| geographic classification of dengue-2 virus strains by antigen signature analysis. | dengue-2 virus strains from different locations were compared by t1-rnase-resistant oligonucleotide fingerprinting and antigen signature analysis. the latter technique involved construction of radioimmunoassays using monoclonal antibodies that recognize nine distinct dengue-2 type-specific and flavivirus cross-reactive epitopes over a range of antigen concentrations. a statistical method was used to align unknown dengue antigen concentrations in different strain preparations, allowing comparison ... | 1986 | 2429440 |
| molecular evolution of dengue 2 virus in puerto rico: positive selection in the viral envelope accompanies clade reintroduction. | dengue virus is a circumtropical, mosquito-borne flavivirus that infects 50-100 million people each year and is expanding in both range and prevalence. of the four co-circulating viral serotypes (denv-1 to denv-4) that cause mild to severe febrile disease, denv-2 has been implicated in the onset of dengue haemorrhagic fever (dhf) in the americas in the early 1980s. to identify patterns of genetic change since denv-2's reintroduction into the region, molecular evolution in denv-2 from puerto rico ... | 2006 | 16528038 |
| endurance, refuge, and reemergence of dengue virus type 2, puerto rico, 1986-2007. | to study the evolution of dengue virus (denv) serotype 2 in puerto rico, we examined the genetic composition and diversity of 160 denv-2 genomes obtained through 22 consecutive years of sampling. a clade replacement took place in 1994-1997 during a period of high incidence of autochthonous denv-2 and frequent, short-lived reintroductions of foreign denv-2. this unique clade replacement was complete just before denv-3 emerged. by temporally and geographically defining denv-2 lineages, we describe ... | 2011 | 21192856 |
| the dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever epidemic in puerto rico, 1994-1995. | from june 1, 1994 to may 31, 1995 a total of 24,700 cases of dengue (7.01/1,000 population) were reported to the laboratory-based surveillance system in puerto rico (1991-1994, annual average: 2.55/1,000). dengue virus 2 predominated. the earliest indicator of epidemic activity was the virus isolation rate in may 1994 (14.0% versus 5.7% average). the male-to-female ratio among cases was 1:1.1; 65.4% were younger than 30 years (the 10 to 19 year age group had the highest incidence, 11.8/1,000). a ... | 2001 | 11425166 |
| genetic variation among dengue 2 viruses of different geographic origin. | genetic variation in dengue 2 isolates from various geographic areas was examined by oligonucleotide fingerprinting of the 40 s genome rna. oligonucleotide maps of geographically isolated and epidemiologically unrelated viruses were very distinct. direct comparison of the oligonucleotide map of the dengue 2 prototype new guinea 2 virus, isolated in 1944, with the fingerprints of more recent isolates from the south pacific indicated that the genome of dengue 2 virus had undergone extensive change ... | 1983 | 6612990 |
| susceptibility of florida aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus to dengue viruses from puerto rico. | locally acquired dengue cases in the continental u.s. are rare. however, outbreaks of dengue-1 during 2009, 2010, and 2013 in florida and dengue-1 and -2 in texas suggest vulnerability to transmission. travel and commerce between puerto rico and the u.s. mainland is common, which may pose a risk for traveler-imported dengue cases. mosquitoes were collected in florida and used to evaluate their susceptibility to dengue viruses (denv) from puerto rico. aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus were suscept ... | 2014 | 25424270 |
| comparison of three methods used to isolate dengue virus type 2. | during the 1969 dengue epidemic in puerto rico, human sera and aedes aegypti mosquitoes were collected for virus isolation and identification. three methods of isolation were used and compared. in the first method, we inoculated newborn mice by the intracranial route, noted any signs of illness, and serially passed specimens in mice until virus was isolated. in the second method, we inoculated tube cultures of llc-mk(2) cells, noted any cytopathic effect (cpe), and assayed fluids for virus by pl ... | 1971 | 5002896 |