| the geographic spread and temporal increase of the lyme disease epidemic. | to describe the temporal and geographic progression of the lyme disease epidemic in new york state from 1977 through 1989. | 1991 | 1870248 |
| babesia microti, human babesiosis, and borrelia burgdorferi in connecticut. | babesia microti was isolated from a white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus) that was captured in southeastern connecticut in 1988, when the first human case of babesiosis acquired in connecticut was recognized. to date, 13 cases of babesiosis have been reported in connecticut, the largest number of human cases reported on the mainland united states. two of nine patients quiried remembered a prior tick bite. since babesia parasites are known to be vectored only by ticks, we surmise that 12 of th ... | 1991 | 1757548 |
| third-year evaluation of host-targeted permethrin for the control of ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) in southeastern connecticut. | the impact of commercially available permethrin-treated cotton balls targeted at ixodes dammini spielman, clifford, piesman & corwin on white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus, was evaluated for a third year at five residential sites in south-central connecticut. each site had been treated twice each year from 1989 through 1991 with sufficient product to treat 0.4 ha of mouse habitat, and results were compared with five untreated sites. there were no significant differences in the number of host- ... | 1992 | 1495085 |
| effectiveness of host-targeted permethrin in the control of ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) | tubes of commercially available permethrin-treated cotton balls were distributed twice each year in 1989 and 1990 at five sites in a lyme disease endemic area in connecticut. five additional sites were not treated. at each application, 48 tubes, sufficient to treat 0.4 ha, were dispersed at 10-m intervals through woodlands, around ornamental plantings, and along rockwalls. the cotton was collected by white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) from the majority of the tubes, which resulted in a decr ... | 1991 | 1941927 |
| erythema chronicum migrans and lyme arthritis: epidemiologic evidence for a tick vector. | forty-three residents of 12 contiguous connecticut communities were identified who had the onset of erythema chronicum migrans, lyme arthritis, or both during the summer and fall of 1977. nine of them (21%) remembered having been bitten by a tick at the site of the initial skin lesion a median of 12 days (range 3-20) before onset; one patient brought in the tick for identification (ixodes scapularis). compared to 64 of their neighbors, significantly more patients had cats and farm animals, and h ... | 1978 | 727200 |
| transfusion-transmitted babesiosis: a case report from a new endemic area. | the seventh documented case of babesiosis transmitted by transfusion is reported. both the donor and the recipient are residents of connecticut, where the presence of endemic babesiosis has only recently been established. as the range of babesia microti, and its vector the ixodes dammini tick, continues to expand, clinicians and blood bank directors should be aware that cases of transfusion-transmitted babesiosis may occur in newly endemic areas. | 1991 | 2021001 |
| ticks and biting insects infected with the etiologic agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi. | members of 18 species of ticks, mosquitoes, horse flies, and deer flies were collected in southeastern connecticut and tested by indirect fluorescent-antibody staining methods for borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease. an infection rate of 36.2% (116 tested), recorded for immature ixodes dammini, exceeded positivity values for all other arthropod species. prevalence of infection for hematophagous insects ranged from 2.9% of 105 hybomitra lasiophthalma to 14.3% of seven hybomi ... | 1988 | 3170711 |
| new borrelia burgdorferi antigenic variant isolated from ixodes dammini from upstate new york. | a previously undescribed borrelia burgdorferi antigenic variant was isolated from each of four ixodes dammini larvae removed from white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus, captured in millbrook, n.y. this site is in the northern range of the known distribution of the tick in the northeastern united states. the molecular weights of approximately 32,500 and 35,500 for outer surface a and outer surface b proteins, respectively, were distinctly higher than those for previously characterized isolates f ... | 1988 | 3183008 |
| the geographic distribution of lyme disease in the united states. | in 1982, national surveillance for lyme disease was established by the centers for disease control to monitor trends and determine endemic geographic areas. initially, the endemic areas corresponded to the known distribution of ixodes dammini, a five-state area of the northeastern seaboard (new york, new jersey, connecticut, rhode island, and massachusetts) and wisconsin and minnesota. increasing numbers of cases have been reported outside these areas, however, 86% of the provisional 5731 cases ... | 1988 | 3190099 |
| borreliosis in equids in northeastern united states. | during 1982 and 1985, blood samples from 705 equids were examined for antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi. by indirect immunofluorescence staining, igm and total immunoglobulin (igm and igg) antibodies were detected in 37 (5.3%) and 90 (12.8%) serum specimens, respectively. the geometric mean titer for igm antibody (140.4) was highest during july, whereas total immunoglobulin ranged from 94.1 in october to 338 in may. eighty-six equids with total immunoglobulin to b burgdorferi lived in areas of ... | 1988 | 3282461 |
| spirochetes in ticks and antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in white-tailed deer from connecticut, new york state, and north carolina. | ticks were screened for spirochetes and serum samples from white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were assayed for antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi during 1983-1984. using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled rabbit antibodies produced to b. burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, spirochetes were detected in ixodes dammini (10.5% of 1,193) and dermacentor albipictus (0.6% of 157) adults from connecticut, i. dammini nymphs (49.1% of 108) and adults (64.7% of 99) from armonk, new yo ... | 1986 | 3520030 |
| comparison of rates of infection by the lyme disease spirochete in selected populations of ixodes dammini and amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae). | at a major endemic focus in new jersey, 50% of 290 adult ixodes dammini collected in the fall of 1984 were infected with the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi), which was statistically higher than the rate found in the 202 adult ticks (39.6%) examined during the spring. neither sex nor site of collection within the focus significantly affected the infection rate. the observed infection rates were similar to those reported in endemic areas of new york and connecticut. borrelia burgdor ... | 1986 | 3577494 |
| identification of endemic foci of lyme disease: isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from feral rodents and ticks (dermacentor variabilis). | borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of lyme disease, was isolated from the blood, kidneys, spleens, eyes, or livers of white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) (n = 19 of 22) and from the blood, kidneys, or spleens of eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus) (n = 2 of 2) captured at three foci for lyme disease in eastern connecticut. these bacteria were cultured most frequently from spleens (n = 19) and kidneys (n = 15). b. burgdorferi persisted in one mouse for at least 60 days. one spirochet ... | 1985 | 3926816 |
| avian and mammalian hosts for spirochete-infected ticks and insects in a lyme disease focus in connecticut. | spirochetes and their vectors and reservoirs were studied in a lyme disease focus in east haddam, connecticut, from mid-may through september 1983. ixodes dammini subadults were comparable in number on white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) (means = 2.9 +/- 3.6 sd) to those on 27 different species of birds (means = 2.3 +/- 4.2 sd) representing 11 families within the order passeriformes. less commonly found ticks on birds (means less than or equal to 0.1) were immature ixodes dentatus and haemap ... | 1984 | 6516460 |
| parasitism by ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) and antibodies to spirochetes in mammals at lyme disease foci in connecticut, usa. | | 1984 | 6694176 |
| antibodies to spirochetes in white-tailed deer and prevalence of infected ticks from foci of lyme disease in connecticut. | white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were examined for the tick, ixodes dammini, and sera were analyzed for antibodies to spirochetes during 1982. of the 323 animals inspected in four areas endemic for lyme disease, 188 (58%) had adult ticks; parasitism ranged from 43% at haddam to 82% at east lyme. direct and indirect fluorescent antibody tests detected spirochetes in 18 of 133 (14%) ticks. indirect immunofluorescence tests revealed antibodies at titers of 1:64-1:4,096 to this bacterium i ... | 1984 | 6716556 |
| antibodies to spotted fever-group rickettsiae in dogs and prevalence of infected ticks in southern connecticut. | blood samples and ticks were obtained from dogs to assess canine exposure to spotted fever-group (sfg) rickettsiae during 1978-1980 in southern connecticut. of the 1,576 dog sera screened by microimmunofluorescence. 174 (11.0%) contained specific antibodies at titers greater than or equal to 1:64 against rickettsia montana (n = 34), r rickettsii (n = 31), r rhipicephali (n = 19), or the unclassified 369-c rickettsia (n = 90). end points greater than or equal to 1:8,192 to r rickettsii and to r r ... | 1982 | 6803626 |
| ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting wild birds (aves) and white-footed mice in lyme, ct. | birds were captured and recaptured (20.8% of 5,297) with japanese mist nets, and white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus (rafinesque), were caught and recaught (69.1% of 355) with sherman box traps during the late spring, summer, and early fall from july 1989 through october 1991 to study tick-host relationships in lyme, ct. ixodes scapularis say, a vector of lyme disease spirochetes, borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto johnson, schmid, hye, steigerwalt & brenner, infested 803 birds (15.2%) in 36 ... | 1995 | 7650706 |
| immature ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) on small animals in connecticut, usa. | | 1982 | 7154022 |
| ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) in forests in connecticut. | | 1981 | 7288840 |
| ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) and associated ixodid ticks in south-central connecticut, usa. | | 1980 | 7365754 |
| spatial and temporal patterns of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) in southeastern connecticut. | the spatial distribution and abundance of host-seeking ixodes scapularis say (formerly i. dammini) were studied in 10 residential sites in woodlands during 1989-1991. in total, 7,385 larval, 2,202 nymphal, 164 female, and 248 male i. scapularis were collected in old lyme, lyme, east haddam, and chester, ct. the majority of host-seeking i. scapularis larvae (84.2%) and nymphs (73.5%) were collected within the woodland plots, whereas a large proportion of the adults were recovered from lawn (36.4% ... | 1993 | 8360900 |
| geographic distribution of white-tailed deer with ticks and antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in connecticut. | ticks and blood specimens were collected from white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in connecticut and analyzed to identify foci for lyme borreliosis. males and females of ixodes scapularis, the chief vector of borrelia burgdorferi, were collected from deer in five of eight counties during 1989-1991. analysis by indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) staining of midgut tissues showed that prevalence of infection was highest (9.5% of 367 ticks) in south central and southeastern connecticut. inf ... | 1993 | 8256460 |
| reduced abundance of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) with exclusion of deer by electric fencing. | to assess the effect of deer exclusion on populations of ixodes scapularis say (formerly i. dammini spielman, clifford, piesman & corwin) in the northeastern united states, host-seeking ticks and ticks on white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus (rafinesque), were monitored inside and outside a wooded, residential deer exclosure (approximately 3.5 ha) in lyme, ct, in 1991 and 1992. another deer exclosure was added in lyme (approximately 7.4 ha) during 1992. additional sample sites at other residen ... | 1993 | 8271257 |
| borrelia burgdorferi in an urban environment: white-tailed deer with infected ticks and antibodies. | ticks and blood samples were collected from white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in forests located in an insular, urban area of bridgeport, conn., and in rural south central connecticut during 1992 and 1993. immature and adult ixodes scapularis ticks were tested for borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme borreliosis, by indirect fluorescent-antibody staining methods. deer sera were analyzed for antibodies to this bacterium by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. infected ticks ... | 1995 | 7751354 |
| hemocytic rickettsia-like organisms in ticks: serologic reactivity with antisera to ehrlichiae and detection of dna of agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis by pcr. | ixodid ticks were collected from connecticut, massachusetts, missouri, pennsylvania, rhode island, and british columbia (canada) during 1991 to 1994 to determine the prevalence of infection with hemocytic (blood cell), rickettsia-like organisms. hemolymph obtained from these ticks was analyzed by direct and indirect fluorescent antibody (fa) staining methods with dog, horse, or human sera containing antibodies to ehrlichia canis, ehrlichia equi, or rickettsia rickettsii. of the 693 nymphal and a ... | 1995 | 8567911 |
| human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in connecticut: report of a fatal case. | we report a case of granulocytic ehrlichiosis in a 71-year-old man who presented with an acute febrile illness and subsequently developed multisystem organ dysfunction and sudden severe anemia with thrombocytopenia requiring intensive care, mechanical ventilation, hemodialysis, and transfusions. the diagnosis was suspected on the fifth hospital day after a peripheral blood smear was examined; intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were present in granulocytes only. results of serological tests of acu ... | 1995 | 8645839 |
| presence of ixodiphagus hookeri (hymenoptera: encyrtidae) in two connecticut populations of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae). | two connecticut populations of the black-legged tick, ixodes scapularis (say), the vector of lyme disease spirochetes, borrelia bugrdorferi sensu stricto johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner, in the northeastern united states, are parasitized by the encyrtid wasp ixodiphagus hookeri (howard), formerly hunterellus hookeri. the wasp was first detected in ticks from a forested site in bridgeport in 1992. i. hookeri was reared from 18.6% of 148 host-seeking i. scapularis nymphs. in 1993 and ... | 1996 | 8906928 |
| microhabitat-independent regional differences in survival of unfed ixodes scapularis nymphs (acari:ixodidae) in connecticut. | the effects of habitat and microclimate on survival of unfed nymphal black-legged ticks, ixodes scapularis say (approximately i. damnini spielman, clifford, piesman & corwin), were studied under natural conditions in southcentral and northwestern connecticut. at both coastal and inland locations, survival of 3 groups of 20 wild-caught questing nymphs placed in nylon mesh bags was monitored in each of 3 different habitats (field, forest canopy, and forest/field edge) during summer 1995. simultane ... | 1997 | 9103759 |
| antibodies to ehrlichia equi in dogs from the northeastern united states. | to determine whether dogs living in tickinfested areas of the northeastern united states had been exposed to ehrlichia equi, an etiologic agent of granulocytic ehrlichiosis. | 1997 | 9364226 |
| pesticide use by licensed applicators for the control of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) in connecticut. | to assess the use of insecticides for tick control by commercial applicators in connecticut, a questionnaire was mailed to 897 individuals and businesses with ornamental and turf pesticide applicator licenses. in total, 348 completed surveys were returned (38.8%). the majority of the respondents considered themselves lawn care (41.1%), landscape (31.3%) or tree care (12.6%) providers. tick control services were offered by 16.4% (n = 57) of the respondents, all of whom apply insecticides for tick ... | 1997 | 9379461 |
| temporal correlations between tick abundance and prevalence of ticks infected with borrelia burgdorferi and increasing incidence of lyme disease. | the abundance of host-seeking ixodes scapularis nymphs, the principal vector for the lyme disease agent, borrelia burgdorferi, in old lyme, lyme, and east haddam, connecticut, was compared with the incidence of reported human lyme disease in the 12-town area around the connecticut river and the state of connecticut for the period 1989 to 1996. ticks were sampled from lawns and woodlands by dragging flannel over the vegetation and examined for the presence of b. burgdorferi by indirect fluorescen ... | 1998 | 9574684 |
| infections of granulocytic ehrlichiae and borrelia burgdorferi in white-tailed deer in connecticut. | serum or whole blood samples, obtained from 141 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in connecticut (usa) during 1980, 1991, and 1996, were analyzed to detect past or current infections of ehrlichia phagocytophila genogroup organisms and borrelia burgdorferi. when the bds or nch-1 strains of granulocytic ehrlichiae were used separately in indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) staining methods, antibody positivity rates varied from 25 to 64% in 1991 and 1996, respectively. all 50 sera tested ... | 1999 | 10231753 |
| management of tick bites and early lyme disease: a survey of connecticut physicians. | practice guidelines have been published for the treatment of lyme disease (ld). these guidelines have been challenged as inadequate. two common ld management problems are antibiotic prophylaxis of deer tick bites (deer ticks may carry borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochete that causes ld) and antibiotic treatment of erythema migrans, the pathognomonic rash of ld. a 1-page questionnaire was sent to a 13% (573/4300) sample of connecticut physicians to define how they treat deer tick bites and erythe ... | 2001 | 11731662 |
| genetic variants of ehrlichia phagocytophila, rhode island and connecticut. | primers were used to amplify a 561-bp region of the 16s rrna gene of ehrlichia phagocytophila from ixodes scapularis ticks and small mammals collected in rhode island and connecticut. dna sequences for all 50 e. phagocytophila-positive samples collected from 1996 through 1998 in southwestern connecticut were identical to the sequence reported for e. phagocytophila dna from confirmed human cases. in contrast, the sequences from 92 of 123 e. phagocytophila-positive rhode island samples collected f ... | 2002 | 11996680 |
| effects of climate on variability in lyme disease incidence in the northeastern united states. | numbers of reported lyme disease cases have increased dramatically over the past decade in the northeastern united states, but the year-to-year variability is sizable (average standard deviation approximately 30% of the mean). an improved understanding of the causes of such variability would aid in prevention and control of the disease, which is transmitted by a spirochete carried in the "black-legged" tick, ixodes scapularis. in this study, the variability in reported lyme disease incidence bet ... | 2003 | 12631543 |
| comparison of the reservoir competence of medium-sized mammals and peromyscus leucopus for anaplasma phagocytophilum in connecticut. | in the northeastern united states, anaplasma phagocytophilum, the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge), is transmitted by the tick vector ixodes scapularis. the white-footed mouse peromyscus leucopus is a competent reservoir for this agent, but the reservoir competence of non-peromyscus hosts of i. scapularis has not been studied. here, we report data confirming reservoir competence of medium-sized mammals for a. phagocytophilum. raccoons, virginia opossums, gray squirrels, and striped ... | 2002 | 12737542 |
| reduced abundance of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) and the tick parasitoid ixodiphagus hookeri (hymenoptera: encyrtidae) with reduction of white-tailed deer. | the principal vector for the pathogens of lyme disease, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, and human babesiosis is the tick ixodes scapularis say. a chalcid wasp, ixodiphagus hookeri, in the family encyrtidae parasitizes populations of the tick on several islands or other geographically isolated sites in new england with high densities of these ticks and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), the principal host for adult i. scapularis. deer densities were reduced at a forested tract in bridge ... | 2003 | 14596277 |
| borrelia burgdorferi infection in a natural population of peromyscus leucopus mice: a longitudinal study in an area where lyme borreliosis is highly endemic. | blood samples from peromyscus leucopus mice captured at an enzootic site in connecticut were examined for antibodies to and dna of borrelia burgdorferi, to characterize the dynamics of infection in this reservoir population. from trappings conducted over the course of 2 transmission seasons, 598 (75%) of 801 serum samples from 514 mice were found to be positive by enzyme immunoassay. seropositivity correlated with date of capture and mouse age, was similar among locations within the site, increa ... | 2004 | 15073690 |
| control of immature ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) on rodent reservoirs of borrelia burgdorferi in a residential community of southeastern connecticut. | a 3-yr community-based study was conducted on residential properties on mason's island, mystic, ct, to determine the efficacy of a rodent-targeted acaricide (fipronil) to control immature ixodes scapularis (say) on peromyscus leucopus. results indicated that modified commercial bait boxes were effective as an acaricide delivery method for reducing nymphal and larval tick infestations on white-footed mice by 68 and 84%, respectively. passive application of fipronil significantly reduced the infec ... | 2004 | 15605643 |
| strategies for reducing the risk of lyme borreliosis in north america. | the incidence of lyme borreliosis continues to increase in the united states. in 1991, when lyme borreliosis first became a nationally reportable disease to the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc), a total of 9470 cases were reported; in contrast, by 2002 a total of 23,763 cases were reported, >2.5x the total in 1991. area-wide acaricides can be highly effective in killing nymphal ixodes scapularis, with >95% of nymphs killed in studies using cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, or carbaryl. t ... | 2006 | 16524769 |
| forest fragmentation predicts local scale heterogeneity of lyme disease risk. | fragmentation of the landscape has been proposed to play an important role in defining local scale heterogeneity in lyme disease risk through influence on mammalian host density and species composition. we tested this observed relationship in a suburban region around lyme, connecticut, where we collected data on the density of the tick vector, ixodes scapularis and prevalence of the lyme bacterium, borrelia burgdorferi at 30 sites. analysis of the landscape pattern of forest patches was performe ... | 2005 | 16187106 |
| surveillance for lyme disease--united states, 1992-2006. | lyme disease is a multisystem disease that occurs in north america, europe, and asia. in the united states, the etiologic agent is borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, a spirochete transmitted to humans by infected ixodes scapularis and i. pacificus ticks. the majority of patients with lyme disease develop a characteristic rash, erythema migrans (em), accompanied by symptoms of fever, malaise, fatigue, headache, myalgia, or arthralgia. other manifestations of infection can include arthritis, card ... | 2008 | 18830214 |
| topical treatment of white-tailed deer with an acaricide for the control of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) in a connecticut lyme borreliosis hyperendemic community. | the 4-poster device for the topical treatment of white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus (zimmermann), against ticks using the acaricide amitraz, was evaluated in a lyme borreliosis endemic community in connecticut. as part of a 5-year project from 1997 to 2002, 21-24 of the 4-posters were distributed at residential sites in old lyme, ct, in a core treatment area of approximately 5.2 km(2) in fall 1997. the 4-posters were active october to mid-december and march into may, corresponding to the ... | 2009 | 19650731 |
| in the lymelight: law and clinical practice guidelines. | almost from the beginning, the ixodes scapularis and i pacificus, adult deer ticks, have been a breeding ground not only for lyme disease, but also for political dissent. most recently, the battleground moved into the arena of clinical practice guidelines. both camps in the "lyme wars"-the infectious diseases society of america (idsa) and the international lyme and associated diseases society (ilads)-have published lyme disease practice guidelines. the guidelines conflict regarding diagnosis and ... | 2009 | 19434013 |
| seasonal prevalence of serum antibodies to whole cell and recombinant antigens of borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum in white-tailed deer in connecticut. | whole-blood samples were obtained from 214 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) representing 44 sites in connecticut (usa) during 1992, 1993, 1996, 1999, and 2000 through 2006. sera were analyzed for total antibodies to whole-cell or recombinant antigens of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and anaplasma phagocytophilum, the respective causative agents of lyme borreliosis and human granulocytic anaplasmosis. deer sera contained antibodies to both bacteria during different seasons and thro ... | 2010 | 20688684 |
| detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum in ixodid ticks from equine-inhabited sites in the southeastern united states. | abstract anaplasma phagocytophilum is a vector-borne, obligate intracellular bacterium that invades the neutrophils and eosinophils of infected individuals, causing granulocytic anaplasmosis. equine cases have previously been reported in the united states from california, florida, and connecticut, but limited surveillance studies in the southeast have been conducted. the objective of this study was to determine a. phagocytophilum prevalence in ixodes scapularis ticks at southeastern u.s. horse ... | 2012 | 22214269 |
| phylogeography of borrelia burgdorferi in the eastern united states reflects multiple independent lyme disease emergence events. | since its first description in coastal connecticut in 1976, both the incidence of lyme disease and the geographic extent of endemic areas in the us have increased dramatically. the rapid expansion of lyme disease into its current distribution in the eastern half of the us has been due to the range expansion of the tick vector, ixodes scapularis, upon which the causative agent, borrelia burgdorferi is dependent for transmission to humans. in this study, we examined the phylogeographic population ... | 2009 | 19706476 |
| close to home: a history of yale and lyme disease. | yale scientists played a pivotal role in the discovery of lyme disease and are credited as the first to recognize, name, characterize, and treat the affliction. today, lyme disease is the most commonly reported vector-borne illness in the united states, affecting approximately 20,000 people each year, with the incidence having doubled in the past 10 years [1]. lyme disease is the result of a bacterial infection transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected deer tick, which typically resu ... | 2011 | 21698040 |
| effects of japanese barberry (ranunculales: berberidaceae) removal and resulting microclimatic changes on ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) abundances in connecticut, usa. | japanese barberry (berberis thunbergii de candolle) is a thorny, perennial, exotic, invasive shrub that is well established throughout much of the eastern united states. it can form dense thickets that limit native herbaceous and woody regeneration, alter soil structure and function, and harbor increased blacklegged tick (ixodes scapularis say) populations. this study examined a potential causal mechanism for the link between japanese barberry and blacklegged ticks to determine if eliminating j ... | 2010 | 22182557 |