| mechanism of killing by virus-induced cytotoxic t lymphocytes elicited in vivo. | the mechanism of lysis by in vivo-induced cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) was examined with virus-specific ctl from mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv). lcmv-induced t cells were shown to have greater than 10 times the serine esterase activity of t cells from normal mice, and high levels of serine esterase were located in the lcmv-induced cd8+ cell population. serine esterase was also induced in purified t-cell preparations isolated from mice infected with other viruses (m ... | 1990 | 2115090 |
| in vivo selection of lymphocyte-tropic and macrophage-tropic variants of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus during persistent infection. | this study demonstrates cell-specific selection of viral variants during persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in its natural host. we have analyzed viral isolates obtained from cd4+ t cells and macrophages of congenitally infected carrier mice and found that three types of variants are present in individual carrier mice: (i) macrophage-tropic, (ii) lymphotropic, and (iii) amphotropic. the majority of the isolates were amphotropic and exhibited enhanced growth in both lymphocyt ... | 1990 | 1976825 |
| antiviral immune responses of fully allogeneic irradiation bone marrow mouse chimeras. | in (b10.br----b10) chimeras infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus higher titers were attained in spleens and livers than in organs of the mice used for their construction, and the subsequent elimination was retarded, but eventually the virus was cleared. the numbers of lcm virus-specific ctl and their precursors as quantitated with chromium-release assay and limiting dilution method, respectively, were lower in chimeras than in b10.br or c57bl/10j mice, and fewer were restricted ... | 1991 | 1919008 |
| isolation of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus from wild house mice (mus musculus) in osaka port, japan. | lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) was isolated from 14 out of 35 wild house mouse samples captured on two piers of osaka port in japan. four of them were isolated from were isolated from 18 antibody positive mice while 10 were from 17 antibody negative mice. this is the first report of the isolation of lcmv from wild mice in japan. | 1991 | 1836377 |
| antiviral cytotoxic t cell response induced by in vivo priming with a free synthetic peptide. | induction in vivo of antiviral cytotoxic t cell response was achieved in a mhc class i-dependent fashion by immunizing mice three times with a free unmodified 15-mer peptide derived from the nucleoprotein of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in ifa. the effector t cells are cd8+, restricted to the class i ld allele of the analyzed mouse strain, and are specific both at the level of secondary restimulation in vitro and at the effector t cell level. these results suggest that cocktails of viral p ... | 1990 | 1692084 |
| mechanisms of antibody-mediated protection against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection: mother-to-baby transfer of humoral protection. | the role of antiviral antibodies in resistance to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) infection was explored. immune serum and monoclonal antibodies prevented fatal t-cell-mediated immunopathology following acute lcmv infections. in addition, 10- and 14-day-old mice that received maternally derived anti-lcmv antibodies through nursing were protected from an otherwise lethal lcmv challenge. detailed investigation of the mechanism(s) by which these antiviral antibodies provided was carried o ... | 1992 | 1376367 |
| correlation between cyclophosphamide-induced viral susceptibility and depletion of junin virus-induced suppressor populations. | in contrast to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, another arenavirus, junin virus (jv), the etiologic agent of argentine hemorrhagic fever, when inoculated into suckling mice, induces lethal meningoencephalitis characterized by a delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth)-like immune response. however, the adult balb/c mouse is resistant to infection and no dth reaction can be seen. this different viral sensitivity may be related to the development of an antigen non-specific dth-suppressor cell pathwa ... | 1992 | 1315368 |
| viral persistence in neurons explained by lack of major histocompatibility class i expression. | viruses frequently persist in neurons, suggesting that these cells can evade immune surveillance. in a mouse model, 5 x 10(6) cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls), specific for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv), did not lyse infected neurons or cause immunopathologic injury. in contrast, intracerebral injection of less than 10(3) ctl caused disease and death when viral antigens were expressed on leptomeningeal and choroid plexus cells of the nervous system. the neuronal cell line obl21 express ... | 1991 | 1891717 |
| comparison of three tests for the serological diagnosis of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. | levels of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus antibody were assayed in 62 infected persons. the three tests used were indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa), complement fixation, and neutralization in mice. the sera first became positive by the ifa test, and ifa titers rapidly rose to a relatively high level, with the sera remaining positive long after the antibody detectable by complement fixation had disappeared. the ifa test appeared to be specific. the sera became positive last by the mouse neut ... | 1975 | 1100673 |
| antibodies to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in wild rodent sera in egypt. | specific antibodies to lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus were detected in sera of wild rodents trapped in different regions of egypt. the highest proportion of positive sera (11.5%) was found in sinaa governorate of the asian continent, followed by sharkia governorate (5.6%) adjacent to sinaa and giza governorate (1.8%). in upper egypt, however all 610 rodent sera collected in aswan, red sea pernees and new valley adjacent to sudan were negative. the highest percentage of positive sera wa ... | 1991 | 1880412 |
| the cytotoxicity of specifically sensitized lymphocytes from mouse strains of varying h-2 specificities on lcm virus-infected l cells. | during an lcm virus infection in mice, cytotoxic t lymphocytes appear to be directed against target cells infected with the virus. this cytotoxic reaction is restricted by the h-2 histo-compatibility between effector and target cells. to analyse this restriction, the cytotoxic effect of in vivo sensitized spleen cells from mice of various h-2 specificities on lcm virus-infecte of in vivo sensitized spleen cells from mice of various h-2 specificities on lcm virus-infected l cells (h-2k) was studi ... | 1976 | 1087102 |
| infection of cultivated mouse peritoneal macrophages with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. | lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus strain we multiplied in cultivated peritoneal macrophages from unstimulated nmri mice. as revealed by immunofluorescence technique, most cells participated in the infectious process. they were not, however, functionally altered. morphologically, infected cells contained more cytoplasmic vacuoles, but these were also present, though less numerous, in uninfected ageing cells and in cells having phagocytosed latex beads. as compared with the we strain virus, the e ... | 1978 | 566306 |
| ir-genes in h-2 regulate generation of anti-viral cytotoxic t cells. mapping to k or d and dominance of unresponsiveness. | h-2 dependent and virus-specific ir genes regulate the generation of primary virus-specific k or d restricted cytotoxic t-cell responses in vivo. the following examples have been analyzed in some detail: first, dk restricted responses to vaccinia in sendai viruses are at least 30 times lower than the corresponding k-restricted responses irrespective of the h-2 haplotypes (k, b, d, dxs, dxq) of k and i regions; in contrast, lcmv infection generates high responses to dk. these findings are consist ... | 1978 | 212503 |
| h-2-linked murine cytotoxic t cell responses specific for sendai virus-infected cells. | cba (h-2k) mouse-derived lymphochoriomeningitis virus and herpes simplex virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes lyse virus-infected target cells compatible on either the h-2k or h-2d region. in contrast, cba, c3h and akr (h-2k) mouse-derived sendai virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) fail to lyse h-2d-compatible virus-infected cells. a similar lack of h-2d region-associated lytic activity was found with c57bl/6 and c57bl/10 (h-2b) mice as well as with the recombinants b10.a (2r) [kb-db] ... | 1978 | 83237 |
| monoclonal antibodies against viral determinants are not restricted to the k/d end of the major histocompatibility complex. | monoclonal antibodies against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv), a natural, high-replicating, noncytolytic pathogen in mice, were obtained from fusions between myeloma cells and lymphoid cells of mice of different h-2 haplotypes at various times (4-24 d) after infection. supernatants from growing hybridomas were tested in a ria, and approximately 15% of all supernatants were positive when tested for specificity on infected vs. uninfected cells of different haplotypes. upon retesting for ... | 1987 | 2439638 |
| fine mapping of a peptide sequence containing an antigenic site conserved among arenaviruses. | the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) structural glycoproteins gp-1 (mr 44k) and gp-2 (mr 35k) are encoded on a single intracellular proteolytic cleavage precursor glycoprotein, gp-c (mr 76k). we have used a series of synthetic peptides derived from the deduced amino acid sequence of lcmv gp-c to define an antigenic site containing two topographically overlapping epitopes. three mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against two epitopes on gp-2 were assayed for binding in solution phase b ... | 1988 | 2452517 |
| the combination of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) and non-mhc genes influences murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus pathogenesis. | resistance to the acute lethal disease caused by the docile strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus varies widely between different mouse strains. in order to study the inheritance of host influence on susceptibility to this strain of lcm virus, we crossed the f1 to the parent with the recessive disease phenotype. in all cases, susceptibility was dominant. in backcross progeny obtained from matings of parental strains differing in both major histocompatibility complex (mhc) and non-mh ... | 1989 | 2499033 |
| virus-induced polyclonal cytotoxic t lymphocyte stimulation. | infections with a variety of viruses (lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcmv), murine cytomegalovirus, pichinde virus, vaccinia virus) stimulated c57bl/6 mice to generate allospecific ctl coincidental with the generation of virus-specific ctl. in c57bl/6 (h-2b) mice, lcmv-induced ctl with reactivity against cells from mice bearing gene products of the d, f, k, p, q, and s but not the b mhc loci. studies with congenic mouse strains indicated that the mhc loci coded for the target of the allospecific ... | 1989 | 2537363 |
| interferon enhances the susceptibility of virus-infected fibroblasts to cytotoxic t cells. | interferon (ifn) pretreatment of low-passage mouse embryonic fibroblasts (mef) infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus or vaccinia virus rendered these cells two to three times more susceptible to lysis by h-2 restricted, virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) than control, virus-infected mef. the increased sensitivity to lysis correlated with increased expression of surface h-2 antigens, but not viral antigens. continuous cell lines already highly sensitive to ctl-mediated lysis ... | 1985 | 2578543 |
| seroepidemiological survey of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in wild house mouse (mus musculus) in yokohama port, japan. | from 1985 to 1989, a total of 129 mice was captured from 7 piers of yokohama port. of these, 9 (7.0%) were positive to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) antigen in indirect fluorescence antibody test. six out of 31 mice (19.4%) in 1985 and 3 out of 23 mice (13.0%) captured in 1986 were positive. all the mice (74) captured in 1988 and 1989 were negative. although 7 out of 17 mice (41.2%) in osanbashi-shinko pier and 2 out of 23 (8.7%) in honmoku pier were positive in 1985 and 1986, all mi ... | 1991 | 1830792 |
| virus and trinitrophenol hapten-specific t-cell-mediated cytotoxicity against h-2 incompatible target cells. | immune spleen cells from lcm virus-infected (cba x c57bl/6)f1 radiation chimeras entirely repopulated with cba-t6 lymphocytes were cytotoxic for allogeneic, lcm virus infected c57bl/6 mouse-derived target cells. normal c57bl/6 targets were not lysed. cba-t6 lymphocytes derived from (cba x c57bl/6) radiation chimeras sensitized in vitro against tnp-conjugated c57bl/6 spleen cells lysed tnp-conjugated c57bl/6 targets. however normal c57bl/6 mouse-derived targets were not destroyed. the magnitude o ... | 1976 | 1082923 |
| an evaluation of the mouse antibody production test for detecting three murine viruses. | | 1971 | 4325691 |
| activation of spontaneous murine leukemia virus-related antigen by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. | persistent infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus activates a phenotypic expression of murine leukemia viruis-related antigen. nzb and (nzb x nzw)f(1) mice, which normally carry large amounts of gross virus, and c57bl/6 and nzw mice, which normally carry little virus, were infected with lcm virus. all had gross soluble antigen in their plasmas at 3 months of age, while noninfected matched controls of all strains did not. this effect was seen after infection with lcm virus that w ... | 1971 | 4330471 |
| the activation of il-2 transcription in l3t4+ and lyt-2+ lymphocytes during virus infection in vivo. | during infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv), activation and proliferation of nk cells occurs early, followed by the activation and proliferation of ctl. to investigate the role of endogenously produced growth factors in mediating proliferation of these effector cell types, the transcription of il-2 during infection was studied. we report that il-2 is transcribed in vivo by mouse spleen cells during infection with lcmv. the time course of transcription corresponds to c ... | 1989 | 2783708 |
| expression of cytoplasmic granules with t cell-associated serine proteinase-1 activity in ly-2+(cd8+) t lymphocytes responding to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in vivo. | monoclonal antibodies (mab) with specificity for the t cell-associated serine proteinase-1 of the mouse (mtsp-1) were used to study expression and storage of this enzyme in t lymphocytes during lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus infection in vivo. immunohistochemical analysis of splenic tissue at the peak of lcm virus-specific t cell-mediated cytolytic responses, i.e., at day 7 post infection, revealed high numbers of mtsp-1+ t lymphocytes in the interfollicular t cell-dependent area of th ... | 1989 | 2784104 |
| control of acute infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in mice that cannot present an immunodominant viral cytotoxic t lymphocyte epitope. | for controlling infection of the mouse with the lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus, cd8+ ctl are essential. in the infected balb/c mouse the arising lcm virus-specific ctl are exclusively restricted by the class i mhc-encoded molecule l; k- or d-restricted antiviral ctl cannot be detected. thus, the infected l-deficient balb/c mutant c-h-2dm2 should not be capable of eliminating the virus. the experimental evidence proves the contrary, which is explained by k- and d-restricted ctl that thi ... | 1992 | 1385522 |
| expression of pgp-1 (or ly24) by subpopulations of mouse thymocytes and activated peripheral t lymphocytes. | the expression of pgp-1 (ly24) by subpopulations of thymocytes was investigated and a subpopulation of lyt-2-/l3t4-/j11d- thymocytes was identified which contained significant numbers (80%) of pgp-1+ cells. among freshly isolated lymph node t cells but not cortisone-resistant thymocytes, pgp-1 expression was heterogeneous. stimulation of t lymphocytes with either concanavalin a or the combination of phorbol myristate acetate plus calcium ionophore resulted in increased pgp-1 expression which was ... | 1987 | 3102251 |
| clearance of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in antibody- and b-cell-deprived mice. | the role of antibody in immune recovery from infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) strain we was evaluated in b-cell-depleted mice. mice were treated from birth with either affinity-purified rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin m (igm), normal rabbit immunoglobulin, or, alternatively, an affinity-purified monoclonal rat anti-mouse igm antibody (lo-mm-9); untreated mice served as controls. b-cell depletion was considered complete in specifically treated mice according to the follow ... | 1988 | 3258641 |
| [on the spread of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus among mice in west germany. ii. studies of mice except mus musculus]. | | 1964 | 5831889 |
| [acute and chronic infection of mice, caused by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus isolated from mus musculus in moscow]. | infection of mice with strain no. 325 of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcm) isolated in moscow was of two types depending on the age of the animals at the time of inoculation. infection in adult mice terminated either in death or recovery with development of immunity. inoculation of suckling mice resulted in formation of chronic virus carrier state in most survivors. the indirect hemagglutination inhibition test was found to be very sensitive for detection of antibody in convalescent anima ... | 1976 | 936582 |
| the immune response of the mouse to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. i. circulating antibodies. | a search was made in lcm virus-immune mice for virus-specific antibodies. with the help of an l-cell plaque assay, neutralizing antibody was readily detected. there were no essential differences between mouse strains, but marked differences existed between virus strains. whereas the inoculation of either large or small doses of we strain virus led to the early production of considerable concentrations of neutralizing antibody, in the case of e-350 strain virus, high doses were required and a muc ... | 1979 | 541676 |
| lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection and house mouse (mus musculus) distribution in urban baltimore. | four hundred eighty house mice (mus musculus) were trapped primarily from urban sites in baltimore, maryland from 1984 to 1989 and tested for antibody to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv). the majority of mice (95%) were trapped in residences at two city locations (n = 260), or in an urban park (n = 196); five additional sites were sampled. overall, 9.0% of the mice were lcmv antibody positive and infected animals were obtained from six of eight sites, including all three of the primary ... | 1992 | 1636880 |
| lcm virus infection of cells in vitro. | most mammalian cells cultivated in vitro can be infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus. in addition to infectious virus, the cells produce antigenic material that fixes complement in the presence of antibody and is precipitated by antiserum. intracellular antigen can also be demonstrated by the immunofluorescence procedure. when infected cells are viewed with the electron microscope, viral structures are seen either budding from or in association with the cell membranes. immunoel ... | 1975 | 1085205 |
| serologic study on the prevalence of murine viruses in five canadian mouse colonies. | a serologic study was made of five canadian mouse colonies to determine the prevalence of antibodies to 11 murine viruses. a total of 139 sera from the five colonies were evaluated by complement fixation or hemagglutination inhibition methods. viral antibodies were present in all five colonies. antibodies to pneumonia virus of mice, minute virus of mice, theiler's encephalomyelitis virus, and reovirus type 3 were found in all five colonies. k-virus antibodies were present in four colonies. polyo ... | 1977 | 201796 |
| the structure of rodent faunas associated with arenaviral infections. | the biogeographical examination of rodent faunas associated with arenaviruses reveals two distinct patterns. lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus is associated primarily with a single murid species, mus musculus, although it is also known to cause laboratory infections in other species. on the other hand, the arenaviruses from the western hemisphere are associated exclusively with a large and diverse group of cricetid rodents. studies to date, although limited, have not demonstrated their as ... | 1975 | 182403 |
| lymphocytic choriomeningitis outbreak associated with nude mice in a research institute. | after an employee at a cancer research institute was diagnosed with lymphocytic choriomeningitis, an investigation was performed to determine the extent of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) infections among the institute's employees and to identify risk factors for infection. | 1992 | 1740856 |
| immune therapy of a persistent and disseminated viral infection. | the mechanism of viral clearance was studied by using the mouse model of chronic infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. distinct patterns of viral clearance and histopathology were observed in different organs after adoptive immune therapy of persistently infected (carrier) mice. clearance from the liver occurred within 30 days and was accompanied by extensive mononuclear cell infiltrates and necrosis of hepatocytes. infectious virus and viral antigen were eliminated concurrently. th ... | 1987 | 3682061 |
| mechanisms of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-induced hemopoietic dysfunction. | results of this study showed that lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection causes a marked activation of natural killer (nk) cells not only in the spleen but also in the bone marrow. this activity reached its peak at about day 3 of infection and declined after days 6 to 7. enhanced nk cell activity was found to correlate with decreased receptivity for syngeneic stem cells in bone marrow and spleen, with the notable exception that decreased receptivity persisted longer in bone marrow. treatme ... | 1986 | 3735489 |
| meningeal macrophages reflect lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus pathogenic phenotypes. | intracerebral (i.c.) infection of adult mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus can result in acute lethal central nervous system (cns) disease which is the result of the host's thymus-derived lymphocyte (t cell) response against the virus. whether the specific effector function of the t cell is that of a cytotoxic cell (tc) or a delayed-type hypersensitivity cell (td) is still under debate. we assumed that if td cells were important in pathogenesis then accessory cells in the brain ( ... | 1987 | 3629192 |
| lymphomas associated with a tolerant lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in mice. | on each of 2 occasions when a tolerant lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus infection was introduced experimentally by a natural route into breeding stock of the pirbright p(sd) mouse strain, and a comparison made with genetically identical controls, where was in successive generations an overall 15-fold increase in the incidence of lymphomas. most of these were recognized clinically after the age of 16 months. the same observation was made in mice of the p(h) strain from which the p(sd) str ... | 1980 | 7431820 |
| [experimental lymphocytic choriomeningitis of the mouse. pathologic, virologic and electric correlations (author's transl)]. | the brain electrographic activity of mouse experimental lcm has been systematically compared with the pathology and the virus growth in brain. there is an excellent correlation between anatomic lesions and brain electrographic activity which begins in slow waves followed with electric discharges attendant upon clinical paroxysms. the different records have been described and a physiopathological interpretation of these electroclinical paroxysms is proposed. | 1978 | 370740 |
| disease accompanying in utero viral infection. the role of maternal antibody in tissue injury after transplacental infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. | early, after in utero infection with lcm virus, swr/j and ha/icr mice developed manifestations of immune complex disease. observations based on nursing such mice with virus-infected, immune, or noninfected mouse mothers indicated that maternal antiviral antibody was responsible for the early immune complex glomerulonephritis. despite comparable viral persistance, in utero-infected offspring failed to develop glomerulonephritis when nursed by noninfected mouse mothers, but did when suckled by vir ... | 1972 | 4259667 |
| [activity of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in the endemic area of argentine hemorrhagic fever (ahf) ii. isolation from a field mus musculus captured in southeast cordoba]. | | 1974 | 4421612 |
| origin of lymphocytic-choriomeningitis-virus-bearing mice in japan. | mice found in the port areas in japan, where antibody to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) was detected, may have originated or partially originated from a southern asian subspecies, mus musculus castaneus. | 1994 | 7839750 |
| consequences of a single ir-gene defect for the pathogenesis of lymphocytic choriomeningitis. | the h-2ld allele has been identified by others as the sole ir gene in the h-2d haplotype for the cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response to mouse lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv). the balb/c-h-2dm2 (c-h-2dm2) mutant lacks h-2ld, and thus should be ideal for assessing the contribution of virus-immune ctl to lcm immunopathology. comparison of the c-h-2dm2 mice with congenic balb/c mice revealed that there is a delay of about 24 h in the onset of severe inflammatory process and symptoms in t ... | 1985 | 3874159 |
| lymphocytic choriomeningitis in the mouse. 3. comparative titrations of virus strains in inbred mice. | | 1969 | 4989712 |
| lytic and turbid plaque-type mutants of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus as a cause of neurological disease or persistent infection. | mouse-passaged lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus was found to contain a mixture of two different plaque-type mutants when plated on bhk-21/13s cells in agarose suspension. one mutant gave rise to clear plaques, with death of the cells, whereas the other produced turbid plaques which were sometimes very difficult to see. the clear-plaque variant caused a pronounced cytopathic effect on bhk-21 cells, but the turbid variant caused none; it also interfered with the cytopathic effect due to th ... | 1971 | 5154886 |
| class i gene regulation of haplotype preference may influence antiviral immunity in vivo. | the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv)-specific tc response in (c3 x d2) f1 hybrids (k x d) is markedly biased in favor of the h-2d haplotype. adoptive transfer experiments established that this haplotype preference also applied to t cell function in vivo. using different mouse strain combinations we were unable to detect an influence of sex, non-h-2 background, maternal genotype, or route of priming on the preference pattern. in other haplotype combinations tested (k and b, b and d) no d ... | 1989 | 2788515 |
| accumulation and chemotaxis of natural killer/large granular lymphocytes at sites of virus replication. | a model for monitoring the accumulation of natural killer cell/large granular lymphocytes (nk/lgl) at a site of virus replication was studied by using mice infected i.p. with either lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv), murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv), mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), pichinde virus, or vaccinia virus. an i.p. but not i.v. infection resulted in a localized increase in nk/lgl cell number (a fourfold to greater than 20-fold increase) and augmentation (a 10- to 20-fold increase) of ... | 1987 | 3027167 |
| correlation between natural and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against tumor targets in the mouse. i. distribution of the reactivity. | | 1979 | 281565 |
| induction of t cell serine proteinase 1 (tsp-1)-specific mrna in mouse t lymphocytes. | an oligonucleotide probe corresponding to nucleotides of a cdna encoding the t cell-associated proteinase 1 (tsp-1) was chosen to study the induction and expression of tsp-1-specific transcripts in mouse t lymphocytes and tissues. we demonstrate that tsp-1 mrna is only expressed in activated t lymphocytes and is absent from all mouse tissues tested including those containing resting mature t lymphocytes. expression of the tsp-1 gene was observed in t lymphocytes in vitro in response to either ph ... | 1988 | 3260181 |
| a serologic survey for viruses and mycoplasma pulmonis among wild house mice (mus domesticus) in southeastern australia. | plasma samples from 267 wild house mice (mus domesticus) trapped at 14 sites in southeastern australia were screened for antibody to 14 viruses normally associated with laboratory-reared rodents and to mycoplasma pulmonis. serologic prevalence was high for murine cytomegalovirus (99%, n = 94), murine coronavirus (95%), and murine rotavirus (74%). samples from mice collected at all sites contained antibody to these viruses. the serologic prevalence was lower for mouse adenovirus, strain k87 (37%) ... | 1993 | 8487371 |
| expression of asialo gm1 and other antigens and glycolipids on natural killer cells and spleen leukocytes in virus-infected mice. | the sensitivities of mouse natural killer (nk) cells to various antisera and complement were analyzed at different time points after acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. under these conditions nk cell activity peaks 3 days and virus-specific cytotoxic t cell activity 7 days after infection. the sensitivity of the cytotoxic activities to antibodies to asialo gm1 (agm1), nk 1.2 alloantigen, and ly 5 was in the order endogenous nk greater than day 3 nk greater than day 7 nk. day 7 cy ... | 1985 | 3875791 |
| seroepidemiological survey of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in wild house mice in china with particular reference to their subspecies. | serum samples from 337 wild house mice (mus musculus) from 35 sites in china, collected in 1992 and 1993, were examined for antibodies against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv). ten samples from eight sites were found to contain such antibodies. six of the eight positive sites were located in the territory of m. m. gansuensis. one of the other two sites was located in the territory of m. m. castaneus in southern china and the other site was in a habitat of m. m. castaneus which had invad ... | 1996 | 8709868 |
| effects of persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection on cholinergic neurons in the mouse. | we have examined the effects of persistent infection with the armstrong e350 strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) on choline acetyltransferase activity in several regions of balb/c mouse brain. despite the presence of high titres of virus in brain for as long as 6 months, and a widespread distribution of virus antigen, no decreases in choline acetyltransferase activity could be demonstrated. the enzyme activity was increased in some regions of brain, showing an effect of the persi ... | 1988 | 3374738 |
| different tc response profiles are associated with survival in the murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. | the pathogenicity of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) inoculated intracerebrally (i.c.) varies with virus strain and dose as well as with the mouse strain used as host. recently, results have indicated that susceptibility to lethal disease correlates directly the ability of the host to produce early and high virus-specific tc activity. however, in the present studies we demonstrate that even though this holds true in many mouse/virus combinations, it does not apply in others. thus, in c ... | 1987 | 3496657 |
| virus elimination in acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. correlation with virus-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity rather than cytotoxicity. | the immunological effector mechanism responsible for the elimination of virus in murine acute non-fatal extracranial lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection was studied. in this infection virus clearance is generally regarded as the result of a direct action of virus-specific cytotoxic t cells (tc cells) on virus-producing target cells in the infected mouse. however, by manipulating the antiviral immune response by pretreatment with various doses of cyclophosphamide, we found lack of correl ... | 1983 | 6603010 |
| lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-induced immunosuppression: evidence for viral interference with t-cell maturation. | acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) infection is associated with general immunosuppression which develops during the second week of the infection and persists for several weeks. in the present study, the ability of lcmv-infected mice to mount a cytotoxic t-lymphocyte response was investigated in a transplantation assay, using lcmv-immunized mice as recipients. by this means it was possible to evaluate the t-cell responsiveness of the acutely infected mice separately. our results reve ... | 1982 | 6982233 |
| [rapid method of detecting the viral carrier state in lymphocytic choriomeningitis in naturally infected house mice]. | a method for rapid detection of virus carrier state in natural infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis in house mice (mus musculus) has been developed. the method consists in virus antigen detection in the brain, spleen, and feces of mice by the indirect hemagglutination test with immunoglobulin erythrocyte diagnostic agents. | 1982 | 7072232 |
| nk cell response to viral infections in beta 2-microglobulin-deficient mice. | because class i mhc ags have been implicated as modulators of target cell sensitivity to nk cell-mediated lysis, the regulation of virus infections and the fate of nk cells and their natural targets was examined in beta 2-microglobulin-deficient mice, which have defective class i mhc expression. infections with either the nk cell-sensitive murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) or the nk cell-resistant lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) significantly augmented nk cell activity in either c57bl/6 (+ ... | 1995 | 7529286 |
| [virus-induced immune deficiency disease aids: direct pathogenic effect of the virus or immunopathology?]. | cytotoxic effectors-cd8+ t cells protect hosts against cytopathic viruses. cd8+ t cell mediated lysis of host cells infected with non-cytopathic viruses may lead to tissue disease causing damage as is the case in hepatitis b virus infections in men or lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) infections in mice. in a mouse model it was demonstrated that virus induced immunodeficiency by lcmv was not caused by the virus directly but rather by immunopathological consequences of anti-lcmv cd8+ t ce ... | 1994 | 7533980 |
| immunological control of murine gammaherpesvirus infection is independent of perforin. | perforin-mediated cytotoxic t cell killing has been suggested to be of importance in the control of noncytopathic virus infections, based on studies with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv). we examined the role of perforin in a mouse model of gammaherpesvirus infection using transgenic perforin-deficient mice. previous work from this laboratory has shown that cd8 t cells are essential for the resolution of the acute lung infection and control of latently infected b cells in murine gamma-h ... | 1997 | 9267003 |
| persistent infection of the mouse with the virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis. | | 1972 | 4616970 |
| involvement of cd4+ cells in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-induced autoimmune anaemia and hypergammaglobulinaemia. | development of pathology varies widely between different strains of mice after intracerebral inoculation with the so-called 'docile' isolate of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus. the c3heb/fej and b10. br/sgsnj mouse strains have been of special interest because they display autoimmune haemolytic anaemia with varying degrees of apparent immunological involvement. in this report, we examined the role of cd4+ t helper cells in this autoimmune response by treating mice with the cd4-specific ... | 1994 | 7840852 |
| a transgenic mouse model to assess the interaction of cytotoxic t lymphocytes with virally infected, class i mhc-expressing astrocytes. | astrocytes provide crucial support for neurons and their impairment by viruses or their interactions with anti-viral or autoimmune responses could contribute to neurological disease. we have developed a transgenic mouse model to assess lymphocyte-astrocyte interactions. the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecule, db, was expressed in astrocytes under the transcriptional control of regulatory sequences from the glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) gene. baseline cerebral mhc cl ... | 1994 | 8207120 |
| [spread of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus among west german mice. i. investigations mostly on domestic mice (mus musculus)]. | | 1964 | 5831628 |
| the immune response of the mouse to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. iv. enumeration of antibody-producing cells in spleens during acute and persistent infection. | the solid-phase immunoenzymatic technique for the enumeration of single rat cells producing antibodies against ovalbumin has been adapted to mouse cells producing antibodies against lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus. after intravenous (i.v.) infection with 10(3) infectious units, igm- and igg-producing cells appeared on days 4 and 5, respectively. they rose to high numbers on days 7, 8, and 9 and were still detectable on day 38. after a second i.v. inoculation of 10(7) infectious units, a ... | 1984 | 6092472 |
| t-cell responsiveness to lcmv segregates as a single locus in crosses between balb/ca and c.b-17 mice. evidence for regulation by a gene outside the igh region. | the course of systemic infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) was studied in balb/ca and c.b-17 mouse strains differing in the immunoglobulin heavy chain region (igh). susceptibility to intracerebral infection and the ability to clear the virus differed significantly between these presumably congenic strains, suggesting that a gene in the igh region might influence the course of this infection. a difference in virus spread prior to appearance of the immune response could not ex ... | 1993 | 8356397 |
| murine hepatitis caused by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. ii. cells involved in pathogenesis. | human virus hepatitides are often assumed to result from pathogenic immune responses rather than from direct viral cytopathic effects, but the details are largely unknown. hepatitis of the mouse undergoing infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus is an immunopathologic phenomenon, and its analysis may help us to understand some of the events leading to the human illnesses. | 1995 | 7745950 |
| interferon-induced disease in mice and rats. | treatment of newborn mice with potent mouse interferon preparations resulted in an acute "early" syndrome characterized by inhibition of growth, delay in maturation of several organs, diffuse liver cell necrosis and death. when interferon treatment was discontinued at 1 week of life, mice appeared to recover, but subsequently developed a progressive glomerulonephritis ("late syndrome"). treatment of newborn rats with potent rat interferon preparations also resulted in inhibition of growth, delay ... | 1980 | 6165266 |
| virus-lymphocyte interactions. iv. molecular characterization of lcmv armstrong (ctl+) small genomic segment and that of its variant, clone 13 (ctl-). | immunocompetent adult mice mount a vigorous cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response against the armstrong (arm) 53b strain of lcmv after primary inoculation. in contrast, the clone 13 variant of arm 53b, originally isolated from the spleen of a persistently infected mouse, suppresses lcmv-specific ctl responses (r. ahmed et al. (1984) j. exp med 60, 521). the induction and generation of ctl maps to the short (s) rna segment and not the long (l) rna segment of lcmv (y. riviere et al. (1986) j. immu ... | 1988 | 3259346 |
| mechanism of recovery from acute virus infection. vi. replication of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in and clearance from the foot of the mouse. | the hind foot was chosen for study of the mechanism by which adult mice clear lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus. the t cell-mediated swelling that follows the local inoculation of virus allows parallel investigation of the infectious process and delayed-type hypersensitivity in one organ. a dose of 10(5) mouse infectious units (iu) was optimal, and in all mouse strains tested foot swelling commenced 6 days after injection, with maximal response on days 7 and 8. when mice were sensitized b ... | 1988 | 3261324 |
| analysis of persistent virus infections by in situ hybridization to whole-mouse sections. | nucleic acid hybridization techniques have contributed significantly to the understanding of gene organization, regulation and expression. in the context of persistent or latent viral infections, hybridization with specific labelled probes represents the most sensitive assay presently available for detection of viral genomes. during the course of persistence, viral genomes may exist in multiple and yet quite segregated areas in an infected host, but examination of all tissues remains difficult a ... | 1984 | 6504163 |
| virus-induced immune complex disease: genetic control of c1q binding complexes in the circulation of mice persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. | virus-antibody immune complex formation, deposition, and disease is a common manifestation in most mice persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv). although mice of several strains persistently infected with lcmv mount continuous anti-lcmv immune responses to the three virion structural polypeptides, the amount of antibody(s) made varies among strains. the formation of antibody to lcmv correlates with the detection of c1q binding materials (immune complexes) in the circ ... | 1983 | 6217255 |
| t-lymphocyte downregulation after acute viral infection is not dependent on cd95 (fas) receptor-ligand interactions. | infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) causes a major expansion of cd8+ t cells followed by a period of immune downregulation that coincides with the induction of lymphocyte apoptosis in the mouse spleen. cd95 (fas) and its ligand are important for regulating peripheral t-lymphocyte numbers and can mediate apoptosis of mature t lymphocytes. we infected cd95- and cd95l-deficient mice (lpr and gld, respectively) with lcmv to determine if the immune downregulation that occ ... | 1996 | 8892953 |
| severity of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus disease in different strains of suckling mice correlates with increasing amounts of endogenous interferon. | a marked difference was observed in the severity of disease in lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus-infected suckling balb/c, swiss, and c3h mice. balb/c mice had minimal liver lesions and none died, whereas c3h mice had extensive liver lesions and all mice died. an intermediate pattern was oberved for swiss mice (36% mortality). although there was no difference in the titers of lcm virus in the plasma or liver between these three strains of mice, there was a marked difference in the amount ... | 1980 | 6157772 |
| [epidemiological studies on lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in japan]. | human case of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) infection was not confirmed virologically or serologically in japan. existence of the virus in experimental animals was reported in japan shortly after first isolation of lcmv in u.s.a. in japan, antibodies against lcmv and the virus were revealed in international sea ports. using gene analysis, we found lcmv bearing mice would invade into japan from south asian countries where mus musclus castaneus habitats. the antibodies against lcmv wer ... | 1997 | 9103889 |
| multifocal defects in immune responses in relb-deficient mice. | mice with a targeted disruption of the rel/nuclear factor-kappab family member relb develop a complex inflammatory phenotype, myeloid hyperplasia, and splenomegaly due to extramedullary hemopoiesis. in this work, we report that relb-deficient mice, in addition to the pathologic changes, were highly susceptible to infection by the facultative intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes. relb binds transcriptionally active kappab motifs in the tnf-alpha promoter in normal cells, and in vitro st ... | 1997 | 9164938 |
| altered peptide ligands trigger perforin- rather than fas-dependent cell lysis. | ctls lyse fas-expressing target cells by the concomitant action of a perforin- and a fas-dependent mechanism. this study analyzed whether target cells pulsed with t cell antagonists and other altered peptide ligands (apls) were susceptible selectively to only one of these two mechanisms. in vivo and in vitro activated t cells from transgenic mice expressing a tcr specific for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus were used as effector cells. to distinguish between perforin- and fas-dependent cytoto ... | 1997 | 9379009 |
| two ring finger proteins, the oncoprotein pml and the arenavirus z protein, colocalize with the nuclear fraction of the ribosomal p proteins. | the promyelocytic leukemia (pml) protein forms nuclear bodies which are relocated to the cytoplasm by the rna virus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv). the viral z protein directly binds to pml and can relocate the nuclear bodies. others have observed that lcmv virions may contain ribosomes; hence, we investigated the effects of infection on the distribution of ribosomal p proteins (p0, p1, and p2) with pml as a reference point. we demonstrate an association of pml bodies with p proteins ... | 1998 | 9557665 |
| induction and exhaustion of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes visualized using soluble tetrameric major histocompatibility complex class i-peptide complexes. | this study describes the construction of soluble major histocompatibility complexes consisting of the mouse class i molecule, h-2db, chemically biotinylated beta2 microglobulin and a peptide epitope derived from the glycoprotein (gp; amino acids 33-41) of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv). tetrameric class i complexes, which were produced by mixing the class i complexes with phycoerythrin-labeled neutravidin, permitted direct analysis of virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) by f ... | 1998 | 9565631 |
| how virus induces a rapid or slow onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in a transgenic model. | we developed two distinct transgenic mouse models in which virus induced insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus (iddm). in one of these lines, the unique viral transgene was expressed in the islets of langerhans and also in the thymus, but in the other line, expression was only in the islets. insertion and expression of the viral (self) gene, per se, did not lead to iddm, (incidence < 5%). by contrast, induction of an anti-self (anti-viral) cd8+ ctl response to the same virus later in life ... | 1994 | 7889411 |
| association of ld-restricted peptides with the wild-derived mouse lw16 mhc class i molecule. | previous serological analysis of untreated splenocytes and l cell transfectants expressing the wild-derived mouse major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecule, lw16, demonstrated the presence of two forms of this molecule in the cell lysates, one reactive with both the alpha 2 domain-reactive monoclonal antibody (mab) 30-5-7 and the alpha 3 domain-reactive mab 28-14-8 (30-5-7+ 28-14-8+), and the other reactive with only the latter of the two (30-5-7- 28-14-8+). furthermore, the analys ... | 1994 | 8065377 |
| analysis of neutralizing antibody specificities of different strains of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus with strain-specific immune sera. | the present study was aimed at comparing specificities and cross-reactivities of immune mouse sera obtained from mice infected with a low (2 x 10(2) or 20 immunological infectious focus units (ifu) or high (2 x 10(6) ifu) dose of various strains of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv). neutralization titres of the various antisera were determined by an infectious focus reduction assay. this assay was performed on mc57g and on vero e6 cells using the commonly utilized laboratory strains of l ... | 1993 | 8140290 |
| evaluation of the galalpha1-3gal epitope as a host modification factor eliciting natural humoral immunity to enveloped viruses. | human sera contain high levels of natural antibody (ab) to galalpha1-3gal, a terminal glycosidic structure expressed on the surface of cells of mammals other than old world primates. incorporation of this determinant onto retroviral membranes by passage of viruses in cells encoding alpha-1-3-galactosyltransferase (gt) renders retroviruses sensitive to lysis by natural ab and complement in normal human serum (nhs). plasma membrane-budding viruses representing four additional virus groups were exa ... | 1998 | 9573228 |
| peptide-induced t-cell tolerance to prevent autoimmune diabetes in a transgenic mouse model. | a synthetic peptide corresponding to an immunodominant epitope of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoprotein (lcmv gp) was used to prime or to tolerize cd8+ t cells in vivo, dependent on mode of immunization. peptide-specific tolerance was then examined in transgenic mice expressing lcmv gp in the beta islet cells of the pancreas; these mice develop cd8+ t-cell-mediated diabetes within 8-14 days after lcmv infection. specific peptide-induced tolerance prevented autoimmune destruction of bet ... | 1994 | 8290546 |
| virus-activated cd8 t cells and lymphokine-activated nk cells express the mast cell function-associated antigen, an inhibitory c-type lectin. | the mast cell function-associated ag (mafa) is an inhibitory c-type lectin that was originally identified on the cell surface of a rat mucosal mast cell line, rbl-2h3. we have cloned the mouse homologue of the rat mafa gene, and northern blot analysis revealed that mouse mafa (mmafa) gene expression was strongly induced in effector cd8 t cells and lymphokine-activated nk cells but not in effector cd4 t cells and in mouse mast cells. moreover, mmafa gene expression was only found in effector cd8 ... | 1998 | 9862665 |
| serological evidence of murine pathogens in wild grey squirrels (sciurus carolinensis) in north wales. | wild grey squirrels in north wales were examined for their serological response to a range of laboratory mouse pathogens. nineteen squirrels were tested against 14 organisms and a high seroprevalence was found to several, including murine cytomegalovirus, mouse adenovirus, reovirus 3, rotavirus and sendai virus. four of the squirrels were seropositive for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, a zoonotic pathogen. none of the infections has previously been reported in squirrels. | 2002 | 12019534 |
| modulation of the cellular immune response to intracerebral lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) infection in mice. | certain viruses do not kill the cells they infect. the immunological response of the host in such situations may be involved in the development of pathologic changes and clinical illness. pioneering work by rowe has shown that death associated with acute lcmv infection in the mouse is resulted from the immune response. many investigators using a variety of techniques including neonatal thymectomy, irradiation, or treatment of adult mice with antilymphoid drugs or antithymocyte sera have confirme ... | 1998 | 9873940 |
| antibody prevents the establishment of persistent arenavirus infection in synergy with endogenous t cells. | a cardinal feature of the biology of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) is its ability to establish persistent infections in mice. persistence is usually established by infection of the mouse during the in utero or neonatal period. susceptibility can be extended to the adult by treatment with immunosuppressive agents or by infection with immunosuppressive strains of lcmv. in this study we investigated the capacity of passively acquired anti-lcmv antibodies to prevent the establishment of ... | 1997 | 8985412 |
| elevated generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species in hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. | hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) is a life-threatening respiratory disease characterized by profound pulmonary edema and myocardial depression. most cases of hcps in north america are caused by sin nombre virus (snv), which is carried asymptomatically by deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus). the underlying pathophysiology of hcps is poorly understood. we hypothesized that pathogenic snv infection results in increased generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (rons), which contribute ... | 2002 | 12134039 |
| selective activation of cd8 t cell effector functions by epitope variants of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoprotein. | we provide evidence for selective activation of different effector functions of cd8+ t lymphocytes by altered peptide ligands. a t cell epitope from the glycoprotein of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (p33-41) and single amino acid variants thereof were used for primary in vitro induction of ctl clones. when the ctl were analyzed for cytotoxicity, proliferation, ifn-gamma production, and ca2+ mobilization, we found that some of the clones showed activation of only their cytotoxic effector fun ... | 1996 | 8805633 |
| function and regulation of natural killer (nk) cells during viral infections: characterization of responses in vivo | although in vitro systems have provided important information about the composition and nature of various immune responses, understanding physiologically relevant function and regulation requires evaluating in vivo conditions. two different models of acute viral infections have made possible the characterization of a variety of responses to these agents, including natural killer (nk) cell activation and regulation during infection; these are mouse infections with lymphocytic choriomeningitis vir ... | 1996 | 8812691 |
| oral insulin treatment suppresses virus-induced antigen-specific destruction of beta cells and prevents autoimmune diabetes in transgenic mice. | oral administration of self-antigens has been proposed as a therapy to prevent and treat autoimmune diseases. here we report that oral treatment with insulin prevents virus-induced insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm) in a transgenic (tg) mouse model. such mice express the viral nucleoprotein (np) of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) under control of the rat insulin promoter in their pancreatic beta cells and < 2% spontaneously develop diabetes. however, 2 mo after challenge with l ... | 1996 | 8823297 |
| two epizootics of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus occurring in laboratory mice despite intensive monitoring programs. | two epizootics of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in mice occurred within two months in one research facility consisting of several widely separated rooms. these outbreaks developed despite intensive institutional monitoring policies designed to prevent introduction and spread of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. evidence derived from serological and virological assays and interviews with the concerned investigators suggested that a single transplantable tumor carried in mice may have been ... | 1984 | 6478303 |
| generalized immunosuppression: how viruses undermine the immune response. | following infection, a virus must battle against the host's immune response. viruses have developed many ways to escape immune surveillance and downregulate the host's immune response. some viruses cause a generalized immunosuppression, thereby inhibiting or depressing the immune response towards themselves as well as towards unrelated pathogens. this review will focus on the mechanisms involved in the three main human viral infections causing immunosuppression: measles, human immunodeficiency v ... | 2000 | 11078019 |
| interleukin-4 acts at the locus of the antigen-presenting dendritic cell to counter-regulate cytotoxic cd8+ t-cell responses. | the mechanism underlying suppression of immune responses by interleukin-4 (il-4) has remained unexplained. here we show that the antigen-presenting dendritic cell is central to counter-regulation of autoimmune disease by il-4. il-4 acts at the locus of the dendritic cell to decrease the cytolytic t-cell response, preventing autoimmunity. stimulation of cytotoxic precursors by antigen pulsed dendritic cells induces their differentiation but the process is blocked by il-4. il-4-influenced dc produ ... | 2001 | 11175852 |
| disruption of differentiated functions during viral infection in vivo. v. mapping of a locus involved in susceptibility of mice to growth hormone deficiency due to persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. | lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) armstrong strain selectively and persistently infects the majority of growth hormone (gh) producing cells in the anterior lobe of pituitary glands of c3h/st mice but negligibly infects gh producing cells of balb/wehi mice (oldstone et al., virology 142, 175--182, 1985; oldstone et al., science 218, 1125--1127, 1982). although infected gh cells remain free of structural damage, disrupted initiation of gh transcription (klavinskis and oldstone, j. gen. vir ... | 2001 | 11222096 |
| in vivo selection of a lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus variant that affects recognition of the gp33-43 epitope by h-2db but not h-2kb. | cd8 t cells drive the protective immune response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) infection and are thus a determining force in the selection of viral variants. to examine how escape mutations affect the presentation and recognition of overlapping t-cell epitopes, we isolated an lcmv variant that is not recognized by t-cell receptor (tcr)-transgenic h-2db-restricted lcmv gp33-41-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl). the variant virus carried a single-amino-acid substitution (valine ... | 2001 | 11333891 |
| 4-1bb ligand induces cell division, sustains survival, and enhances effector function of cd4 and cd8 t cells with similar efficacy. | a costimulatory member of the tnfr family, 4-1bb, is expressed on activated t cells. although some reports have suggested that 4-1bb is primarily involved in cd8 t cell activation, in this report we demonstrate that both cd4 and cd8 t cells respond to 4-1bb ligand (4-1bbl) with similar efficacy. cd4 and cd8 tcr transgenic t cells up-regulate 4-1bb, ox40, and cd27 and respond to 4-1bbl-mediated costimulation during a primary response to peptide ag. 4-1bbl enhanced proliferation, cytokine producti ... | 2001 | 11466348 |