| human t lymphotropic virus type i-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis in são paulo, brazil. | we conducted a prospective clinical and epidemiologic evaluation of 45 cases of human t lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (ham/tsp) in são paulo, brazil. all enrolled patients had progressive chronic myelopathy and high titers of htlv-i and htlv-ii antibodies, as determined by enzyme immunoassay and western blot. in 24 cases, the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was performed so that htlv-i could be distinguished from hltv-ii. the clinical and e ... | 1995 | 7548506 |
| selectivity of human t lymphotropic virus type-1 (htlv-1) and htlv-2 infection among different populations in brazil. | a seroprevalence study for human t lymphotropic virus type-1 (htlv-1) and htlv-2 was conducted in sao paulo, brazil among 2,312 individuals that included following groups: 1,148 volunteer blood donors, 37 patients with tropical spastic paraparesis (tsp), 53 with lymphoproliferative disorders, 171 with a history of multiple blood transfusions, 268 human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1) seropositive subjects, and 635 amazonian indians. antibodies to htlv-1/2 were screened by enzyme-linked imm ... | 1993 | 8279633 |
| geographic diversity of adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma in brazil. the brazilian atll study group. | we describe 195 cases of adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma (atll) reported to the national registry of t-cell malignancies in brazil between 1994 and 1998. we compared the effect of demographic differences and clinical features of 150 consecutive atll cases in different regions of this diverse country. at diagnosis, the predominant clinical sub-type was the acute type (60%), followed by lymphoma (22%), chronic (10%) and smoldering (8%) types. although we expected that different sub-types would be p ... | 1999 | 10495418 |
| molecular characterization of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 2 (htlv-ii) from people living in urban areas of sao paulo city: evidence of multiple subtypes circulation. | background: in brazil, human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i and type ii (htlv-i and htlv-ii) are co-circulating and possess approximately 65% homology, which results in high cross-reactivity in serological tests. based on the detection of eia and western blot (wb) tests, htlv serodiagnosis yields indeterminate results in high-risk population, with the true determination of htlv-ii prevalence requiring a combined serological and molecular analysis. molecular analysis of htlv-ii isolates has sho ... | 2007 | 17177305 |
| hiv-1, hiv-2, and htlv-i infection in high-risk groups in brazil. | we conducted a serologic survey for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2) and human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) in 704 brazilians with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or at risk for it. the study population included 70 homosexual men (11 of whom were prostitutes), 58 bisexual men (19 of whom were prostitutes), 101 female prostitutes from three socioeconomic groups, 13 wives of men with hemophilia who were seropositive for hiv-1 ant ... | 1989 | 2927478 |
| hepatitis c virus coinfection in a cohort of hiv-infected individuals from santos, brazil: seroprevalence and associated factors. | although hiv/hepatitis c virus (hcv) coinfection has been recognized worldwide in individuals exposed to blood-borne and sexually transmitted diseases (std), limited data are available on the epidemiology of this coinfection in brazil. a cross-sectional study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of hcv seropositivity in a cohort of people living with hiv/aids in santos, brazil, and to investigate potential risk factors for hcv infection. anti-hcv antibodies were sought by using two immunoe ... | 2004 | 15104874 |
| htlv-1 and htlv-2 infections in hiv-infected individuals from santos, brazil: seroprevalence and risk factors. | because htlv-i, htlv-2, and hiv share identical modes of transmission, simultaneous or subsequent infections with these retroviruses are to be expected. the population of santos, the largest port in latin america, includes large numbers of female commercial sex workers and intravenous drug users, presumably having been exposed to retroviral infection. to evaluate the seroprevalence of htlv infection and their associated risk factors, a cross-sectional survey was carried out in 499 hiv-infected i ... | 2001 | 11242188 |
| human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infective dermatitis emerging in adulthood. | infective dermatitis (id) is a rare dermatologic condition of childhood that has been linked to human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1). | 2009 | 19570078 |
| human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection and ocular manifestations in são paulo, brazil. | although human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1)-associated uveitis has been well recognized in japan, related studies in brazil are scarce. we performed a serologic survey for htlv-1 infection among patients with uveitis and investigated the ocular findings in htlv-1-asymptomatic carriers. | 1999 | 10206580 |
| clinical and epidemiological aspects of htlv-ii infection in são paulo, brazil: presence of tropical spastic paraparesis/htlv-associated myelopathy (tsp/ham) simile diagnosis in hiv-1-co-infected subjects. | in this study, the epidemiological and clinical features observed in solely htlv-ii-infected individuals were compared to those in patients co-infected with hiv-1. a total of 380 subjects attended at the htlv out-patient clinic in the institute of infectious diseases "emilio ribas" (iier), são paulo, brazil, were evaluated every 3-6 months for the last seven years by infectious disease specialists and neurologists. using a testing algorithm that employs the enzyme immuno assay, western blot and ... | 2006 | 17119676 |
| identification of human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) subtypes using restricted fragment length polymorphism in a cohort of asymptomatic carriers and patients with htlv-i-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis from são paulo, brazil. | although human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) exhibits high genetic stability, as compared to other rna viruses and particularly to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), genotypic subtypes of this human retrovirus have been characterized in isolates from diverse geographical areas. these are currently believed not to be associated with different pathogenetic outcomes of infection. the present study aimed at characterizing genotypic subtypes of viral isolates from 70 htlv-i-infected individua ... | 2002 | 12048560 |
| htlv-i/htlv-ii coinfection in an aids patient from são paulo, brazil. | a serological survey for htlv infection identified an aids patient with htlv-i/htlv-ii dual seroreactivity. two further sequential blood samples were collected (samples a and b) for pcr, restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp), and sequence analyses of htlv-i and htlv-ii strains. pcr analyses confirmed dual infection in both samples. restriction digests of the env region amplified from sample a showed the presence of an htlv-iia subtype; the htlv-ii provirus was found to be defective in ... | 2000 | 10826478 |
| sensitivity of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests in relation to western blot in detecting human t-cell lymphotropic virus types i and ii infection among hiv-1 infected patients from são paulo, brazil. | we investigated the presence of human t-cell lymphotropic virus types i and ii (htlv-i and htlv-ii) infections, first searching for specific antibodies in 553 serum samples obtained from hiv-1-infected patients from são paulo, brazil. sera were screened using two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas): the elisa-em (elisa htlv-i/ii, embrabio, br), which contains htlv-i and htlv-ii lysates, and the elisa-db [elisa htlv-i/ii, diagnostic biotechnology (db), singapore], which contains htlv-i ly ... | 1998 | 9572023 |
| molecular detection and isolation of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) from patients with ham/tsp in são paulo, brazil. | infection with htlv-i is etiologically linked with htlv-i-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (ham/tsp). however some patients with chronic progressive paraparesis resembling ham/tsp have been shown to be infected with htlv-ii. | 1998 | 9562854 |
| research of antigen and antibodies from retroviruses, cmv and hbv among prisoners of the penitentiary complex of the region of campinas, sp, brazil. | some viruses of the families retroviridae, such as human t lymphotropic virus (htlv); herpesviridae as the cytomegalovirus (cmv) and hepadnaviridae such as the hepatitis b virus (hbv) are liable to be co-transmitted with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). since prisoners are exposed to several and important risk factors involved in the transmission of hiv and the above mentioned viruses, male inmates from the penitentiary complex of campinas, sp, brazil, including hiv+ and hiv- ones, were e ... | 1998 | 9876432 |
| no evidence of vertical transmission of htlv-i and htlv-ii in children at high risk for hiv-1 infection from são paulo, brazil. | one hundred and seven plasma specimens obtained from children born to hiv-1 infected mothers were tested for the presence of antibody to human t-cell lymphotropic virus types i and ii (htlv-i and -ii) to determine perinatal transmission of these agents. none of the children in this study were breastfed. fifty-five specimens were from hiv-1 infected children, 28 from hiv-1 non-infected children, and in 24 cases the hiv-1 status could not be defined. in these series, when elisa screening tests wer ... | 1999 | 10191592 |
| htlv infection in a group of prostitutes and their male sexual clients in brazil: seroprevalence and risk factors. | sera from 653 female prostitutes and 153 male sexual clients living in the city of santos, são paulo, brazil, were tested for the presence of antibodies to human t cell lymphotropic virus types i and ii. seroprevalence for htlv-i in the females was 2.8% and in the males 2.0%. infection by htlv-ii could not be demonstrated. seropositivity to htlv-i was not associated with intravenous drug use, modality of sexual behaviour or a history of sexually transmitted disease. among the prostitutes, the pr ... | 1996 | 8761567 |
| laboratory characterization of human t cell lymphotropic virus types 1 (htlv-1) and 2 (htlv-2) infections in blood donors from sao paulo, brazil. | serologic screening for human t cell lymphotropic virus types 1/2 (htlv-1/2) infection in blood donors has been recently introduced in brazil. analysis of 351,639 blood donations in sao paulo from january 1992 to october 1993 identified 1,063 positive (0.30%) and 2,238 indeterminate (0.63%) samples based on serologic confirmation using a 21e western blot. a detailed analysis (serologic, molecular, and virologic), based on a laboratory diagnostic algorithm for characterization of htlv-1 and htlv- ... | 1997 | 9288805 |
| the best algorithm to confirm the diagnosis of htlv-1 and htlv-2 in at-risk individuals from são paulo, brazil. | the ability to confirm the diagnosis of human t-lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 (htlv-1 and htlv-2) in at-risk individuals in são paulo, brazil by western blotting (wb), conventional polymerase chain reaction (tax and pol pcr) and real-time pcr (pol) is compared. seventy-three blood samples that were reactive in htlv-1/2 serological screening enzyme immunoassays (eias) were evaluated. htlv-1/2 was confirmed in 53 blood samples: 48 were positive by wb, 41 were positive by pcr and 42 scored posit ... | 2011 | 21349293 |
| [prevalence, risk factors and genetic characterization of human t-cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the cities of ribeirão preto and são paulo]. | the aim of this study was to define the prevalence of human t cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 in patients who were positive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the state of são paulo, brazil. we evaluated 319 individuals infected with hiv type 1 who were attended at specialized clinics in two cities (ribeirão preto and são paulo). the patients were interviewed and tested for antibodies against htlv types 1 and 2 (orthoâ htlv-1/htlv-2 ab-capture enzyme immunoassay). direct dna sequen ... | 2009 | 19684973 |
| prevalence of htlv-i and htlv-ii infections among hiv-1-infected asymptomatic individuals in são paulo, brazil. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1)-infected subjects with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) are often infected with multiple pathogens. in particular, htlv-i and htlv-ii infections have been found more frequently in aids patients than in asymptomatic individuals in europe and japan. we carried out a serosurvey among asymptomatic hiv-1-infected subjects in são paulo, brazil and compared our results with those of other investigators. in this study, we found htlv infection in 1.5% of 266 ... | 1997 | 9640784 |
| human t cell lymphotropic virus type-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis in sao paulo, brazil: association with blood transfusion. | human t cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (htlv-1) associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (ham/tsp) has been epidemiologically linked to prior blood transfusion. the prevalence of transfusion as a risk factor for infection varies among endemic areas. here we report the relative frequency of reported history of blood transfusion among 52 patients evaluated in sao paulo, brazil. a patient reported history of blood transfusion prior to the onset of symptoms, found in 15 (28.8%) of the pati ... | 1997 | 9242318 |
| human t-lymphotropic virus type i and type ii infections and correlation with risk factors in blood donors from são paulo, brazil. | little is known about the prevalence of and risk factors for human t-lymphotropic virus type i and type ii (htlv-i, htlv-ii) infections in brazil. | 1995 | 7878720 |
| comparison of signal-to-cutoff values in first, second, and third generation enzyme immunoassays for the diagnosis of htlv-1/2 infection in "at-risk" individuals from são paulo, brazil. | data obtained during routine diagnosis of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1) and 2 (htlv-2) in "at-risk" individuals from são paulo, brazil using signal-to-cutoff (s/c) values obtained by first, second, and third generation enzyme immunoassay (eia) kits, were compared. the highest s/c values were obtained with third generation eia kits, but no correlation was detected between these values and specific antibody reactivity to htlv-1, htlv-2, or untyped htlv (p=0.302). in addition, use ... | 2009 | 19490981 |
| serological patterns and temporal trends of htlv-1/2 infection in high-risk populations attending public health units in são paulo, brazil. | htlv-1/2 diagnosis in high-risk populations from são paulo, brazil has been problematic due a high proportion of seroindeterminate results. | 2008 | 18346935 |
| molecular evidence of human t-cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 (htlv-1 and htlv-2) infections in htlv seroindeterminate individuals from são paulo, brazil. | using enzyme immunoassays and western blot (wb) tests, htlv serodiagnosis yields indeterminate results in a significant number of cases. | 2009 | 19188090 |
| performances of htlv serological tests in diagnosing htlv infection in high-risk population of são paulo, brazil. | testing problems in diagnosing human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv) infection, mostly htlv-ii, have been documented in hiv/aids patients. since december 1998, the immunology department of instituto adolfo lutz (ial) offers htlv-i/ii serology to public health units that attend htlv high-risk individuals. two thousand, three hundred and twelve serum samples: 1,393 from aids reference centers (group i), and 919 from htlv out-patient clinics (group ii) were sent to ial for htlv-i/ii antibodies detectio ... | 2007 | 18157402 |
| late diagnosis of hiv infection in women seeking counseling and testing services in são paulo, brazil. | we investigated whether women positive for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection were late in seeking an anonymous hiv counseling and testing service, and the factors associated with a low cd4 count, in são paulo, brazil. seventy-one consecutive hiv-1-seropositive women were interviewed by means of a structured questionnaire. blood samples were collected for cd4+ t-lymphocytes count and determination of hiv-1 subtypes. hepatitis c, syphilis, human t-cell lymphotrophic virus type i (htlv-i ... | 2001 | 11483166 |
| human t cell lymphotropic virus type 1-associated myelopathy in são paulo, brazil. epidemiologic and clinical features of a university hospital cohort. | we report epidemiologic and clinical features of human t cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis in a brazilian cohort of 86 patients from a university hospital. cerebrospinal fluid (csf) abnormalities and magnetic resonance imaging (mri) findings were correlated with neurologic signs and symptoms. the patients' mean age at disease onset was 43.2 years and the female to male ratio 1.5:1. risk factors for retroviral exposure included blood transf ... | 2002 | 12006779 |