| an outbreak of mycobacterium bovis infection in fallow deer (dama dama). | in an outbreak of mycobacterium bovis infection in fallow deer in south australia, 3 herds related by recent movement of deer were infected. from these 3 infected herds, 47 of 51 animals were tuberculosis at necropsy. a range of lesions was seen most of which differed from classical bovine tuberculosis in that pus was a white liquid, fibrous encapsulation was not marked and calcification was rare. histopathology was of classical tuberculosis. m. bovis was cultured from lesions and m. avium-intra ... | 1989 | 2673180 |
| a comparative study of the histopathologic features of bovine tuberculosis in cattle, fallow deer (dama dama), sika deer (cervus nippon), and red deer and elk (cervus elaphus). | sections of tuberculous lesions from 23 elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) and red deer (cervus elaphus elaphus), 12 fallow deer (dama dama), 10 sika deer (cervus nippon), and 30 cattle were examined and compared. lesions were scored for caseous necrosis, mineralization, neutrophils, macrophages, giant cells, and acid-fast bacilli. some differences in lesion morphology between the species were noted. elk/red deer lesions had marked variation and often differed from bovine lesions in several characteri ... | 1995 | 7604487 |
| bovine tuberculosis in swedish deer farms: epidemiological investigations and tracing using restriction fragment analysis. | bovine tuberculosis was eradicated from sweden after a programme lasting many years. by 1991, no tuberculosis in wildlife had been discovered for 50 years and the last case in cattle had occurred 13 years before. in 1991, the disease was identified in a herd of farmed fallow deer (dama dama) and over the next three years nine other infected herds were identified. investigation revealed that all the infected deer were either deer that had been imported into sweden from the united kingdom in 1987 ... | 1995 | 7625058 |
| farm and slaughter survey of bovine tuberculosis in captive deer in switzerland. | in 1998, a survey was conducted by postal questionnaire to gather basic knowledge about the management, health and productivity of captive deer in switzerland. in addition, lymph nodes were collected from slaughtered deer from 124 of the 262 holdings surveyed, and tested for mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium tuberculosis. the total farmed deer population was 8389 animals kept on 485 holdings; 87 per cent were fallow deer, 8 per cent red deer, 4 per cent sika deer, and there were small number ... | 2000 | 11140930 |
| bovine tuberculosis (mycobacterium bovis) in wildlife in spain. | mycobacterium bovis infection in wildlife and feral species is a potential source of infection for livestock and a threat to protected and endangered species. the aim of this study was to identify spanish wild animal species infected with m. bovis through bacteriological culture and spacer oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping) of isolates for epidemiological purposes. this study included samples from red deer (cervus elaphus), fallow deer (dama dama), wild boar (sus scrofa), iberian lynx (lynx ... | 2004 | 15184440 |
| bovine tuberculosis infection in wild mammals in the south-west region of england: a survey of prevalence and a semi-quantitative assessment of the relative risks to cattle. | in the united kingdom, badgers are implicated in the transmission of mycobacterium bovis to cattle, but little information is available on the potential role of other wild mammals. this paper presents the results of the largest systematic uk survey of m. bovis infection in other wild mammals. mammal carcasses (4715) from throughout the south-west region of england were subjected to a systematic post mortem examination, microbiological culture of tissues and spoligotyping of isolates. infection w ... | 2007 | 16434219 |
| histological observations of bovine tuberculosis in lung and lymph node tissues from british deer. | deer are recognized as hosts of mycobacterium bovis and assessing the role of wild cervids in perpetuating tuberculosis among cattle has motivated extensive research on several continents. in this paper, the histopathology of lymph node and lung tuberculous granulomas in m. bovis positive british deer is presented. the overall aim was to seek further insights into the potential for onward transmission from infected deer to other species, including cattle. samples were obtained from an extensive ... | 2008 | 17584504 |
| blood culture and stimulation conditions for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in cervids by the cervigam assay. | mitogen- and antigen-induced interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) responses of peripheral blood leucocytes from cervids were evaluated by a commercial whole-blood assay. the assay was applied to mycobacterium bovis-infected white-tailed deer and reindeer, m bovis bcg-vaccinated white-tailed deer and elk, and unvaccinated, uninfected white-tailed deer, fallow deer, elk and reindeer. the responses of the m bovis-infected white-tailed deer to pokeweed mitogen (pwm) varied with time and between individuals. ... | 2008 | 18281626 |
| bovine tuberculosis in doñana biosphere reserve: the role of wild ungulates as disease reservoirs in the last iberian lynx strongholds. | doñana national park (dnp) in southern spain is a unesco biosphere reserve where commercial hunting and wildlife artificial feeding do not take place and traditional cattle husbandry still exists. herein, we hypothesized that mycobacterium bovis infection prevalence in wild ungulates will depend on host ecology and that variation in prevalence will reflect variation in the interaction between hosts and environmental risk factors. cattle btb reactor rates increased in dnp despite compulsory testi ... | 2008 | 18648665 |
| evaluation of the cervidtb stat-pak for the detection of mycobacterium bovis infection in wild deer in great britain. | deer are acknowledged as hosts of mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (btb), and determining the prevalence of infection in deer species is one of the key steps in understanding the epidemiological role played by cervids in the transmission and maintenance of btb in the united kingdom. this study evaluated a rapid lateral-flow test for the detection of btb in samples from wild deer species in the united kingdom. fallow deer (dama dama), roe deer (capreolus capreolus), ... | 2009 | 19656989 |
| distribution of lesions in red and fallow deer naturally infected with mycobacterium bovis. | wild deer have an important role in the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis (btb). the aims of this study were (1) to compare the pattern of lesions present in wild red (cervus elaphus) and fallow (dama dama) deer that were naturally infected with mycobacterium bovis, and (2) to use this information to develop a sampling strategy for the isolation of m. bovis from the lymphoid tissues of the head of these animals. culture of head lymphoid tissues demonstrated that 28 of 95 red deer and 22 of 100 ... | 2010 | 19691968 |
| estimating the risk of cattle exposure to tuberculosis posed by wild deer relative to badgers in england and wales. | wild deer populations in great britain are expanding in range and probably in numbers, and relatively high prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (btb, caused by infection with mycobacterium bovis) in deer occurs locally in parts of southwest england. to evaluate the m. bovis exposure risk posed to cattle by wild deer relative to badgers in england and wales, we constructed and parameterized a quantitative risk model with the use of information from the literature (on deer densities, activity pattern ... | 2009 | 19901384 |
| ante-mortem testing wild fallow deer for bovine tuberculosis. | this study aimed to maximize the sensitivity of bovine tuberculosis detection in living wild fallow deer (dama dama) under field conditions. we evaluated the rapid test (rt; cervidtb stat-pak assay, chembio diagnostic systems, inc., usa) in comparison with the comparative cervical skin test (cct). a total of 134 fallow deer were captured between january and march 2008. at time 0, 0.1 ml of avian purified protein derivative (avian ppd; cooper-zeltia, spain), 0.1 ml bovine ppd (cooper-zeltia, spai ... | 2010 | 20605378 |
| fine-tuning the space, time, and host distribution of mycobacteria in wildlife. | we describe the diversity of two kinds of mycobacteria isolates, environmental mycobacteria and mycobacterium bovis collected from wild boar, fallow deer, red deer and cattle in doñana national park (dnp, spain), analyzing their association with temporal, spatial and environmental factors. | 2011 | 21288321 |
| bovine tuberculosis in a nebraska herd of farmed elk and fallow deer: a failure of the tuberculin skin test and opportunities for serodiagnosis. | in 2009, mycobacterium bovis infection was detected in a herd of 60 elk (cervus elaphus) and 50 fallow deer (dama dama) in nebraska, usa. upon depopulation of the herd, the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (tb) was estimated at ∼71-75%, based upon histopathology and culture results. particularly with elk, gross lesions were often severe and extensive. one year ago, the majority of the elk had been tested for tb by single cervical test (sct), and all were negative. after initial detection of a t ... | 2011 | 21547234 |
| performance of immunochromatographic and elisa tests for detecting fallow deer infected with mycobacterium bovis. | fallow deer (dama dama) are widely distributed as natural or naturalised populations, as well as in game parks and deer farms. we used 157 fallow deer sampled in populations considered to be mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc) free and 73 mycobacterium bovis-infected fallow deer confirmed postmortem by culture to evaluate the diagnostic performance of two tests for the detection of anti-mycobacterial antibodies: the dual path platform (dpp) vettb assay and the bovine purified protein deriva ... | 2011 | 22071126 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors associated to mycobacterium bovis in wild artiodactyl species from southern spain, 2006-2010. | the control of bovine tuberculosis (btb) is at a critical point in the last stage of eradication in livestock. wildlife species recently have emerged infected with tb in europe, particularly ungulates in the iberian peninsula. epidemiological information regarding tb in wild ungulates including affected species, prevalence, associated risk factors and appropriate diagnostic methods need to be obtained in these countries. a cross-sectional study was carried out on wild artiodactyl species, includ ... | 2012 | 22523563 |
| first report of mycobacterium bovis isolation from a european fallow deer (dama dama dama) in iran. | at present, most of iran is free of bovine tuberculosis (tb). the strategy of control and eradication in iran involves a tuberculation test and slaughter of reactors, a procedure transformed the present-day prevalence of tb into a sporadic occurrence. this paper describes the first report of bovine tuberculosis in a european fallow deer (dama dama dama) in iran. the deer was emaciated and found dead in the hoveize provincial zoo park. post-mortem examinations revealed multifocal granulomatous an ... | 2016 | 27648426 |
| an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in a fallow deer herd (dama dama) in sicily. | wild ruminants have an important role in the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis (btb). this study describes an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis occurring in a fallow deer herd in sicily. in 2012 a sicilian herd of 47 animals was referred for cachexia. pathological examination of 2 dead animals revealed disseminated granulomas predominantly involving the skin and subcutaneous tissues. tissue samples were submitted for histological analysis, bacteriological culture, and biomolecular assay. pcr ana ... | 2016 | 27234548 |
| mycobacterium spp. in wild game in slovenia. | wildlife species are an important reservoir of mycobacterial infections that may jeopardise efforts to control and eradicate bovine tuberculosis (btb), caused by mycobacterium bovis. slovenia is officially free of btb, but no data on the presence of mycobacteria in wild animals has been reported. in this study, samples of liver and lymph nodes were examined from 306 apparently healthy free-range wild animals of 13 species in slovenia belonging to the families cervidae, suidae, canidae, mustelida ... | 2016 | 26639827 |
| immunopathology of granulomas produced by mycobacterium bovis in naturally infected wild boar. | limited information has been published on the wild boar immune response against bovine tuberculosis (btb) and the immunopathogenesis of the pathological hallmark (granuloma) in this species. the main objectives of this study were, on the one hand, to characterize the histopathological features (number of acid-fast bacilli (afb) and multinucleated giant cells (mngcs) and the immunohistochemical distribution of different cell subsets (cd3+, cd79a+ and mac387+) and chemical mediators (inos and ifn- ... | 2013 | 24144683 |
| histological and immunohistochemical characterisation of mycobacterium bovis induced granulomas in naturally infected fallow deer (dama dama). | mycobacterium bovis infections in fallow deer have been reported in different countries and play an important role in the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis (btb), together with other deer species. there is little knowledge of the pathogenesis of btb in fallow deer. the aim of this study was to perform a histopathological characterisation of the granulomas induced by m. bovis in this species and the immunohistochemical distribution of different cell subsets (cd3+, cd79+, macrophages) and chemic ... | 2012 | 22763148 |