileal digestible amino acid content of soybean meals measured in growing swine. | to assess differences in soybean meal quality related to region of production, researchers in illinois, kansas, north carolina, the netherlands, and ohio collected four soybean meal samples processed locally at least 15 d apart. these samples were assayed for ileal amino acid digestibility by pigs using a common soybean meal and a soy protein concentrate as references, and a low-protein casein diet for determination of endogenous amino acid losses. digestibility was determined at each university ... | 2002 | 11883431 |
| characterization of a swine-like reassortant h1n2 influenza virus isolated from a wild duck in the united states. | an h1n2 influenza virus (a/duck/north carolina/91347/01) (dk/nc) was isolated from a wild duck in the united states in 2001. genetic analyses showed that this duck virus has the same human/classical swine/avian reassortant genotype as the h1n2 viruses that have been isolated from pigs and turkeys in the us since 1999. phylogenetic analyses of each gene segment further confirmed that the dk/nc virus is closely related to the domestic animal h1n2 isolates. in particular, dk/nc is most closely rela ... | 2003 | 12727349 |
| social responsibility and research ethics in community-driven studies of industrialized hog production. | environmental health research can document exposures and health effects that result from inequitable relationships between communities of low income or people of color and the institutions that derive benefits (profits, federal and state funding or services, avoidance of wastes) from activities and policies that burden these communities. researchers, most of whom work in relatively privileged institutions, are placed in situations of conflicting loyalties if they conduct research in collaboratio ... | 2002 | 12003746 |
| the potential impact of flooding on confined animal feeding operations in eastern north carolina. | thousands of confined animal feeding operations (cafos) have been constructed in eastern north carolina. the fecal waste pit and spray field waste management systems used by these operations are susceptible to flooding in this low-lying region. to investigate the potential that flood events can lead to environmental dispersion of animal wastes containing numerous biologic and chemical hazards, we compared the geographic coordinates of 2,287 cafos permitted by the north carolina division of water ... | 2002 | 11940456 |
| federalism: how the principle works on state and local levels. | | 2002 | 12555764 |
| critical evaluation of an anthelmintic for swine. | | 1965 | 14324605 |
| environmentally superior technologies for swine waste management. | the high nitrogen content of animal waste provides opportunities for processing to marketable byproducts and challenges for proper management to avoid harmful impacts. technologies are being developed to conserve and utilize nitrogen as well as other valuable constituents in animal waste. advanced treatment technologies are also being developed for housing/waste management systems that address public concerns and protect soil, water and air quality. smithfield foods, premium standard farms and f ... | 2004 | 15137402 |
| medicaid outpatient utilization for waterborne pathogenic illness following hurricane floyd. | flooding provides an opportunity for epidemics of waterborne viral, protozoan, or bacterial diseases to develop in affected areas. epidemic levels of disease may translate into higher than average levels of health services use, depending in part on help-seeking behaviors. the authors investigated whether the flooding that occurred as a result of hurricane floyd in september 1999 was associated with an increase in outpatient visits for waterborne diseases among medicaid enrollees in eastern north ... | 2004 | 15313110 |
| nitrogen availability of anaerobic swine lagoon sludge: sludge source effects. | increased numbers of swine producers will be removing sludge from their anaerobic waste treatment lagoons in the next few years, due to sludge exceeding designed storage capacity. information on availability of nitrogen (n) in the sludge is needed to improve application recommendations for crops. the objective of this study was to investigate possible effects of different companies and types of swine operations on the availability of n in sludge from their associated lagoons. a laboratory incuba ... | 2005 | 15474933 |
| a model approach for developing effective local public health policies: a north carolina county responds to large-scale hog production. | when intensive livestock operations or other large-scale industrial facilities pose a threat to public health, elected officials have a responsibility to ensure that the public's health is protected. local policymakers need to guarantee that the process offers ample opportunity for balanced community input, and that the policy base is sound and well reasoned. government officials need to manage the process so that balanced perspectives are presented and respectfully heard. a model approach, simi ... | 2002 | 15156647 |
| bayesian modeling of animal- and herd-level prevalences. | we reviewed bayesian approaches for animal-level and herd-level prevalence estimation based on cross-sectional sampling designs and demonstrated fitting of these models using the winbugs software. we considered estimation of infection prevalence based on use of a single diagnostic test applied to a single herd with binomial and hypergeometric sampling. we then considered multiple herds under binomial sampling with the primary goal of estimating the prevalence distribution and the proportion of i ... | 2004 | 15579338 |
| comparison of farmers in the agricultural health study to the 1992 and the 1997 censuses of agriculture. | the agricultural health study (ahs) is a large, prospective cohort study in the states of iowa and north carolina that has been developed to better understand how pesticides and other agricultural exposures relate to the occurrence of cancer and other diseases. | 2005 | 15927914 |
| sequence variation among group iii f-specific rna coliphages from water samples and swine lagoons. | typing of f-specific rna (frna) coliphages has been proposed as a useful method for distinguishing human from animal fecal contamination in environmental samples. group ii and iii frna coliphages are generally associated with human wastes, but several exceptions have been noted. in the present study, we have genotyped and partially sequenced group iii frna coliphage field isolates from swine lagoons in north carolina (nc) and south carolina (sc), along with isolates from surface waters and munic ... | 2006 | 16461670 |
| development of environmentally superior treatment system to replace anaerobic swine lagoons in the usa. | a full-scale treatment system for swine manure was developed to eliminate discharge to surface and ground waters and contamination of soil and groundwater by nutrients and heavy metals, along with related release of ammonia, odor, and pathogens. the system greatly increased the efficiency of liquid-solid separation by polymer injection to increase solids flocculation. nitrogen management to reduce ammonia emissions was accomplished by passing the liquid through a module where bacteria transforme ... | 2007 | 16919936 |
| asthma symptoms among adolescents who attend public schools that are located near confined swine feeding operations. | little is known about the health effects of living in close proximity to industrial swine operations. we assessed the relationship between estimated exposure to airborne effluent from confined swine feeding operations and asthma symptoms among adolescents who were aged 12 to 14 years. | 2006 | 16818539 |
| odor from industrial hog farming operations and mucosal immune function in neighbors. | the authors evaluated whether exposure to malodor from industrial hog farming operations has a psychophysiologically mediated immunosuppressive effect on secretory immunoglobulin a (siga) in neighbors. fifteen adults living within 2.4 km (1.5 mi) of at least one hog farming operation rated odor intensity on a 9-point scale and provided saliva samples twice daily for two weeks. the authors used hierarchical regression to model the association between reported odor and siga; study participants wer ... | 2004 | 16075904 |
| nitrate movement in shallow ground water from swine-lagoon-effluent spray fields managed under current application regulations. | rapid increases in the swine (sus scrofa domestica) population in the 1990s and associated potential for nitrate n pollution of surface waters led the state of north carolina to adopt stringent waste management regulations in 1993. our objectives were to characterize (i) nitrate n movement from waste application fields (wafs) in shallow ground water, and (ii) soil, hydrologic, and biological factors influencing the amount of nitrate n in the adjacent stream. a ground water monitoring study was c ... | 2005 | 16151235 |
| seroprevalence of and risk factors for toxoplasma gondii in the us swine herd using sera collected during the national animal health monitoring survey (swine 2006). | the united states department of agriculture (usda) initiated the national animal health monitoring system (nahms) in 1983 to collect, analyse and disseminate data on animal health, management and productivity in us domestic livestock populations, including swine. the programme includes an on-farm serological sampling component which can be used to monitor seroprevalence of various pathogens, including toxoplasma gondii. the purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of t. gondii i ... | 2010 | 19744304 |
| interdisciplinary workshop yields new entomological data for forensic sciences: chrysomya rufifacies (diptera: calliphoridae) established in north carolina. | abstract workshops are used for educating law enforcement personnel on the application of entomological, anthropological, and botanical techniques to gather forensically important information from a body recovery site. from 8 to 11 june 2004, such a workshop was conducted in the metropolitan area of charlotte, nc, by the american academy of applied forensics at central piedmont community college. for this workshop, three pig carcasses weighing individually between 40 and 60 kg were placed in the ... | 2006 | 17162965 |
| detection and occurrence of antimicrobially resistant e. coli in groundwater on or near swine farms in eastern north carolina. | the use of antibiotics for growth promotion and disease treatment by the commercial swine industry has led to high proportions of multiple antibiotic-resistant enteric bacteria being shed by these animals and concerns about the environmental spread of these bacteria. a study was conducted to quantify the extent of release of antibiotic-resistant e. coli from swine farms into groundwater. four study sites, two swine farms and two reference sites (crop farms), with known groundwater flow paths wer ... | 2006 | 17037155 |
| estrogenic activity and steroid hormones in swine wastewater through a lagoon constructed-wetland system. | anaerobic lagoons and treatment wetlands are used worldwide to treat wastewater from dense livestock production facilities; however, there is very limited data on the hormonal activity of the wastewater effluent produced by these treatment systems. the objectives of this experiment were to measure (1) the hormonal activity of the initial effluent and (2) the effectiveness of a lagoon-constructed wetland treatment system for producing an effluent with a low hormonal activity. wastewater samples w ... | 2007 | 17310705 |
| source-related transport of phosphorus in surface runoff. | continual application of mineral fertilizer and manures to meet crop production goals has resulted in the buildup of soil p concentrations in many areas. a rainfall simulation study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the application of p sources differing in water-soluble p (wsp) concentration on p transport in runoff from two grassed and one no-till soil (2 m(2) plots). triple superphosphate (tsp)-79% wsp, low-grade single superphosphate (lgssp)-50% wsp, north carolina rock phosphate (ncrp ... | 2006 | 17071893 |
| detection of two porcine circovirus type 2 genotypic groups in united states swine herds. | in late 2005, sporadic cases of an acute onset disease of high mortality were observed in 10- to 16-week-old growing pigs among several swine herds of the united states. tissues from the affected pigs in kansas, iowa, and north carolina were examined, and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) was detected consistently among these tissues. phylogenetically, pcv2 can be divided into two major genotypic groups, pcv2-group 1 and pcv2-group 2. whereas pcv2-group 1 isolates were detected in all the disease ... | 2007 | 17219018 |
| prevalence of salmonella in diverse environmental farm samples. | the development of suitable intervention strategies to control salmonella populations at the farm level requires reliable data on the occurrence and prevalence of the pathogen. previous studies on salmonella prevalence have focused on acquiring data from specific farm types and/or selected regions. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution of this pathogen across a variety of farm types and regions in order to generate comparative data from a diverse group of environmental sampl ... | 2006 | 17133798 |
| emergence and re-emergence of vesicular stomatitis in the united states. | vesicular stomatitis (vs) is an important disease of cattle, horses and pigs. the causal agent is an arbovirus; vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) of which two distinct serotypes new jersey (nj) and indiana (in) have been described. the clinical signs in cattle and pigs are undistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease (fmd), one of the most devastating viral infections of livestock. vsv is the most important cause of vesicular disease in fmd-free countries in the americas, causing thousands of ou ... | 2002 | 12034487 |
| emergency department resuscitative procedures: animal laboratory training improves procedural competency and speed. | certain resuscitative procedures can be lifesaving, but are performed infrequently by emergency medicine (em) residents on human subjects. alternative training methods for gaining procedural proficiency must be explored and tested. | 2002 | 12045070 |
| potential geographic distribution of atmospheric nitrogen deposition from intensive livestock production in north carolina, usa. | to examine the consequences of increased spatial aggregation of livestock production facilities, we estimated the annual production of nitrogen in livestock waste in north carolina, usa, and analyzed the potential distribution of atmospheric nitrogen deposition from confined animal feeding operations ("cafo") lagoons. north carolina is a national center for industrial livestock production. livestock is increasingly being raised in cafos, where waste is frequently held, essentially untreated, in ... | 2008 | 18417189 |
| impact of odor from industrial hog operations on daily living activities. | intensive industrial animal production systems worldwide require confinement of large numbers of animals in small spaces and concentration of enormous quantities of waste. industrial hog operations, in particular, have raised public concerns about their adverse impact on public health and sustainable development. using a community-based participatory research approach and qualitative interviews, we explored people's perception of the impact of odor from these industries on daily living activitie ... | 2008 | 18511396 |
| integrating epidemiology, education, and organizing for environmental justice: community health effects of industrial hog operations. | the environmental justice movement has stimulated community-driven research about the living and working conditions of people of color and low-income communities. we describe an epidemiological study designed to link research with community education and organizing for social justice. in eastern north carolina, high-density industrial swine production occurs in communities of low-income people and people of color. we investigated relationships between the resulting pollution and the health and q ... | 2008 | 18556620 |
| characterizing ammonia emissions from swine farms in eastern north carolina: part 2--potential environmentally superior technologies for waste treatment. | the need for developing environmentally superior and sustainable solutions for managing the animal waste at commercial swine farms in eastern north carolina has been recognized in recent years. program open (odor, pathogens, and emissions of nitrogen), funded by the north carolina state university animal and poultry waste management center (apwmc), was initiated and charged with the evaluation of potential environmentally superior technologies (ests) that have been developed and implemented at s ... | 2008 | 18817107 |
| back-trajectory analysis and source-receptor relationships: particulate matter and nitrogen isotopic composition in rainwater. | the southeastern portion of north carolina features a dense crop and animal agricultural region; previous research suggests that this agricultural presence emits a significant portion of the state's nitrogen (i.e., oxides of nitrogen and ammonia) emissions. these findings indicate that transporting air over this region can affect nitrogen concentrations in precipitation at sites as far as 50 mi away. the study combined nitrate nitrogen isotope data with back-trajectory analysis to examine the re ... | 2008 | 18817114 |
| characterizing ammonia emissions from swine farms in eastern north carolina: part 1--conventional lagoon and spray technology for waste treatment. | ammonia (nh3) fluxes from waste treatment lagoons and barns at two conventional swine farms in eastern north carolina were measured. the waste treatment lagoon data were analyzed to elucidate the temporal (seasonal and diurnal) variability and to derive regression relationships between nh3 flux and lagoon temperature, ph and ammonium content of the lagoon, and the most relevant meteorological parameters. nh3 fluxes were measured at various sampling locations on the lagoons by a flowthrough dynam ... | 2008 | 18817106 |
| modeling studies of ammonia dispersion and dry deposition at some hog farms in north carolina. | a modeling study was conducted on dispersion and dry deposition of ammonia taking one hog farm as a unit. the ammonia emissions used in this study were measured under our open (odor, pathogens, and emissions of nitrogen) project over a waste lagoon and from hog barns. meteorological data were also collected at the farm site. the actual layout of barns and lagoons on the farms was used to simulate dry deposition downwind of the farm. dry deposition velocity, dispersion, and dry deposition of ammo ... | 2008 | 18817112 |
| microbes in the air near swine farms--more or less. | | 2008 | 19192769 |
| detection and molecular characterization of swine hepatitis e virus in north carolina swine herds and their faecal wastes. | recent findings of almost genetically indistinguishable swine and human strains, have suggested swine play a role in the transmission of hepatitis e virus (hev). the extent to which hev may be present and persist in the faecal waste generated from intensive swine operations is largely unknown. the fate of swine waste liquid is often land application, possibly resulting in unintentional seepage into groundwater or run-off into surface waters, hence validating concerns of human exposure risks. fre ... | 2009 | 19240360 |
| do lagoons near concentrated animal feeding operations promote nitrous oxide supersaturation? | animal wastewater lagoons nearby concentrated animal feeding operations (cafos) represent the latest tendency in global animal farming, severely impacting the magnitude of greenhouse gas emissions, including nitrous oxide (n(2)o). we hypothesized that lagoon wastewater could be supersaturated with n(2)o as part of incomplete microbial nitrification/denitrification processes, thereby regulating the n(2)o partitioning in the gaseous phase. the objectives of this study were: (i) to investigate the ... | 2009 | 19246141 |
| development of a second-generation environmentally superior technology for treatment of swine manure in the usa. | new swine waste management systems in north carolina need to meet high performance standards of an environmentally superior technology (est) regarding nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals, pathogens, ammonia and odor emissions, and remain affordable and simple to operate. the objective of this study was to develop a second-generation treatment system that can achieve high est standards at reduced costs. the system used solids separation, nitrification/denitrification and phosphorus removal/disinfe ... | 2009 | 19286373 |
| development of environmentally superior technologies in the us and policy. | "environmentally superior technology" (est) represents a research initiative in north carolina (nc) to develop alternatives to lagoon treatment and land application of swine manure. est performance standards included impacts of animal waste to surface and groundwater, emission of ammonia and odor, release of disease-transmitting pathogens, and heavy metal contamination of soil and groundwater. five technologies were shown to meet these standards: a solids separation/nitrification-denitrification ... | 2009 | 19286371 |
| population genetic structure in german cockroaches (blattella germanica): differentiated islands in an agricultural landscape. | although a number of species live syanthropically with humans, few rely entirely on humans for their survival and distribution. unlike other cosmopolitan human commensals, the german cockroach (blattella germanica), an insect of both public and livestock health concern, is considered incapable of dispersal outside human dwellings. patterns of genetic association are therefore constrained and may not be associated with distance. analogies with other human-commensal species are therefore impossibl ... | 2010 | 20980363 |
| organocopper complexes during roxarsone degradation in wastewater lagoons. | organoarsenical-containing animal feeds that promote growth and resistance to parasites are mostly excreted unchanged, ending up in nearby wastewater storage lagoons. earlier work documented the partial transformation of organoarsenicals, such as, 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid (roxarsone) to the more toxic inorganic arsenate [as(v)] and 3-amino-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid (3-ahpaa). unidentified roxarsone metabolites using liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass sp ... | 2010 | 20099042 |
| long-term effects of changing land use practices on surface water quality in a coastal river and lagoonal estuary. | the watershed of the neuse river, a major tributary of the largest lagoonal estuary on the u.s. mainland, has sustained rapid growth of human and swine populations. this study integrated a decade of available land cover and water quality data to examine relationships between land use changes and surface water quality. geographic information systems (gis) analysis was used to characterize 26 subbasins throughout the watershed for changes in land use during 1992-2001, considering urban, agricultur ... | 2009 | 19597872 |
| malodor as a trigger of stress and negative mood in neighbors of industrial hog operations. | we evaluated malodor and air pollutants near industrial hog operations as environmental stressors and negative mood triggers. | 2009 | 19890165 |
| distribution of ten antibiotic resistance genes in e. coli isolates from swine manure, lagoon effluent and soil collected from a lagoon waste application field. | the prevalence of ten antibiotic resistance genes (args) was evaluated in a total of 616 escherichia coli isolates from swine manure, swine lagoon effluent, and from soils that received lagoon effluent on a commercial swine farm site in sampson county, north carolina (usa). isolates with args coding for streptomycin/spectinomycin (aada/stra and strb), tetracycline (teta and tetb), and sulfonamide (sul1) occurred most frequently (60.6-91.3%). the occurrence of e. coli isolates that carried aada, ... | 2011 | 21445627 |
| higher mental workload is associated with poorer laparoscopic performance as measured by the nasa-tlx tool. | increased workload during task performance may increase fatigue and facilitate errors. the national aeronautics and space administration-task load index (nasa-tlx) is a previously validated tool for workload self-assessment. we assessed the relationship of workload and performance during simulator training on a complex laparoscopic task. | 2010 | 21330808 |
| interspecies and intraspecies transmission of triple reassortant h3n2 influenza a viruses. | the triple reassortant h3n2 viruses were isolated for the first time from pigs in 1998 and are known to be endemic in swine and turkey populations in the united states. in 2004, we isolated two h3n2 triple reassortant viruses from two turkey breeder flocks in ohio and illinois. infected hens showed no clinical signs, but experienced a complete cessation of egg production. in this study, we evaluated three triple reassortant h3n2 isolates of turkey origin and one isolate of swine origin for their ... | 2007 | 18045494 |
| air pollution, lung function, and physical symptoms in communities near concentrated swine feeding operations. | concentrated animal feeding operations emit air pollutants that may affect health. we examined associations of reported hog odor and of monitored air pollutants with physical symptoms and lung function in people living within 1.5 miles of hog operations. | 2011 | 21228696 |
| detection of clostridium difficile and salmonella in feral swine population in north carolina. | we sampled 161 feral pigs in eastern north carolina, usa, to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of clostridium difficile and salmonella. seven (4.4%) and eight (5.0%) pigs tested positive for c. difficile and salmonella, respectively, highlighting the importance of determining the epidemiology of these pathogens in feral pigs. | 2011 | 21719851 |
| greenhouse gas emission reduction and environmental quality improvement from implementation of aerobic waste treatment systems in swine farms. | trading of greenhouse gas (ghg) emission reductions is an attractive approach to help producers implement cleaner treatment technologies to replace current anaerobic lagoons. our objectives were to estimate greenhouse gas (ghg) emission reductions from implementation of aerobic technology in usa swine farms. emission reductions were calculated using the approved united nations framework convention on climate change (unfccc) methodology in conjunction with monitoring information collected during ... | 2008 | 18060761 |
| prevalence of antibody to toxoplasma gondii and trichinella spp. in feral pigs (sus scrofa) of eastern north carolina. | feral pigs (sus scrofa) survive in many climates, reproduce year-round, and are dietary generalists. in the united states, the size and range of the feral pig population has expanded, resulting in greater interaction with humans and domestic swine and increased potential for disease transmission. we conducted a serosurvey in feral pigs from eastern north carolina to determine exposure to the zoonotic parasites, toxoplasma gondii and trichinella spp. between september 2007 and march 2009, blood s ... | 2011 | 21441186 |
| assessment of stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae) as a vector of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is a globally significant swine disease caused by an arterivirus. the virus replicates in alveolar macrophages of infected pigs, resulting in pneumonia in growing pigs and late-term abortions in sows. outbreaks occur on disparate farms within an area despite biosecurity measures, suggesting mechanical transport by arthropods. we investigated the vector potential of stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae), in the transmission ... | 2011 | 21845948 |
| environmental justice research and action: a case study in political economy and community-academic collaboration. | community-university partnerships increasingly are being created to study and address environmental injustices. this article describes a case study of one such effort and its contributions to a decade-long community struggle to curb the growth of industrial hog operations and their adverse health effects in the united states' rural south. worldwide transformation of livestock production from family farms to large-scale industrial agricultural complexes has resulted in the degradation of local en ... | 2006 | 17827092 |
| Effect of polyaluminium chloride on phosphorus removal in constructed wetlands treated with swine wastewater. | Total phosphorus (TP) removal in aged constructed wetlands poses a challenge, especially when treated with swine wastewater with high concentrations of phosphorus (P). Our earlier studies with anaerobic lagoon swine wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands showed a decline in P removal (45-22%) with increased years of operation. These particular wetlands have been treated with swine wastewater every year since the first application in 1997. Preliminary lab-scale studies were conducted to eva ... | 2011 | 22049722 |
| making contact: rooting out the potential for exposure of commercial production swine facilities to feral swine in north carolina. | despite north carolina's long history with feral swine, populations were low or absent in eastern counties until the 1990s. feral swine populations have since grown in these counties which also contain a high density of commercial production swine (cps) facilities. sixteen of the highest swine producing u.s. counties also populated with feral swine are in north carolina. disconcertingly, since 2009, positive tests for exposure to swine brucellosis or pseudorabies virus have been found for feral ... | 2011 | 21598058 |
| characterization and prevalence of a new porcine calicivirus in swine, united states. | real-time reverse transcription pcr revealed that new st-valerien-ike porcine caliciviruses are prevalent (2.6%-80%; 23.8% overall) in finisher pigs in north carolina. one strain, nc-wgp93c, shares 89.3%-89.7% genomic nucleotide identity with canadian strains. whether these viruses cause disease in pigs or humans or are of food safety concern requires further investigation. | 2011 | 21749781 |
| a serosurvey for brucella suis, classical swine fever virus, porcine circovirus type 2, and pseudorabies virus in feral swine (sus scrofa) of eastern north carolina. | as feral swine (sus scrofa) populations expand their range and the opportunity for feral swine hunting increases, there is increased potential for disease transmission that may impact humans, domestic swine, and wildlife. from september 2007 to march 2010, in 13 north carolina, usa, counties and at howell woods environmental learning center, we conducted a serosurvey of feral swine for brucella suis, pseudorabies virus (prv), and classical swine fever virus (csfv); the samples obtained at howell ... | 2012 | 22493123 |
| spatial dynamics of human-origin h1 influenza a virus in north american swine. | the emergence and rapid global spread of the swine-origin h1n1/09 pandemic influenza a virus in humans underscores the importance of swine populations as reservoirs for genetically diverse influenza viruses with the potential to infect humans. however, despite their significance for animal and human health, relatively little is known about the phylogeography of swine influenza viruses in the united states. this study utilizes an expansive data set of hemagglutinin (ha1) sequences (n = 1516) from ... | 2011 | 21695237 |
| decomposition of concealed and exposed porcine remains in the north carolina piedmont. | we examined the decomposition and subsequent insect colonization of small pig carrion (sus scrofa (l.)) placed in concealed and open environments during spring, summer, and fall in raleigh, north carolina, as a model for juvenile human remains. remains were concealed in simulated attics in three manners, ranging from minimal to well-concealed. concealment had a significant effect on the insect community colonizing the remains across all three seasons; the beetles necrobia rufipes (degeer) (cleri ... | 2016 | 26590193 |