| effect of interferon, elevated temperature, and cell type on replication of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis viruses. | five strains of enterovirus type 70 (e 70) and four of coxsackievirus type a 24 (ca 24) were studied for their sensitivity to interferon (if), ability to induce if, replication at various temperatures, and adaptability to human and mouse cell cultures. we found that isolates ranged from 0.01 to 16 times as sensitive to fibroblast if as vesicular stomatitis virus, depending upon the cell type used and the multiplicity of infection. most of the isolates induced no detectable if; however, when indu ... | 1977 | 200562 |
| [detection of viral aetiology in cerebral spinal fluid samples from 580 clinical cases]. | to investigate the viral aetiology in cerebral spinal fluid (csf) from 580 cases of cns infection or fuo in yuedong district from 1990 to 1997. | 2000 | 11471031 |
| [fruit of the emergence of an enterovirus: acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis]. | first seen in ghana and indonesia in the early 70's, acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis or "apollo 11" disease is an eye infection caused by enterovirus type 70 (ev70). the disease appeared to be a highly contagious conjunctivitis which spread rapidly all over the world. ev70 has been considered as an emerging virus and was classified as a new enterovirus. no human or animal virus genetically similar to ev70 was known before the sudden outcome of the disease in ghana, west africa. ev70 appeared a ... | 2008 | 18957336 |
| outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in maharashtra and gujarat states of india, caused by coxsackie virus a-24 variant. | acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is associated with enteroviruses. among these, coxsackie a-24 variant (ca-24) and enterovirus-70 (ev-70) are known to cause epidemics and pandemics. an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis occurred in august-september 2003 in maharashtra and gujarat states of india. the present investigation was carried out to determine the viral etiological agent associated with the epidemic. virus isolates were obtained from 11 eye swabs of conjunctivitis patients using ... | 2007 | 17457917 |
| towards an in vitro model for acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis: cytokine-mediated vascular endothelial cell activation triggered by enterovirus type 70 infection. | little is known of the pathogenetic mechanisms of enterovirus type 70 (ev70), a causative agent of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. however, virus- or cytokine-induced perturbation of vascular endothelial cells are potential triggering events. | 2004 | 15072749 |
| genetic clustering of all 102 human rhinovirus prototype strains: serotype 87 is close to human enterovirus 70. | human rhinoviruses (hrv), common agents of respiratory infections, comprise 102 designated serotypes. the genetic relationships of hrv prototype strains and the possibility of using genetic identification of a given hrv field strain were studied. genomic sequences in the vp4/vp2 region were obtained from all 102 prototype strains. phylogenetic analysis included 61 recently isolated finnish field strains. seventy-six out of the 102 prototype strains clustered in the hrv genetic group a and 25 in ... | 2002 | 11807226 |
| hemorrhagic viral keratoconjunctivitis in taiwan caused by adenovirus types 19 and 37: applicability of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in detecting adenovirus genotypes. | acute keratoconjunctivitis with prominent subconjunctival hemorrhage (sch) is usually perceived by a clinician as acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) associated with enteroviruses; however, sch can also be an adenoviruses infection. a rapid and sensitive laboratory diagnosis is helpful for differential diagnosis. therefore, the sensitivity and applicability of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and reverse transcription (rt)-pcr diagnoses were evaluated for keratoconjunctivitis associated with v ... | 2001 | 11322419 |
| in vitro antiviral activity of ag7088, a potent inhibitor of human rhinovirus 3c protease. | ag7088 is a potent, irreversible inhibitor of human rhinovirus (hrv) 3c protease (inactivation rate constant (k(obs)/[i]) = 1,470,000 +/- 440,000 m(-1) s(-1) for hrv 14) that was discovered by protein structure-based drug design methodologies. in h1-hela and mrc-5 cell protection assays, ag7088 inhibited the replication of all hrv serotypes (48 of 48) tested with a mean 50% effective concentration (ec(50)) of 0.023 microm (range, 0.003 to 0.081 microm) and a mean ec(90) of 0.082 microm (range, 0 ... | 1999 | 10508022 |
| [virologic diagnosis of an outbreak of epidemic hemorrhagic conjunctivitis by an indirect immunofluorescence technique. cuba.1989]. | the causative agent of an hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreak was assessed through the study of 18 conjunctival exudates using the indirect immunofluorescence technique and isolation in cell culture of human embryo fibroblasts. in addition, 395 paired serum samples were studied and enterovirus 70 was found to be responsible for the outbreak. | 1992 | 9768224 |
| intratypic genome variability of the coxsackievirus b1 2a protease region. | to analyse the intratypic genome variability of coxsackievirus b1, 17 coxsackievirus b1 isolates were collected over a period of 10 years. nucleotide sequences of the 2a coding region of the various coxsackievirus b1 isolates and known sequences of other enteroviruses were compared. the maximum diversity observed within the entire group of coxsackievirus b1 isolates was 25%. comparison of deduced amino acid sequences revealed a maximum diversity of 5%. phylogenetic analysis demonstrates a close ... | 1994 | 8126468 |
| seroepidemiologic studies of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis virus (enterovirus type 70) in west africa. iii. studies with animal sera from ghana and senegal. | one hundred and thirty-nine bovine sera collected in senegal in 1968 and 1969, before the human pandemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc), and 145 sera collected in 1977, seven years after the introduction of ahc, were tested for virus neutralizing (vn) titers against enterovirus 70 (ev70) in neutralization tests. positive rates of vn titers (1:16) were fairly constant (about 40%) in 1968 and 1969 but the proportion of positives from the 1977 collection was significantly higher (61%). t ... | 1981 | 7304572 |
| seroepidemiologic studies of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis virus (enterovirus type 70) in west africa. ii. studies with human sera collected in west african countries other than ghana. | human sera were collected in senegal, nigeria, ivory coast, dahomey, liberia, gabon and togo during the pre-epidemic period of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) from 1965 to 1969, and tested for virus neutralizing (vn) antibody to enterovirus type 70 (ev70). of these, 1109 (91%) were antibody negative (less than equal to 1:4), 116 (9%) neutralized at a dilution of 1:8 or over, and 45 (4%) at dilutions of at least 1:16. the distribution pattern is not significantly different from that of ser ... | 1981 | 7304563 |
| tonometer disinfection and viruses. | tonometer disinfectants in current use are frequently inactive against viruses and enable transfer of infection between patients. we selected sodium hypochlorite as a readily available alternative which is active against viruses and bacteria. at 500 p.p.m. it destroys herpes simplex, adenovirus 8, and enterovirus 70 within 10 minutes. a simple technique is described which is clinically acceptable and has been in daily use for one year. | 1983 | 6311241 |
| replication of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis viruses in conjunctival-corneal cell cultures of mice, rabbits, and monkeys. | acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) viruses--enterovirus type 70 (e70), and coxsackie-virus type a24 (ca24)--infect the superficial cells of the conjunctiva and cornea. we examined the growth of several e70 and ca24 isolates in monkey, rabbit, and mouse conjunctival and corneal (c/c) cells. we found that e70 isolates grew well in monkey (10(6.5) tcid50/ml), rabbit (10(4.5) to 10(5.5) tcid50/ml), and mouse (10(3.5) to 10(6.0) tcid50/ml) c/c cultures and caused cytopathic effects (cpe). in cont ... | 1980 | 6254904 |
| enterovirus type 70: the etiologic agent of pandemic acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis. | a new enterovirus, now classified as enterovirus type 70, was isolated from the conjunctiva of patients with acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis during the 1971 epidemics that occurred in japan, singapore, and morocco. these epidemics were parts of a pandemic involving africa (algeria, ghana, morocco, nigeria, and tunisia), asia (cambodia, china (province of taiwan), hong kong, india, indonesia, japan, malaysia, the philippines, singapore, and thailand), and england during 1969-71. a representativ ... | 1973 | 4368683 |
| conjunctivitis in rabbits caused by enterovirus type 70 (ev70). | a rabbit enterovirus 70 (ev70) model infection that closely mimics human enteroviral conjunctivitis was developed. conjunctivitis occurred 24 hr following topical application of ev70. the conjunctivitis was characterized by tearing, redness, swelling of the eye lids, follicles in the superior palpebral conjunctiva, and dilatation of subconjunctival blood vessels. histologic examination of conjunctival and corneal tissue taken 1 and 2 days after infection revealed numerous punctate areas devoid o ... | 1986 | 2423475 |
| isolation of enterovirus 70 (ev70) from patients with acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in two areas of saudi arabia. | this is the first epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) reported from saudi arabia in which enterovirus 70 (ev70) was implicated as aetiological agent. ev70 was isolated from 5 of 29 conjunctival scrapings from patients with ahc. two human diploid cell lines, human skin fibroblast (hsf) and human embryonic lung fibroblast (mrc-5), were quite sensitive for the isolation of this virus. the relatively high isolation rate could also be attributed to the timing of collection of specimen ... | 1990 | 2161133 |
| enterovirus 94, a proposed new serotype in human enterovirus species d. | the genus enterovirus (family picornaviridae) contains five species with strains isolated from humans: human enterovirus a (hev-a), hev-b, hev-c, hev-d and poliovirus. in this study, a proposed new serotype of hev-d was characterized. four virus strains were isolated from sewage in egypt and one strain from acute flaccid paralysis cases in the democratic republic of the congo. the complete genome of one environmental isolate, the complete coding sequence of one clinical isolate and complete vp1 ... | 2007 | 17325357 |
| caspase-3 and -7 mediate apoptosis of human chang's conjunctival cells induced by enterovirus 70. | enterovirus 70 (ev70) is the major etiological agent of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc). ev70 m.o.i.- (multiplicity of infection) and time-dependently induced apoptosis in human chang's conjunctival (hcc) cells. uv- or heat-inactivated ev70 did not induce apoptosis. ev70-induced apoptosis was inhibited by cycloheximide and methoxysuccinyl-ala-ala-pro-val-chloromethylketone (mpcmk), but not actinomycin d and guanidine.hcl (although guanidine.hcl inhibited the apoptosis induced by ev70 infe ... | 2006 | 16427675 |
| sialic acid functions in enterovirus 70 binding and infection. | the interaction of viruses with host cell receptors is the initial step in viral infection and is an important determinant of virus host range, tissue tropism, and pathogenesis. the complement regulatory protein decay-accelerating factor (daf/cd55) is an attachment receptor for enterovirus 70 (ev70), a member of the picornaviridae, commonly associated with an eye infection in humans known as acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. in early work, the ev70 receptor on erythrocytes, responsible for its h ... | 2002 | 12388686 |
| detection & differentiation of coxsackie a 24 variant isolated from an epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in north india by rt-pcr using a novel primer pair. | an epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) occurred in north india during july to september 1994. we report a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using known and novel primers to differentiate and identify the ca 24 virus isolated from the epidemic of ahc. | 2002 | 12362556 |