| antrodia camphorata prevents rat pheochromocytoma cells from serum deprivation-induced apoptosis. | antrodia camphorata (a. camphorata) is a rare medicinal fungus with antioxidative, vasorelaxtative, anti-inflammatory and anti-hepatitive effects. however, the neuroprotective effect has not been studied. by using serum deprivation-induced apoptosis in neuronal-like pc12 cells as a cell stress model, we found that a. camphorata is effective in preventing serum-deprived apoptosis. inhibitors of both a serine/threonine kinase and a specific protein kinase a (pka) inhibited the protective effect of ... | 2005 | 15727843 |
| ethanolic extracts of antrodia cinnamomea mycelia fermented at varied times and scales have differential effects on hepatoma cells and normal primary hepatocytes. | mycelia of antrodia cinnamomea (ac), an edible fungus native to taiwan, were produced by submerged fermentation with various fermentation times in 250 ml, 5 and 500 l fermentors and were evaluated for the effect of fermentation products on the viabilities of hep3b and hepg2 hepatoma cells and normal primary rat hepatocytes. the results showed that the ethanolic extracts of ac mycelia (from 250 ml fermentation for 8 wk and 5 and 500 l fermentations for 4 wk) possessed high antihepatoma activity. ... | 2008 | 18803715 |
| niuchangchih (antrodia camphorata) and its potential in treating liver diseases. | niuchangchih (antrodia camphorata (m. zang & c.h. su) sheng h. wu, ryvarden & t.t. chang) is a basidiomycete endemic to taiwan. it is well known as a traditional chinese medicine (tcm), and taiwanese aborigines used this species to treat liver diseases and food and drug intoxication. the compounds identified in niuchangchih are predominantly polysaccharides, triterpenoids, steroids, benzenoids and maleic/succinic acid derivatives. recent research has revealed that niuchangchih possesses extensiv ... | 2009 | 19061947 |
| chemical profiling of the cytotoxic triterpenoid-concentrating fraction and characterization of ergostane stereo-isomer ingredients from antrodia camphorata. | antrodia camphorata (ac), also known as antrodia cinnamomea, an endemic species in taiwan, is one of the treasured medicinal mushrooms. ac is traditionally used for its chemopreventive biofunctions. in this investigation, we report a convenient method for concentrating the antiproliferative active triterpenoid-rich fraction (fea), from ethanolic extract of ac (eeac). a series of stereo-isomers of zhankuic acids (1-8) from the fea was purified by hplc using an efficient acidic solvent system. the ... | 2012 | 21975021 |
| Pretreatment with an ethanolic extract of Taiwanofungus camphoratus (Antrodia camphorata) enhances the cytotoxic effects of amphotericin B. | Taiwanofungus camphoratus, a well-known Chinese medicine used in Taiwan, possesses several pharmacological functions, including anticancer effects. In the present study, we aimed to investigate a novel anticancer effect by pretreating cancer cells with an ethanolic extract of T. camphoratus (TCEE) followed by the administration of an antifungal agent amphotericin B (AmB). Both TCEE and AmB showed significant dose-dependent cytotoxicity in HT29 cells. Pretreatment with a nontoxic dose of TCEE enh ... | 2011 | 21899275 |
| compound mmh01 possesses toxicity against human leukemia and pancreatic cancer cells. | mmh01 is a compound isolated from antrodia cinnamomea. mmh01 markedly inhibited growth of human leukemia u937 and pancreatic cancer bxpc3 cells. it resulted in distinct patterns of cell cycle distribution in u937 (g2/m, sub-g1 and polyploidy) and bxpc3 cells (g0/g1 and sub-g1). the modes of cell death in u937 cells include apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe, whereas apoptosis-associated events or necrosis in bxpc3 cells. neither mitochondrial membrane permeabilization nor caspase dependence was n ... | 2009 | 19344682 |
| immunomodulatory effect of antrodia camphorata mycelia and culture filtrate. | antrodia camphorata, a precious folkloric medicinal mushroom, has been used to treat tumorigenic diseases in taiwan. this study was to investigate the innate immunity augmentation effects of different fractions prepared from hot water extracts of submerged cultured antrodia camphorata (ac). | 2008 | 18778764 |
| maleimide and maleic anhydride derivatives from the mycelia of antrodia cinnamomea and their nitric oxide inhibitory activities in macrophages. | on cultivation of the fungus antrodia cinnamomea (bcrc 36799) on a medium, the mycelium was extracted and evaluated for nitric oxide (no) inhibitory activity. bioactivity-directed fractionation led to the isolation of two new maleimide derivatives, antrocinnamomins a (1) and b (2), and two new maleic anhydride derivatives, antrocinnamomins c (3) and d (4), along with three known compounds, 3-isobutyl-4-[4-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)phenyl]furan-2,5-dione (5), 3-isobutyl-4-[4-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)p ... | 2008 | 18522430 |
| antioxidant activity of antrodia camphorata on free radical-induced endothelial cell damage. | antrodia camphorata (a. camphorata) is well known in taiwan as a traditional chinese medicine. the purpose of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity of antrodia camphorata on free radical-induced endothelial cell damage. | 2008 | 18486375 |
| comparative anti-inflammatory characterization of wild fruiting body, liquid-state fermentation, and solid-state culture of taiwanofungus camphoratus in microglia and the mechanism of its action. | taiwanofungus camphoratus (syn. antrodia camphorata), a medicinal mushroom in taiwan, is reputed to provide several therapeutic benefits, but the wild fruiting body is very rare. in this study, we used taiwanofungus camphoratus extracts from wild fruiting bodies and two types of artificial cultivation (solid-state culture and liquid-state fermentation) to examine their anti-inflammatory effects in microglia cells and their possible roles in protection against neurodegenerative diseases. first, e ... | 2007 | 17590297 |
| anti-inflammatory benzenoids from antrodia camphorata. | four new compounds, including three new benzenoids, antrocamphin a (1), antrocamphin b (2), and 2,3,4,5-tetramethoxybenzoyl chloride (3), and a new 1,3-dioxolan-2-one derivative, antrodioxolanone (4), together with 13 known compounds have been isolated from the fruiting body of antrodia camphorata. the structures of these new compounds were determined through spectral analyses including extensive 2d-nmr data. among the isolates, antrocamphin a (1), antcin a (10), and antcin b (11) exhibited pote ... | 2007 | 17559265 |
| biochemical characterization of a novel 2-cys peroxiredoxin from antrodia camphorata. | peroxiredoxins (prxs) play important roles in antioxidation and cell signaling. a gene encoding a novel 2-cys prx was identified based on sequence homology in an expressed sequence tag database of the antrodia camphorata, a medicinal mushroom found only in taiwan. the 2-cys prx cdna (940 bp) encodes a protein of 188 amino acid residues with calculated molecular mass of 20,965 da and a pi of 5.89. the coding region was subcloned into pavd10, transformed into escherichia coli, and expressed as a h ... | 2007 | 17031636 |
| neuroprotective diterpenes from the fruiting body of antrodia camphorata. | three new compounds, 19-hydroxylabda-8(17)-en-16,15-olide (1), 3beta,19-dihydroxylabda-8(17),11e-dien-16,15-olide (2), and 13-epi-3beta,19-dihydroxylabda-8(17),11e-dien-16,15-olide (3), together with four known compounds, 19-hydroxylabda-8(17),13-dien-16,15-olide (4), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (5), 14-deoxyandrographolide, and pinusolidic acid, were isolated from the fruiting bodies of antrodia camphorata. the structures of compounds 1-3 were elucidated by the analysis of their spe ... | 2006 | 16643055 |
| five new maleic and succinic acid derivatives from the mycelium of antrodia camphorata and their cytotoxic effects on llc tumor cell line. | five new maleic and succinic acid derivatives were isolated from the mycelium of antrodia camphorata. their structures were determined by various spectroscopic means. maleimide derivatives 2 and 3 showed appreciable cytotoxic activity against llc cells. | 2004 | 14738384 |
| review of biological and pharmacological activities of the endemic taiwanese bitter medicinal mushroom, antrodia camphorata (m. zang et c. h. su) sh. h. wu et al. (higher basidiomycetes). | antrodia camphorata is an extremely rare fungus native to the forested regions of taiwan. it is also a traditional chinese medicine, and taiwanese aborigines applied it for treating liver diseases and protecting from food and drug intoxication. scientific studies have demonstrated that a. camphorata crude extracts and pure compounds possess a variety of beneficial functions, such as anti-hypertensive, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, and immuno-modulatory activit ... | 2012 | 22577975 |
| taiwanofungus camphoratus (syn antrodia camphorata) extract and amphotericin b exert adjuvant effects via mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. | the use of multiple drugs in cancer therapy increases the efficacy of the potential therapeutic effects. in this study, the authors investigated the adjuvant effects of an ethanol extract of solid-state cultivated taiwanofungus camphoratus (tcee) and amphotericin b (amb) in the human cancer cell lines rpmi7951 and mg63. taiwanofungus camphoratus is a well-known chinese medicine in taiwan, and amb is a widely used antifungal agent. the authors demonstrated that tcee pretreatment followed by amb t ... | 2013 | 22791310 |
| anti-inflammatory lanostanoids and lactone derivatives from antrodia camphorata. | four new lanostanoids, ethyl lucidenate a (1), ethyl lucidenate f (2), 15-o-acetylganolucidate a (3), and 3,11,15,23-tetraoxo-27ξ-lanosta-8,16-dien-26-oic acid (4), and two new lactone derivatives, 5-hydroxy-5-(methoxymethyl)-4-methylfuran-2(5h)-one (5) and 3-(4-methoxy-2-oxo-2h-pyran-6-yl)propanoic acid (6), together with four known compounds, 11α-hydroxy-3,7-dioxolanost-8,24(e)-dien-26- oic acid (7), 3,7,11-trioxo-5α-lanosta-8,24(e)-dien-26-oic acid (8), methyl 3,7,11,12,15,23-hexaoxo-5α-lanos ... | 2013 | 23517145 |
| genomic and transcriptomic analyses of the medicinal fungus antrodia cinnamomea for its metabolite biosynthesis and sexual development. | antrodia cinnamomea, a polyporus mushroom of taiwan, has long been used as a remedy for cancer, hypertension, and hangover, with an annual market of over $100 million (us) in taiwan. we obtained a 32.15-mb genome draft containing 9,254 genes. genome ontology enrichment and pathway analyses shed light on sexual development and the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, ergostanes, antroquinonol, and antrocamphin. we identified genes differentially expressed between mycelium and fruiting ... | 2014 | 25336756 |
| metabolites identification and multi-component pharmacokinetics of ergostane and lanostane triterpenoids in the anticancer mushroom antrodia cinnamomea. | antrodia cinnamomea is a precious medicinal mushroom popularly used for adjuvant cancer therapy in taiwan. its major bioactive constituents are ergostane and lanostane triterpenoids. although clinical trials for a. cinnamomea have been recently initiated, its metabolism remains unclear. the present study aims to elucidate the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of a. cinnamomea in rats. after oral administration of an ethanol extract, 18 triterpenoids and 8 biotransformed metabolites were detected i ... | 2015 | 25912848 |
| effects of antrodia camphorata extracts on anti-oxidation, anti-mutagenesis and protection of dna against hydroxyl radical damage. | antrodia camphorata is a geographically special fungus and is one of the precious traditional medicines of taiwan. a lot of reports have addressed its antioxidant activities and anticancer activities. in order to understand whether these protection effects were resulted from its ability of preventing dna against hydroxyl radical damage, the a. camphorata extract was used to examine its antioxidant, antimutagenic and dna-protective activities. | 2015 | 26179175 |
| apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells induced by nanoencapsulated polysaccharides extracted from antrodia camphorata. | antrodia camphorata is a well-known medicinal mushroom in taiwan and has been studied for decades, especially with focus on anti-cancer activity. polysaccharides are the major bioactive compounds reported with anti-cancer activity, but the debates on how they target cells still remain. research addressing the encapsulation of polysaccharides from a. camphorata extract (ace) to enhance anti-cancer activity is rare. in this study, ace polysaccharides were nano-encapsulated in chitosan-silica and s ... | 2015 | 26327534 |
| metabolite profiling and comparison of bioactivity in antrodia cinnamomea and antrodia salmonea fruiting bodies. | antrodia cinnamomea is a precious edible mushroom endemic to taiwan that has been claimed to have significant health promotion activities. antrodia salmonea is a new species of the genus antrodia. in this study, we compared the metabolites and bioactivity of a. cinnamomea and a. salmonea fruiting bodies. the volatiles of a. cinnamomea and a. salmonea were characterized and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde was found to be the most abundant compound in a. cinnamomea; the other abundant compounds were ... | 2016 | 26550789 |
| the ethanolic extract of taiwanofungus camphoratus (antrodia camphorata) induces cell cycle arrest and enhances cytotoxicity of cisplatin and doxorubicin on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. | taiwanofungus camphoratus (synonym antrodia camphorata) is a widely used medicinal fungus in the folk medicine of taiwan with several pharmacological features such as anti-inflammatory, liver protection, antihypertensive, and antioxidative activities. the ethanolic extract of t. camphoratus (tcee) which contains abundant bioactive compounds including triterpenoids and polysaccharides also has antitumor effects in various human cancer cell lines. the aims of this study are to clarify the antitumo ... | 2015 | 26557666 |
| pks63787, a polyketide synthase gene responsible for the biosynthesis of benzenoids in the medicinal mushroom antrodia cinnamomea. | antrodia cinnamomea, a unique resupinate basidiomycete endemic to taiwan, has potent medicinal activities. the reddish basidiocarps and mycelia generally exhibit abundant metabolites and higher biological activity. to investigate the pigments of a. cinnamomea, polyketide synthase (pks) genes were characterized based on its partially deciphered genome and the construction of a fosmid library. furthermore, a gene disruption platform was established via protoplast transformation and homologous reco ... | 2016 | 27227778 |
| identification of the orsellinic acid synthase pks63787 for the biosynthesis of antroquinonols in antrodia cinnamomea. | antrodia cinnamomea, an endemic basidiomycete used as a health food in taiwan, is known to synthesize antroquinonols, which were reported to have notable medicinal potential in oncology and immunology. however, the biosynthetic pathway of these compounds is currently unclear. our previous study showed that a pks63787 knockout mutant of a. cinnamomea (∆pks63787) is deficient in the biosynthesis of several aromatic metabolites. in this study, we pointed by phylogenetic analysis that pks63787 likel ... | 2017 | 28255687 |
| constituents from solid-cultured antrodia camphorata. | antrodia camphorata is a rare and precious traditional food and medicine for improving health-related conditions in taiwan. the phytochemical research of the mushroom led to the isolation of a new naphthalenecarboxaldehyde, named as 1-naphthalenecarboxaldehyde,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5,8a-trimethyl (1). meanwhile, seven other known compounds of nerolidol (2), cadinol (3), herbarulide (4), 3β-hydroxy-5a,8a-epidioxyergosta-6,22-diene (5), ergosta-7,22-diene-3,6-dione (6) 2, ... | 2017 | 28768421 |
| meroterpenoids from a medicinal fungus antrodia cinnamomea. | antrodia cinnamomea, a medicinal fungus indigenous to taiwan, has been shown to exhibit a broad spectrum of bioactivities for the treatments of alcoholic intoxication, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fatigue, and a number of active principles have been identified. among the bioactive entities, clinical trials of antroquinonol and 4-acetyl antroquinonol b are being carried out for curing cancer, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperlipidemia. the total synthesis of antroquinonol has been achieved; howeve ... | 2017 | 28898082 |
| characterization of the 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase gene from antrodia cinnamomea and enhancement of cytotoxic triterpenoid compound production. | antrodia cinnamomea is a scarce, epiphyte, host-specific, brown-rot fungus that produces diverse bioactive compounds with potent biological activity. natural wild-type fruiting bodies of a. cinnamomea are rare and highly valued, but their artificial culture poses challenges. triterpenoids are a group of secondary metabolites that contribute to the bioactivities of a. cinnamomea. 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase (osc) is a key enzyme in triterpenoid biosynthesis, which converts 2,3-oxidosqualene (os) in ... | 2015 | 26125648 |
| proteomic analysis of differently cultured endemic medicinal mushroom antrodia cinnamomea t.t. chang et w.n. chou from taiwan. | antrodia cinnamomea is peculiar to taiwan. it only grows on one host and is highly valued as an important component of several traditional chinese medicines. in this study, the different protein expression profiles of artificially cultivated vegetative mycelium and wild-type basidiomatal fruiting bodies were compared and unique protein spots from wild-type basidiomatal fruiting body were investigated using 2d polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and lc-ms/ms protein identification. most of the wil ... | 2011 | 22324413 |