| use of staphylococcus aureus for rapid radioimmunoassay of influenza a virus haemagglutinin. | in a rapid method for the radioimmunoassay (ria) of influenza a virus haemagglutinin, staphylococcus aureus (strain cowan i, czechoslovak state collection no mau 55/64) was used for separation of bound and free antigens. with rabbit and human immune sera, the binding of antigen-antibody complexes to heat-killed, formalin-fixed staphylocci was comparable to the double antibody technique. the time required for the completion of binding reaction was about 10 min compared to 18--24 hr required for d ... | 1979 | 39433 |
| recombination and complementation between orthomyxoviruses under conditions of abortive infection. | on interaction of ts mutants of fowl plague virus (fpv) belonging to different complementation groups and human influenza a viruses under conditions of abortive infection for both partners, complementation was marked and recombinants occurred with a high frequency. the level and degree of complementation as well as the frequency of recombinants depended on the stage at which the reproduction of the human influenza a viruses involved was blocked. on simultaneous inoculation of chicks with two apa ... | 1979 | 39444 |
| the effect of immunization on polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis in influenza. | challenge of human subjects with influenza virus produced a significant fall in the chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukoyctes (pmn's) obtained from their peripheral blood. this was seen by 3 days with some return toward normal function at 7 days but with a persistent defect still found at 20 days after challenge. | 1979 | 42304 |
| vaccination of an adolescent group with a (h3n2) + a(hsw1n1) bivaccine before an a (h1n1) influenza epidemic. | a group of 35 adolescents aged 18--22 years were vaccinated intradermally with 0.2 ml of a mixed a (h3n2) + a (hsw1n1) formolized vaccine and revaccinated with a (hsw1n1) monovaccine 10 days before an a (h1n1) influenza epidemic. the vaccination had no effect on morbidity or the clinical course of disease. serology revealed a primary immune response to a (hsw1n1) and a booster response to a (h3n2). apparently, prevention of a new influenza subtype by formolized vaccine possessing only the corres ... | 1979 | 42307 |
| [age profile of the antihemagglutinins and antineuraminidase antibodies in type a influenza (author's transl)]. | antineuraminidase and antihemagglutinating antibody studies were carried out in parallel in sera from subjects born in bulgaria in 1968-1972, 1956-1960, 1946-1950, 1925-1935 and 1917-1920. it was found that the amount of both antineuraminidase and antihemagglutinating antibody in sera from normal subjects could vary depending upon the year of birth and the strain used for the test. the antibody spectrum was most narrow in children under 4 and wider in subjects born before 1925. serograms of the ... | 1975 | 54996 |
| swine influenza virus in man. zoonosis or human pandemic? | | 1976 | 59086 |
| swine influenza virus and the recycling of influenza-a viruses in man. | sera collected in 1967 and 1972 from people in the 0-100 age-group showed haemagglutination-inhibition (h.i.) antibody to swine virus a/iowa/15/30 (hsw1n1) in greatest number and with highest titre in people born before 1918. a slight decrease was observed from 1967 to 1972 in the number of sera with antibody to swine virus and in the height of the titres. the recently isolated a/new jersey/10/76 (hsw1n1) virus showed a result comparable to that of the swine/1930 virus in sera of 1972. on the an ... | 1976 | 59252 |
| [antigenic structure of the neuraminidases of vaccinal strains of influenza virus type a used in the production of live anti-influenza oral vaccine]. | | 1976 | 62454 |
| behaviour in ferrets of swine influenza virus isolated from man. | after intranasal instillation into ferrets, the "swine" influenza virus a/new jersey/8/76(hsw1 n1) had a 50% minimal infectious dose similar to that of previously tested a/pr/8-a/england (h3 n2) recombinants virulent and attenuated for man. a/new jersey produced only a mild upper respiratory tract infection. however, higher titres of virus were recovered from the lungs over a longer period than experienced previously with asian and hong kong virus strains. there was a diphasic pyrexia the second ... | 1977 | 63712 |
| the epidemiology of influenza. | although unpredictable, influenza outbreaks are known to occur in three patterns: pandemics every 30 to 40 years, with high excess mortality; epidemics much more frequently, with lower excess mortality; and usually mild sporadic outbreaks. the possibility of a swine-flu pandemic this winter, resembling that of 1918-20, is the result of a unique deviation in the epidemiology of this fascinating disease. | 1976 | 67988 |
| [several features of an outbreak of influenza in ulan-bator in 1974]. | | 1977 | 71787 |
| [comparative characteristics of influenza virus a/ussr/02/76 and swine influenza virus]. | comparative studies of the biological properties, antigenic structure and ultrastructure of influenza a viruses isolated in the ussr, a/new jersey/8/76 and a/swine/31 were carried out. antigenic differences between a/ussr/02/76 and a/swine/31 strains as well as a/new jersey/8/76 strain were found in the hemagglutination-inhibition and neuraminidase activity-inhibition tests. these differences were confirmed by serological examination of human sera. | 1977 | 71790 |
| the prevalence of influenza viruses in swine and the antigenic and genetic relatedness of influenza viruses from man and swine. | | 1978 | 74123 |
| return of epidemic a1 (h1n1) influenza virus. | limited outbreaks of influenza were reported in the far east of the u.s.s.r. early in november, 1977, and a week or two later in cities in siberia and the european parts of the u.s.s.r. the majority of influenza-virus isolates belonged to the h1n1 subtype of influenza-a virus, though strains of the current h3n2 subtype were also isolated. a moderate epidemic of h1n1 influenza spread throughout the country in the middle of december. mainly children over 5 years and young adults were infected. | 1978 | 75334 |
| h1n1 influenza in hong kong. | | 1978 | 75351 |
| [reversion in the natural variability of influenza a virus]. | in mid-november, 1977, local outbreaks of acute respiratory diseases (ard) in institutionalized communities began to be recorded in a number of geographical zones of the ussr, and by the end of the month a general increase in the incidence was observed in some areas of the country. the epidemic outbreaks extended gradually and were characterized by moderate development involving mainly young subjects. the strains causing the epidemic had no antigenic relationship with reference a (h3n2) virus an ... | 1978 | 78585 |
| influenza in mali 1978. | | 1978 | 79121 |
| [ways to increase the specific activity of anti-influenzal donor gamma-globulin]. | | 1976 | 80044 |
| influenza zoo. | | 1979 | 84215 |
| severity of influenza. | | 1979 | 85029 |
| a new jersey vaccine and a/fm 1/47 epidemics. | | 1978 | 87568 |
| antibody response against current h1n1 influenza virus after vaccination with last season's trivanent vaccine. | | 1978 | 87569 |
| the influenza virus: antigenic composition and immune response. | the architecture and chemical composition of the influenza virus particle is described with particular reference to the protein constituents and their genetic control. the dominant role in infection of the surface proteins - haemagglutinins and neuraminidases - acting as antigens and undergoing variation in time known as antigenic drift and shift is explained. the immuno-diffusion technique has illuminated the interrelationships of the haemagglutinins of influenza a viruses recovered over long p ... | 1979 | 88726 |
| [hemagglutinin antigens of influenza viruses isolated from man and birds]. | immunological analysis has shown hemagglutinins of avian viruses like hemagglutinins of human viruses to have a complex antigenic composition. three antigenic determinants were discovered in hemagglutinin of a/chicken/12/71 virus previously designated h3 and in hemagglutinin of a/tern/18/73 virus previously designated hav7. the h3 determinant and the second determinant are identical in avian and a/hong kong/1/68 human viruses. in addition, hemagglutinins of avian viruses have a determinant speci ... | 1979 | 88816 |
| [use of the precipitation reaction for studying viral antibodies in blood sera]. | | 1979 | 89261 |
| immunoglobulin-specific radioimmunoprecipitation assays for quantitation of nasal secretory antibodies to hemagglutinin of type a influenza viruses. | radioimmunoprecipitation (rip) assays were developed to selectively quantitate class-specific antibodies to purified hemagglutinins (ha) of type a influenza virus in nasal secretions. rabbit anti-human secretory piece of immunoglobulin a (iga) and rabbit anti-human igg were used as second antibodies. a third antibody, goat anti-rabbit igg, was incorporated into the system to separate immune complexes formed between iodinated ha, nasal wash test specimen, and second antibody. the utilization of t ... | 1978 | 100506 |
| counteraction of poly(4-vinylpyridine-n-oxide) on the depression of viral interferon induction by coal dust. | the depressive activity of coal dust on interferon induction by influenza was markedly subverted when either coal dust or llc-mk2 cell monolayers were pretreated with poly (4-vinylpyridine-n-oside). the polymer alone neither induced interferon synthesis, inhibited viral induction of interferon, influenced viral multiplication, nor affected cellular-induced resistance by interferon. absorption of the polymer to coal dust not only occurred at a more rapid rate than to cell monolayers, but also les ... | 1976 | 178603 |
| evaluation of 6-azauridine and 5-iododeoxyuridine in the treatment of experimental viral infections. | the potential antiviral activity of 6-azauridine and 5-iododeoxyuridine was evaluated in a coordinated study at five institutions. experimental models in five species, the mouse, rabbit, swine, cat, and ferret, were established with use of 10 viruses: herpesvirus hominis types 1 and 2, murine cytomegalovirus, vaccinia virus, shope fibroma virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, swine influenza virus, feline viral rhinotracheitis virus, feline panleukopenia virus, and ferret distemper virus. ... | 1976 | 180189 |
| elevated nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction test response in acute viral respiratory disease. | | 1976 | 180486 |
| influenza: its antigenic variation and ecology. | influenza viruses have two surface antigens, the glycoprotein structures hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na). antibodies to each of these are associated with immunity, but the structures themselves are antigenically variable. when an antigenic change is gradual over time it is referred to as a drift, while a sudden complete or major change in either or both antigens is termed a shift. the mechanism of antigenic drift is usually attributed to selection of preexisting mutants by pressure fro ... | 1976 | 187273 |
| [determination of the diffusion coefficients and average diameters of myxoviruses by laser spectroscopy with optical mixing]. | | 1976 | 193304 |
| [clinical and immunopathological studies of viral nephritis]. | | 1977 | 199763 |
| easily hydrolyzable, water-soluble derivatives of (+/-)-alpha-5-[1-(indol-3-yl)ethyl]-2-methylamino-delta2-thiazoline-4-one, a novel antiviral compound. | the preparation of a series of indole n-acyl and n-carbamic esters of (+/-)-alpha-5-[1-(indol-3-yl)ethyl]-2-methylamino-delta2-thiazolin-4-one (1) is reported. these derivatives were synthesized as potential water-soluble precursors of the antiviral thiazolinone 1, for evaluation by intranasal administration against influenza and other respiratory infections caused by viruses. salts of the basic carbamic esters (16--19) possess the required water solubility, undergo rapid hydrolysis and decarbox ... | 1979 | 218010 |
| [the fixing complement antibodies to respiratory viruses--influenza a1, b, c, parainfluenza 1 (sendai), syncytial respiratory, adenovirus, echo 11--and "mycoplasma pneumoniae" in healthy persons (author's transl)]. | serological research of complement fixation test (kolmer micromethod) into 163 young healthy subjects (18-22 years old) in order to point out the contaminations effects of respiratory viruses and of mycoplasma pneumoniae. in is pointed out serological simultaneous reactions on some subjects, expression of multiple infections; the different frequency of serological tests for each antigen, pointing out the rôll played by the singles diseases, the different titre distribution of the antibodies to 1 ... | 1976 | 190954 |
| csf viral antibodies. evaluation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and late-onset postpoliomyelitis progressive muscular atrophy. | serum and csf from 48 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and six patients with late-onset postpoliomyelitis progressive muscular atrophy were investigated for the presence of antibody to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3, coxsackie viruses b3 and b4, influenza a, measles, rubella, mumps, herpes simplex types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster, and toxoplasma gondii. these results were compared with those from 53 control patients with neuromuscular disease matched for age, sex, race, ... | 1979 | 220938 |
| effects of viral exposure of the two-cell mouse embryo on cleavage and blastocyst formation in vitro. | the effect of viral exposure of two-cell mouse embryos on their capacity to undergo subsequent cleavage and blastocyst formation in vitro was determined. exposure to coxsackie viruses b-4 and b-6, reovirus type 2, influenza virus type a, mouse cytomegalovirus, adenovirus type 5, and mouse adenovirus resulted in statistically significant inhibition of blastocyst formation. development in vitro was unaffected by exposure to echo virus type 11, attenuated poliomyelitis virus type 2, parainfluenza v ... | 1979 | 225719 |
| [abortive myxovirus infection in ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. production of heterokaryons in permissive cells and analysis of virus-specific structures]. | hybridization of ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells and chicken fibroblasts using uv-inactivated sendai virus produced the following variants of homo- and heterokaryons: (a) uninfected ehrlich cells, (b) fowl plague virus-infected chicken fibroblasts, (c) uninfected ehrlich cells and uninfected chicken fibroblasts; (d) infected ehrlich cells and infected chicken fibroblasts, (e) infected ehrlich cells and uninfected chicken fibroblasts. the analysis of the material produced by heterokaryons gave th ... | 1976 | 188250 |
| v irus and lectin agglutination of erythrocytes: spin label study of membrane lipid-protein interactions. | techniques of spin-label electron spin resonance have been used to prove changes in the structure of the lipid phase of erythrocyte membrane after agglutination by viruses and lectins. when chicken erythrocytes are agglutinated by sendai and influenza viruses and by the lectins concanavalin a and wheat germ agglutinin, the membrane lipid phase becomes more fluid, as detected by three different lipophilic spin-laveled probes. colchicine, vinblastine, and tetracaine inhibit the fluidization of chi ... | 1976 | 185616 |
| the nurse's role in the swine influenza immunization program. | | 1977 | 244353 |
| the response to inactivated influenza a (h3n2) vaccines: the development and effect of antibodies to the surface antigens. | a controlled trial of influenza vaccines in a boys' public school from november 1970 to october 1975 provided an opportunity to study the response to vaccine and the effect on subsequent natural challenge in boys with differing natural experience of influenza a strains. the response to influenza a (h3n2) vaccines was assessed by estimating homotypic and heterotypic antibodies to the surface antigens. previous natural experience of influenza a was found to influence vaccine response and the effec ... | 1977 | 266540 |
| [respiratory tract infections of viral origin in infants. examination of 103 serum pairs in autumn and following spring]. | in autumn 1973 und about four months later in spring 1974 blood samples were taken from the same 103 children aged from a few months to five years and coming from different parts of bavaria. we examined the samples for complement-fixing antibodies against the influenza virus types a, b and c, the parainfluenza virus types 1, 2 and 3, the adenoviruses and the respiratory-syncytial virus, and for neutralising antibodies against the echo virus type 25. at the commencement of the investigation the m ... | 1975 | 172769 |
| results of the 1976 rhode island fight-flu program. | | 1977 | 270785 |
| [controlled study of influenza prophylaxis by vufb amantadin (author's transl)]. | | 1977 | 145906 |
| identification of nonavid influenza a viruses containing human subtypes of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase isolated from poultry in hong kong. | | 1978 | 287100 |
| [relations between human and animal influenza viruses]. | the following more important problems are dealth with in the present paper:--antigenic relationships between human and animal influenza viruses;--recombination of human and animal influenza viruses;--epidemiological relationships between human and animal influenza viruses;--the theory of cyclical evolution of influenza viruses. | 1977 | 144990 |
| the specificity of the anti-haemagglutinin antibody response induced in man by inactivated influenza vaccines and by natural infection. | the anti-haemagglutinin antibody response in adult human volunteers to inactivated whole virus or tween ether split influenza a/victoria/75 (h3n2) and a/scotland/74 (h3n2) virus vaccines was investigated using antibody absorption and single-radial-haemolysis (srh) techniques. the concentrations of haemagglutinin (ha), nucleoprotein (np) and matrix (m) antigens measured by single radial diffusion (srd) and rocket immunoelectrophoresis were similar for both the whole virus and split vaccines. whol ... | 1979 | 105040 |
| heterotypic protective immune reactions in mice infected with distinct serotypes of human influenza virus. | infection of mice with subtype a0 or a2 human influenza viruses, by a non-respiratory route causing no lethality, renders the animals markedly resistant to subsequent respiratory challenge with a strain differing from the first one through its haemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens. this state of heterotypic immunity which appears rapidly (5 days) after the first infection, manifests itself during the second infection by a much reduced mortality, by less extensive lung lesions than in the con ... | 1978 | 308787 |
| [immune structure of the population of moscow to the strains of the influenza viruses a(h3n2), a(h1n1) and b circulating in 1977]. | examinations for the presence of antihemagglutinins to influenza a(h3n2), a(h1n1) and b virus strains in the sera from people of different ages collected in april-may and october-november, 1977, showed that influenza a(h1n1) virus began to circulate in the human population of moscow before the onset of an overt epidemic, in the period between june and october, 1977. this conclusion has been drawn on the basis of the absence of antihemagglutinins to a(h1n1) virus in the sera from subjects of 16-2 ... | 1979 | 311977 |
| hla restriction of human influenza virus-immune cytotoxic t cells. | | 1979 | 93811 |
| [antigenic and biological characteristics of the a (h1n1) strains that caused the 1977--1978 epidemic]. | by the antigenic specificity of the surface subunits, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, the influenza virus strains a (h1n1) isolated in 1977--1978 were related but not identical to the a (h1n1) strains circulating in 1950--1952. the a/fm/1/47 strain differed from the a/england/51, a/pan/52 strains and a/ussr/090/77 strain by its antigenic relations with the a/netherland/56 and a/denver/57 strains. biologically, the new a/h1n1/77 strains were similar to the reference strains circulating in 1947-- ... | 1979 | 92100 |
| variant-specific antihemagglutinin serum response to type a influenza natural infection and inactivated vaccines in adults. | | 1979 | 90369 |
| lymphocyte cytotoxicity to influenza virus-infected cells. ii. requirement for antibody and non-t lymphocytes. | peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) obtained from humans were cytotoxic for influenza virus-infected target cells. the pbl were shown to have associated influenza virus anti-hemagglutinin antibody (ahab) detectable only by radioimmunoassay. this antibody could be removed by incubating pbl at 37 degrees c for 30 min. the lymphocyte population that was effective in this system was nonadherent and nonphagocytic cells. pbl gave comparable levels of cytotoxicity when tested by using either a xenogenei ... | 1977 | 334984 |
| the use of ferret trachea organ cultures for therapeutic studies of anti-influenzal drugs. i. evaluation of the model in comparison with infection in humans. | | 1977 | 340440 |
| challenge versus natural infection as an index or protection after influenza immunization. | the most important consideration in evaluating an immunization procedure is protection from infection. protection provided by influenza vaccines can best be determined by large scale field trials and natural infection. however, these are difficult to control and epidemics cannot always be accurately predicted. on the other hand, representative artificial challenge studies can be controlled and are easier to perform. in the studies, reported protection achieved against artificial challenge is com ... | 1977 | 342306 |
| swine influenza a at fort dix, new jersey (january-february 1976). iv. summary and speculation. | influenza a/new jersey/76 virus was detected at fort dix from january 19 through february 9, 1976 and infected at least 230 military personnel. thirteen hospital admissions for acute respiratory disease were associated with influenza a/new jersey infection, and additional members of index training companies may have been hospitalized with influenza a/new jersey. this virus was likely introduced into the reception center by an incoming trainee. although our studies could not eliminate the possibi ... | 1977 | 342615 |
| correlation between rate of infection and preexisting titer of serum antibody as determined by single radial hemolysis during and epidemic of influenza a/victoria/3/75. | during an outbreak of infection with wild-type influenza a/victoria/3/75 virus, a correlation was established between the rate of infection and the preepidemic titer of serum antibody to that virus as measured by the single radial hemolysis technique. titers of antibody determined by the hemagglutination inhibition method as well as by the single radial hemolysis technique were directly correlated with the rate of infection. by use of the single radial hemolysis technique, the 50% protective tit ... | 1978 | 342641 |
| differences in hla antigen recognition by human influenza virus-immune cytotoxic t cells. | the specificity of in vitro induced human influenza-immune cytotoxic effector cells was analyzed with respect to recognition of hla-a and -b-linked gene products. the influenza-immune cytotoxic activity observed on panels of virus-infected targets demonstrated that virus-immune effectors preferentially lyse targets with which they share hla-a or -b specificities. virus-immune effectors from certain donors recognized virus in conjunction with some, but not all, of their self hla-a and -b antigens ... | 1979 | 87440 |
| virus specificity of human influenza virus-immune cytotoxic t cells. | the virus specificity of human in vitro cytotoxic t cell responses to influenza virus was studied with the use of peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes from normal adult volunteers. previous natural exposure of these donors to a variety of type a influenza viruses was documented by hi antibody titers. cells sensitized in vitro with a/hk or a/pr8 were cytotoxic for autologous target cells infected with a/hk, a/pr8, or a/jap 305 type a influenza viruses, but not for b/hk-infected or uninfected c ... | 1979 | 84032 |
| antigenic similarity of influenza a (h1n1) viruses from epidemics in 1977--1978 to "scandinavian" strains isolated in epidemics of 1950--1951. | | 1978 | 82293 |
| [changes in antigenic determinant h3 in type a influenza virus]. | the analysis of immune and hyperimmune rabbit sera to influenza a/ussr/0249/75. a/victoria/3/75, and a/tokyo/1/75 viruses showed the h3 antigenic determinant common for hemagglutinins of influenza viruses of the hong kong variety to be poorly manifest in viruses isolated in 1975 in contrast to type a viruses isolated in previous years. antibody to the h3 antigen is usually absent in immune sera and appears only in hyperimmune sera after reimmunization of the animals. the quantitative decrease of ... | 1978 | 80884 |
| primary structure of the hong kong (h3) haemagglutinin. | | 1979 | 367487 |
| determinants of immunity to influenza infection in man. | | 1979 | 367490 |
| global surveillance of influenza. | | 1979 | 367493 |
| adherence of group b streptococci and human erythrocytes to influenza a virus-infected mdck cells. | | 1979 | 368814 |
| [study of the antigenic specificity of hemagglutinin of influenza viruses type a by quantitative radioimmunoassay. comparative study of differences in the specificity of h3 hemagglutinin in epidemiologically active strains]. | comparative radioimmunoassays (ria) of hemagglutinin of influenza type a viruses were carried out. the ria was shown to detect definite type differences of influenza a and b virus hemagglutinin and subtype differences (ho and h3), as well as to determine both qualitative and quantitative characteristics of renewal of determinants within the antigenic drift. the a/victoria/3/75 strain was found to have more renewed determinants than the a/scotland/870/74 strain but less than the a/victoria/112/76 ... | 1978 | 77081 |
| enhancement of ige-mediated histamine release from human basophils by viruses: role of interferon. | human leukocytes maintained in culture are induced to release histamine when exposed to ragweed antigen e or anti-ige. leukocyte cultures incubated with virus (i.e. hsv-1, influenza a, and adeno-1) but not exposed to ragweed antigen e or anti-ige fail to release histamine. if, however, leukocyte cultures are first exposed to virus and then to ragweed antigen e or anti-ige, significant enhancement of histamine release occurs. both infectious and inactivated virus enhance histamine release and the ... | 1977 | 67173 |
| isolation of influenza virus from liver and muscle biopsy specimens from a surviving case of reye's syndrome. | influenza virus (a/ohio/7/76) was demonstrated by haemagglutination and by direct electron microscopy in chick embryo fluids inoculated with liver, muscle, cerebrospinal fluid, and nasotracheal secretions obtained from a boy with reye's syndrome, 8 days after the onset of the upper-respiratory-tract symptoms and at the height of neurological and hepatic involvement. this finding accords with the hypothesis that reye's syndrome may be an epiphenomenon of influenza-virus infection. it is postulate ... | 1976 | 61342 |
| efficiency of complement fixation (cf) test with internal nucleoprotein (np) antigen and hemagglutination--inhibition (hi) test in the serodiagnosis of a and b influenza infections. | | 1979 | 401012 |
| a twenty years experience in the epidemiological surveillance of influenza a in moldavia (romania). | | 1979 | 401015 |
| [live influenza vaccines (author's transl)]. | recent progress in live influenza a vaccine research is reviewed. as vaccine strains with new antigenic determinants have to be available in a short time, methods for rapid and reproducible attenuation of wild strains are needed. the possibilities for attenuation of influenza a wild strains and their relative merits are discussed. particular problems arise from the fact that in interpandemic periods the population is composed of individuals with varying degrees of immunity. vaccine strains of di ... | 1977 | 407467 |
| characteristics of antigenic and biological properties of influenza a viruses isolated different epidemics of the same cycle. | the antigenic character of the haemagglutinin and of the neuraminidase from myxovirus influenzae strains isolated in the ussr during the 1968, 1970, 1971-1972 and 1972-1973 epidemics, are studied. the haemagglutinins were, at first, relatively, homogenous and constant, but subsequently changed gradually newer isolates became less and less reactive against a specific serum prepared with a/hong kong/68. however, this druft up to 1972-1973, did go beyond the limits of the h3 subtype. there were als ... | 1975 | 59567 |
| [anti-infective activity of anti-influenza antibodies from human colostrum]. | antibodies against influenza virus of a, b serological types and pc-virus were detected in the colostrum collected after an epidemic. these antibodies belonged to the secretory iga form. the secretory antibodies preparation made of colostrum, and its iga fraction instilled intransally to mice and rats prevented the development of infection caused by 100--10 id50/0.1 ml of the influenza a virus. the protective action of the antibodies of iga class was due to its capacity to become fixed on the su ... | 1979 | 419910 |
| antigenic variation of neuraminidase of human type a influenza (h3n2) viruses isolated in berlin (west). | after the emergence of the a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) strain of influenza virus antigenic variation of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens have been demonstrated leading to the identification of the variants a/england/42/72,a/port chalmers/1/73 and a/scotland/840/74. this study describes antigenic changes of neuraminidases in influenza viruses isolated since 1968 in berlin (west). a collection of 13 isolates of human type a influenza was studied in neuraminidase inhibition tests. the resul ... | 1975 | 56831 |
| isolation of h1n1 influenza virus in munich. | during an outbreak of a mild upper respiratory tract infection in a university children's hospital in munich, an h1n1 influenza virus was isolated. serological analysis of the isolate showed that antigenically the virus resembled the ussr/90/77 strain of influenza a virus which has been isolated in many parts of the world during the last two years. | 1979 | 437895 |
| [similarity and difference in the antigenic composition of hemagglutinins isolated from influenza a2 viruses at different time intervals]. | | 1975 | 56816 |
| the value of complement fixation and haemagglutination inhibition tests in the diagnosis of influenza a. | antibody response of 133 influenza a patients from three outbreaks since 1972-73 was analyzed by complement fixation (cf) and haemagglutination inhibition (hi) methods. during the first outbreak, a significant response was more often measured by cf than by hi. during the last outbreak hi appeared more useful than cf for routine serological diagnosis; 23% of cases verified by hi were missed by cf. the poor response of cf antibodies was associated with the high level of pre-infection antibodies. | 1976 | 7943 |
| [experimental model of associated influenza-para-influenza infection]. | an experimental model of associated influenza-parainfluenza infection has been developed. simultaneous inoculation of mice with influenza a2/21/65 and parainfluenza type 3 or inoculation with these viruses at an interval of 24 hours was shown to produce a considerably more severe disease as manifested by the development of severe confluent pneumonias involving both lungs and death of the inoculated animals. the animals with the associated infection showed no significant difference in antibody ti ... | 1978 | 219615 |
| viral pericarditis in patients receiving hemodialysis. | four patients with end-stage renal disease in whom pericarditis developed while they received intermittent hemodialysis therapy were evaluated for viral infection. we found high or rising serum antibody titers to influenza virus a (three patients) and coxsackievirus b (one patient). cardiac tamponade occurred in three patients, requiring pericardiectomy in two; each patient eventually recovered. viral pericarditis may be an important cause of "uremic" pericarditis in chronically dialyzed patient ... | 1979 | 218513 |
| [virological studies of acute respiratory syndromes in 1975--1976]. | | 1978 | 216321 |
| inborn resistance of mice to myxoviruses: macrophages express phenotype in vitro. | a strain of avian influenza a virus was adapted to grow in mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. the adapted strain, called m-tur, induced a marked cytopathic effect in macrophages from susceptible mice. mice homozygous (a2g) or heterozygous (f1 hybrids between a2g and several susceptible strains) for the gene mx, shown previously to induce a high level of resistance towards lethal challenge by a number of myxoviruses in vivo, yielded peritoneal macrophages which were not affected by m-tur. per ... | 1978 | 203652 |
| augmentation of hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibodies in gilts of breeding age by large dosages of human a/new jersey/76 influenza vaccine. | fifteen gilts of breeding age were studied. four received three 4 ml. doses three weeks apart of an experimental killed swine influenza vaccine containing a/swine/ill/65 antigen, four received three ml. doses three weeks apart of a human influenza vaccine containing a/new jersey/76 antigen and three received two doses of human influenza vaccine followed by a 3 ml. third dose of experimental swine influenza vaccine. all except one vaccinate responded to two doses of vaccine by the time of the th ... | 1979 | 461965 |
| [does an autoimmune process play a role in the pathogenesis of obstructive cardiomyopathy? (author's transl)]. | | 1979 | 228507 |
| cell-mediated cytotoxicity following influenza infection and vaccination in humans. | cell-mediated cytotoxic activity in circulating mononuclear cells from 31 volunteers challenged with live influenza a/victoria virus, and 22 volunteers vaccinated with inactivated influenza vaccine, was examined employing target cells infected with several viruses by means of a 51cr release assay. effectors from infected volunteers, and from volunteers who manifested four-fold rises in serum hai antibody after vaccination, demonstrated significantly elevated levels of cytotoxicity against target ... | 1979 | 231094 |
| immunity to attenuated influenza virus wrl 105 infection induced by heterologous, inactivated influenza a virus vaccines. | groups of student volunteers were immunized with one of five different inactivated influenza virus vaccines. the concentration of virus in the various vaccines differed by both the international unitage test and by the concentration of haemagglutinin, as measured by the single radial diffusion test; the results of the two methods of standardization showed no correlation. the serum hi response to immunization was variable; volunteers given a/england/72 showed a 16.6-fold increase in homologous se ... | 1977 | 270523 |
| a trial of live virus intra-nasal influenza vaccine. | one hundred and fifty-seven medical students were randomly divided into three groups: one group was vaccinated with alice live virus intra-nasal vaccine; one with sub-unit vaccine given subcutaneously and the third group with a placebo intra-nasal vaccine. one hundred and four patients from two group practices were also given alice vaccine by one of four different practitioners. sero conversion occurred to an equivalent extent in all those given alice vaccine and there was only a minor increase ... | 1978 | 273801 |
| [moscow influenza--an unexpected guest]. | | 1979 | 487959 |
| [manifestations of influenza-virus variability during its cultivation in the system of passively immunized chick embryos]. | a method of immunological actions on the influenza virus in the system of chick embryos passively immunized with isologous sera was elaborated. with the aid of the suggested method it was possible to induce in strains (with different hemagglutinin type and different degree of attenuation) the transformation of signs characterizing the virus variability in the epidemic process. variants of the vaccine strains of the influenza virus with increased immunogenic activity and signs of antigenic "outru ... | 1978 | 307317 |
| [henoch-schoenlein purpura (author's transl)]. | routine eeg investigations and observance of discrete neurological and psychological symptoms in 13 children in the acute phase of henoch-schoenlein purpura showed that involvement of the central nervous system in this disease is the rule rather than the exception. capillary resistance was reduced in 51 out of 76 investigated children. on the other hand a reduction in factor xiii activity was much less commonly found (n =6). immune complex determination in 28 children, together with antibody stu ... | 1979 | 498981 |
| [immunological precursors of influenza epidemics]. | the authors studied the immuno-epidemiological manifestations of ciculation and variability of the influenza virus during the periods preceding the officiallly recorded rise of the incidence of this disease. the following epidemic precursors were revealed: a) an increase of the number of persons who fell sick with subclinical form of the disease, accompanied by a rise in the population of the antibody level to the type of influenza virus whose latest variant later caused an epidemic morbidity el ... | 1978 | 307321 |
| diversity of influenza a virus subtypes isolated from domestic poultry in hong kong. | the second phase of a 2-year influenza virus surveillance programme of domestic avian species in hong kong (up to october 1977) yielded influenza a virus, newcastle disease virus, and hong kong paramyxovirus, as well as unidentified haemagglutinating agents. these viruses were isolated from the trachea or cloaca of apparently healthy domestic ducks, geese, and chickens originating from china and hong kong. twenty-five combinations of haemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface antigens were identif ... | 1979 | 314357 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of an influenza virus haemagglutinin gene from cloned dna. | a synthetic fowl plague virus (fpv) haemagglutinin gene has been cloned in bacteria and the complete sequence of the rna gene deduced. it is 1,742 nucleotides long and the mrna codes for 56.3 amino acids in an uninterrupted sequence. the nature of some of the important domains in the haemagglutinin has been established, and their structure is discussed in relation to their function. extensive amino acid sequence homologies exist between fpv and human influenza haemagglutinins. | 1979 | 503226 |
| specific in vitro antibody response to influenza virus by human blood lymphocytes. | advances in understanding of human immune responses depend, for obvious reasons, on the use of in vitro techniques for culture of peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl). we report here that specific antibody responses to influenza virus can readily be obtained using simple, reproducible methods. the system will be useful for the analysis of the cellular requirements for antibody production, the genetics of immune responsiveness and in clinical studies of immunosuppressed and immunodeficient patients ... | 1979 | 316116 |
| [results and prospects for vaccinal prevention of influenza]. | | 1977 | 333765 |
| studies on the use of interferon inducers in man and animals. | | 1979 | 525157 |
| [determination of antibodies against influenza viruses, using the elisa method]. | a microplate method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was adapted for the demonstration of antibodies to influenza a and b in 25 paired acute and convalescent sera taken from patients with influenza a infection, in 11 single convalescent sera collected from patients with acute respiratory infection and serological evidence of influenza b infection, in 14 paired sera collected from volunteers who were vaccinated with an aqueous inactivated influenza a and b vaccine, and in 15 serum sam ... | 1978 | 350238 |
| effective protection against influenza after vaccination with subunit vaccine. | immunization with an influenza subunit vaccine given in one dose about 1 month to 2 months before onset of an epidemic of influenza afforded from 80% to 90% protection in a double-blind clinical trial which was supported by isolation of virus and serological studies. in the vaccinated group, 20% failed to develop antibodies to the vaccine. either serology tests or attempted isolation of virus alone would have failed to detect some of the cases. | 1978 | 351351 |
| [influenza epidemic process as a self-regulating system]. | | 1979 | 550544 |
| airway hyperreactivity and peripheral airway dysfunction in influenza a infection. | we studied 39 consecutive college students with documented nonpneumonitic influenza a/victoria/3/75/h3n2 infection to examine alterations in pulmonary mechanics and airway reactivity to cholinergic challenge, and to assess the effect of the antiviral agent amantadine on these changes. thirty-six of the 39 subjects (92 per cent) demonstrated diminished forced flow rates and decreased density-dependent forced flow rates while breathing a helium-o2 mixture as compared to an air mixture. on initial ... | 1978 | 358877 |
| radioimmunoprecipitation assay for quantitation of serum antibody to the hemagglutinin of type a influenza virus. | a double-antibody radioimmunoprecipitation (rip) assay has been developed to provide a sensitive and specific measure of antibody to hemagglutinins of h3n2 influenza viruses. chloramine t was used to radiolabel purified hemagglutinins to high specific activity without loss of antigenicity. the purity of the labeled hemagglutinin was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which also established that both the ha(1) and ha(2) polypeptides were iodinated. radiolabele ... | 1978 | 564916 |
| investigations on the involvement of swine influenza a virus (hsw1n1) in the influenza outbreak recorded in a town of romania during the 1976--1977 winter season. | seroepidemiological investigations performed with 1,620 serum samples and serodiagnostic tests with 166 paired sera demonstrated that swine influenza virus type a/new jersey 8/76 (hsw1n1) played no role in the epidemiology of human influenza in a large town of romania during 1977. | 1978 | 567886 |