| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to porcine group c rotaviruses cross-reactive with group a rotaviruses. | five monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to porcine group (gp) c rotaviruses (cowden and ah strains) reactive with both gp a and c rotaviruses in cell culture immunofluorescence (ccif) tests were produced and characterized. these mabs reacted with three strains of gp a and two strains of gp c rotaviruses in a ccif test and were classified into two groups based on their ccif titers. the mabs also reacted to various degrees with cell-culture-propagated porcine gp c rotavirus (cowden) and bovine gp a rota ... | 1992 | 1384230 |
| detection of group b and c rotaviruses by polymerase chain reaction. | we adapted the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect the noncultivatable group b and c rotaviruses and introduced a simple and convenient technique to purify viral rna from stool specimens. double-stranded rna present in stool extracts was purified by adsorption to hydroxyapatite and was used as the template for reverse transcription and polymerase amplification. primer pairs specific for group b (gene 8) and group c (gene 6) rotaviruses were selected to amplify group-characteristic sizes of ... | 1991 | 1645368 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against an avian group a rotavirus. | fifteen monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against an avian group a rotavirus were cloned and characterized. eight of the 15 mabs had neutralizing activity (n-mabs). five of the n-mabs (1g1, 5b8, 4e2, 3g1, 2e3) were vp4-specific by radioimmunoprecipitation assay (ripa), and two n-mabs (2d11, 6e8) were possibly vp7-specific (faint bands by ripa). one n-mab (4h12) of undefined protein specificity cross-reacted with serotype 3 simian rotaviruses. the other seven n-mabs did not cross-react with any of the ... | 1991 | 1659369 |
| rotavirus excretion by village pigs in papua new guinea. | cohort studies were conducted on 29 pigs from 3 villages in the highlands of papua new guinea. animals ranged in age from 9 d to 5 m old. three hundred and twenty nine faecal samples were collected from individual pigs followed over 3 to 6 w periods, and were examined for group a rotavirus antigen by elisa, and rotaviral genomic rna by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). electron microscopy was also conducted on selected samples. group a rotavirus was detected in the faeces of 16 pigs wit ... | 1991 | 1850980 |
| serotyping of human group a rotavirus with oligonucleotide probes. | rotaviruses (rv) in stools of children with diarrhea in thailand were serotyped by monoclonal enzyme immunoassay (meia), and rna extracted from these specimens were tested for hybridization with oligonucleotides constructed from the nucleotide sequences of vp7 of human serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4. of 178 specimens that contained rv as identified with a monoclonal antibody to group a rv, 84% (149/178) hybridized with serotype-specific oligonucleotides, and 42% (74/178) were serotyped by meia (p less ... | 1990 | 2165109 |
| preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to rotavirus. | by utilizing a strain of cultivable simian rotavirus (sa-11) as an immunizing antigen, we prepared 4 clones of mouse-mouse hybridoma, namely c127, c139, c172, and c214 which secreted monoclonal antibodies against the immunogen itself, sa-11 and also against other group a strains such as wa and s2. western blot analyses revealed that all of these antibodies are directed against vp6, a 42 kda major inner capsid protein of group a rotavirus. competitive experiments suggested that c127, c172 and c21 ... | 1989 | 2469693 |
| monoclonal antibody assay for detection of double-stranded rna and application for detection of group a and non-group a rotaviruses. | fastidious viruses are generally detected in human body fluids by means of immunoassay or nucleic acid hybridization systems. these approaches can be difficult to apply to the detection of viruses which display variations in antigenic or genetic composition. rotaviruses are examples of viruses which can display such variations. recently identified antigenic variants, designated as non-group a rotaviruses, cannot be detected by immunoassays or nucleic acid hybridization assays which utilize reage ... | 1989 | 2536393 |
| experience with an enzyme immunoassay for serotyping human group a rotaviruses. | an enzyme immunoassay utilizing neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to vp7 of four human group a rotavirus serotypes successfully typed rotaviruses in 71.4% (568 of 796) of fecal specimens. sensitivity was enhanced by using homologous capture and detector antibodies. serotyping was most successful with specimens stored for less than 3 years and containing 10(4) or more particles per ml. | 1989 | 2541171 |
| rapid screening test for the diagnosis of rotavirus infection. | the early diagnosis of human rotavirus infection is essential for effective patient management and infection control. we report here a rapid, easy-to-perform, and inexpensive test for rotavirus detection. the viral rna is extracted directly from the stools and electrophoresed on 1% agarose gels. currently available immunoassays for routine diagnostic purposes are directed at the common group a-specific antigen. as reports become available on human gastroenteritis caused by the atypical or novel ... | 1989 | 2555394 |
| use of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies and analysis of viral rna in the detection of unusual group a human rotaviruses. | immuno-enzymatic assay employing monoclonal antibodies and viral rna analysis by gel electrophoresis were used to classify human group a rotaviruses (hrv) into subgroups i and ii. of 249 fecal samples positive for group a rotaviruses, 29 (11%) belonged to subgroup i and 215 (85%) were identified as subgroup ii. two samples (ro-302 and ro-500) contained mixed infections of the two subgroups. three isolates belonged to neither one of the two subgroups, but they did not yield enough viral rna to al ... | 1988 | 2844982 |
| detection of antibody to group b adult diarrhea rotaviruses in humans. | group b rotaviruses have been responsible for annual epidemics of severe diarrhea affecting both adults and children in china. we developed a specific and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent blocking assay to detect antibody to group b rotaviruses that will be useful to assess the role of group b rotavirus infections as a cause of human gastroenteritis. we tested 219 human sera and 18 immunoglobulin pools collected from eight countries for antibodies to both group a and group b rotaviruses. ov ... | 1987 | 3034964 |
| novel rotaviruses in animals and man. | novel (non-group a) rotaviruses have many of the morphological, biochemical and biological properties described originally for group a rotaviruses but they do not share the same group antigens. by negative-stain electron microscopy, novel rotaviruses have the characteristic rotavirus morphology, although with some novel rotaviruses the characteristic single- and double-shelled particles may not be readily apparent. comparison of novel rotaviruses in serological tests has revealed the existence o ... | 1987 | 3036446 |
| heterogeneity of vp4 neutralization epitopes among serotype p1a human rotavirus strains. | we have used serotype-specific vp4 and vp7 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nt-mabs), as well as subgroup (sg)-specific mabs, to characterize by enzyme immunoassay rotavirus strains isolated from diarrheic infants in the city of monterrey, mexico, from july 1993 to march 1994. of a total of 465 children studied, 140 were rotavirus positive, including 3 patients infected with non-group a rotaviruses. the sg and vp7 (g) serotype specificities could be determined for 118 (84%) of the 140 rotavir ... | 1995 | 7583936 |
| identification and expression of the outer capsid protein (vp4) of the idir strain of group b rotavirus. | the polypeptide encoded by gene 3 of the idir strain of group b rotavirus (gbr) was synthesized by means of a baculovirus expression system. immunoblot analysis identified the idir virus gene 3 product as analogous to the outer capsid protein, vp4, encoded by gene 4 of group a rotaviruses (gar). this coding assignment had previously been difficult to establish by sequence comparisons, since idir virus gene 3 shared < 20% identical amino acid sequences with any gar protein. trypsin digestion of t ... | 1993 | 7684874 |
| characterization of the neutralizing epitopes of vp7 of the gottfried strain of porcine rotavirus. | the neutralization epitopes of the outer capsid protein vp7 of a porcine group a rotavirus were studied by using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (n-mabs). six n-mabs which were specific for the vp7 protein of the gottfried strain of porcine rotavirus (serotype g4) were used for analyzing the antigenic sites of vp7. three different approaches were used for this analysis: testing the serological reactivity of each n-mab against different g serotypes of human and animal rotaviruses, analyzing n- ... | 1993 | 7691871 |
| analyses of homologous rotavirus infection in the mouse model. | the group a rotaviruses are significant human and veterinary pathogens in terms of morbidity, mortality, and economic loss. despite its importance, an effective vaccine remains elusive due at least in part to our incomplete understanding of rotavirus immunity and protection. both large and small animal model systems have been established to address these issues. one significant drawback of these models is the lack of well-characterized wild-type homologous viruses and their cell culture-adapted ... | 1995 | 7871723 |
| effect of orally administered epidermal growth factor on intestinal recovery of neonatal pigs infected with rotavirus. | the effect of oral epidermal growth factor (egf) on histological and biochemical changes in epithelium in the small intestine was studied in colostrum-deprived neonatal pigs. forty-eight pigs were infected at 4 days of age with 2 x 10(7) plaque-forming units of porcine group a rotavirus and orally fed a simulated sow-milk diet supplemented with 0.0, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/l recombinant human egf. sixteen noninfected pigs were fed a diet without egf supplementation. infected pigs developed severe diarrhe ... | 1994 | 7876990 |
| [the detection of atypical human rotaviruses and their characteristics]. | the electrophoretic typing of 1,370 rotavirus strains revealed the presence of group c rotaviruses in 1.3% of cases. in the arkhangelsk region group c rotaviruses were detected in 34.4% of cases. the detected group c rotaviruses were shown to be no different in their morphology from typical ones; they were characterized by the variability of their genome and the absence of hybridization with rna of group a rotaviruses. group c rotaviruses were detected in children aged 3-6 years; in this age gro ... | 1994 | 8017112 |
| vp4 typing of bovine and porcine group a rotaviruses by pcr. | a pcr typing assay was developed to identify rotavirus p types (vp4 specificity) of bovine ncdv, uk, and b223 strains and porcine osu and gottfried strains. thirty-nine human and animal strains representing all known, and some undefined, rotavirus p types were used to develop and evaluate the specificity of the method. no cross-amplification was observed. the pcr results agreed with previous characterizations by monoclonal antibodies, sequence analysis, and hybridization assays, except for the g ... | 1994 | 8051262 |
| group b rotavirus vp2: sequence analysis, expression, and gene coding assignment. | the second largest genomic segment of the idir strain (infectious diarrhea of infant rats) of group b rotavirus (gbr) was completely sequenced, cloned, and expressed in insect cells, and its gene coding assignment was determined. the sequence of idir virus gene 2 (idirg2) contained 2847 bp with a single, long open reading frame that encoded a deduced polypeptide of 934 amino acids (m(r) 106 kda, pi 5.325). bestfit homology indicated that the predicted amino acid sequence of idirg2 shared 46.5% s ... | 1994 | 8116237 |
| cloning sequencing and expression of the gene encoding the vp2 protein of the human group b rotavirus, adrv. | adult diarrheal rotavirus, adrv, is a noncultivable human group b rotavirus. a complete cdna copy of adrv gene segment 2 has been cloned and sequenced. gene segment 2 contains 2844 bases and encodes one long open reading frame beginning at base 14 and terminating at base 2812. gene 2 encodes a protein containing 933 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 105.6 kda and a pl of 5.5. the gene 2 polypeptide contains significant homology with the vp2 protein which comprises the core of gro ... | 1994 | 8178482 |
| evaluation of a probe hybridisation serotyping method for group a rotavirus. | serotype-specificity and sensitivity of oligonucleotide probes to serotype human rotaviruses was assessed. probes could detect as little as 6.3 ng of homologous rna and none reacted with as much as 100 ng of heterologous rna. northern-blot analysis revealed that probes reacted with one of genomic segments 7, 8 or 9 of corresponding serotypes. | 1993 | 8263303 |
| group a rotaviruses produce extrahepatic biliary obstruction in orally inoculated newborn mice. | extrahepatic biliary atresia is a devastating disease occurring in 1 in 10,000 to 14,000 infants annually in the united states. we have recently described preliminary data suggesting an association of group c rotavirus with biliary atresia in two infants. however, a group c rotavirus animal model of biliary atresia is not presently available. on the other hand, some strains of the better-characterized and much more common group a rotaviruses produce hepatobiliary disease in infant mice. this dis ... | 1993 | 8386833 |
| molecular characterization of the 11th rna segment from human group c rotavirus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of genome segment 11 from the noncultivatable, human group c rotavirus (bristol strain) was determined. comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the segment termini with the consensus 5' and 3' terminal noncoding sequences of the human group c rotavirus genome revealed characteristic 5' and 3' sequences. human group c rotavirus genome segment 11 is 613 bp long and encodes a single open reading frame of 450 nucleotides (150 amino acids) starting at nucleotide 39 a ... | 1995 | 8560785 |
| genetic and antigenic characterization of a serotype g6 human rotavirus isolated in melbourne, australia. | an unusual rotavirus strain, mg6, was isolated from a 16-month-old child admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis. the virus could not be serotyped (g-typed) by enzyme immunoassay using standard reagents specific for common serotypes of human group a rotaviruses. nucleotide sequencing of cdna derived from the gene encoding the outer capsid protein, vp7, and deduction of the vp7 amino acid sequence indicated that this strain belonged to serotype g6, a serotype normally associated with viru ... | 1995 | 8636702 |
| hyperimmune cow colostrum reduces diarrhoea due to rotavirus: a double-blind, controlled clinical trial. | the therapeutic efficacy of hyperimmune bovine colostrum (hbc) from cows immunized with four serotypes of human rotavirus was evaluated in a double-blind, randomized trial in 75 boys, aged 6-24 months, infected with rotavirus diarrhoea. the treatment group received 100 ml of hbc three times a day for 3 consecutive days, while the controls received the same amount of bovine colostrum from significantly shorter duration of diarrhoea than the controls (median 56 versus 72 h (p<0.001); confidence in ... | 1995 | 8652974 |
| natural history of human rotavirus infection. | rotavirus infections occur repeatedly in humans from birth to old age. most are asymptomatic or are associated with mild enteric symptoms. infection in young children can be accompanied by severe life-threatening diarrhea, most commonly after primary infection. annual childhood morbidity rates for severe diarrhea are similar worldwide. mortality rates are low in developed countries but approach 1,000,000 annually in young children in developing countries. rotaviruses can be classified into group ... | 1996 | 9015109 |
| seroepidemiology of human group c rotavirus in the uk. | the gene coding for the major inner capsid protein vp6 of human group c rotavirus was cloned into baculovirus using the pbluebac2 vector and expressed in insect cells. when cultured in high five cells, vp6 was expressed at a high level and exported to the cell culture medium. purified vp6 was used to immunise rabbits. hyperimmune rabbit serum, which reacted with native human group c rotavirus in infected cells, was used to develop and optimise an eia for the detection of antibodies to group c ro ... | 1997 | 9131463 |
| prevalence and characteristics of severe rotavirus infections in nicaraguan children. | we analyzed the prevalence of rotavirus in 296 children age between 3 and 36 months who were hospitalized in 1994 with severe gastro-enteritis at two health centres for diarrhoea treatment in león, nicaragua. enteric viruses were detected in 96 (32.4%) of the children and rotaviruses were the most common pathogens detected in 84 (28%). the majority of rotavirus infections occurred in children less than 1 year old and all strains isolated belonged to subgroup ii and had 'long' rna patterns. molec ... | 1997 | 9176574 |
| comparison of enzyme immunoassay, pcr, and type-specific cdna probe techniques for identification of group a rotavirus gene 4 types (p types). | this study was designed to evaluate three techniques most commonly used to identify the vp4 (p) types of human group a fecal rotaviruses. the techniques included pcr with nested primers and hybridization with pcr-generated probes (to determine the p genotypes). the results obtained by these genetic techniques were evaluated against those obtained by an enzyme immunoassay (eia) incorporating neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (n-mabs) reacting with three major human p serotypes (serotypes p1a, p1 ... | 1997 | 9399502 |
| survey of human group c rotaviruses in japan during the winter of 1992 to 1993. | fecal specimens from patients with acute diarrhea were collected from 10 prefectures in japan over a 6-month period (november 1992 to april 1993), and the specimens that were negative for human group a rotaviruses were screened for the presence of human group c rotaviruses (chrvs) by the reverse passive hemagglutination test. of 784 specimens examined, 53 samples (6.8%) that were collected in 7 of 10 prefectures were positive for chrv, indicating that chrvs are widely distributed across japan. m ... | 1998 | 9431910 |
| prevalence of human group a rotavirus serotypes in pune, india (1990-1993). | a total of 205 specimens positive for rotaviruses obtained during 1990-93 surveillance studies of hospitalized patients with diarrhoea were tested by elisa for g serotypes. of these, 107 (52.19%) specimens could be serotyped. seventy four specimens were assigned to one of the g1-g4 serotypes. of the 74 specimens, 49 (66.2%) reacted with mab against g2. of 107 typeable specimens, 33 showed dual or multiple reactivity. eighteen specimens reacted with mab specific to g1 and g2 serotypes. five speci ... | 1997 | 9439097 |
| conserved structural features of nonstructural glycoprotein nsp4 between group a and group c rotaviruses. | the nonstructural glycoprotein nsp4 of group c human rotavirus strain ehime 9301 was determined to be 150 amino acids in length and 96% identical with the nsp4 of another group c human rotavirus strain bristol. both nsp4 sequences were virtually unrelated to group a rotavirus nsp4s. however, the structural features of group a and group c rotavirus nsp4s were similar with hydrophobic domains being in the amino terminus and a coiled coil domain after the membrane-spanning domain, although group c ... | 1997 | 9672644 |
| vp7 and vp4 genotyping of human group a rotavirus in buenos aires, argentina. | specific and sensitive tests for the detection and typing of group a rotavirus strains are needed for a more comprehensive knowledge of the epidemiology of rotaviral infection. in this study 500 stool specimens taken from 1996 to 1998 from children with acute diarrhea in buenos aires were examined. group a rotavirus was unequivocally demonstrated in 62% of the samples tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of vp6 antigen, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of double-st ... | 2000 | 10618096 |
| genotyping of group a rotavirus samples from brazilian children by probe hybridization. | the g genotyping of 74 group a rotavirus samples was done by rna-dna hybridization (dot-blot) using oligonucleotide probes for the vp7 gene region of the human rotavirus serotypes/genotypes 1, 2, 3 and 4. thirty-one samples could be genotyped by dot-blot showing the following results: g1 = 16, g4 = 6, g3 = 5, and g2 = 4. the data show circulation of genotypes g1-g4 and the predominance of g1. the knowledge of genotypes provides important information concerning rotavirus circulation in central br ... | 2001 | 11285457 |
| human group c rotavirus: completion of the genome sequence and gene coding assignments of a non-cultivatable rotavirus. | genome segments 1 and 2 of human group c rotavirus 'bristol' strain were sequenced and their gene-protein coding properties assigned. this work completed the genome sequence of a human group c rotavirus (17,910 bp) and allowed the full gene-protein coding assignment of the 11 segments of dsrna. gene 1 is 3309 bp in size and contains a single orf of 3272 nucleotides, encoding a protein of 1090 amino acids in length with a predicted molecular mass of 125 kda. comparison of the translated sequence ... | 2002 | 11864750 |
| molecular characterization of vp6 genes of human rotavirus isolates: correlation of genogroups with subgroups and evidence of independent segregation. | a reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) was established to amplify a 379-bp cdna fragment (nucleotides 747 to 1126, coding for amino acids 241 to 367) of the vp6 gene of group a rotaviruses associated with subgroup (sg) specificity. thirty-eight human rotavirus strains characterized with sg-specific monoclonal antibodies were subjected to vp6-specific rt-pcr, and pcr amplicons were used for sequencing. nucleic acid sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the vp6 amplicons revealed two clusters, or ... | 2002 | 12050372 |
| detection and genotyping of human group a rotaviruses by oligonucleotide microarray hybridization. | a rapid and reliable method for the identification of five clinically relevant g genotypes (g1 to g4 and g9) of human rotaviruses based on oligonucleotide microarray hybridization has been developed. the genotype-specific oligonucleotides immobilized on the surface of glass slides were selected to bind to the multiple target regions within the vp7 gene that are highly conserved among individual rotavirus genotypes. rotavirus cdna was amplified in a pcr with primers common to all group a rotaviru ... | 2002 | 12089254 |
| clinical utility of nested multiplex rt-pcr for group f adenovirus, rotavirus and norwalk-like viruses in acute viral gastroenteritis in children and adults. | the diagnosis of viral gastroenteritis can be carried out by non-molecular techniques such as electron microscopy (em), enzyme-immunoassay and latex agglutination tests and various molecular techniques. normally molecular detection requires the use of three separate protocols to detect the three main causes of viral gastroenteritis, adenoviruses, rotaviruses and norwalk-like viruses (nlv) which have different types of nucleic acid. the development of a sensitive and specific assay which could de ... | 2002 | 12423697 |
| evaluation of a human group a rotavirus assay for on-site detection of bovine rotavirus. | neonatal diarrhea induced by bovine group a rotavirus causes significant economic loss in the dairy and beef industry due to increased morbidity and mortality, treatment costs, and reduced growth rates. the objective of this study was to evaluate a human group a rotavirus assay (immunocardstat rotavirus [ics-rv]) as an on-site diagnostic test for bovine rotavirus. when used with a collection of bovine diarrhea samples submitted to the virology section of the diagnostic center for population and ... | 2003 | 12517863 |
| [etiological study on human rotavirus infections in children with acute gastroenteritis]. | to understand the etiology of human rotavirus infections in children with acute gastroenteritis in china. | 2001 | 12526305 |
| genetic variability of human rotavirus strains isolated from eastern and northern india. | an epidemiological study was conducted in eastern and northern india to determine the genomic diversity of rotaviruses in these parts of the country. in 2001, a total of 126 group a rotavirus positive samples were detected from children below 4 years of age with diarrhoea from kolkata, dibrugarh and bhubaneswar in eastern india, and chandigarh, a city in northern india. all the samples were genotyped for vp7 (g-type) and vp4 (p-type) gene by reverse transcription (rt) and multiplex pcr using dif ... | 2004 | 14635025 |
| molecular characterization of the major capsid protein vp6 of bovine group b rotavirus and its use in seroepidemiology. | the major inner capsid protein (vp6) gene of the bovine group b rotavirus (gbr) nemuro strain is 1269 nt in length and contains one open reading frame encoding 391 aa. nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities of the nemuro vp6 gene compared with the published corresponding human and rodent gbr genes were respectively 66-67 and 70-72 %, which are notably lower than those between human and rodent viruses (72-73 and 83-84 %, respectively). overall identities of vp6 genes among gbrs were substa ... | 2005 | 16099916 |
| detection and molecular characterisation of group a rotavirus from children in northern botswana. | to determine the presence of group a rotavirus in human stool samples in northern botswana and to characterise the circulating strains. | 2005 | 16122089 |
| detection and characterization of human group c rotaviruses in bangladesh. | group c rotaviruses were detected by reverse transcription-pcr in 14 (2.3%) of 611 group a rotavirus-negative stool specimens from the patients admitted to the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh hospital, dhaka, bangladesh, during july to december 2003. the low rate of detection suggested that infection with group c rotaviruses was an uncommon cause of hospitalization due to gastroenteritis. in addition, coinfections with pathogenic enteric bacteria were frequently ... | 2005 | 16145092 |
| emergence of human g9 rotavirus with an exceptionally high frequency in children admitted to hospital with diarrhea in chiang mai, thailand. | among 315 fecal specimens collected from children hospitalized with diarrhea in chiang mai, thailand, in 2000-2001, group a rotavirus was detected in 107 (34.0%). of these, 98 (91.6%) were g9, 6 (5.6%) were g3 and 3 (2.8%) were g2, respectively. identification of their p-types demonstrated that 103 (96.3%) were p[8], 3 (2.8%) were p[4], and 1 (0.9%) was p[3] genotypes. determination of g- and p-type combination revealed that all of g9 isolates were associated with p[8]. g9p[8] was the most predo ... | 2006 | 16372282 |
| comparative molecular characterization of gene segment 11-derived nsp6 from lamb rotavirus llr strain used as a human vaccine in china. | sequence-length polymorphism is known for rotavirus genetic segment 11 (encodes non-structural protein, nsp6). with the exception of 11 strains that have the coding potential for a 98-residue nsp6, majority of the strains have the potential for a 92-residue nsp6. in nine strains, the coding potential for this protein is even shorter. this report focuses on the nsp6 gene nucleotide sequence of lanzhou lamb rotavirus (llr) strain and its comparative molecular characterization. the llr strain is a ... | 2006 | 16492399 |
| molecular characterization of a porcine group a rotavirus strain with g12 genotype specificity. | a porcine group a rotavirus strain (ru172) was detected and molecularly characterized during a surveillance study conducted for rotavirus infection in a pig farm located in a suburban area of kolkata city, india. the g12 genotype specificity of ru172 was revealed by pcr-based genotyping assays following addition of a g12 type-specific primer (designed in our laboratory to pick up g12 isolates from field samples) and was confirmed by sequence analysis of the vp7-encoding gene. the ru172 strain ex ... | 2006 | 16502286 |
| changing pattern of human group a rotaviruses: emergence of g12 as an important pathogen among children in eastern india. | rotavirus genotypes, g1-g4 and g9 are associated with childhood diarrhoea throughout the world. in our previous study, we detected g1, g2, g4 and three g12 strains from kolkata, india. | 2006 | 16679056 |
| genetic characterization of vp3 gene of group a rotaviruses. | we sequenced vp3 gene of four rotavirus strains and examined the diversity of vp3 and its other genetic characteristics in a total of 22 group a rotaviruses. the 22 rotavirus strains were derived from six different host species (human, avian, bovine, equine, simian and porcine). comparison of the partial vp3 peptide sequences (aa 141-294) showed identities ranging from 49 to 99% among different species. the phylogenetic analysis of vp3 sequences revealed segregation according to the species orig ... | 2006 | 16972027 |
| molecular characterisation of the rotavirus strains prevalent in maua, meru north, kenya. | rotavirus is the most common cause of severe infantile diarrhoea disease in infants and young children below five years worldwide. rotavirus is associated with high cases of morbidity and mortality and it is estimated that up to 650,000 deaths in young children occur annually in the less developed countries and approximately 150,000-200,000 deaths occur in africa alone. | 2006 | 17089495 |
| molecular epidemiologic analysis of group a rotaviruses in adults and children with diarrhea in wuhan city, china, 2000-2006. | to compare epidemiologic features and genetic characteristics of group a rotaviruses causing diarrhea in children and adults, a survey was conducted in wuhan, china, during the period of dec. 2000-may 2006. a total of 3839 stool specimens from diarrheal patients from eight hospitals were analyzed. winter seasonality was observed for rotavirus diarrhea in both adults and children, showing overall rotavirus-positive rates of 9.0 and 23.9%, respectively. throughout the study period, g3 was the most ... | 2007 | 17195953 |
| evidence for bovine origin of vp4 and vp7 genes of human group a rotavirus g6p[14] and g10p[14] strains. | | 2007 | 17537935 |
| electropherotypes of rotaviruses in children less than 5 years old in abidjan, cote d'ivoire in 1997. | rotaviruses are associated with gastroenteritis in human infants and the young of many species. in this study, we analysed the circulating strains of human rotavirus isolated from young children in abidjan by electrophoresis of the viral rna genome in agarose gels. rotavirus strains were identified in 33 children less than two years of age in the yopougon district of abidjan, cote d'lvoire. viral rna was extracted from the stools by phenol-chloroform treatment at 56 degrees c, followed by centri ... | 2001 | 17650045 |
| full genome-based classification of rotaviruses reveals a common origin between human wa-like and porcine rotavirus strains and human ds-1-like and bovine rotavirus strains. | group a rotavirus classification is currently based on the molecular properties of the two outer layer proteins, vp7 and vp4, and the middle layer protein, vp6. as reassortment of all the 11 rotavirus gene segments plays a key role in generating rotavirus diversity in nature, a classification system that is based on all the rotavirus gene segments is desirable for determining which genes influence rotavirus host range restriction, replication, and virulence, as well as for studying rotavirus epi ... | 2008 | 18216098 |
| development of a rapid and sensitive latex agglutination-based method for detection of group a rotavirus. | considering the background of morbidity and mortality caused by human rotavirus, detection methods that use rotavirus group antigen (vp6) in either enzyme immunoassay (eia) or latex agglutination test (lat) has been employed routinely in clinical diagnostic and epidemiological studies. in order to develop a rapid and sensitive rotavirus group a lat, part of segment 6 corresponding to conserved n-terminal portion of the vp6 (1-245 aa) was cloned in escherichia coli expression pgex vector (glutath ... | 2008 | 18241934 |
| full genomic analysis of human rotavirus strain tb-chen isolated in china. | a g2p[4]/nsp4[a] rotavirus strain tb-chen was isolated from a 2-year-old patient hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in kunming, china. the strain tb-chen was demonstrated having group a-specific antigenicity, a "short" (subgroup ii) electropherotype. to investigate its overall genomic relatedness and to determine which group it belonged, the complete genome of strain tb-chen was determined. genomic comparison based on amino acid sequence identity and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all ... | 2008 | 18329063 |
| human, porcine and bovine rotaviruses in slovenia: evidence of interspecies transmission and genome reassortment. | a surveillance of human, porcine and bovine rotaviruses was carried out in slovenia in 2004 and 2005. stool samples were collected from a total of 406 pigs (373 from asymptomatic animals), 132 cattle (126 from asymptomatic animals) and 241 humans (all with diarrhoea), tested for group a rotaviruses using rt-pcr and analysed by sequencing. the aims of the study were to determine the incidence of asymptomatic rotavirus infection in animals, to look for evidence of zoonotic transmission and to dete ... | 2008 | 18559940 |
| molecular characterization of the nsp4 gene of human group a rotavirus samples from the west central region of brazil. | nonstructural protein 4 (nsp4), encoded by group a rotavirus genome segment 10, is a multifunctional protein and the first recognized virus-encoded enterotoxin. the nsp4 gene has been sequenced, and five distinct genetic groups have been described: genotypes a-e. nsp4 genotypes a, b, and c have been detected in humans. in this study, the nsp4-encoding gene of human rotavirus strains of different g and p genotypes collected from children between 1987 and 2003 in three cities of west central regio ... | 2008 | 18592101 |
| molecular characterization of vp4, vp6 and vp7 genes of a rare g8p[14] rotavirus strain detected in an infant with gastroenteritis in italy. | in this study, the molecular characterization of a rare g8p[14] group a rotavirus (garv) strain detected in northern italy during the 2004-2005 epidemiological rotavirus season is described. two hundred and seventy three rotavirus-like particle positive stools out of 856 stools from children (31.9%) hospitalized with gastroenteritis were analyzed using polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis and 271 garvs were genotyped by vp7 and vp4 specific rt-pcrs. one strain (pr/1300/04) with a long electrophero ... | 2008 | 18674577 |
| viral agents associated with acute gastroenteritis in children hospitalized with diarrhea in lanzhou, china. | gastroenteritis is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. rotavirus, human caliciviruses (hucv), adenovirus, and astrovirus are recognized as common etiologies of acute gastroenteritis. | 2009 | 19201258 |
| full genomic analysis of a human group a rotavirus g9p[6] strain from eastern india provides evidence for porcine-to-human interspecies transmission. | deduced amino acid sequence and phylogenetic analyses of a group a rotavirus g9p[6] strain (designated as mcs/13-07), detected from a 3-year-old child in eastern india, revealed a vp8* closely related to porcine p[6] strains (p[6] sublineage 1d), and the vp7 clustered with g9 lineage-iii strains. to our knowledge, this is the first report of human p[6] strain clustering in sublineage id. thus, to further characterize the evolutionary diversity of strain mcs/13-07, all gene segments were analyzed ... | 2009 | 19333549 |
| genomic diversity of group a rotavirus strains in patients aged 1-36 months admitted for acute watery diarrhoea in northern india: a hospital-based study. | the diversity and capacity of human rotaviruses for rapid evolution and genetic reassortment suggests that rotavirus vaccine should be designed to provide heterotypic protection. the objective of the present study was to provide information on the circulating genotypes of rotavirus and allied baseline epidemiology in lucknow, india. in a cross-sectional study, the prevalence of rotavirus g-p types was studied in patients aged 1-36 months with acute watery diarrhoea. various sociodemographic, env ... | 2010 | 19456832 |
| in vitro antiherpetic and antirotaviral activities of a sulfate prepared from mimosa scabrella galactomannan. | a chemically sulfated galactomannan (brs) from seeds of mimosa scabrella had in vitro antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1), but not against simian rotavirus a/sa11 (sirv-a/sa11). it was examined by (13)c nmr spectroscopy, which showed the sulfate groups to be mainly at c-6 of galactose residues. brs had a selective inhibition against hsv-1 during its attachment step, having an ic(50) lower than 2.5microg/ml, determined by plaque reduction, and a selectivity index of greater ... | 2009 | 19751759 |
| zoonotic aspects of rotaviruses. | rotaviruses are important enteric pathogens of humans and animals. group a rotaviruses (garvs) account for up to 1 million children deaths each year, chiefly in developing countries and human vaccines are now available in many countries. rotavirus-associated enteritis is a major problem in livestock animals, notably in young calves and piglets. early in the epidemiological garv studies in humans, either sporadic cases or epidemics by atypical, animal-like garv strains were described. complete ge ... | 2010 | 19781872 |
| rotavirus surveillance in europe, 2005-2008: web-enabled reporting and real-time analysis of genotyping and epidemiological data. | the first european rotavirus surveillance network, eurorotanet, comprising 16 laboratories in 15 european countries, has been established. | 2009 | 19821712 |
| rotac: a web-based tool for the complete genome classification of group a rotaviruses. | group a rotaviruses are the most common cause of severe diarrhea in infants and children worldwide and continue to have a major global impact on childhood morbidity and mortality. in recent years, considerable research efforts have been devoted to the development of two new live, orally administered vaccines. although both vaccines have proven to confer a good protection against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis, these vaccines will have to be screened and may have to be updated regularly to refl ... | 2009 | 19930627 |
| genetic variation of g4p[6] rotaviruses: evidence for novel strains circulating between the hospital and community. | one hundred forty-six fecal specimens collected between 2007 and 2008 from infants with acute gastroenteritis were screened for rotavirus by elisa with vp6-specific antibody. one hundred twenty-three of the samples (84.2%) were confirmed to be positive for group a rotavirus (community-acquired, n = 90 [73.2%] and nosocomial, n = 33 [26.8%]), and were typed subsequently using rt-pcr and sequence analysis methods. determination of g- and p-type combinations showed that g4p[6] (78.9%) was the most ... | 2010 | 20166174 |
| novel light-upon-extension real-time pcr assay for simultaneous detection, quantification, and genogrouping of group a rotavirus. | we have developed a light-upon-extension (lux) real-time pcr assay for detection, quantification, and genogrouping of group a rotavirus (rv), the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children. the lux system uses a fluorophore attached to one primer and having a self-quenching hairpin structure, making it cost-effective and specific. we designed genogroup-specific primers having different fluorophores, making it possible to differentiate between the two main genogroups of human group a ... | 2010 | 20220154 |
| detection and genotyping of korean porcine rotaviruses. | porcine group a rotavirus (garv) is considered to be an important animal pathogen due to their economic impact in the swine industry and its potential to cause heterologous infections in humans. this study examined 475 fecal samples from 143 farms located in 6 provinces across south korea. rt-pcr and nested pcr utilizing primer pairs specific for the garv vp6 gene detected garv-positive reactions in 182 (38.3%) diarrheic fecal samples. a total of 98 porcine garv strains isolated from the garv-po ... | 2010 | 20359834 |
| detection and characterisation of group a rotavirus in asymptomatic piglets in southern ireland. | porcine group a rotaviruses (garv) are causative agents of enteritis in piglets and are a large reservoir of genetic material for the diversification of human garvs. accumulation of information on the genetic heterogeneity of porcine viruses is pivotal for readily characterising unusual human strains. screening of 292 fecal samples, collected from 4-5- to 8-9-week-old asymptomatic pigs from four herds in ireland between 2005 and 2007 resulted in 19 (6.5%) samples testing positive by reverse-tran ... | 2010 | 20526785 |
| molecular characterization and epidemiology of rotavirus isolates obtained from children with diarrhoea in malaysia. | this retrospective study examined the g/p type of rotavirus in rna samples that have previously been e-typed by rna-page in 1996. the results were then compared to 2007 samples to ascertain the extent of changes that may have occurred in this 11-years time interval. the g and p genotypes were determined by hemi-nested pcr and further analysed by phylogenetic study. in 1996, the g/p combination g1p[8], g(ut)p[8] and g1p(ut) prevalence rate were 81%, 9% and 7%, respectively. as expected, the g9 ge ... | 2009 | 20527266 |
| changing profile of the bovine rotavirus g6 population in the south of ireland from 2002 to 2009. | bovine group a rotavirus is one of the main causes of neonatal diarrhoea in calves. this study examined the different g and p genotypes circulating in the bovine population, from 2002-2009, in the south of ireland. rotavirus positive bovine faecal samples (n=332) were collected from the cork regional veterinary laboratory, between 2002 and 2009 and subjected to rna extraction, page analysis, and g and p genotyping. genotyping analysis identified g6, g10, p[5], and p[11] to be the predominant g a ... | 2010 | 20541335 |
| molecular characterization and genotyping of human rotavirus strains in abidjan, cote d'ivoire. | in this study, we characterized human rotavirus strains recovered from infants and young children with acute diarrhea in abidjan, cote d'ivoire, during 2000-2004. in total, 719 fecal specimens were collected from children aged 1-60 months with acute infantile gastroenteritis. examination with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed the presence of group a rotavirus antigen in 208 diarrheal specimens (28.9%). polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the rna extracted from rotavirus-pos ... | 2010 | 20684706 |
| assessment of adenovirus, hepatitis a virus and rotavirus presence in environmental samples in florianopolis, south brazil. | to assess the presence of human adenovirus (hadv), hepatitis a (hav) virus and rotavirus a (rv-a) in environmental samples from the southern region of brazil and to provide viral contamination data for further epidemiological studies and governmental actions. | 2010 | 20698910 |
| immunogenicity and virus-like particle formation of rotavirus capsid proteins produced in transgenic plants. | the human pathogen, group a rotavirus, is the most prevalent cause of acute infantile and pediatric gastroenteritis worldwide, especially in developing countries. there is an urgent demand for safer, more effective and cheaper vaccines against rotavirus infection. plant-derived antigens may provide an exclusive way to produce economical subunit vaccines. virus-like particles, constituting viral capsid proteins without viral nucleic acids, are considered a far safer candidate compared with live a ... | 2010 | 21104033 |
| reassortant group a rotavirus from straw-colored fruit bat (eidolon helvum). | bats are known reservoirs of viral zoonoses. we report genetic characterization of a bat rotavirus (bat/ke4852/07) detected in the feces of a straw-colored fruit bat (eidolon helvum). six bat rotavirus genes (viral protein [vp] 2, vp6, vp7, nonstructural protein [nsp] 2, nsp3, and nsp5) shared ancestry with other mammalian rotaviruses but were distantly related. the vp4 gene was nearly identical to that of human p[6] rotavirus strains, and the nsp4 gene was closely related to those of previously ... | 2010 | 21122212 |
| full genomic analysis of a g8p[1] rotavirus strain isolated from an asymptomatic infant in kenya provides evidence for an artiodactyl-to-human interspecies transmission event. | group a rotavirus (gar) g8p[1] strains, found sometimes in cattle, have been reported rarely from humans. therefore, analysis of the full genomes of human g8p[1] strains are of significance in the context of studies on interspecies transmission of rotaviruses. however, to date, only partial-length nucleotide sequences are available for the 11 genes of a single human g8p[1] strain, while the partial sequences of two other strains have been reported. the present study reports the first complete ge ... | 2011 | 21181935 |
| human rotavirus genotypes detection among hospitalized children, a study in tehran, iran. | human rotavirus genotypes g1-g4, g9, p[4] and p[8] are major worldwide causes of acute gastroenteritis in children. rotavirus genotype g1p[8] is predominant in many countries. in this study, the genotypic diversity of group a rotaviruses were detected in children <5 years of age who were treated for dehydration and diarrhea in tehran, iran from october 2004 to september 2008. | 2011 | 21194260 |
| a waterborne outbreak of epidemic diarrhea due to group a rotavirus in malatya, turkey. | we characterized an outbreak of acute diarrheal disease caused by group a rotavirus that occurred during the autumn of 2005 in malatya city, turkey. a total 9907 patients between 0 to 91 years old (mean age: 25.05?19.67) were included in the epidemic. the patients? data were prospectively collected and statistically analyzed. microbiologic analyses were performed to determine the etiologic agent. rapid onset diarrhea (98.36%), abdominal cramps (69%), fever (44.4%) and vomiting (69.6%) were the m ... | 2011 | 21344142 |
| detection of the first g6p[14] human rotavirus strain from a child with diarrhea in egypt. | we report the first detection of a g6p[14] rotavirus strain in egypt from the stool of a child participating in a hospital-based diarrhea surveillance study conducted throughout the year 2004. rotavirus infection was initially detected using a rotavirus group a vp6 enzyme immunoassay; the p (vp4) and g (vp7) genotypes of the strain were identified by rt-pcr. we sequenced the vp7 gene and the vp8* portion of the vp4 gene and the strain displayed the strongest identity to the vp7 [>94% nucleotides ... | 2011 | 21640199 |
| intestinal and extra-intestinal pathogenicity of a bovine reassortant rotavirus in calves and piglets. | despite the impact of bovine group a rotaviruses (garvs) as economically important and zoonotic pathogens, there is a scarcity of data on cross-species pathogenicity and extra-intestinal spread of bovine reassortant garvs. during the course of characterizing the genotypes of all 11 genomic segments of bovine garvs isolated from diarrheic calves in south korea, a unique g6p[7] reassortant garv strain (kj9-1) was isolated. the strain harbors five bovine-like gene segments (vp7: g6; vp6: i2; vp1: r ... | 2011 | 21658866 |
| monitoring of group c rotavirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in brazil: an emergent epidemiological issue after rotavirus vaccine? | group c rotavirus (gpcrv) has a worldwide distribution; however, its epidemiology and ecology are still unclear. evidence for a possible zoonotic role has been postulated recently for brazilian children strains. the aim of this study was to monitor gpcrv in children ôëñ15 years with acute gastroenteritis during the 2007-2010 national brazilian rotavirus surveillance, and to undertake the molecular characterization of the major vp6 capsid protein. a total of 3,019 fecal samples were first screene ... | 2011 | 21739455 |
| phylogenetic analysis of vp1, vp2, and vp3 gene segments of genotype g5 group a rotavirus strains circulating in brazil between 1986 and 2005. | genotype g5 group a rotavirus (rv-a), which is common in pigs and also detected in horses and cattle, circulated as endemic genotype in the 1980s and early 1990s in brazil. after 1996, g5 rv-a has been replaced by g9 rv-a, becoming only sporadically detected. recently, g5 has been reported in children with severe diarrhea in argentina, cameroon, paraguay, people's republic of china, and vietnam, suggesting that, although uncommon in humans, it has a worldwide distribution. in a previous study, b ... | 2011 | 21827799 |
| host and viral traits predict zoonotic spillover from mammals. | the majority of human emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, with viruses that originate in wild mammals of particular concern (for example, hiv, ebola and sars). understanding patterns of viral diversity in wildlife and determinants of successful cross-species transmission, or spillover, are therefore key goals for pandemic surveillance programs. however, few analytical tools exist to identify which host species are likely to harbour the next human virus, or which viruses can cross species ... | 2017 | 28636590 |