| [an etiological study on fulminant viral hepatitis]. | viral markers were studied in 79 cases of viral hepatitis with hepatic failure. the results were shown as follows: 8 cases were positive for anti-hav igm (10.12%); 76 cases positive for hbsag or anti-hbc igm (96.20%) and 41 cases positive for anti-hcv antibodies (51.89%). among those with anti-hcv positive, 35 cases were co-infected with hbv, 5 cases with hav and/or hcv, only one was infected with hcv alone 2 cases were hd-ag positive (2.52%) and one not identified (1.27%). with the reference of ... | 1992 | 1284878 |
| production of infectious hepatitis delta virus in vitro and neutralization with antibodies directed against hepatitis b virus pre-s antigens. | hepatitis delta virus (hdv) particles were produced in huh7 human hepatoma cells by transfection with cloned hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna and hdv cdna. the particles were characterized by their buoyant density, the presence of encapsidated viral rna, and their ability to infect primary cultures of chimpanzee hepatocytes. successful infection was evidenced by the appearance of increasing amounts of intracellular hdv rna after exposure to particles. infection was prevented when particles were incub ... | 1992 | 1309901 |
| [hepatitis serology: use and interpretation]. | presently five viruses causing hepatitis are known, the hepatitis viruses a (hav), b (hbv), c (hcv), d (hdv) and e (hev). the genomic structure is known of most of all these viruses as well as some of their structural and regulatory gene products. using radio- and enzyme immunoassays viral antigens can be detected for hbv and hdv as well as specific antibodies against all the five viruses. the results of these tests are the basis for the diagnosis and the follow-up of these infections but differ ... | 1992 | 1377839 |
| [incidence of hepatitis b, c and d infection in chronic liver diseases]. | the authors tested hepatitis b (hbsag, anti-hbs, anti-hbc, igm anti-hbc, hbe, anti-hbe), c (anti-hcv) and d (anti-hd, igm anti-hd) virus markers in the sera of 204 patients, who suffered from histologically confirmed chronic liver diseases (age: 18-72, average: 46.8 y) by sorin biomedica ria and abbott elisa kits. on the basis of detailed virus serological tests, they obtained data indicating viral etiology in 62% of the cases. 33.3% of the patients were anti-hcv, 52.5% of the patients were hbv ... | 1992 | 1408083 |
| frequency of hepatitis b, c and d and human immunodeficiency virus infections in multi-transfused thalassemics. | of forty multi-transfused thalassemia patients (26 males, 14 females; mean age 8.1 +/- 5.3 years, range 1-35) with no clinical or biochemical evidence of liver disease, hbsag, anti-hepatitis c virus and anti-human immunodeficiency virus antibodies were present in 18 (45%), 7 (17.5%) and 1 (2.5%) cases respectively. three of the 18 (16.7%) hbsag positive patients were anti-delta antibody positive. our results indicate that more than 50% of multi-transfused thalassemia patients show serological ev ... | 1992 | 1428037 |
| interactions between human immunodeficiency virus-1, hepatitis delta virus and hepatitis b virus infections in 260 chronic carriers of hepatitis b virus. | to evaluate the factors determining the severity of chronic hepatitis b virus infection and the interactions of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis delta virus infections, we retrospectively analyzed 260 patients, 146 of whom were followed for a mean of 31.4 +/- 1.8 mo. human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus, and hepatitis delta virus status and aminotransferase activities, histological activity index, alcohol consumption and the prevalence of cirrhosis were investigated. the pat ... | 1992 | 1551633 |
| [hepatitis a to e: symptoms, clinical aspects, prognosis]. | symptoms of acute viral hepatitis during the prodromal period are non-diagnostic. icteric periods are rare in acute hepatitis c, but frequent in patients with hepatitis a and e. clinically, the liver is palpable in 70 to 90%, whereas the spleen is rarely augmented (5 to 10%). the various forms of acute hepatitis can not be distinguished clinically. the prognosis depends on the type of the virus (mutant?) and the immune reaction of the organism. cases of chronic hepatitis are unknown following ac ... | 1992 | 1604095 |
| editing on the genomic rna of human hepatitis delta virus. | it has been shown previously that during replication of the genome of human hepatitis delta virus (hdv), a specific nucleotide change occurs to eliminate the termination codon for the small delta antigen (g. luo, m. chao, s.-y. hsieh, c. sureau, k. nishikura, and j. taylor, j. virol. 64:1021-1027, 1990). this change creates an extension in the length of the open reading frame for the delta antigen from 195 to 214 amino acids. these two proteins, the small and large delta antigens, have important ... | 1992 | 1629949 |
| influence of human immunodeficiency virus infection on cell-mediated immunity in chronic d hepatitis. | to determine whether the abnormalities of cell-mediated immunity described in chronic d hepatitis are associated with hepatitis d virus (hdv) infection or concomitant human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, serologic and tissue hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hdv markers and t lymphocyte subsets were studied in serum samples from 38 patients with chronic d hepatitis, 26 of whom had hiv infection. patients with chronic d hepatitis and hiv infection had significantly lower peripheral blood t4:t8 ... | 1991 | 1674749 |
| immunogenic domains of hepatitis delta virus antigen: peptide mapping of epitopes recognized by human and woodchuck antibodies. | hepatitis delta virus (hdv) is a defective rna virus which is dependent on hepatitis b virus for essential helper functions. only a single highly basic phosphoprotein, hdv antigen (hdag), is expressed by the hdv genome during infection in humans. antibody directed to hdag is important in the diagnosis of hdv infection, and it is likely but not yet proven that the immune response to hdag provides significant protection against subsequent exposures to hdv. in an effort to map the antigenic domains ... | 1990 | 1689390 |
| characterization of a subgenomic hdv-specific poly(a)+ rna species isolated from human hepatoma cells supporting hdv rna replication. | | 1991 | 1708506 |
| phylogeny of viroids, viroidlike satellite rnas, and the viroidlike domain of hepatitis delta virus rna. | we report a phylogenetic study of viroids, some plant satellite rnas, and the viroidlike domain of human hepatitis delta virus rna. our results support a monophyletic origin of these rnas and are consistent with the hypothesis that they may be "living fossils" of a precellular rna world. moreover, the viroidlike domain of human hepatitis delta virus rna appears closely related to the viroidlike satellite rnas of plants, with which it shares some structural and functional properties. on the basis ... | 1991 | 1712103 |
| hepatitis delta virus heterogeneity: a study by immunofluorescence. | hepatitis delta virus (hdv)-rna shows a microheterogeneity at nucleotide 1015 resulting in the production of two co-terminal forms of the hdv-associated antigen (hdag), referred to as p24 and p27. in vitro experiments have shown that p24 is localized within the nucleolus, while p27 expression is probably confined to the nucleoplasm. the sequential appearance of these two proteins may play a role in the hdv-induced cell damage. we have examined 12 formalin-fixed human liver biopsies taken at diff ... | 1991 | 1822506 |
| production of hepatitis delta virus and suppression of helper hepatitis b virus in a human hepatoma cell line. | the hepatitis delta virus (hdv) is a defective virus with a coat composing of the surface antigen of its helper virus, hepatitis b virus (hbv). replication of hdv in the absence of hbv has been shown in cell cultures by transient transfection of the hdv plasmid. however, the formation and release of hdv virions have not been observed. in this report, a human hepatoma cell line huh-7 was transiently cotransfected with hdv and hbv plasmids. the production of monomeric and multimeric antigenomic rn ... | 1991 | 1847439 |
| [seroprevalence of hepatitis c in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients]. | prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis c virus (hcv) was evaluated using ortho and abbott hcv elisa assays and the abbott eia neutralization assay in 150 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-seropositive patients and compared with the prevalence of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis d virus (hdv) markers. overall prevalence of hepatitis c virus antibodies was 29.3%; significant variations were seen across human immunodeficiency virus risk factor subgroups: prevalence was 10.2% in homosexual ... | 1991 | 1901984 |
| [hepatitis virus b, c and delta infection in carriers of the human immunodeficiency virus]. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) shares transmission mechanisms with some hepatotropic viruses, such as hepatitis b (hbv), c (hcv) and delta (hdv) viruses. | 1991 | 1903828 |
| efficient trans cleavage and a common structural motif for the ribozymes of the human hepatitis delta agent. | cis-active ribozymes are potential therapeutic agents; however, to be used in this capacity, they must first be converted to trans-active ribozymes, a process facilitated by analysis of their structures. we present evidence that the genomic and antigenomic ribozymes of the human delta hepatitis agent share a structural ("axehead") motif that has conserved sequence elements and a stable hairpin. guided by the features of the axehead, we divided each of the delta ribozymes into two subdomains, whi ... | 1991 | 1946436 |
| etiology and outcome of acute viral hepatitis in korean adults. | one hundred and sixteen korean adults with biopsy-proven acute viral hepatitis were studied to determine the etiology and the outcome of the disease using paired sera obtained during acute and convalescent phases. the prevalence of acute viral hepatitis a, b, d and non-a non-b were 3.4%, 60.3%, 0.9% and 35.3%, respectively: hepatitis b virus infection was the most common cause and the hepatitis d virus superinfection was almost negligible. only eleven (26.8%) of 41 patients with avh nanb were ne ... | 1990 | 2096853 |
| viral hepatitis. the new abc's. | hepatitis may be caused by hepatitis a virus, hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus (classic non-a non-b viral hepatitis), hepatitis d virus (delta agent), and hepatitis e virus (epidemic non-a non-b viral hepatitis). cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus, and herpes simplex virus may also occasionally cause hepatitis. some forms of hepatitis carry the risks of chronic infection, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma. treatment options for viral hepatitis are limited and, in many cases, still unde ... | 1990 | 2120686 |
| hiv, hbv, delta-agent and treponema pallidum infections in two rural african areas. | in order to compare the seroepidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hepatitis b virus, delta agent and treponema pallidum infections in two rural populations living in north uganda (kitgum district) and in central burundi (butezi, ruyigi region), 448 sera were tested for hbs-ag, hbs-ab, and anti-hiv antibodies and screened for syphilis using the t. pallidum haemagglutination (tpha) test. hbs-ag positive sera were also tested for anti-delta antibodies. overall seropositivity rates in ... | 1990 | 2189236 |
| [the prevalence of serological markers for the human immunodeficiency virus and the hepatitis b virus in a psychiatric hospital]. | to estimate the prevalence of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), antibodies to hepatitis b core antigen (anti-hbc), hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), and antibodies to delta virus (anti-dv). | 1990 | 2286497 |
| cloning and sequencing of rna of hepatitis delta virus isolated from human serum. | the rna of hepatitis delta virus (hdv) 1682 nucleotides long, has been cloned from a human serum isolate. comparison with the three complete published sequences shows that a region of the hdv genome, between positions 620 and 1350, which contains sequences involved in replication and possibly pathogenicity, is highly conserved. | 1990 | 2374010 |
| [immunological aspects in anti-hiv seronegative drug addicts. correlation with the duration of heroin addiction and other viral infections]. | in order to determine whether the immunological abnormalities described in intravenous drug addicts (ida), are due to hiv infection, other viral infections or to the abuse of narcotic drugs, we studied the t lymphocyte subsets and serological markers of infection with hepatitis b and delta virus, cytomegalovirus and epstein barr virus, in 49 ida. the immunological and serological features of ida were compared with the control group, made up of 20 healthy subjects. in intravenous drug abusers we ... | 1989 | 2557564 |
| characterization of the transcripts of hepatitis d and b viruses in infected human livers. | to examine the replication of hepatitis d virus (hdv) and its interactions with helper hepatitis b virus (hbv), the rna of both viruses was analyzed in liver biopsy tissue obtained from six patients with past or present hepatitis. in four of five hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) carriers, the rna genome of hdv was found in the liver. further, the complementary rna species as replication templates of hdv genomes documented in previous animal studies were confirmed. within the livers of four hb ... | 1989 | 2584763 |
| treatment of chronic hepatitis delta virus (hdv) infection with human lymphoblastoid alpha interferon. | ten patients with evidence of continuing hdv replication were treated with lymphoblastoid alpha-interferon and eight more were followed as a non-randomized control group. four out of eight patients who completed one year of follow-up had cleared hdv-rna from the serum whilst none of the control group did so. in these four responding cases there was a transient increase in transaminase levels during treatment and in two, this was followed by improvement. one patient also cleared hbv and seroconve ... | 1989 | 2623137 |
| initiation of replication of the human hepatitis delta virus genome from cloned dna: role of delta antigen. | beginning with three partial cdna clones of the rna genome of human hepatitis delta virus (hdv), we assembled the complete 1,679-base sequence on a single molecule and then inserted a trimer of this into plasmid pslv, a simian virus 40-based eucaryotic expression vector. this construct was used to transfect both monkey kidney (cos7) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (huh7) cell lines. in this way we obtained replication of the hdv rna genome and the appearance, in the nucleoli, of the delta ant ... | 1989 | 2649689 |
| hepatitis delta virus infection in french male hbsag-positive homosexuals. | the prevalence and serological features of hepatitis delta virus infections were studied in a french population of chronic, non-drug addict, hepatitis b surface antigen carriers: 42 male homosexual patients were compared to 30 nonhomosexuals (20 who evidently had not been exposed to any of the usual hepatitis b virus-hepatitis delta virus risk factors and 10 hemodialyzed patients or kidney allograft recipients). six of the 42 male homosexuals (14.3%) had at least one serological marker of hepati ... | 1989 | 2668149 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis b virus, hepatitis d virus, and human immunodeficiency virus infections among parenteral drug abusers in southern taiwan. | a total of 390 parenteral drug abusers (pdas) at the kaohsiung municipal narcotics abstention institute were examined for markers of hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis d virus (hdv), and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). all sera were tested for hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), surface antibody (anti-hbs), and core antibody (anti-hbc) by radioimmunoassay (ria) and for antibody to hiv (anti-hiv) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). hepatitis b e antigen (hbeag) and antibody to hdv ... | 1989 | 2778445 |
| the etiology of acute hepatitis in adults in egypt. | the causes of acute hepatitis were prospectively studied in 141 patients admitted to embaba fever hospital, cairo, egypt in 1983. serologic diagnosis showed: hepatitis a (0.7%), hepatitis b (46.8%), dual infections with a and b (1.4%), acute hepatitis in hbsag carriers (14.2%), drug induced hepatitis (5.7%), and hepatitis non-a non-b (nanb) (31.2%). among hepatitis b patients tested for the following seromarkers, 40% had hbeag, 8% anti-delta antibody, and 6 simultaneous presence of hbsag and ant ... | 1988 | 2852410 |
| [viral infections in patients on chronic hemodialysis]. | | 1987 | 2855894 |
| htlv-1, hiv-1, hepatitis b and hepatitis delta in the pacific and south-east asia: a serological survey. | blood samples from 13 locations in the pacific and south-east asia were tested for evidence of infection with human t-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (htlv-1), human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1), hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis delta virus (hdv). no samples were positive for antibody to hiv-1. antibodies to htlv-1 were found in samples from five locations, the maximum prevalence being 19%, in vanuatu. serological markers of hbv infection were found in all locations, the maximal prevalence ... | 1988 | 2892692 |
| [advances in the research of hepatic pathology]. | | 1985 | 2936469 |
| review of hepatitis non-a, non-b: the potential hazards in dental care. | several of the common viral agents that can cause hepatitis have been detected in body fluids, including saliva and blood, which may both form important routes for transmission of disease. the viruses most commonly implicated include hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and epstein-barr virus. hepatitis delta virus (hdv) can be found in persons positive for hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and presumably follows the same routes of transmission as hbv. herpe ... | 1988 | 2963986 |
| immunohistochemical techniques for the demonstration of viral antigens in liver tissue. | liver biopsy specimens from patients positive for serum hbsag reveal various expression patterns when properly stained by immunohistochemical techniques for the demonstration of hbsag, hbcag and hdag. a negative staining for these three antigens seems to be associated with two conditions, i.e., self-limiting acute lobular hepatitis (alh) or low amounts of intrahepatic antigens. the discrepancy between serum positivity and tissue negativity for hbsag can be explained either by sampling error or b ... | 1988 | 3062747 |
| the impact of molecular biology in the diagnosis and management of viral hepatitis. | in recent years molecular biology techniques allowed an extraordinary progress in knowledge of hepatitis viruses. new informations have accumulated on the mechanisms of virus replication and on the pathogenesis of liver damage. in the clinical setting, simple noninvasive methods that use the same technological approach provide a useful diagnostic tool for infections of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis delta virus (hdv). using these tests we may define whether a carrier of hepatitis b surfac ... | 1988 | 3073513 |
| delta and non-a, non-b hepatitis viruses. | a review is given on the current knowledge of the hepatitis delta virus (hdv), the only hepatotropic non-a and non-b (nanb) virus characterized, although the infection it causes requires infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv). studies in chimpanzees have provided the most data now available on the putative nanb agents. histologic and electron microscopic changes occurring in hdv and nanb hepatitis have been shown to be comparable, and some biologic, epidemiologic and clinical features are simila ... | 1988 | 3137031 |
| hepatitis d virus and human immunodeficiency virus antibodies in parenteral drug abusers who are hepatitis b surface antigen positive. | we studied unselected, hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag)-positive parenteral drug abusers for antibody to hepatitis d virus (anti-hd) and antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the prevalences of anti-hd and antibody to hiv were 67% and 58%, respectively, and there was no association between positivity for these two markers. in a logistic regression model, anti-hd was associated with older age (p = .001), longer duration of drug abuse (p = .045), and the presence of liver disease (p = ... | 1988 | 3171227 |
| [delta virus of human hepatitis]. | | 1988 | 3231871 |
| human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis delta virus in homosexual men. a study of four cohorts. | the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus antibodies was determined in four cohorts of homosexual or bisexual men positive for hepatitis b surface antigen who were evaluated between april 1984 and april 1985. antibodies to hepatitis delta virus were found in 16 of 106 men in los angeles (15.1%; 95% confidence interval [cl], 8.3% to 21.9%); 6 of 64 men in san francisco (9.4%; 95% cl, 3.5% to 19.3%); 1 of 76 men in pittsburgh (1.3%; 95% cl, 0.03% to 7.1%); and 0 of 52 men in chicago (0%; 95% cl, 0% ... | 1988 | 3337516 |
| molecular cloning of hepatitis delta virus rna from an infected woodchuck liver: sequence, structure, and applications. | cdna prepared from the single-stranded circular rna genome of hepatitis delta virus was cloned in lambda gt11 by using rna from the liver of an infected woodchuck. from the sequence of overlapping clones, we assembled the full sequence of 1,679 nucleotides. the sequence indicated an exceptional ability for intramolecular base pairing, yielding a rod structure with at least 70% of the bases paired and a predicted free energy of -805 kcal (-3,368 kj)/mol. three of the lambda clones contained seque ... | 1988 | 3367426 |
| replication of human hepatitis delta virus in primary cultures of woodchuck hepatocytes. | we obtained two lines of evidence that monolayer cultures of primary woodchuck hepatocytes support replication of the genome of human hepatitis delta virus (hdv). (i) from a northern (rna blot) analysis of the hdv-related rna in infected cultures, both genomic and antigenomic 1.7-kilobase rna species were detected at 11 days after infection. the ratio of genomic rna to antigenomic rna was 2:1 to 10:1, comparable to that previously reported in studies of experimentally infected chimpanzees and wo ... | 1987 | 3612956 |
| inhibition of hepatitis delta virus (hdv) replication by lymphoblastoid human alpha interferon. | lymphoblastoid interferon inhibited hepatitis delta virus (hdv) replication in four out of five hdv carriers with chronic active liver disease. serum hdv-rna was undetectable in three patients, but in one of these evidence of continuing intrahepatic hdv replication was present on biopsy one year after treatment. in the four cases which showed total or partial inhibition of hdv replication, there was a transient increase in transaminases during treatment, and in three this was followed by improve ... | 1987 | 3628382 |
| new class of animal virus found in virulent form of human hepatitis. | | 1986 | 3764420 |
| diagnostic usefulness of anti-hbc-igm and anti-hd antibodies in acute viral hepatitis. | to evaluate diagnostic improvement achieved with the determination of antibody to hepatitis core antigen of igm type (anti-hbc-igm) and antibody to delta antigen (anti-hd) in acute type b hepatitis, 155 patients (of whom 100 were drug addicts) were studied, using these markers in association with the classical markers of viral hepatitis (anti-hbc, anti-hbs, anti-hav-igm and anti-cytomegalovirus antibodies). with classical diagnostic criteria, 121 patients would have been diagnosed as having b he ... | 1986 | 3803810 |
| interactions between hepatotropic viruses in patients with haemophilia. | infections with the hepatotropic viruses non-a, non-b (nanb), hepatitis b (hbv) and delta agent (hdv) are described in two patients with haemophilia. the first patient illustrates the phenomenon of interference following a simultaneous exposure to nanb and hbv. the second patient, a carrier of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), acquired superinfection with hdv which resulted in acute hepatitis progressing to chronic hepatitis. liver disease seen in multitransfused haemophiliacs may be signific ... | 1985 | 3932510 |
| papovavirus-related rna sequences in human neurogenic tumours. | thirty-two human brain tumours were investigated for the presence of papovavirus-related rna sequences. radiolabelled viral dnas isolated from sv40, bkv, hdv, and bpv were hybridized in-situ on to tumour kryostat sections under conditions that detect complementary rna. sv40-related rna was detectable in 34% of all tumours tested but was not found in normal human brain tissue. sv40-positive tumours included 1/1 angiofibroma, 1/4 astrocytomas, 2/4 metastatic brain tumours, 1/1 melanoma, 3/7 mening ... | 1982 | 6278814 |
| hepatitis delta virus infection of the liver. | | 1984 | 6395342 |
| hepatitis d virus rna editing: specific modification of adenosine in the antigenomic rna. | rna editing plays a central role in the life cycle of hepatitis d virus (hdv), a subviral human pathogen. previous studies (j.l. casey, k.f. bergmann, t.l. brown, and j.l. gerin, proc. natl. acad. sci usa 89:7149-7153, 1992; h. zheng, t.-b. fu, d. lazinski, and j. taylor, j. virol. 66:4693-4697, 1992) had concluded that the genomic rna of hdv was the target for rna editing and that the editing reaction was a conversion of u to c. however, we show here that the antigenomic rna of hdv is in fact t ... | 1995 | 7494266 |
| diagnosis of hepatitis delta virus infection. | the hepatitis delta virus (hdv) is a cause of severe liver disease in man. several assays are available to detect both the hdv genome and its only encoded antigen, hdag, as well as specific antibodies against hdag (anti-hd), of both the igg and igm class. different serologic patterns enable the clinician to formulate a correct diagnosis, crucial for effective treatment. | 1995 | 7602066 |
| role of liver transplantation in viral hepatitis. | liver transplantation remains difficult in end-stage liver disease caused by chronic viral hepatitis because of recurrent viral infection in the liver graft. after transplantation for chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), and hepatitis delta virus (hdv) disease, recurrence is nearly universal. patients with actively replicating hbv infection before transplantation appear to be the most likely to experience clinically significant recurrent hepatitis, whereas recurrence in live ... | 1995 | 7602069 |
| replication of hepatitis delta virus rna in mice after intramuscular injection of plasmid dna. | to establish a readily manipulable small-animal system for the study of human hepatitis delta virus (hdv) replication in vivo, plasmid dnas containing head-to-tail cdna dimers of hdv were inoculated intramuscularly into mice. genomic-sense hdv rna was detected in the injected muscle within 1 week and increased to substantial levels by week 7 postinjection. the intramuscular accumulation of hdv rna was determined to be the direct result of viral rna replication by three lines of evidence: (i) inj ... | 1995 | 7609095 |
| a multicenter study of viral hepatitis in a united states hemophilic population. | hemophilia a and b patients seen at nine us regional treatment centers were tested for serologic markers of hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), and hepatitis delta virus (hdv) during 1987 and 1988. because human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, a potentially confounding variable, was present in 53% of the group, the population was divided by hiv status for analysis purposes. in the hiv-positive group (n = 382), less than 1% had not been infected with hbv, hcv, or hdv, wherea ... | 1993 | 7678517 |
| prominent polypurine and polypyrimidine tracts in plant viroids and in rna of the human hepatitis delta agent. | to seek patterns of nucleotide usage in the three types of circular subviral rna pathogens, trimer frequencies and nearest-neighbor biases were studied in 12 plant viroid sequences; five sequences of circular plant viral satellite rnas; and the sequence of rna from the human hepatitis delta agent. the viroids and rna of the delta agent contain tracts of polypurines and polypyrimidines which make up substantial portions of their genomes. such tracts are not common in the virusoids or in the satel ... | 1993 | 7688455 |
| [the behavior and perinatal impact of viral hepatitis in pregnancy]. | the association between viral hepatitis and pregnancy is not common, nevertheless it has been described that hepatitis is the most frequent cause of jaundice in pregnant women. in this article the current knowledge on the perinatal repercussions of the different types of viral hepatitis are reviewed. hepatitis a is rare during pregnancy and is not associated with perinatal risk. hepatitis b virus (hbv) can be transmitted transplacentally, 20 per cent of the children infected by this route will d ... | 1994 | 7716369 |
| rna editing in the replication cycle of human hepatitis delta virus. | for some time it has been known that the rna genome of human hepatitis delta virus (hdv) undergoes a specific rna editing event. this review describes the editing phenomenon and its potential biological significance, and evaluates the data regarding the mechanism involved, including the possible relationship to other rna editing phenomena. | 1994 | 7748955 |
| [viral markers of acute hepatitis: a, b, c, d, and e in dakar. october 92 - october 93]. | inside of 95 patients presented in hospital with presumed hepatitis: 77 were recruted with liver cytolysis (amino-transferases at > 80 ui/ml) and included in this study. study of serologic viral markers (a, b, c, d and e type) permited to prove viral acute hepatitis infection and 49 patients were recruted inside the 77 cytolytic cases. inside these 49 cases: 44% presented enteritic contamination with hav/hev markers, 36% with hbv markers: hbs/hbc, 6% with hbs/hbe markers, 10% with hdv marker, 4% ... | 1993 | 7758379 |
| [a prevalence study of serum markers in hepatitis virus infection in the epidemiological anamnesis of the population]. | pandemic of the infections with hepatitis viruses is a priority in public health. in romania, the very high acute and chronic morbidity by viral hepatitis demands the rapid implementation of a feasible preventive program. in the population of 5 districts from transylvania we conducted a sero-epidemiological survey in order to find the real and specific characteristics of the prevalence of the infections with hepatitis viruses. the study was a cross-sectional study on the anamnestic presence of t ... | 1994 | 7772886 |
| current therapeutic approaches to viral hepatitis. | | 1995 | 7795067 |
| hepatitis delta virus in intravenous drug users in kuala lumpur. | the hepatitis delta virus (hdv) is an rna containing virus that requires hepatitis b virus (hbv) to supply the envelope proteins. hdv only infect man in the presence of hbv, either as a coinfection or as superinfection in hbv carriers. in the presence of hepatitis b infection, the hdv may cause more severe liver damage than that caused by the hepatitis b virus alone. hdv infection was studied in 44 hbsag positive serum samples collected from male intravenous drug users sent for screening to the ... | 1994 | 7845268 |
| viral hepatitis. current concepts for dental practice. | the transmission of blood-borne viruses in the dental office is a potential hazard to patients and dental staff, particularly to oral and maxillofacial surgeons. hepatitis b virus has been a recognized hazard for several years, and in the past oral surgeons and other dental health care staff have been infected as a result of occupational exposure. hepatitis c virus in contrast does not appear to be a major occupational hazard to dental staff, nevertheless, infection with this virus can lead to s ... | 1994 | 7898904 |
| [course of pregnancies complicated by viral hepatitis]. | it has been described that viral hepatitis is the most frequent cause of jaundice in the pregnant women. in this article we present clinical cases of hepatitis in pregnancy and review the new knowledge about the perinatal repercussion of this association. hepatitis a is rare in pregnant women and has not a significant perinatal risk. hepatitis b virus (hbv) can be transmitted from mother to child by transplacental way or at born. between 40 to 80 per cent of the children infected by this route w ... | 1994 | 7959147 |
| absence of precore stop mutant in chronic dual (b and c) and triple (b, c, and d) hepatitis virus infection. | sequences of hepatitis b virus (hbv) precore regions from 7 patients with hbv and hepatitis c virus (hcv) dual infection and 2 with hbv, hcv, and hepatitis d virus (hdv) triple infection were analyzed. two patients, 1 with only acute hbv infection and 1 with only chronic hbv infection, were also included for comparison. all patients had antibodies against hbv e antigen (anti-hbe) except 1 with chronic hepatitis b and c. no precore stop mutation at codon 28 (tgg to tag mutation) was found in 21 c ... | 1994 | 7995999 |
| correlation between hepatitis b viremia and the clinical and histological activity of chronic delta hepatitis. | to analyze the serological, clinical and histological significance of hepatitis b virus (hbv) replication among a group of patients with chronic delta hepatitis (cdh), we have studied the clinical and the histological activity in 49 patients with cdh. the hbv-dna was analyzed by dot-blot and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). concomitant infection with hepatitis c virus (hcv) was analyzed by reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr, hdv replication by dot-blot, and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infecti ... | 1994 | 7997189 |
| cis- and trans-acting ribozymes from a human pathogen, hepatitis delta virus. | hepatitis delta virus (hdv) contains two self-cleaving rna sequences (ribozymes) that may naturally function as such in human cells. a pseudo-knot-containing structural motif, which is distinct from the well-characterized secondary structures of self-cleaving rnas common to the plant pathogenic rnas, is shared by the cis-acting hdv ribozymes. definition of the sequences and secondary structures of the hdv ribozymes has facilitated the design of novel catalytic molecules, such as small rna circle ... | 1994 | 8073503 |
| hepatitis viruses: changing patterns of human disease. | viral hepatitis is a disease of antiquity, but evidence for more than one etiologic agent has been recognized only since the 1940s, when two viruses (hepatitis a virus and hepatitis b virus) were thought to account for all disease. in the past 20 years, three additional hepatitis agents (hepatitis c virus, hepatitis d virus, and hepatitis e virus) have been discovered, and there is evidence for at least one additional virus. each of the five recognized hepatitis viruses belongs to a different vi ... | 1994 | 8146130 |
| systematic substitution of individual bases in two important single-stranded regions of the hdv ribozyme for evaluation of the role of specific bases. | to elucidate the role of specific bases in the self-cleavage activity of the human hepatitis delta virus (hdv) ribozyme, systematic substitutions of individual bases in two important single-stranded regions [between nucleotides 726-731 (ssra region) and 762-766 (ssrb region)] were carried out by oligonucleotide-directed point mutagenesis. among the mutants obtained, 12 mutants (g726 variants, g727a, g727c, g728c, g762a, g762c, c763 variants and a766c) could not tolerate the respective base-subst ... | 1993 | 8325364 |
| endogenous promoters can direct the transcription of hepatitis delta virus rna from a recircularized cdna template. | transcription and replication of hepatitis delta virus (hdv) rna is thought to be performed by host rna polymerase ii. the mechanism which enables polymerase ii to use rna as a template is unclear. however, since extensive intramolecular complementarity allows hdv rna to form a rod-shaped structure, it is possible that the mostly double-stranded hdv rna may resemble double-stranded dna in structure, and can thus be used by rna polymerase ii as a template. to investigate this possibility, we exam ... | 1993 | 8372436 |
| viral hepatitis and drugs: a continuing problem. | a seroepidemiological survey of a group of drug abusers has been carried out to determine the prevalence of hepatitis c virus and hepatitis b virus, hepatitis d virus, hepatitis a virus infection markers in sera, as well as to evaluate the role of potential risk factors. a total of 645 symptomless subjects with a history of injecting heroin were recruited as volunteers from methadone maintenance centres in rome. for all hepatitis viruses the total figures showed high prevalence rates giving cons ... | 1993 | 8449633 |
| polymerase chain reaction-based detection of hepatitis d virus genome in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to detect hepatitis d (hd) viremia in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). nineteen (9%) of 206 such patients, unselected for liver disease or hbv infection, were found prospectively to be infected by hdv. thirty-one anti-hiv-positive patients were studied by means of pcr, and the results were analyzed according to hdv and hepatitis b virus (hbv) serological status. hdv-pcr was positive in 5 patients. two had detectable serum ... | 1993 | 8468565 |
| ribonucleoprotein complexes of hepatitis delta virus. | human hepatitis delta virus (hdv) is a subviral satellite agent of hepatitis b virus (hbv). the envelope proteins of hdv are provided by the helper virus, hbv, but very little is known about the internal structure of hdv. the particles contain multiple copies of the delta antigen and an unusual rna genome that is small, about 1,700 nucleotides in length, single stranded, and circular. by using uv cross-linking, equilibrium density centrifugation, and immunoprecipitation, we obtained evidence con ... | 1993 | 8497052 |
| experimental transmission of human hepatitis delta virus to the laboratory mouse. | human hepatitis delta virus (hdv), obtained from the serum of an experimentally infected woodchuck, was injected into either the peritoneal cavity or the tail vein of both adult cb17 mice and mice with a severe combined immunodeficiency (cb17-scid mice). three lines of evidence indicated that the virus was able to reach the liver and infect hepatocytes: (i) the amount of hdv genomic rna detected in the liver by northern (rna) analysis increased during the first 5 to 10 days postinoculation, reac ... | 1993 | 8497056 |
| polymerase chain reaction-based detection of hepatitis d virus rna in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | we used the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect hepatitis d (hd) viremia in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). nineteen (9%) of 206 such patients were prospectively found to be infected by hdv. thirty-one anti-hiv-positive patients were studied by means of pcr and the results were analysed according to hdv and hepatitis b virus (hbv) serological status. hdv-pcr was positive in five patients. two had detectable serum hdv antigen. four patients had anti-hd igm and ... | 1993 | 8502699 |
| [the screening of hepatitis virus and its efficacy]. | 1. infection of hepatitis a virus (hav) was prevented with hepatitis a vaccine. high risk groups of hav infection should be inoculated this vaccine because japanese peoples less than 40 years old didn't have immunity for hav. 2. infection of hepatitis e virus (hev) was scarcely observed in japan. 3. infection of hepatitis b virus (hbv) by blood transfusion was eradicated after the screening with anti-hbc antibody for blood donors. and maternal transmissions of hbv and infections of hbv in hospit ... | 1995 | 8551671 |
| autoantibodies in hepatitis delta. | hepatitis delta virus infection is associated with a wide range of different autoantibodies. the humoral immune response in chronic hepatitis d is directed against the cytoskeleton, the nucleus, the nuclear lamina and the endoplasmic reticulum. smooth muscle antibodies (sma), basal cell layer antibodies (bcla), stellate epithelial cell antibodies (seca), thymic reticular cell antibodies (tra), perithymocytic cell antibodies (pta), and anti-calmodulin antibodies are reactive with constituents of ... | 1995 | 8562861 |
| status of hepatitis viral markers in patients with acute and chronic liver diseases in northern india. | the present study describes the frequency of hepatitis viral markers in patients with uncomplicated acute viral hepatitis (avh; n = 32) and in patients with severe liver diseases, including those with fulminant hepatic failure (fhf; n = 110), subacute hepatic failure (sahf; n = 65), and chronic active hepatitis (cah; n = 33). the results indicate that hepatitis a virus infection is quite rare, whereas hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) infections are the predominant causes of ac ... | 1994 | 8586538 |
| direct investigation of protein rna-binding domains using digoxigenin-labelled rnas and synthetic peptides: application to the hepatitis delta antigen. | a new method is described for the characterization of rna binding domains of a protein and applied to the study of the interaction between proteins and nucleic acid of the human hepatitis delta virus (hdv). the method uses synthetic peptides coated onto an elisa plate and tested for their ability to bind digoxigenin-labelled rnas. rna binding is quantified with peroxidase-conjugated anti-digoxigenin. the hepatitis delta antigen (hdag) is an rna-binding protein that specifically binds hdv rnas. i ... | 1995 | 8609203 |
| selection in vitro of trans-acting genomic human hepatitis delta virus (hdv) ribozymes. | in an effort to identify the functional structure as well as new active variants of the trans-acting genomic ribozyme of human hepatitis delta virus (hdv), we applied an in vitro selection procedure. a total of 14 rounds of selection and amplification was repeated and various mutant ribozymes in g10 and g14 pools analyzed. active ribozymes which were isolated in the present study (from g10 and g14) all possessed conserved bases (that were identified earlier) in the cis-acting molecule. a dominan ... | 1996 | 8647117 |
| [use of virus-induced damage markers in the diagnosis of viral hepatitis]. | | 1995 | 8664411 |
| replication of murine coronavirus defective interfering rna from negative-strand transcripts. | the positive-strand defective interfering (di) rna of the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), when introduced into mhv-infected cells, results in di rna replication and accumulation. we studied whether the introduction of negative-strand transcripts of mhv di rna would also result in replication. at a location downstream of the t7 promoter and upstream of the human hepatitis delta virus ribozyme domain, we inserted a complete cdna clone of mhv di rna in reverse orientation; in vitro- ... | 1996 | 8709192 |
| influence of human immunodeficiency virus infection on hepatitis delta virus superinfection in chronic hbsag carriers. | it is generally agreed that hepatitis b virus (hbv) replication is reduced by hepatitis delta virus infection (hdv) and augmented by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. however, the precise nature of the interactions between hbv, hdv and hiv is controversial. the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of hiv infection on hbv and hdv replication, and on histological scores during delta virus superinfection in hdv-positive, chronic carriers of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). w ... | 1994 | 8790568 |
| a cellular homolog of hepatitis delta antigen: implications for viral replication and evolution. | hepatitis delta virus (hdv) is a pathogenic human virus whose rna genome and replication cycle resemble those of plant viroids. however, viroid genomes contain no open reading frames, whereas hdv rna encodes a single protein, hepatitis delta antigen (hdag), which is required for viral replication. a cellular gene whose product interacts with hdag has now been identified, and this interaction was found to affect viral genomic replication in intact cells. dna sequence analysis revealed that this p ... | 1996 | 8810253 |
| prevalence of blood-borne viruses among intravenous drug users and alcoholics in hiroshima, japan. | we investigated the prevalence of human immunodeficiency viruses-1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2), human t-lymphotropic virus type i and ii, hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv) and hepatitis d virus among intravenous drug users (ivdu) in hiroshima, japan, where little is known about their present levels. from june to december 1993, serum samples were collected from 47 ivdu and 98 alcoholics in hiroshima, japan, and examined for markers of virus infection. the prevalence of antibody to hcv ... | 1995 | 8845404 |
| replication of hepatitis delta virus. | hepatitis delta virus (hdv) is a unique viroid-like human pathogen that is always associated with hepatitis b infection. replication of hdv involves the transcription of genomic rna, probably by the host rna polymerase ii, by a rolling circle mechanism followed by self-cleavage and self-ligation. editing of antigenomic rna, possibly involving the enzyme adenosine deaminase, generates two functionally distinct forms of delta antigen. the molecular basis for hdv pathogenicity remains uncertain. | 1996 | 8871876 |
| long-term effects of interferon-alpha in five hiv-positive patients with chronic hepatitis b. | chronic hepatitis b viral infection is common in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) carriers, but the effectiveness of interferon therapy is still unknown. we report the results of a long-term pilot study of five patients, who were infected with hiv and chronic hepatitis b, treated by interferon. five males co-infected with hiv and hepatitis b virus (hbv) (mean age 27 years) were given a 6-month course of interferon (ifn)-alpha 2b 5 million units (mu) three times weekly. on initiating the treatm ... | 1996 | 8914005 |
| update of the viroid and viroid-like sequence database: addition of a hepatitis delta virus rna section. | recently, we developed and made available an online database that includes all the reported (to our knowledge) viroid and viroid-like rna sequences [bussire,f., lafontaine,d. and perreault,j.-p. (1996)nucleic acids res.24, 1793-1798]. we report here an update of this catalogue which includes the addition of a new section devoted to human hepatitis delta virus (vhdv) sequences. this new section comprises all available vhdv sequences, irrespective of their completeness, which have been either publ ... | 1997 | 9016518 |
| human cd4+ t-cell response to hepatitis delta virus: identification of multiple epitopes and characterization of t-helper cytokine profiles. | the t-cell-mediated immune response plays a crucial role in defense against hepatotropic viruses as well as in the pathogenesis of viral chronic hepatitides. however, very little is known about the role of specific t cells during hepatitis delta virus (hdv) infection in humans. in this study, the t-cell response to hdv in chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) carriers with hdv superinfection was investigated at different levels. analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbmc) proliferation in res ... | 1997 | 9032359 |
| in vitro selection of a viomycin-binding rna pseudoknot. | the peptide antibiotic viomycin inhibits ribosomal protein synthesis, group i intron self-splicing and self-cleavage of the human hepatitis delta virus ribozyme. to understand the molecular basis of rna binding and recognition by viomycin, we isolated a variety of novel viomycin-binding rna molecules using in vitro selection. | 1997 | 9195872 |
| high prevalence of hepatitis g virus infection compared with hepatitis c virus infection in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. | a recently discovered non-a-e hepatitis virus has been designated as hepatitis g virus (hgv) and identified as a new member of the flaviviridae family. infection by this virus is thought to be associated with blood-borne hepatitis and usually in the presence of hepatitis c or hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. in this study, the presence of hgv-rna in serum or plasma and the prevalence of antibodies against an hgv envelope protein (e2) were investigated in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysi ... | 1998 | 9469490 |
| [epstein-barr, hepatitis b and hepatitis c virus infections and their oncogenic potentials]. | there are two ways of connecting epstein-barr virus (ebv) with the uncontrolled growth of ebv infected b lymphocytes: in case of evident immunosuppression when the control by cellular immunity is missing or in the case of pathological growth of malignant clone as a result of genetic translocations. today, ebv is linked with the development of lymphomas in immunosuppressed patients, hodgkin's and burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. the presence of ebv genome in these patients can be ... | 1997 | 9471511 |
| [seroprevalence of hbv, hcv and hdv hepatitis markers in 500 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus]. | the serological status for both hepatitis b, c and d viruses was analyzed for 500 hiv seropositive patients and for 1037 of a control group. the prevalence was 31.4% for anti hcv, 13.8% for hbs ag and 69.0% for one or more hbv markers in hiv positive patients and respectively 2.5%, 2.7% and 13.1% in control group. the markers for hepatitis d were founded among 21% of the hbs ag carriers (patients and control group), correlated with drug i.v. use. the prevalence of anti-hcv was 71.6% in subjects ... | 1997 | 9538467 |
| generation of an mhc class ii-restricted t cell epitope by extracellular processing of hepatitis delta antigen. | hepatitis delta virus is a human pathogen that is responsible for a severe form of hepatitis affecting hepatitis b envelope ag carriers. we have previously identified a series of hepatitis delta ag (hdag) epitopes that are recognized by cd4+ t cell clones isolated from infected subjects. herein, we show that the presentation of soluble hdag to cd4+ t cell clones that are specific for the hdag(106-121) epitope was exceptionally unaffected by the inhibition of the apc-processing machinery when apc ... | 1998 | 9605122 |
| prevalence of transfusion associated infections in multitransfused children in relation to mandatory screening of hiv in donated blood. | any change in risk behavior related to acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is likely to reduce simultaneously the risk for other agents transmitted through identical routes. a study carried out in the city of delhi, india on the load of transfusion associated infections among multitransfused (mt) children in relation to mandatory screening of hiv infection in donated blood indicated unchanged prevalence of hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv) and hepatitis d v ... | 1997 | 9656388 |
| treatment of chronic hepatitis d with interferon alpha-2b in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | hepatitis delta virus (hdv) coinfection is frequent in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and it may cause death independently of the development of full-blown aids. in order to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of interferon alpha in the treatment of hepatitis delta in hiv-infected patients, and to compare them with those observed in anti-hiv-seronegative patients, we carried out an open uncontrolled trial on 21 hiv-uninfected and 16 hiv-infected patients without se ... | 1998 | 9696491 |
| [risk of transmission of infectious diseases by transfusion]. | in obstetric patients transfusion is a common procedure, it has many advantages but it also has severe risks. since the observation that human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is transmitted by transfusion, the number of preventive measures to reduce the infectious diseases transmission by this procedure has increased. the microorganisms that can be transmitted through transfusion include: human t lymphotropic virus (htlv) i and ii, hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, hepatitis d virus, ... | 1998 | 9737068 |
| hepatitis in pregnancy. | currently, six distinct types of hepatitis virus have been identified: a, b, c, d, e, and g. hepatitis a virus infection does not cause a chronic carrier state, and perinatal transmission is extremely uncommon. hepatitis b can be transmitted perinatally, but immunization of the newborn with hepatitis b immune globulin and hepatitis b vaccine markedly reduces the risk of neonatal infection. hepatitis d virus is dependent on coinfection with the hepatitis b virus for replication. immunoprophylaxis ... | 1998 | 9738992 |
| prevalence, implication, and viral nucleotide sequence analysis of gb virus-c/hepatitis g virus infection in acute fulminant and nonfulminant hepatitis. | the clinical impact of gb virus-c (gbv-c)/hepatitis g virus (hgv) infection on various causes of acute hepatitis and fulminant hepatitis is controversial. in this study, serum samples from 164 patients with acute hepatitis of various causes, 34 asymptomatic hepatitis b virus (hbv) carriers, and 34 healthy adults were tested for gbv-c/hgv rna by reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction using primers based on the 5'-untranslated region. nucleotide sequences of gbv-c/hgv rna from vari ... | 1998 | 9746066 |
| a human liver cell line exhibits efficient translation of hcv rnas produced by a recombinant adenovirus expressing t7 rna polymerase. | an in vitro system that supports the efficient growth of hepatitis c virus (hcv) and reflects its complete in vitro replication cycle has not yet been established. the establishment of a minigene rna of hcv in mammalian cells could facilitate the study of virus-cell interactions and the molecular pathogenesis of this virus. we constructed a replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus expressing bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase under the control of cag promoter (adexcat7). a high level of t7 rna ... | 1998 | 9770428 |
| the use of non-human primates as animal models for the study of hepatitis viruses. | hepatitis viruses belong to different families and have in common a striking hepatotropism and restrictions for propagation in cell culture. the transmissibility of hepatitis is in great part limited to non-human primates. enterically transmitted hepatitis viruses (hepatitis a virus and hepatitis e virus) can induce hepatitis in a number of old world and new world monkey species, while the host range of non-human primates susceptible to hepatitis viruses transmitted by the parenteral route (hepa ... | 1998 | 9777010 |
| crystal structure of a hepatitis delta virus ribozyme. | the self-cleaving ribozyme of the hepatitis delta virus (hdv) is the only catalytic rna known to be required for the viability of a human pathogen. we obtained crystals of a 72-nucleotide, self-cleaved form of the genomic hdv ribozyme that diffract x-rays to 2.3 a resolution by engineering the rna to bind a small, basic protein without affecting ribozyme activity. the co-crystal structure shows that the compact catalytic core comprises five helical segments connected as an intricate nested doubl ... | 1998 | 9783582 |
| a conserved bulged adenosine in a peripheral duplex of the antigenomic hdv self-cleaving rna reduceskinetic trapping of inactive conformations. | in the ribozyme of hepatitis delta virus antigenomic rna, two short duplexes, p2 and p2a, stabilize the active self-cleaving structure. however, p2a also promotes kinetic trapping of non-native structures. a bulged adenosine (a14) separates p2a and p2; this bulged a is conserved in clinical isolates of hdv but is unlikely to be physically close to the cleavage site phosphate in the ribozyme structure. removing the bulge did not significantly slow the rate of cleavage but slowed the conversion of ... | 1999 | 9889275 |