| diversity of human colonic butyrate-producing bacteria revealed by analysis of the butyryl-coa:acetate coa-transferase gene. | butyrate-producing bacteria play an important role in the human colon, supplying energy to the gut epithelium and regulating host cell responses. in order to explore the diversity and culturability of this functional group, we designed degenerate primers to amplify butyryl-coa:acetate coa-transferase sequences from faecal samples provided by 10 healthy volunteers. eighty-eight per cent of amplified sequences showed >98% dna sequence identity to coa-transferases from cultured butyrate-producing b ... | 2010 | 19807780 |
| linking phylogenetic identities of bacteria to starch fermentation in an in vitro model of the large intestine by rna-based stable isotope probing. | carbohydrates, including starches, are an important energy source for humans, and are known for their interactions with the microbiota in the digestive tract. largely, those interactions are thought to promote human health. using 16s ribosomal rna (rrna)-based stable isotope probing (sip), we identified starch-fermenting bacteria under human colon-like conditions. to the microbiota of the tim-2 in vitro model of the human colon 7.4 g l(-1) of [u-(13)c]-starch was added. rna extracted from lumen ... | 2009 | 19128319 |
| mucosa-associated bacterial diversity in relation to human terminal ileum and colonic biopsy samples. | little is known about bacterial communities that colonize mucosal surfaces in the human gastrointestinal tract, but they are believed to play an important role in host physiology. the objectives of this study were to investigate the compositions of these populations in the distal small bowel and colon. healthy mucosal tissue from either the terminal ileum (n = 6) or ascending (n = 8), transverse (n = 8), or descending colon (n = 4) of 26 patients (age, 68.5 +/- 1.2 years [mean +/- standard devia ... | 2007 | 17890331 |
| isoflavones and functional foods alter the dominant intestinal microbiota in postmenopausal women. | dietary phytoestrogens, such as isoflavones, are used as food additives to prevent menopause-related disorders. in addition to other factors, their bioavailability strongly depends on the activity of intestinal bacteria but the underlying interactions remain poorly understood. a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was undertaken with 39 postmenopausal women to characterize changes in the dominant microbial communities of the intestinal tract after 2 mo of isoflavone supplementatio ... | 2005 | 16317121 |
| quantification of uncultured ruminococcus obeum-like bacteria in human fecal samples by fluorescent in situ hybridization and flow cytometry using 16s rrna-targeted probes. | a 16s rrna-targeted probe was designed and validated in order to quantify the number of uncultured ruminococcus obeum-like bacteria by fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish). these bacteria have frequently been found in 16s ribosomal dna clone libraries prepared from bacterial communities in the human intestine. thirty-two reference strains from the human intestine, including a phylogenetically related strain and strains of some other ruminococcus species, were used as negative controls and di ... | 2002 | 12200269 |
| oligofructose and long-chain inulin: influence on the gut microbial ecology of rats associated with a human faecal flora. | dietary incorporation of fermentable, indigestible fructans may be of benefit to gastrointestinal health by providing short-chain fatty acids, stimulating the proliferation of bifidobacteria or lactobacilli and suppressing potential pathogenic organisms in the gut. we tested the hypothesis that the effects of fructans on caecal, colonic and faecal short-chain fatty acid concentration and microflora composition depend on their chain length. germ-free rats associated with a human faecal flora were ... | 2001 | 11502244 |
| purification, cloning, and characterization of an arylsulfotransferase from the anaerobic bacterium eubacterium rectale iiih. | a bacterium, eubacterium rectale iiih, which possessed arylsulfotransferase (asst) activity was isolated from human feces. the asst gene (asta) was cloned and the corresponding protein partially characterized. this gene shows only moderate homology to the previously sequenced asst genes of klebsiella and enterobacter, which are very closely related to each other. | 2000 | 11320417 |
| fermentation rs3 derived from sago and rice starch with clostridium butyricum bcc b2571 or eubacterium rectale dsm 17629. | resistant starch type 3 (rs3) is retrograded starch which is not digested by human starch degrading enzyme, and will thus undergo bacterial degradation in the colon. the main fermentation products are the short chain fatty acid (scfa): acetate, propionate and butyrate. scfa has significant benefit impact on the metabolism of the host. the objectives of this research were to study the scfa profile produced by colonic butyrate producing bacteria grown in medium containing rs3. rs3 was made from sa ... | 2011 | 21979490 |
| arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides (axos) affect the protein/carbohydrate fermentation balance and microbial population dynamics of the simulator of human intestinal microbial ecosystem. | arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides (axos) are a recently newly discovered class of candidate prebiotics as - depending on their structure - they are fermented in different regions of gastrointestinal tract. this can have an impact on the protein/carbohydrate fermentation balance in the large intestine and, thus, affect the generation of potentially toxic metabolites in the colon originating from proteolytic activity. in this study, we screened different axos preparations for their impact on the in vi ... | 2009 | 21261885 |
| resistant starches types 2 and 4 have differential effects on the composition of the fecal microbiota in human subjects. | to systematically develop dietary strategies based on resistant starch (rs) that modulate the human gut microbiome, detailed in vivo studies that evaluate the effects of different forms of rs on the community structure and population dynamics of the gut microbiota are necessary. the aim of the present study was to gain a community wide perspective of the effects of rs types 2 (rs2) and 4 (rs4) on the fecal microbiota in human individuals. | 2010 | 21151493 |
| dominant and diet-responsive groups of bacteria within the human colonic microbiota. | the populations of dominant species within the human colonic microbiota can potentially be modified by dietary intake with consequences for health. here we examined the influence of precisely controlled diets in 14 overweight men. volunteers were provided successively with a control diet, diets high in resistant starch (rs) or non-starch polysaccharides (nsps) and a reduced carbohydrate weight loss (wl) diet, over 10 weeks. analysis of 16s rrna sequences in stool samples of six volunteers detect ... | 2011 | 20686513 |
| quantitative differences in intestinal faecalibacterium prausnitzii in obese indian children. | gut bacteria contribute to energy conservation in man through their ability to ferment unabsorbed carbohydrate. the present study examined the composition of predominant faecal microbiota in obese and non-obese children. the participants (n 28) aged 11-14 years provided fresh faecal samples and completed a dietary survey consisting of 24 h diet recall and a ffq of commonly used foods taken over the previous 3 months. faecal bacteria were quantitated by real-time pcr using primers targeted at 16s ... | 2010 | 19849869 |
| effects of alternative dietary substrates on competition between human colonic bacteria in an anaerobic fermentor system. | duplicate anaerobic fermentor systems were used to examine changes in a community of human fecal bacteria supplied with different carbohydrate energy sources. a panel of group-specific fluorescent in situ hybridization probes targeting 16s rrna sequences revealed that the fermentors supported growth of a greater proportion of bacteroides and a lower proportion of gram-positive anaerobes related to faecalibacterium prausnitzii, ruminococcus flavefaciens-ruminococcus bromii, eubacterium rectale-cl ... | 2003 | 12571040 |