| dirofilaria repens manifesting as a breast nodule. diagnostic problems and epidemiologic considerations. | human dirofilarial infections characteristically manifest as pulmonary 'coin' lesions or as subcutaneous nodules. reported is a case of subcutaneous dirofilaria infection that first manifested as a painful breast nodule, necessitating excisional biopsy and frozen section interpretation to rule out incipient carcinoma. histologic examination revealed a viable, adult female dirofilaria repens, a nematode commonly found in dogs and cats throughout parts of europe, africa, and asia. the patient, a g ... | 1992 | 1575206 |
| filariasis in ceylon then (1961) and in sri lanka now (1990-30 years on). | the changes in the prevalence and distribution of bancroftian filariasis in ceylon/sri lanka since professor kershaw's visit in 1961 show that the infection has spread over a wider area, although the microfilaria rates have decreased. new information is available on the vector, culex quinquefasciatus, and more details are available on the animal filariae and their vectors. dirofilaria repens infection of dogs is now a proven zoonosis in the country. | 1991 | 1888209 |
| morphological studies on the larval stages of three species of setaria and dirofilaria repens. | this paper reports for the first time the morphology of larval stages of setaria labiato-papillosa. the infective larvae of this species had two circles of small papillae on the cephalic end, 4 papillae for outer circle and 6 for inner circle. the caudal end of s. labiato-papillosa is in digital form with 3 transversally arranged papillae. there are 2 circles of small papillae on the cephalic end of s. leichungwingi and s. equina, 4 for each circle; the caudal terminal of the former species is w ... | 1990 | 1976274 |
| the effect of infection with brugia pahangi and dirofilaria repens on the egg-production of aedes aegypti. | | 1974 | 4480018 |
| zoonotic implications of cats and dogs in filarial transmission in peninsular malaysia. | filarial infections in 447 cats and 68 dogs from six endemic areas of human filariasis in peninsular malaysia were studied as part of the study on the zoonotic transmission of subperiodic brugia malayi infection. 20.6% of cats and 57.4% of dogs had filarial infections. cats were infected with subperiodic b. malayi, b. pahangi, dirofilaria repens and d. immitis. dogs were infected with b. pahangi and d. immitis. 6.9% of the cats had subperiodic b. malayi infection. the zoonotic implications of th ... | 1980 | 7210162 |
| prevalence of microfilaraemia in episodic weakness and clinically normal dogs belonging to hunting breeds. | blood samples from 50 dogs with episodic weakness and 50 clinically normal dogs, all belonging to hunting breeds, were examined for microfilariae using the modified knott's method. the prevalence of microfilaraemia in dogs belonging to the episodic weakness group was 10% for dirofilaria immitis, 30% for dirofilaria repens and 8% for acanthocheilonema reconditum. in the clinically normal group, the figures were 14% for dirofilaria repens and 4% for acanthocheilonema reconditum. the overall percen ... | 1994 | 7829845 |
| dirofilariasis in kuwait: first report of human infection due to dirofilaria repens in the arabian gulf. | zoonotic dirofilariasis has been reported sporadically from many areas of the world but thus far, there are no such reports from the arabian peninsula. we present the first report of human dirofilariasis from this region in the middle east and discuss the significance of the finding. a fixed, elongated mass in the abdominal wall of a 50-year-old kuwaiti man was excised and a worm was identified in an abscess in tissue sections. the location of the nodule in subcutaneous tissue, the diameter of t ... | 1994 | 7985751 |
| dirofilaria repens: cloning and characterization of a repeated dna sequence for the diagnosis of dirofilariasis in dogs, canis familiaris. | a highly repetitive dna element from the genome of the filarial nematode dirofilaria repens has been cloned and sequenced. the 176-base pair repeating units are arranged in direct tandem and are clustered in the parasite genome. all repeats appear to belong to a single family although some elements have diverged significantly. the repeats are present in about 15,000 copies and constitute approximately 3.0% of the parasite genome. the cloned repetitive sequence hybridized only to d. repens dna an ... | 1994 | 8162959 |
| advances in the identification of dirofilaria repens and dirofilaria immitis by a pcr-based approach. | the differential epidemiology of d. repens and d. immitis is still poorly understood due to the lack of a diagnostic method which would make possible the routine identification of these parasites as developing larvae either in the vector or in unsuitable hosts, including man. the pcr-based method here described allows: i) the unambiguous identification of mature and immature adult worms in bioptic material, of microfilariae in blood samples and of developing larvae in mosquito vectors; ii) the a ... | 1997 | 9802101 |
| research of canine filariasis in trapani province (western sicily). morphology on sem of male dirofilaria repens. | the prevalence of canine filariasis was investigated in 4 municipalities of trapani province (campobello di mazara, castelvetrano, marsala and mazara del vallo), an area where 8 human cases of dirofilariasis due to dirofilaria (nochtiella) repens have occurred during the last decade. blood samples were collected late in the afternoon, during august and september 1995, and examined by knott technique for the presence of microfilariae. sixtythree (29.3%) out of 215 domestic dogs (98 males, 117 fem ... | 1997 | 9802102 |
| adult dirofilaria repens in a subcutaneous granuloma on the chest of a dog. | a 10-year-old, 9 kg, intact male crossbred dog was treated for nasal mites with milbemycin oxime using a dose of 1 mg/kg bodyweight orally, three times at 10-day intervals. one month after the initiation of this treatment a subcutaneous nodule developed on the sternum of the dog. the nodule was removed and found to contain a single, 82 mm long, thread-like nematode. several exotic parasites were suspected as possibilities because the dog had been imported to norway from south africa. microfilari ... | 1998 | 9888115 |
| human dirofilaria repens infection in hungary: a case in the spermatic cord and a review of the literature. | orchiectomy was performed in a 37-year-old hungarian man exhibiting a swelling in his right testicle. histology revealed a nodule attached to the spermatic cord, consisting of a granulomatous tissue around sections of a nematode. the worm was identified as dirofilaria repens, an uncommon parasite in hungary. as the patient had been abroad only in italy where cases of dirofilariosis in dogs and humans are relatively frequent, it is assumed that the infection might have been acquired in that count ... | 1999 | 10213931 |
| [dirofilariasis in the practice of an ophthalmologist]. | a youth aged 16 was hospitalized in ophthalmological department for surgical treatment of the lower eyelid chalazion of the left eye. no helminths were diagnosed before surgery. opening of the chalazion resulted in release of a thread-shaped helminth into the wound; the helminth was identified as immature dirofilaria repens female. a solid connective tissue capsule formed round the parasite. routes of dirofilarias infection, its vectors, permanent, intermediate, and accidental hosts, and prevale ... | 2001 | 11521439 |
| systematic review of the distribution of the major vector-borne parasitic infections in dogs and cats in europe. | on the basis of a systematic review of the literature, this paper provides the first evidence-based maps of the distribution of the major vector-borne parasitic infections of dogs and cats in europe. from an initial survey of 894 publications, data from 268 were analysed, summarised and collated. prevalence data were used to calculate the force of infection to provide distribution and incidence maps for canine infections with leishmania infantum, dirofilaria immitis, dirofilaria repens, babesia ... | 2003 | 12572938 |
| dermatitis associated with dirofilaria repens microfilariae in three dogs in saudi arabia. | the presence of microfilariae of the zoonotic nematode dirofilaria repens is reported in three dogs from saudi arabia, manifesting as pruritic dermatitis with signs including erythema, alopecia, papules, crusting and hyperkeratosis. all dogs were found to have concurrent babesiosis. specific treatments against the two conditions led to complete clinical recovery and disappearance of microfilariae from the blood one month later. | 2003 | 12653329 |
| experimental maintenance of dirofilaria repens and d. immitis in dogs. | | 1955 | 14365779 |
| retrospective study on the presence and pathogenicity of dirofilaria repens in 5 dogs and 1 cat from aosta vally. | aosta valley is the only region of italy free of reported human cases of dirofilariosis due to dirofilaria repens. nonetheless, the retrospective analysis of five locally acquired d. repens infections in dogs, seems to indicate that an animal reservoir exist in the area. a feline case imported from camargue, france, is also described. the most common dermatological signs were erythema, alopecia, crusting, papulae and nodules. all patients had lesional pruritus and dogs were affected by concurren ... | 2003 | 14593932 |
| comparison of the acid-phosphatase staining and polymerase chain reaction for detection of dirofilaria repens infection in dogs in korea. | this study was performed to compare acid-phosphatase staining with polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis for the diagnosis of dirofilaria repens infection. the infection of d. repens was confirmed in korean reared german shepherd dogs. knott's tests were carried out for the detection of microfilaria in 543 korean reared german shepherd dogs (255 females and 288 males). eighty four of the 543 dogs (15.5%) showed microfilaria-positive reactions with the modified knott's test, and the test-posit ... | 2004 | 15472472 |
| study of dirofilariasis in a selected area in the western province. | human dirofilariasis is a zoonotic infection caused by the filarial worm, dirofilaria (nochtiella) repens, whose primary host is the dog. this infection is on the increase over the past decade in sri lanka and the prevalence of canine dirofilariasis in the country is also believed to be high. we present here a study on public awareness of dirofilariasis and the prevalence of this infection in dogs in negombo, an urban area that has a high domestic canine population. | 2005 | 16114770 |
| [subcutaneous dirofilaria repens dirofilariasis in the sfax region (tunisia)]. | subcutaneous dirofilariasis is zoonotic infection caused by dirofilaria repens, the principal reservoir of which is the dog. clinical expression is usually benign but problems of differential diagnosis are present in some cases. we report the first case of dirofilariasis diagnosed in our area (sfax, southern tunisia). | 2007 | 17384544 |
| dirofilaria repens diagnosed by the presence of microfilariae in fine needle aspirates: a case report. | dirofilariasis due to dirofilaria repens with viable microfilariae outside the worm have not been reported before. | 2007 | 17718123 |
| human dirofilariasis due to dirofilaria repens mimicking a scrotal tumor. | dirofilariasis due to dirofilaria repens is a rare anthropozoonotic disease, with dogs and cats being the definite hosts for this parasite. this worm is transmitted by various species of mosquitoes and usually presents as a subcutaneous nodule. human cases have been reported from all around the mediterranean, eastern europe, and central and southern asia. in the present case involving a 28-year-old patient of tunisian origin, infection manifested as a nodule in the left epididymis. in the contex ... | 2009 | 18384864 |
| autochthonous dirofilaria (nochtiella) repens infection in dogs in kuwait. | human dirofilariasis caused by dirofilaria repens is a rare but increasingly reported zoonosis in the middle east. however, eligible animal reservoirs seldom have been investigated in the area until now. seven (1.8 percent) out of 381 dogs examined in kuwait carried d. repens microfilariae showing compatible cutaneous clinical signs and positive response to the adulticide and microfilaricide therapies. this study indicates that dogs from kuwait are natural hosts of d. repens and therefore act as ... | 2008 | 18638183 |
| three new cases of human infection with dirofilaria repens, one pulmonary and two subcutaneous, in the egyptian governorate of assiut. | human dirofilariasis caused by dirofilaria repens is a parasitic infection, currently considered to be an emerging zoonosis, that has been observed in many areas of the old world. dogs are the main 'reservoir' host. in humans, d. repens can cause inflammatory nodules, most commonly in the subcutaneous tissues or in the subconjunctival space. lung involvement, which is the most common of the non-cutaneous and non-ocular manifestations, is frequently mis-diagnosed as a primary or metastatic lung t ... | 2008 | 18782489 |
| [dirofilaria in the abdominal cavity]. | number of cases of filariasis have been recently reported in the hungarian medical literature, most of them caused by dirofilaria repens . dirofilaria repens is a mosquito-transmitted filarioid worm in the subcutaneous tissue of dogs and cats. human infection manifests as either subcutaneous nodules or lung parenchymal disease, which may even be asymptomatic. the authors report a human dirofilaria repens infection of the abdominal cavity in a 61-year-old man,who underwent laparotomy for acute ab ... | 2008 | 19028661 |
| [the first autochthonous case of subcutaneous dirofilariosis in austria]. | dirofilaria repens, a common parasite of carnivore mammals, is transmitted by mosquitos and may also infect humans accidentally causing a subcutaneous dirofilariosis. autochthonous infections of dogs, foxes or cats with d. repens has not been found in austria so far; however, 12 cases of imported subcutaneous dirofilariosis in man were noticed between 1981 and 2005. the recent case report deals with the 13(th) human case, which has to be considered as the first autochthonously acquired in austri ... | 2008 | 19066784 |
| parasites on paper--the use of fta elute((r)) for the detection of dirofilaria repens microfilariae in canine blood. | storage of blood samples for subsequent dna extraction without loss of integrity can be difficult under field conditions. filter-based technologies are known to deliver good results for viral, bacterial and protozoan material but have not been tested for blood-dwelling stages of nematodes. in this study whatman fta elute (whatman plc, middlesex, uk) filter technology was tested for its ability to stabilise dna from blood samples of dogs naturally infected with dirofilaria repens for storage prio ... | 2009 | 19211188 |
| climate and dirofilaria infection in europe. | climatic changes, together with an increase in the movement of cats and dogs across europe, have caused an increase in the geographical range of several vector borne parasites like dirofilaria, and in the risk of infection for animals and humans. the present paper reviews the effects of climate and other global drivers on dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens infections in europe and the possible implications on the transmission and control of these mosquito-borne nematodes. in the last sev ... | 2009 | 19398159 |
| dirofilaria infections in working dogs in slovakia. | a monitoring programme aimed at the diagnosis of subcutaneous dirofilariasis and heartworm disease in working (police and military) dogs in slovakia has been performed during the period of september 2007 to february 2008. in co-operation with the ministry of the interior and the ministry of defence, in total, 710 dogs (591 police dogs and 119 military dogs) were investigated for the presence of microfilariae in blood. all police and military dogs in active service held on the territory of slovak ... | 2010 | 19728899 |
| canine and feline vector-borne diseases in italy: current situation and perspectives. | in italy, dogs and cats are at risk of becoming infected by different vector-borne pathogens, including protozoa, bacteria, and helminths. ticks, fleas, phlebotomine sand flies, and mosquitoes are recognized vectors of pathogens affecting cats and dogs, some of which (e.g., anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi, dipylidium caninum, leishmania infantum, dirofilaria immitis, and dirofilaria repens) are of zoonotic concern. recent studies have highlighted the potential of fleas as vectors ... | 2010 | 20145730 |
| elimination of dirofilaria (syn. nochtiella) repens microfilariae in dogs with monthly treatments of moxidectin 2.5%/imidacloprid 10% (advocate, bayer) spot-on. | elimination of microfilaria in dogs infected with zoonotic dirofilaria repens would be desirable to reduce further spread. moxidectin has demonstrated efficacy against microfilariae and safety in dogs infected with dirofilaria immitis and could be an option for controlling d. repens microfilariae. a field study with 64 dogs previously confirmed positive for d. repens microfilaria was conducted in hungary, in which a spot-on product (advocate, bayer) was tested. treatments were applied to 44 dogs ... | 2010 | 20165873 |
| efficacy of moxidectin microsphere sustained release formulation for the prevention of subcutaneous filarial (dirofilaria repens) infection in dogs. | a study was carried out to assess the efficacy of a moxidectin microsphere sustained release (sr) injectable formulation (guardian sr iniettabile, fort dodge) for the prevention of dirofilaria repens infection in experimentally infected dogs. on day 0, 18 beagle dogs, 9 male dogs and 9 female dogs, weighing 12-16 kg were ranked in ascending order of body weight (b.w.) and blocked into pairs. within each pair, dogs were allocated to group 1 or group 2 at random. on the same day, dogs in group 1 w ... | 2010 | 20193980 |
| identification of immunoreactive proteins of dirofilaria immitis and d. repens recognized by sera from patients with pulmonary and subcutaneous dirofilariosis. | human pulmonary and subcutaneous dirofilariosis caused by dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens are worldwide diagnosed with increasing frequency. these species are responsible for the development of benign pulmonary and subcutaneous nodules, respectively, that can be confused with lung or cutaneous cancer. the aim of the present work was to identify d. immitis and d. repens proteins differentially recognized by serum samples from individuals with human pulmonary and subcutaneous dirofilari ... | 2010 | 20197111 |
| [the first foci of dirofilariosis of dogs evoked by dirofilaria repens railliet et henry, 1911 in central poland]. | dirofilariosis is caused by nematodes dirofilaria repens railliet et henry, 1911. this parasitosis is widely distributed in south europe among dogs, cats and wild carnivorous. it occurs also in asia and africa. adult nematodes d. repens locate in nodules, in subcutaneous or intramuscular connective tissue of dogs. the mosquitoes from genera anopheles, aedes and culex are the intermediate hosts and vectors of mentioned parasites. the finding of 6 adult nematodes belonging to the species d. repens ... | 2009 | 20209810 |
| [ocular dirofilariasis: a case report]. | a case of ocular dirofilariasis in a female patient is presented. the zoonosis caused by parasites of the genus dirofilaria is relatively rare in humans, with a higher incidence in south and central europe, asia and africa. in europe, dirofilariasis is mostly caused by the species dirofilaria repens. in the past 50 years, the number of individuals involved has been on an increase, with about 780 cases reported in the literature to date. dirofilaria is a parasite found in the dog, cat, racoon and ... | 2010 | 20653124 |
| human dirofilariosis in the slovak republic - a case report. | the spread of dirofilariosis, as a newly emerging zoonosis, due to global changes has been documented in several central european countries. in slovakia, the first autochthonous case of dirofilariosis was recorded in dogs in 2005. the first case of human subcutaneous dirofilariosis caused by dirofilaria repens was diagnosed in a 60- year-old patient from an area of western slovakia. we report another case of dirofilariosis in a 37-year-old woman living in the same area of south-western slovakia. ... | 2010 | 20684496 |
| preliminary findings on the efficacy of selamectin in the treatment of dogs naturally infected with dirofilaria repens. | subcutaneous dirofilariosis caused by dirofilaria repens is common in dogs and it is an emerging helminthozoonosis in europe, asia, africa and also in hungary. macrocyclic lactones are used for preventing the infection; however, their activity against the microfilariae and mature stages of this species is questionable. selamectin is widely used for the prophylaxis of heartworm (d. immitis) infection. the objective of the present study was to test the microfilaricidal efficacy of the topical form ... | 2010 | 21087910 |
| geographical information systems as a tool in the control of heartworm infections in dogs and cats. | geospatial tools (e.g., geographical information systems, remote sensing, global positioning systems, and virtual globes) are very useful for the simultaneous visualization of health data with environmental data, which holds promise to understand environmental-health linkages and to generate new hypotheses to be tested in future research. current epidemiological studies clearly show that the distribution patterns of vector-borne infections are changing; for example, in europe, heartworm infectio ... | 2011 | 21292404 |
| changing climate and changing vector-borne disease distribution: the example of dirofilaria in europe. | climatic changes, together with an increase in the movement of dogs across europe, have caused an increase in the geographical range of dirofilaria infections. the present paper is focuses on northeastern european countries, where survey data have shown an increase of dirofilaria repens infections both in animals and humans. a growing degree day-based forecast model has been developed to predict the occurrence. the model is based on evidence that there is a threshold of 14 °c below which dirofil ... | 2011 | 21300439 |
| epidemiological aspects on vector-borne infections in stray and pet dogs from romania and hungary with focus on babesia spp. | canine arthropod-borne infections are of major interest in small animal practice and have been widely investigated in central and western europe. however, only limited epidemiological data are available from south-eastern european countries, although diseases including babesiosis or dirofilariosis are widely recognised as important canine infections in these countries. a steadily increasing number of dogs imported from south-eastern europe into germany require particular attention by small anima ... | 2011 | 21947342 |
| role of golden jackals (canis aureus) as natural reservoirs of dirofilaria spp. in romania. | dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens are mosquito-transmitted zoonotic nematodes, causing heartworm disease and skin lesions, respectively, in carnivores. in europe, the domestic dog is apparently the main definitive host, but patent infections occur also in other species of carnivores. the rapid spread of the golden jackals (canis aureus) throughout europe opens a question of involvement of this species in the sylvatic cycle of pathogens in the colonised territories, including dirofilaria ... | 2016 | 27121617 |
| molecular detection of co-infections with anaplasma phagocytophilum and/or babesia canis canis in dirofilaria-positive dogs from slovakia. | recently, several arthropod-borne infections have been introduced into previously non-endemic regions in europe as the result of various global changes. at the same time, endemic regions are expanding and the risk of co-infections is rising, due to climate change that allows vectors to move and spread infectious diseases into new areas. the aim of the current study was to confirm simultaneous infections with anaplasma phagocytophilum and/or babesia canis canis in dirofilaria-infected dogs from s ... | 2014 | 24630708 |
| vector-borne pathogens in ticks and edta-blood samples collected from client-owned dogs, kiev, ukraine. | due to the availability of adequate habitats in urban environments, e.g. city parks and recreational green areas, ticks from such settings may also carry pathogens of veterinary and public health concern. thus, tick-borne infections may readily be identified in companion animals residing in urbanised areas. to investigate the presence of vector-borne pathogens in kiev, ukraine, 52 engorged adult ticks, 33 dermacentor reticulatus and 19 ixodes ricinus, were collected from 15 dogs in the spring of ... | 2013 | 23069260 |
| periorbital dirofilariasis: a rare case from western india. | dirofilariasis is a zoonotic disease caused commonly by dirofilaria repens and dirofilaria immitus. the definitive hosts are domestic dogs and cats. human beings are accidental dead end hosts, and acquire infestation through mosquito bites. so far, very few cases have been reported from western india. we report a case of a 27-year-old male who presented with preseptal cellulitis right eye and a firm mass in the lower lid. histopathological examination after surgical excision of the mass revealed ... | 2016 | 27134918 |
| mosquitoes in the danube delta: searching for vectors of filarioid helminths and avian malaria. | mosquitoes are arthropods of major importance to animal and human health because they are able to transmit pathogenic agents such as filarioids (spirurida), vector-borne nematodes, which reside in the tissues of vertebrates. in europe, recent research has mostly focused on mosquito-borne zoonotic species, while others remain neglected. mosquitoes are also vectors of avian malaria, which has an almost worldwide distribution, and is caused by several plasmodium species and lineages, the most commo ... | 2017 | 28679443 |