| cryptococcus gattii vgiii isolates causing infections in hiv/aids patients in southern california: identification of the local environmental source as arboreal. | ongoing cryptococcus gattii outbreaks in the western united states and canada illustrate the impact of environmental reservoirs and both clonal and recombining propagation in driving emergence and expansion of microbial pathogens. c. gattii comprises four distinct molecular types: vgi, vgii, vgiii, and vgiv, with no evidence of nuclear genetic exchange, indicating these represent distinct species. c. gattii vgii isolates are causing the pacific northwest outbreak, whereas vgiii isolates frequent ... | 2014 | 25144534 |
| a diverse population of cryptococcus gattii molecular type vgiii in southern californian hiv/aids patients. | cryptococcus gattii infections in southern california have been reported in patients with hiv/aids. in this study, we examined the molecular epidemiology, population structure, and virulence attributes of isolates collected from hiv/aids patients in los angeles county, california. we show that these isolates consist almost exclusively of vgiii molecular type, in contrast to the vgii molecular type isolates causing the north american pacific northwest outbreak. the global vgiii population structu ... | 2011 | 21909264 |
| correlation of genotype and in vitro susceptibilities of cryptococcus gattii strains from the pacific northwest of the united states. | cryptococcus gattii emerged in north america in 1999 as a human and veterinary pathogen on vancouver island, british columbia. the emergent subtype, vgiia, and the closely related subtype vgiib can now be found in the united states in washington, oregon, and california. we performed multilocus sequence typing and antifungal susceptibility testing on 43 isolates of c. gattii from human patients in oregon, washington, california, and idaho. in contrast to vancouver island, vgiia was the most frequ ... | 2010 | 20007380 |
| first reported case of cryptococcus gattii in the southeastern usa: implications for travel-associated acquisition of an emerging pathogen. | in 2007, the first confirmed case of cryptococcus gattii was reported in the state of north carolina, usa. an otherwise healthy hiv negative male patient presented with a large upper thigh cryptococcoma in february, which was surgically removed and the patient was started on long-term high-dose fluconazole treatment. in may of 2007, the patient presented to the duke university hospital emergency room with seizures. magnetic resonance imaging revealed two large cns lesions found to be cryptococco ... | 2009 | 19516904 |
| cryptococcus gattii in aids patients, southern california. | cryptococcus isolates from aids patients in southern california were characterized by molecular analyses. pheromone mfalpha1 and mfa1 gene fragments were polymerase chain reaction-amplified with fluorescently labeled primers and analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (ce) on dna analyzer. ce-fragment-length analyses (ce-flas) and ce-single-strand conformation polymorphisms (ce-sscps) were used to determine cryptococcus gattii (cg), c. neoformans (cn) varieties neoformans (cnvn) and grubii (cnvg), ... | 2005 | 16318719 |
| emergence of cryptococcus gattii-- pacific northwest, 2004-2010. | cryptococcus is a genus of fungi, of which two species, cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii, cause nearly all human and animal cryptococcal infections. whereas c. neoformans primarily affects persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) worldwide, c. gattii primarily affects hiv-uninfected persons in tropical and subtropical regions. in december 2004, a case of human c. gattii infection was reported in oregon, associated with an outbreak on vancouver island and in mainlan ... | 2010 | 20651641 |