| potential anti-aids naphthalenesulfonic acid derivatives. synthesis and inhibition of hiv-1 induced cytopathogenesis and hiv-1 and hiv-2 reverse transcriptase activities. | several naphthalenedi- and trisulfonic acids have been synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory potential against cytopathogenesis and purified recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2) reverse transcriptase (rt). the most potent derivative that emerged from the anti-rt study was a small molecule 6 (mw = 840), a dipalmitoylated derivative of 2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid. analog 6 demonstrated 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) values of 2.42 and 0.86 microm fo ... | 1992 | 1282569 |
| primary b cell lymphoma of the rectum in a patient coinfected with hiv-1 and htlv-i. | this report describes a clinical case of a large cell, immunoblastic plasmacytoid malignant b-cell lymphoma of the rectum in an aids patient coinfected with htlv-i. the malignant cells showed clonal genetic rearrangement of the hc (jh) and lck genes. infection by ebv was demonstrated serologically and with slot blots using genomic dna of the cancer cells. southern blot analysis with dna extracted from the lymphoma cells were negative for htlv-i. the patient received seven cycles of vaco-b which ... | 1992 | 1283227 |
| [study of antigenic structure of hiv-1 protein p24 using monoclonal antibodies]. | during the experiments 4 murine and 3 rat hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (mab) against the protein p24 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) have been obtained. using the immunoblotting technique, it was established that all the species of mab reacted with the same viral proteins which are derivatives of gag gene--p24 and p55. the properties of mab have been studied in competitive binding. their ability of binding to different fragments of the gag protein produced by the rec ... | 1992 | 1283723 |
| association between staphylococcus aureus nasopharyngeal colonization and septicemia in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | in an attempt to identify risk factors for staphylococcus aureus septicemia, 136 consecutive hiv-infected patients were investigated for the presence of nasopharyngeal colonization with staphylococcus aureus and subsequent staphylococcus aureus infection. sixty of 136 (44.1%) hiv-infected patients had staphylococci which were detected in the nasopharynx on initial culture compared to 12 of 39 (30.8%) patients with chronic diseases and 11 of 47 (23.4%) healthy hospital staff. another 12 hiv-infec ... | 1992 | 1295767 |
| monitoring for hiv-1, hiv-2, htlv-i sero-progression and sero-conversion in a population at risk in east africa. | thirty-three individuals from east africa, at risk for acquiring sexually transmitted infections, were selected to be monitored over a five month period for evidence of sero-progression and/or sero-conversion for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 and type-2 (hiv-1, hiv-2), and human t cell leukemia virus type-1 (htlv-i). initially, all sera were reactive by at least one retroviral screening assay, but most produced negative or indeterminate results by western blot assays. five months after the ... | 1992 | 1294680 |
| biological roles of hiv nef proteins. a minireview. | the nef gene, its protein products and diverse mechanisms by which hiv pathogenicity is nef-mediated in vivo and in vitro explain the huge amount of works on this topic. until now the following functional roles have been assigned for nef: 1. downregulation of virus replication; 2. gtp binding and gtpase activities; 3. modulation of cytoplasmic signalling; and 4. cellular (cd4 and il-2) gene regulation. many reports which demonstrate the possible functions of nef in viral replication and in devel ... | 1992 | 1288645 |
| salivary and urinary diagnosis of human immunodeficiency viruses 1 and 2 infection in côte d'ivoire, using two assays. | this investigation, done at the institut pasteur de cote d'ivoire 'blind' of the previous serological findings, suggests that gacelisa, a commercial immunoglobulin g capture enzyme immunoassay for anti-human immunodeficiency virus antibody, can be successfully applied to unprocessed saliva and urine specimens. its accuracy may be as high as that of conventional enzyme assays on serum tested under similar conditions. however, the role of gacpat, a similar assay, as a cheap alternative screening t ... | 1992 | 1287941 |
| differential inhibition of the activities of reverse transcriptase and various cellular dna polymerases by a traditional kampo drug, sho-saiko-to. | a traditional kampo drug, sho-saiko-to, composed of several herb extracts, differentially inhibited the activities of reverse transcriptase and human cellular dna polymerase alpha and beta. reverse transcriptases from murine leukemia virus and human immunodeficiency virus were inhibited by over 80% and 50%, respectively, in the presence of 100 micrograms/ml sho-saiko-to, whereas dna polymerase alpha was much less sensitive to inhibition by this drug than were the reverse transcriptases. dna poly ... | 1990 | 1285436 |
| chemotherapeutic approaches to human immunodeficiency virus infections. | since the discovery of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) as the causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), various attempts have been made to control this fatal disorder. in the replicative cycle of hiv, several steps have been identified as attractive targets for antiviral chemotherapy. sulfated polysaccharides can block the virion binding to the cd4 receptor. 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides including 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (azt) act as potent inhibitors of reverse transcripta ... | 1992 | 1284048 |
| a 10-base-pair element of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat (ltr) is an absolute requirement for transactivation by the human cytomegalovirus 72-kilodalton ie1 protein but can be compensated for by other ltr regions in transactivation by the 80-kilodalton ie2 protein. | transient gene expression studies have indicated that human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) specifically transactivates the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) long terminal repeat (ltr). we show here, by a specific mutational analysis, that only the tata box region is obligatory for transactivation of the hiv-1 ltr by hcmv. similarly, this element is also sufficient for transactivation by either the hcmv 72-kda major immediate-early 1 (ie1) or 80-kda ie2 gene product independently. however, deletion of a ... | 1992 | 1310765 |
| poly(l-lysine)-conjugated oligonucleotides promote sequence-specific inhibition of acute hiv-1 infection. | previously, we have reported that conjugation of antisense oligonucleotides to poly(l-lysine) (pll) lowers their inhibitory concentration in several biological models. we have now tested these conjugates for inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) replication. pll-conjugated oligonucleotides complementary to the translation initiation site of tat protein protect cells from the cytopathic effect of hiv-1 in acute infection assays. the ec50 of conjugates is approximately 0.15 mic ... | 1992 | 1284042 |
| hiv-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor from phyllanthus niruri. | an aqueous extract of phyllanthus niruri (euphorbiaceae) inhibited human immunodeficiency virus type-1 reverse transcriptase (hiv-1-rt). the inhibitor against hiv-1-rt in this plant was purified by combination of three column chromatographies, sephadex lh-20, cellulose, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. the inhibitor was then identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectra as repandusinic acid a monosodium salt (ra) which was originally isolated from mallotus repan ... | 1992 | 1283310 |
| selective inhibition of human immunodeficiency viruses by racemates and enantiomers of cis-5-fluoro-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]cytosine. | 2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine (ftc) has been shown to be a potent and selective compound against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in acutely infected primary human lymphocytes. ftc is also active against human immunodeficiency virus type 2, simian immunodeficiency virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus in various cell culture systems, including human monocytes. the antiviral activity can be prevented by 2'-deoxycytidine, but not by other natural nucleosides, suggesting that ftc mus ... | 1992 | 1283296 |
| comparative purification of recombinant hiv-1 and hiv-2 reverse transcriptase: preparation of heterodimeric enzyme devoid of unprocessed gene product. | a procedure for producing and purifying recombinant hiv-1 and hiv-2 reverse transcriptase (rt) is described. these enzymes are produced by escherichia coli-transformed with a plasmid containing the gene encoding for either the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) or hiv-2 rt protein. both proteins are partially processed by host cell proteases giving rise to a mixture of heterodimeric and nonheterodimeric products, which are subsequently resolved to near homogeneity by chromatography on p ... | 1992 | 1283095 |
| inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat activity by coexpression of heterologous trans activators. | we examined the mechanism of tat-mediated trans activation through competition experiments employing tat proteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and equine infectious anemia virus (eiav). eiav tat, as well as chimeric eiav/hiv-1 tat proteins, inhibited hiv-1 tat-mediated trans activation in a cell-type-dependent fashion. furthermore, these proteins inhibited trans activation by tat-bacteriophage r17 coat protein chimeras. inhibition resulted from competition between activation do ... | 1992 | 1312617 |
| mechanism of anti-human immunodeficiency virus action of polyoxometalates, a class of broad-spectrum antiviral agents. | various polyoxometalates proved inhibitory to the replication of a number of enveloped dna and rna viruses, i.e., herpesviruses (herpes simplex and cytomegalo), togaviruses (sindbis), paramyxoviruses (respiratory syncytial), rhabdoviruses (vesicular stomatitis), arenaviruses (junin and tacaribe), and retroviruses [human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2), simian immunodeficiency virus, and murine sarcoma virus]. the most potent compounds, i.e., jm1590 [k13[ce(siw11o39)2]. 2 ... | 1992 | 1282664 |
| production of monoclonal antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type-2. | the rod strain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) was used to produce monoclonal antibodies. virus grown in cem cells was partially purified by ultracentrifugation and solubilized in a buffer containing triton x-100. balb/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 50 micrograms of solubilized virus preparations mixed 1:1 with complete freund's adjuvant. animals were boosted on day 28 and sacrificed on day 31. spleen cells from the immunized animals were fused with sp20/ag 14 m ... | 1992 | 1282263 |
| hiv inactivation in a bone allograft. | the use of exclusionary techniques in the procurement of donors for bone allografts greatly reduces chances for disease transmission. furthermore, treatment of hiv with either chemical agents or strong acids will effectively inactivate the aids virus. these data are taken as indirect proof that the risk of obtaining aids from a freeze-dried bone allograft is highly remote. the purpose of this study is to obtain direct evidence that the processing of a demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft wo ... | 1992 | 1282153 |
| a new method for measuring reverse transcriptase activity by elisa. | a new and sensitive assay of reverse transcriptase (rt) activity of retroviruses measures the incorporation of digoxigenin-labelled dutp in newly synthesized dna instead of radioactively labelled (3h- or 32p-)dttp. to avoid difficulties associated with separation of non-incorporated nucleotides from the newly synthesized dna, biotin-labelled dutp is added to the reaction mixture in very low concentrations. after reverse transcription, the newly synthesized, doubly labelled dna is immobilized on ... | 1992 | 1282132 |
| decline in ctl and antibody responses to hiv-1 p17 and p24 antigens in hiv-1-infected hemophiliacs irrespective of disease progression. a 5-year follow-up study. | ctl and antibody responses to hiv-1 p17 and p24 antigens were monitored from 1986-1991, in 4 hemophiliacs. the patients had been infected with hiv-1 between 1980 and 1984. two patients have remained asymptomatic while two progressed to aids in 1990. ctl were boosted by culturing with peptides from p17 aa 86-115, or p24 aa 265-279; and aa 270-373 or pha. lysis was measured on autologous or allogeneic targets pulsed with peptides or infected with recombinant vaccinia virus carrying hiv-1 gag or in ... | 1992 | 1281655 |
| in vitro effect of antisense oligonucleotides on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcription. | the molecular events involved in antisense-mediated inhibition of retroviral transcription were studied by analyzing the in vitro effect of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides on reverse transcription by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) reverse transcriptase (rt). oligonucleotides have been designed to be complementary to three targets located in the 5' region of the hiv-1 rna genome: the transactivating response element (tar), the u5 region and a sequence contiguous to the primer binding ... | 1992 | 1281317 |
| cd4 activation of hiv fusion. | the primary cellular receptor for the human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2) is the cd4 antigen. hiv infection of cd4+ cells is initiated by binding of the virus to the cell surface, via a high affinity interaction between cd4 and the hiv outer envelope glycoprotein, gp120. the development of model systems using soluble recombinant forms of cd4 (scd4) has allowed kinetic and thermodynamic analyses of cd4 binding to gp120, and study of the post-binding events leading to ... | 1992 | 1281202 |
| evidence for a lentiviral etiology in an epizootic of immune deficiency and lymphoma in stump-tailed macaques (macaca arctoides). | a retrospective study determined that an epizootic of immune suppression and lymphoma in stump-tailed macaques (macaca arctoides) that began in 1976 was associated with a horizontally spread lentivirus infection. this conclusion was based on serology, epidemiology, pathology, and virus isolation. the lesions found in the stump-tailed macaques were more compatible with lesions seen in siv-infected rhesus than those seen in rhesus macaques infected with type d retroviruses. a lentivirus, isolated ... | 1992 | 1318381 |
| characterization of ebv-positive lymphoblastoid cell lines obtained from hiv seropositive patients with or without lymphomas. | epstein-barr-virus- (ebv-) positive lymphoblastoid cell lines (lcls) spontaneously arising in vitro were obtained from the peripheral blood of six hiv-seropositive patients and from the peripheral blood and the bone marrow of one patient (lam) with aids and lymphoma. the lcls from hiv-seropositive patients had phenotypic, cytogenetic, and biological characteristics indistinguishable from those of normal lcls obtained by infecting b cells with ebv in vitro. the lcls from lam patient comprised com ... | 1992 | 1318463 |
| mannosyl/n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminyl binding properties of the envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 2. | we have recently demonstrated that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) recombinant envelope glycoprotein precursor gp160 (rgp160) behaves as a mannosyl/n-acetylglucosaminyl (glcnac) binding protein. if such a carbohydrate-binding property were of biological relevance it should be shared by other related primate immunodeficiency viruses such as hiv-2. the present study confirms this hypothesis and extends these findings by showing that hiv-2 recombinant gp140 (rgp140) specifically interac ... | 1992 | 1281021 |
| human papillomavirus-associated anogenital neoplasia in persons with hiv infection. | | 1992 | 1318737 |
| construction of a recombinant bacterial human cd4 expression system producing a bioactive cd4 molecule. | the cd4 protein expressed on helper t lymphocytes is a restriction element for major histocompatibility class ii immune responses. this molecule is also used by the human immunodeficiency virus as its specific cellular receptor facilitating binding of virus to cells. as soluble forms of cd4 inhibit hiv infection in tissue culture, attention has focused on this molecule. bacterially produced cd4 would facilitate studies of the biology of the cd4 molecule. however, bacterially expressed cd4 must b ... | 1992 | 1319711 |
| analysis of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate carrying a truncated transmembrane glycoprotein. | we have recently reported the isolation of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), kb-1gp32 carrying a shorter size (32 kda) of transmembrane glycoprotein (tmp) from tall-1 cells persistently infected with kb-1gp41 virus strain (shimizu et al., 1990a). endoglycosidase treatments showed that the different size of the tmp between the two strains was due to a truncation of 9 kda of polypeptide in the kb-1gp32 tmp coding region. sequence analysis revealed the substitution of a cag codon to a ... | 1992 | 1322587 |
| replication and apical budding of hiv-1 in mucous-secreting colonic epithelial cells. | the human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line ht29 can be infected with various isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2). in some cases, the virus was able to perform its complete cycle of replication as demonstrated by the persistent production of mature viral particles in the cell-free culture supernatant. we have cultured ht29 cells chronically infected with the replicative strain hiv1-ndk in a chemically defined serum-free medium. under these conditions, the ce ... | 1992 | 1280683 |
| is cytomegalovirus associated with renal disease in aids patients? | although it has been suggested that cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection of the kidney might facilitate the development of human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (hivan) or other morphologic renal changes in patients with aids, no systematic study has been performed on kidneys from aids patients. we examined 75 autopsy kidneys, two renal biopsy specimens, and a nephrectomy specimen from 78 hiv-infected patients (five with hivan) for the presence of cmv. immunocytochemistry (icc) utilizin ... | 1992 | 1323103 |
| epitopes of human immunodeficiency virus regulatory proteins tat, nef, and rev are expressed in normal human tissue. | the expression of regulatory proteins tat, rev, and nef of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1) and tat of hiv-2 was studied in frozen sections of lymph nodes from hiv-1-infected individuals, and various tissues from uninfected persons. in hiv-1-positive lymph nodes, monoclonal antibodies to hiv-1-tat stained solitary cells in the germinal centers and interfollicular zones, and vascular endothelium. staining by an anti-nef monoclonal antibody was restricted to follicular dendritic cells, ... | 1992 | 1279980 |
| side-chain derivatives of biologically active nucleosides. 1. side-chain analogs of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (azt). | starting from 3-o-mesyl-1,2-o-isopropylidene-alpha-d-allofuranose (9) the anomeric mixtures of the requisite carbohydrates 1,2-di-o-acetyl-6-o-benzoyl-5-deoxy-3-o-mesyl-d-allofuranoses++ + 17a alpha/beta, 1,2-di-o-acetyl-5,6-di-o-benzoyl-3-o-mesyl-d-allofuranoses 17b alpha/beta, and 1,2-di-o-acetyl-5,6-di-o-benzoyl-3-o-mesyl-l-talofuranoses 17c alpha/beta were synthesized. 1,2-di-o-acetyl-5-o-benzoyl-6-deoxy-3-o-mesyl-d-allofuranoses++ + 17d alpha/beta and the corresponding l-talofuranoses 17e a ... | 1992 | 1323681 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase: spatial and temporal relationship between the polymerase and rnase h activities. | the spatial and temporal relationship between the polymerase and rnase h activities of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase has been examined by using a 40-mer rna template and a series of dna primers of lengths ranging from 15 to 40 nucleotides, hybridized to the rna, as substrates. the experiments were executed in the absence and presence of heparin, an efficient trap to sequester any free or dissociated reverse transcriptase, thus facilitating the study of events associat ... | 1992 | 1279694 |
| mutagenesis of the glu-89 residue in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 reverse transcriptases: effects on nucleoside analog resistance. | a glu-89-->gly alteration in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (rt) was previously shown to result in resistance to several dideoxynucleoside analogs and to phosphonoformic acid (pfa; foscarnet). this residue was altered to ala, val, ser, thr, gln, asp, asn, or lys, and the ddgtp and pfa sensitivities of the mutant rts were measured. replacements with ala, gly, val, and thr led to resistance to inhibition by ddgtp, while mutants with amino acid ser, gln, asn, asp, or ... | 1992 | 1279207 |
| testing for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in the united states. | the food and drug administration (fda) has recommended that all donated blood be screened for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) beginning no later than june 1, 1992. this article provides cdc recommendations for the diagnosis of hiv-1 and hiv-2 infections in persons being tested in settings other than blood centers and cdc/fda guidelines for serologic testing with combination hiv-1/hiv-2 screening enzyme immunoassays (eias). epidemiologic data indicate that the prevalence ... | 1992 | 1324395 |
| effects of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat protein on the expression of inflammatory cytokines. | increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (tnf), interleukin-1 (il-1), and il-6, have been detected in specimens from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-infected individuals. here we demonstrate that hiv-1 activates the expression of tnf but not of il-1 and il-6 in acutely and chronically infected t cells. the increase in tnf gene expression is due to activation of the tnf promoter by the viral gene product tat. transactivation of tnf gene expression re ... | 1992 | 1279199 |
| combination treatment with azidothymidine and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | bone marrow suppression is the major dose-limiting toxic effect of zidovudine (azidothymidine; azt) in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. we evaluated the effect of subcutaneously administered granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) in pediatric patients whose absolute neutrophil count was less than 0.8 x 10(9)/l during azt therapy despite dosage reductions to 120 mg/m2 every 6 hours. nineteen patients between 6 months and 20 years of age were treated with azt and g-csf ... | 1992 | 1279153 |
| the interrelationship between hbv-markers and hiv antibodies in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. | to determine the interrelationship between hepatitis b viral markers (hbv), the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) in hcc patients, a total of 282 subjects were included in the study. out of 282 subjects, 182 were hcc patients as determined by raised alpha-feto-protein (afp) of greater than 1,000 ng/ml. the other 100 control patients presented with other conditions and had detectable afp of less than 1,000 ng/ml in their sera. on presentation, 10 ml of venous ... | 1992 | 1279108 |
| mapping of homologous, amino-terminal neutralizing regions of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i and ii gp46 envelope glycoproteins. | twelve synthetic peptides containing hydrophilic amino acid sequences of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) envelope glycoprotein were coupled to tetanus toxoid and used to raise epitope-specific antisera in goats and rabbits. low neutralizing antibody titers (1:10 to 1:20) raised in rabbits to peptides sp-2 (envelope amino acids [aa] 86 to 107), sp-3 (aa 176 to 189), and sp-4a (aa 190 to 209) as well as to combined peptide sp-3/4a (aa 176 to 209) were detected in the vesicular stom ... | 1992 | 1326649 |
| evidence of an in vitro association between human immunodeficiency virus antigen p24 and epstein-barr virus dna. | to investigate the association between human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and epstein-barr virus (ebv), simultaneous determinations of hiv antigen (hiv ag) p24 and ebv dna were performed in lymphocyte culture supernatants from 63 individuals at risk of hiv infection. in vitro data, together with hiv immune status results, were subjected to a statistical analysis. hiv infection was identified in 49 patients (78%); of these, in vitro ebv dna was found in 44 individuals (90%), while in only 3 of th ... | 1992 | 1327786 |
| comparison of indirect immunofluorescence and membrane fluorescence assays for the differentiation of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2. | serum samples from 20 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)- and 30 hiv-2-infected and 7 dually infected individuals were reacted by using the indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and membrane fluorescence assay in order to determine whether these methods were useful for typing hiv-1 and hiv-2 antibodies. although 41 of 50 (82%) of the hiv-1- and hiv-2-positive specimens cross-reacted to some extent with the heterologous antigen in the ifa, the antigen with the higher titer correlated c ... | 1992 | 1328285 |
| [oral hairy leukoplakia in human immunodeficiency virus positive patients: clinical and etiopathogenic aspects]. | clinical and etiopathogenetic features of oral hairy leukoplakia in 5 patients positive for human immunodeficiency virus were studied. oral hairy leukoplakia were located on the lateral borders of the tongue and showed a corrugated/hairy aspect in all the cases. histological examination showed hyperparakeratosis, acanthosis, hair like projection (n = 4) koilocyte-like-cells and moderate subepidermal inflammation. immunohistochemistry revealed positive results for epstein-barr virus indicating an ... | 1992 | 1299282 |
| nephropathy associated with infection by human immunodeficiency virus: a report on 11 cases including 6 treated with zidovudine. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) was recently suggested to be involved in generating kidney lesions in hiv-associated nephropathy (hivn). the possibility that antiretroviral agents can slow down the usually explosive evolution of hivn to end-stage renal failure (esrf) has not been studied in many of the series of cases published. the present work is a retrospective analysis of 11 patients with histologically proven hivn, 6 of whom were treated with zidovudine. seven patients (group 1) eith ... | 1992 | 1300439 |
| the mannose-specific plant lectins from cymbidium hybrid and epipactis helleborine and the (n-acetylglucosamine)n-specific plant lectin from urtica dioica are potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus replication in vitro. | a series of four mannose(man)-, three n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac)n-, ten n-acetylgalactosamine/galactose(galnac/gal)-, one 5-acetylneuraminic acid (alpha-2,3-gal/galnac)- and one 5-acetylneuroaminic acid(alpha-2,6-gal/gal-nac)-specific plant agglutinins were evaluated for their antiviral activity in vitro. the mannose-specific lectins from the orchid species cymbidium hybrid (ca), epipactis helleborine (eha) and listera ovata (loa) were highly inhibitory to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( ... | 1992 | 1329650 |
| crystal structure of a complex of hiv-1 protease with a dihydroxyethylene-containing inhibitor: comparisons with molecular modeling. | the structure of a crystal complex of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) protease with a peptide-mimetic inhibitor containing a dihydroxyethylene isostere insert replacing the scissile bond has been determined. the inhibitor is noa-his-hch psi [ch(oh)ch(oh)]vam-ile-amp (u-75875), and its ki for inhibition of the hiv-1 protease is < 1.0 nm (noa = 1-naphthoxyacetyl, hch = a hydroxy-modified form of cyclohexylalanine, vam = a hydroxy-modified form of valine, amp = 2-pyridylmeth ... | 1992 | 1304383 |
| chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus and subsequent infection with hiv1. | since the beginning of the pandemia caused by the human immunodeficiency virus several reports have described cases of infection by hiv1 in patients bearing rheumatic diseases. the infection by hiv 1 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) and chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (ccle), however, seems to be elusive. as far as we know, only 3 cases of hiv infection associated with sle have been published. furthermore, we have not been able to find out any report concerning hiv infec ... | 1992 | 1308264 |
| effects of dimethyl prostaglandin a1 on herpes simplex virus and human immunodeficiency virus replication. | we have investigated the direct effect of dimethyl prostaglandin a1 (dmpga1) on the replication of herpes simplex virus (hsv) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). dmpga1 significantly inhibited viral replication in both hsv and hiv infection systems at concentrations of dmpga1 that did not adversely alter cellular dna synthesis. the 50% inhibitory concentration (id50) for several hsv type 1 (hsv-1) strains ranged from 3.8 to 5.6 micrograms/ml for vero cells and from 4.6 to 7.3 microg ... | 1992 | 1332592 |
| computer analysis of the amino acid sequences in gp41 of apathogenic african green monkey (agm) virus, less pathogenic hiv-2 and highly pathogenic siv and hiv-1 lentiviruses. | the bestfit computer program was used to compare the amino acid sequence of the gp160 envelope glycoprotein of an apathogenic agm and the pathogenic sivagm monkey lentiviruses. it was found that the gp120 envelope glycoproteins of these viruses resembled each other in their functional domains. however, an insert of 40 amino acids was found in the gp41 envelope glycoproteins of the pathogenic sivagm virus in the amino acid sequence between the membrane anchoring sequence and the carboxyterminus. ... | 1992 | 1335629 |
| herpes zoster and human immunodeficiency virus infection. | the interaction of herpes zoster and the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) was evaluated in a cohort study of 287 homosexual men with well-defined dates of hiv seroconversion and 499 hiv-seronegative homosexual men. the incidence of herpes zoster was significantly higher among hiv-seropositive men (29.4 cases/1000 person-years) than among hiv-seronegative men (2.0 cases/1000 person-years); the overall age-adjusted relative risk (rr) was 16.9 (95% confidence interval [ci], 8.7-32.6). when compar ... | 1992 | 1308664 |
| serum angiotensin-converting enzyme level is elevated in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) level is elevated in a number of disease states and medical conditions. based on review of the medical literature, we postulated that serum ace level elevation may occur during infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 1992 | 1310846 |
| relapsing and remitting human immunodeficiency virus-associated leukoencephalomyelopathy. | we describe a 33-year-old homosexual man with a steroid-responsive, remitting and relapsing leukoencephalopathy associated with recent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) seroconversion. biopsy of a parieto-occipital lesion revealed demyelination and astrogliosis with focal necrosis. detailed investigations demonstrated no pathogens in the brain other than hiv-1. this patient illustrates that a neurological disorder clinically indistinguishable from multiple sclerosis may be the presenti ... | 1992 | 1311910 |
| hematological effects of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine in rabbits. | the antiviral nucleoside analogue 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddc) is a dna chain terminator and/or inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) reverse transcriptase. we evaluated the effects of ddc in 36 new zealand white rabbits. three/sex were assigned to a control group and 5 treatment groups (10-250 mg/kg/day) for 13 or 18 weeks. blood samples were taken 1 week prior to treatment and weekly thereafter to termination with the exception of the 2 highest dose groups, where blood sample collecti ... | 1992 | 1338236 |
| synthetic "interface" peptides alter dimeric assembly of the hiv 1 and 2 proteases. | retroviral proteases are obligate homodimers and play an essential role in the viral life cycle. dissociation of dimers or prevention of their assembly may inactivate these enzymes and prevent viral maturation. a salient structural feature of these enzymes is an extended interface composed of interdigitating n- and c-terminal residues of both monomers, which form a four-stranded beta-sheet. peptides mimicking one beta-strand (residues 95-99), or two beta-strands (residues 1-5 plus 95-99 or 95-99 ... | 1992 | 1338945 |
| correlates of human immunodeficiency virus infection in intravenous drug users: are treatment-program samples misleading? | using a community-based sample of 1632 intravenous drug users in baltimore, maryland, usa, this study evaluated a possible selection bias faced when studying risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (hiv-1) in intravenous drug users drawn solely from treatment programs. consenting subjects, recruited by extensive distribution of brochures and word-of-mouth, underwent confidential interviews about drug use behaviors in a setting that was independent of community service agencies. of ... | 1992 | 1311973 |
| epstein-barr virus and hiv play no direct role in persistent generalized lymphadenopathy syndrome. | persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (pgl) and polyclonal b cell activation are features of infection with hiv. epstein-barr virus (ebv) and hiv are known to activate b cells in vitro, but whether they are important b cell activators in patients infected with hiv is less clear. in this study, lymph node tissue was obtained from 10 patients with pgl and assessed for evidence of ebv and hiv gene sequences. dna was extracted and specific viral gene sequences identified using the polymerase chain ... | 1992 | 1311993 |
| [infections and other opportunistic processes in a group of cuban stage-iv hiv patients]. | forty cuban patients affected by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), belonging to group iv, assisted during a year at the pedro kourí tropical medicine institute, are reported. pneumocystis carinii, cryptosporidiosis, mucocutaneous herpes simplex, oral candidiasis and multidermatoma herpes zoster were the most commonly found infections. other non-opportunistic diseases such as dermatitis seborrhoeica and onychomycosis were also present. | 1992 | 1344688 |
| transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat-directed gene expression by the human foamy virus bel1 protein requires a specific dna sequence. | human foamy virus (hfv) encodes the transcriptional transactivator bel1. the bel1 protein transactivates hfv long terminal repeat (ltr)-directed gene expression by recognizing a region in u3. it also transactivates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) ltr-directed gene expression in transient transfection assays. to identify the specific region in hiv-1 ltr responsible for bel1 action, we examined the effect of bel1 on chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene expression in transfected ... | 1992 | 1313928 |
| the effect of zidovudine treatment on serum neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin levels in mildly symptomatic, hiv type 1 seropositive individuals. | sixty-one subjects with mildly symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection were included in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of zidovudine (part of aids clinical trials group protocol 016, actg 016) to evaluate changes in the serum immune activation markers neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) as early markers of the antiviral effect of zidovudine on hiv type 1 (hiv-1) infection. the mean values of serum neopterin and beta 2m levels in 27 placebo-treated ... | 1992 | 1346807 |
| [papilloma virus infection and cancer of the cervix uteri in carriers of human immunodeficiency virus]. | | 1992 | 1314925 |
| a comparison of regulatory features in primate lentiviruses. | historically, research into the regulation of gene expression in primate lentiviruses has focused on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), the primary cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in humans. the increasing emergence of hiv-2 as a human pathogen, and the importance of the various simian immunodeficiency viruses (siv) as models for the treatment and prevention of hiv-1-induced disease, suggest that an understanding of gene regulation in these related viruses will becom ... | 1992 | 1315144 |
| efficient production of human immunodeficiency virus proteins in transgenic mice. | transgenic mice containing the complete human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) coding sequences fused to the mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat were generated. they were found to produce high levels of authentic gag and env hiv proteins in several tissues known to support mouse mammary tumor virus-driven transcription. hiv proteins were also detected in serum and in body fluids (milk and epididymal secretions) known to be natural sites of retrovirus, and specifically of hiv, production. ... | 1992 | 1316490 |
| severe cytomegalovirus pneumonitis in hiv infected patients with higher than average cd4 counts. | cytomegalovirus may replicate within the lungs both of recipients of transplants and of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). a hypothesis formulated by this group was that a host damaging immune response might be provoked by cytomegalovirus infection and cause a severe pneumonitis in recipients of allogeneic transplants, whereas the progressive impairment of cellular immunity in patients with hiv disease would preclude a damaging immune response in the lungs, and thus p ... | 1992 | 1316639 |
| detection of jc virus dna in peripheral lymphocytes from patients with and without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. | progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml) results from lytic infection of oligodendrocytes by jc virus (jcv). although jcv has been identified in mononuclear cells in bone marrow and hematogenous dissemination of the virus to the central nervous system has been suspected, jcv has never been clearly demonstrated in the peripheral circulation. using polymerase chain reaction technology, we examined peripheral lymphocytes of 19 patients with brain biopsy-proven pml for the jcv genome. two no ... | 1992 | 1316734 |
| molecular studies of viral pathogenesis in the central nervous system. the linacre lecture 1991. | what is the molecular biological basis of viral pathogenesis in the central nervous system (cns), ie by what molecular mechanisms do different viruses produce particular patterns of neurological disease in man and animal models, and can one use molecular techniques to ascertain the viral aetiology of certain neurological conditions? this complex subject can be approached in three different but interrelated ways. first, one may relate molecular techniques to specific biological properties such as ... | 1992 | 1316963 |
| [an esophageal ulcer due to cytomegalovirus in a female patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus without serious immunosuppression: is this an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome?]. | | 1992 | 1318483 |
| different pattern of activity of inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus in lymphocytes and monocyte/macrophages. | monocyte/macrophages (m/m) are important targets for hiv in the body, and represent the majority of cells infected by the virus in some body compartments such as the central nervous system (cns). m/m can be different from t-lymphocytes in terms of surface antigens, cell replication and drug metabolism. thus, we evaluated, in m/m and in t-lymphocytes, the pattern of viral inhibition induced by various anti-hiv drugs, and assessed some of the mechanisms of action related to such antiviral activity ... | 1992 | 1322645 |
| effect of foscarnet therapy on human immunodeficiency virus p24 antigen levels in aids patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis. | circulating human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) p24 antigen levels were measured in 22 aids patients who had detectable serum antigen at baseline after induction and maintenance therapy of foscarnet for cytomegalovirus retinitis in phase i/ii multicenter trials. the hiv p24 antigen levels decreased from a baseline value of 199 +/- 236 (mean +/- sd) and 140 pg/ml (median) to 106 +/- 218 and 28 pg/ml after 14 days of foscarnet induction therapy (60 mg/kg every 8 h). during chronic foscarnet mainten ... | 1992 | 1323624 |
| prevalence of markers for human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2, human t-lymphotropic virus type i, cytomegalovirus, and hepatitis b and c virus in multiply transfused thalassemia patients. the french study group on thalassaemia. | the prevalence of markers for human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (hiv-1, hiv-2), human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i), hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv), and cytomegalovirus (cmv) was evaluated in a population of 305 multiply transfused thalassemia patients in belgium, france, and italy (sicily). no patients were found positive for hiv-2 antibodies. two french patients were seropositive for hiv-1, having been infected before systematic blood screening. antibodies ... | 1992 | 1323885 |
| [benign lymphoepithelial cysts of the parotid in a patient with hiv infection]. | we report on a hiv-positive patient presenting bilateral enlargement of the parotid gland. the ultrasound examination demonstrated multiple lesions with cystic aspect. a partial surgical excision of the parotid gland was performed, and histologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of a cystic benign lymphoepithelial lesion. the specimens which were tested for epstein-barr virus and cytomegalovirus by in situ hybridization proved negative. the clinical and pathologic features of this unusual sal ... | 1992 | 1324394 |
| solid phase synthesis of the proteinase of bovine leukemia virus. comparison of its specificity to that of hiv-2 proteinase. | the 126-residue proteinase (pr) of bovine leukemia virus (blv) was synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis and its activity was shown using various oligopeptide substrates representing cleavage sites in blv, human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (htlv-1), murine leukemia virus (mulv) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). the specificity of the blv pr was also compared to that of chemically synthesized human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) pr. many of the peptides were cleaved ... | 1992 | 1325379 |
| seroreactivity to human t cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 and related retroviruses in multiple sclerosis patients from denmark and the faroes. | a total of 40 multiple sclerosis (ms) patients from denmark and 10 from the faroes were examined for antibodies with affinity to human t cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (htlv-i) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2). using elisa, ms patients and a group of healthy controls did not differ significantly in their reactivities to htlv-i. however, elevated reactivities were recorded with 5 ms sera, whereas only 2 of the sera from the controls produced highly values. ten ... | 1992 | 1325731 |
| detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in brain tissue. | infection due to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 2 is believed to cause a clinical picture similar to that of hiv-1, although extensive data are not available. in 2 patients with west african exposure and neurologic symptoms, hiv-2 was detected in the central nervous system using dna and rna polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, and immunohistology. in the first patient, the neurologic disease was most likely due to productive infection with hiv-2. in the second, a combinatio ... | 1992 | 1356128 |
| major core proteins, p24s, of human, simian, and feline immunodeficiency viruses are partly expressed on the surface of the virus-infected cells. | we have previously shown the expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) major gag protein, p24, on the surface of persistently hiv-1-infected cells by using murine monoclonal antibodies (mab). we now report that the cell surface gag p24 antigen expression is a universal phenomenon among hiv-1, simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). the mabs prepared by immunization with purified hiv-1 particles were used as antibodies cross-reactive to hiv-1 ... | 1992 | 1326145 |
| forecasts of the costs of medical care for persons with hiv: 1992-1995. | this study concludes that the cumulative (national) cost of treating all persons with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) rose considerably over the past year and will continue to rise over the next several years. it is forecast that the cumulative cost of treating all persons with hiv will increase 48% from 1992 to 1995 (from $10.3 billion to $15.2 billion). it is estimated that the average yearly cost of treating a person with aids is $38,300 and of treating an infected person without aids ... | 1992 | 1356925 |
| [neurological complications in 95 patients with hiv infection. a retrospective analysis of anamnestic and clinical data]. | this retrospective investigation of neurological deficits in 95 consecutive patients (77 men, mean age 35 years; 18 women, mean age 28 years) infected by the human immunodeficiency virus showed that 61% of the female and 47% of the male patients exhibited neurological deficits. in 18% of the total population neurological deficits were the initial sign of acquired immunodeficiency. in addition, we found that a history of headaches and the clinical finding of mental impairment as well as internist ... | 1992 | 1328830 |
| viral co-infections in human papillomavirus-associated anogenital lesions according to the serostatus for the human immunodeficiency virus. | in hiv-infected men, human papillomavirus (hpv) infection is strongly linked with the development of anogenital lesions but is not a sufficient factor to explain the neoplastic transformation of such lesions. we investigated the association between hpv and herpesvirus infections in penile and anal lesions from 54 hiv-seronegative and 54 hiv-seropositive men by means of colposcopy, histopathology and in situ hybridization. our patients showed condyloma acuminata (39%), papular warts (35%) and mac ... | 1992 | 1330931 |
| mechanism of inhibition of the retroviral protease by a rous sarcoma virus peptide substrate representing the cleavage site between the gag p2 and p10 proteins. | the activity of the avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) or the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) protease on peptide substrates which represent cleavage sites found in the gag and gag-pol polyproteins of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) and hiv-1 has been analyzed. each protease efficiently processed cleavage site substrates found in their cognate polyprotein precursors. additionally, in some instances heterologous activity was detected. the catalytic efficiency of the rsv protease on cognate sub ... | 1992 | 1331099 |
| [esophageal candidiasis in hiv positive patients. lack of statistical correlation with cd4 lymphocytes]. | one hundred and twenty-nine upper gastrointestinal endoscopies were performed between november, 1986, and november, 1990, at the fort-de-france hospital (martinique), on 92 patients who were seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). blood samples were drawn at the same time as 75 endoscopic examinations and the number of cd4 lymphocytes/mm3 was determined. the incidence of esophageal candidiasis was 23.1% and lesions were observed in 17.2% of the endoscopies performed systematical ... | 1992 | 1362339 |
| susceptibility of human monoclonal antibody-producing b cell lines to infection by human immunodeficiency virus. | seven immortalized b cell clones, five of which secreted specific human monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against hepatitis b, tetanus toxoid, and rhesus d antigens, were evaluated for their susceptibility to infection by human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2). infection was confirmed in three human mab-producing lines by detection of infectious virus and p24 antigen in culture supernates, by immunofluorescence, and by detection of viral dna in cells by polymerase chain reaction ... | 1992 | 1335786 |
| identification and evaluation of new primer sets for the detection of lentivirus proviral dna. | we have developed sets of degenerate oligonucleotides designed to detect pol gene sequences from any member of the lentivirus subfamily when used as primers in amplification techniques such as the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). this pan-lentivirus-specific primer set (plsps) consists of primers, lv1, lv2, and lv3, based on conserved regions common to lentiviruses only. our protocol is based on primary amplification with lv1 and lv2 followed by secondary amplification with a nested primer set b ... | 1992 | 1337258 |
| tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus: effects of immunization and feline leukemia virus infection. | tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf alpha) levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and by cell culture bioassay in supernatants of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated feline monocyte cultures and in cat serum samples. there was a good correlation between the results obtained by the two methods. from the fact that tnf alpha was neutralized quantitatively by antibodies to human tnf alpha in feline monocyte supernatants and in feline sera, it was concluded that feline tnf alpha i ... | 1992 | 1337403 |
| expression of hiv-2 gag and env antigens in e. coli. | | 1992 | 1364028 |
| [the spread of human immunodeficiency virus infection (hiv-1/hiv-2) and of hepatitis b and c in non-drug-addicted prostitutes. extremadura]. | the proportion of cases of aids in extremadura, in which sexual transmission has existed, is comparatively lower than the national one. the possibilities of the infection introduction in the general population may increase the relative importance of this way of transmission in the future. penetration of hiv is unknown in prostitutes living and working in the autonomous community of extremadura, as a collective associated to virus sexual transmission and to other socio-cultural risk factors invol ... | 1992 | 1366224 |
| studies to define viral cofactors for human immunodeficiency virus. | results from molecular biologic, cell biologic and animal experiments show that hiv replication can be driven by a variety of other viruses. if such interactions took place in vivo, then they could help to explain some of the complex pathogenesis of aids. the problems incurred in attempting to address this question in populations of humans are discussed. | 1992 | 1344663 |
| a cd4+ cytotoxic t-lymphocyte clone to a conserved epitope on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 p24: cytotoxic activity and secretion of interleukin-2 and interleukin-6. | a cd4+ cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) clone, established from the peripheral blood of a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-seropositive donor, lysed autologous target cells that were infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus containing the gag gene of hiv type 1 and target cells pulsed with p24gag construct expressed in escherichia coli. the recognition of the hla-dq-restricted epitope by this clone was further defined by using overlapping synthetic peptides. the epitope recognized by this cd4+ c ... | 1992 | 1370094 |
| risk of hepatitis b and human immunodeficiency virus transmission to a patient from an infected surgeon due to percutaneous injury during an invasive procedure: estimates based on a model. | the objective was to estimate the probability of sporadic hepatitis b virus (hbv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission to a patient from an infected surgeon due to percutaneous injury during an invasive procedure. risk was estimated based on a model involving three probabilities: a, the probability that the surgeon will sustain a percutaneous injury during an invasive procedure; b, the probability that the sharp object causing the injury and now contaminated with the surgeon's blo ... | 1992 | 1344665 |
| human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 can superinfect hiv-2-infected cells: pseudotype virions produced with expanded cellular host range. | in studies on viral interference, cloned t-cell lines chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 or hiv-2 were inoculated with several strains of these two aids retrovirus subtypes. hiv-2uc1-infected cells, which still express the cd4 receptor, could be superinfected with a variety of hiv-1 and hiv-2 strains. this event was accompanied by cytopathic effects in the cells and production of pseudotype virions with an expanded cellular host range. hiv-1- or hiv-2-infected cl ... | 1992 | 1346069 |
| hiv-1 in blood monocytes: frequency of detection of proviral dna using pcr and comparison with the total cd4 count. | in vivo infection of monocytes/macrophages by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has been investigated in many studies since these cells were suggested to provide a reservoir for the virus. in this study, we wanted to find out whether hiv provirus could be detected in circulating monocytes and whether it could be compared with the provirus found in t lymphocytes (t-ly). twenty-one seropositive subjects were studied. the amplification method (pcr) was used with three different primer pairs (i ... | 1992 | 1347227 |
| influence of carbohydrate moieties on the immunogenicity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 recombinant gp160. | the role of carbohydrates in the immunogenicity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) glycoproteins (gp160 and gp120) remains poorly understood. we have analyzed the specificity and neutralizing capacity of antibodies raised against native gp160 or against gp160 deglycosylated by either endo f-n glycanase, neuraminidase, or alpha-mannosidase. rabbits immunized with these immunogens produced antibodies that recognized recombinant gp160 (rgp160) from hiv-1 in a radioimmunoassay and in an ... | 1992 | 1347797 |
| outpatient management of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | the outpatient management of patients infected with human immunodeficiency syndrome is reviewed. patients with cd4+ cell counts of greater than 0.5 x 10(9)/l (500/mm3) require no specific intervention except vaccination against influenza, pneumococcus, and possibly hepatitis b. they should have a follow-up examination every 3 to 6 months. because of its success in preventing the progression of the disease, zidovudine (azt), 100 mg five times per day, is recommended for patients with cd4+ cell co ... | 1992 | 1348266 |
| the relationship of hiv-1 viral sequences detected by the polymerase chain reaction in haemophilic patients to clinical and other markers of infection. | a nested primer polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of pol gene sequences of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) was applied to whole blood of 31 haemophiliacs who were, or had been, positive for hiv p24 antibody (hivab) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and samples from 22 persistently hivab negative haemophiliacs who had been at risk of contracting hiv from treatment. the results were compared with those of p24 hiv antigen determination, t4 cell counts beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2m) ... | 1992 | 1350951 |
| sulfated alkyl oligosaccharides with potent inhibitory effects on human immunodeficiency virus infection. | compounds with medium relative molecular masses active against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) were synthesized. sulfated alkyl oligosaccharides such as sulfated octadecyl maltohexaoside, sulfated dodecyl laminaripentaoside and sulfated dodecyl laminari-oligomer caused 50% inhibition of virus infection in the ec50 range of 0.4-0.7 microgram/ml in vitro using the mt-4 cell line and hiv-1htlv-iiib virus isolate, though sulfated oligosaccharides without alkyl groups showed low anti-hiv activitie ... | 1992 | 1351727 |
| prophylactic intravenous immunoglobulin in hiv-infected children with cd4+ counts of 0.20 x 10(9)/l or more. effect on viral, opportunistic, and bacterial infections. the national institute of child health and human development intravenous immunoglobulin clinical trial study group. | to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) for prevention of viral, opportunistic, and minor bacterial infections in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 1992 | 1352363 |
| the impact of human t-lymphotrophic virus type i/ii infection on the prognosis of sexually acquired cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | twenty (18%) of 111 peruvian men with sexually acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection were found also to be infected with human t-lymphotrophic virus type i or ii in a retrospective study. at the time of data evaluation, 75 patients had reached centers for disease control stage iv (clinical acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) and had not received antiviral medication; mortality in this group was 63.3% (38/60) among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus alone and 80% (12/15 ... | 1992 | 1352675 |
| cd4 status and p24 antigenemia. are they useful predictors of survival in hiv-infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy? | to determine the relationship between cd4 status and the p24 antigen level and survival in children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | 1992 | 1353299 |
| immune status of asymptomatic hiv-infected hemophiliacs: randomized, prospective, two-year comparison of treatment with a high-purity or an intermediate-purity factor viii concentrate. | it has been postulated that high-purity factor viii (fviii) concentrates, since they contain less alloantigenic proteins than intermediate-purity concentrates, might cause lesser deterioration of the immune systems of hemophilic patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). to evaluate this hypothesis, we have prospectively compared t-lymphocytes subsets and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to skin tests in 17 asymptomatic hiv-positive hemophiliacs randomly assigned to continu ... | 1992 | 1353642 |
| prevalence of hiv-1 and hiv-2 mixed infections in côte d'ivoire. | we have investigated the cause of dual serological reactivity to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) types 1 and 2, a common occurrence in west africa. serum specimens from 111 individuals from côte d'ivoire classified by commercial western blot as hiv-1 (n = 15), hiv-2 (32), and dually reactive (64) were further tested by more specific serological tests (a synthetic peptide enzyme immunoassay [pepti-lav 1/2] and western blots prepared from antigen in which oligomeric forms of the transmembrane p ... | 1992 | 1353806 |
| virological and polymerase chain reaction studies of hiv-1/hiv-2 dual infection in côte d'ivoire. | dual serological reactivity to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) types 1 and 2 is common in côte d'ivoire. to assess whether dual infection is the reason for dual seropositivity we sought hiv-1 and hiv-2 proviral dna in primary uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from selected seropositive patients in côte d'ivoire with the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). pcr on primary lymphocytes in 36 dually seropositive samples revealed the presence of both hiv-1 and hiv-2 proviral dna in 12 ... | 1992 | 1353807 |
| aids-like disproportion of minor t-cell subsets in japanese patients with wegener's granulomatosis. | fifteen japanese patients with wegener's granulomatosis (wg) were evaluated according to their lymphocyte subset abnormalities. two colour immunofluorescent flow cytometry was used to distinguish the lymphocyte subset alterations. wg group showed a decrease in the percentage of cd4+ cells and the increase of cd8+ cells. within the nk cell family, the functionally unidentified cd8+57+ cells were markedly elevated. the disproportion of the lymphocyte subsets (cd4+ decreases cd8+57+ increases) were ... | 1992 | 1372925 |
| poliovirus chimeras expressing sequences from the principal neutralization domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | sequences from the principal neutralization domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) strain lai or rf have been expressed in antigenic site 1 of the capsid of the sabin strain of poliovirus type 1. a number of the resulting chimeras were viable. viable variants bearing mutations within the insertion site spontaneously arose from several nonviable chimeras. in general, these mutations result in a decrease in positive charge in the substituted antigenic site 1. two of the chimeras wer ... | 1992 | 1373205 |