| experimental transmission of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus by west african wild ground-feeding birds to hyalomma marginatum rufipes ticks. | hyalomma (h.) marginatum rufipes ticks commonly infest birds and are potential vectors of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus in west africa. an experimental model for investigating the role of birds in the cchf virus transmission cycle was developed. following cchf virus inoculation, antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in one red-beaked hornbill and one glossy starling, but not in two laughing doves and six domestic chickens. none of the birds showed a detecta ... | 1994 | 8024058 |
| [the isolation of dhori viruses (orthomyxoviridae, thogotovirus) and crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (bunyaviridae, nairovirus) from the hare (lepus europaeus) and its ticks hyalomma marginatum in the middle zone of the volga delta, astrakhan region, 2001]. | in august, 2001, in the middle zone of the delta of the volga river, the astrakhan region, during investigation of the natural foci of west nile fever and crimean--congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf), the material from the hare (lepus europaeus, pallas, 1778 (lagomorpha, leporidae) and collected from it the ticks hyalomna marginatum koch 1844, was obtained. 4 strains of dhori virus (orthomyxoviridae, thogotovirus) and 2 strains of cchf virus (bunyaviridae, nairovirus) were isolated. this is the first ... | 2002 | 12271723 |
| sero-epidemiological survey of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in tunisia. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a tick-borne disease associated with a high case fatality rate and transmitted mainly by hyalomma marginatum. the geographical distribution of h. marginatum covers most of the western mediterranean basin. we aimed to investigate whether cchf virus (cchfv) is circulating in tunisia. samples from unexplained acute febrile patients (n = 181) and a high risk group of humans, mainly slaughter workers (n = 38), were collected in the summer of 2014 and analyzed ... | 2016 | 26956221 |
| genetic variability of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus in russia and central asia. | hyalomma marginatum ticks (449 pools, 4787 ticks in total) collected in european russia and dermacentor niveus ticks (100 pools, 1100 ticks in total) collected in kazakhstan were screened by elisa for the presence of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv). virus antigen was found in 10.2 and 3.0 % of the pools, respectively. rt-pcr was used to recover partial sequences of the cchfv small (s) genome segment from seven pools of antigen-positive h. marginatum ticks, one pool of d. niveus ti ... | 2003 | 12692285 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus clades v and vi (europe 1 and 2) in ticks in kosovo, 2012. | despite being a small country, kosovo represents one of the few foci of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) in europe. the distribution of kosovar tick vectors and the evolution of cchf virus in ticks are both as yet unknown. a better description of the extent and the genetic diversity of cchfv in ticks from endemic settings is essential, in order to be controlled. we investigated the 2012 distribution of kosovar ticks alongside the prevalence and the phylogeography of tick-derived cchfv. hya ... | 2014 | 25255381 |
| genetic analysis of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in russia. | genetic analysis of wild-type crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus strains recovered in the european part of russia was performed. reverse transcriptase pcr followed by direct sequencing was used to recover partial sequences of the cchf virus medium (m) genome segment (m segment) from four pools of hyalomma marginatum ticks and six human patients. phylogenetic analysis of the m-segment sequences from russian strains revealed a close relatedness of the strains (nucleotide sequence diversi ... | 2003 | 12574301 |
| [characteristics of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus circulating in russia and central asia]. | five antigen-positive samples isolated from patients with crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) and from hyalomma marginatum ticks collected in the european part of russia and three laboratory strains of cchf isolated in russia, uzbekistan, and tadjikistan were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and sequencing. comparison of nucleotide sequences of fragments of cchf virus genome s segment and phylogenetic analysis of russian strains showed that all cchf strains ... | 2002 | 12173427 |
| [experimental transmission of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus: role of 3 vector species in the maintenance and transmission cycles in senegal]. | in this article, we published the role of three species of ticks amblyomma variegatum (fabricius, 1974), hyalomma marginatum rufipes (koch, 1844) and hyalomma truncatum (koch, 1844) in the maintenance and transmission of the cchf virus. the imagos of these species were infected by intracoelomic route. vertical transmission (transtasial and transovarial) and horizontal transmission for different stases were studied by isolation on newborn mice, polymerase chain reaction, indirect immunofluorescen ... | 1999 | 10229934 |
| crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus infection in birds: field investigations in senegal. | in senegal, wild ground-feeding birds are frequently infested with immature ticks. in two areas where numerous crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus isolations were obtained from hyalomma marginatum rufipes adult ticks collected on ungulates, 175 birds were captured and sera collected. cchf antibodies were detected by elisa in 6/22 red-beaked hornbills (tockus erythrorhynchus), 2/11 glossy starlings (lamprotornis sp.) and 1/3 guinea fowls. the virus was isolated from h. m. rufipes nymphs ... | 1994 | 8059064 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in south africa. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus was isolated for the first time in south africa in february 1981, from the blood of a 13-year-old boy who died in johannesburg after attending a camp in a nature reserve in the western transvaal. virus was isolated from 21/120 pools of questing ticks from the nature reserve, the infected species being hyalomma marginatum rufipes and h. truncatum. virus was also isolated from 4/38 pools of partially engorged ticks and other ectoparasites collected off hosts, ... | 1983 | 6418019 |
| experimental studies on the replication and transmission of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in some african tick species. | seven african tick species were studied as potential vectors of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus. engorged nymphae of 4 ixodid species, hyalomma marginatum rufipes, h. truncatum, rhipicephalus evertsi mimeticus, and amblyomma hebraeum, were inoculated intracoelomically with cchf virus and assayed for virus content at varying times post-inoculation. the virus replicated in all 4 species, reaching maximum titers of 4.6-5.5(10) fluorescence focus units per ml on days 5-9 post-inoculatio ... | 1989 | 2494900 |
| first report of adult hyalomma marginatum rufipes (vector of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus) on cattle under a continental climate in hungary. | south hungary is being monitored for the northward spreading of thermophilic ixodid species, therefore ticks were collected from cattle and wild ruminants (red, fallow and roe deer) in the autumn of 2011. | 2012 | 22889105 |
| vectors of crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus in iran. | ticks are important vectors and reservoirs of crimean congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus. human beings may be infected whenever the normal life cycle of the infected ticks on non-human vertebrate hosts is interrupted by the undesirable presence of humans in the cycle. a total of 26 species of argasid and ixodid ticks have been recorded in iran; including nine hyalomma, two rhipicephalus, two dermacentor, five haemaphysalis, two boophilus, one ixodes and two argas as well as three ornithodoros ... | 2015 | 26623426 |
| Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in various ixodid tick species from a highly endemic area. | Ticks are major vectors of numerous diseases affecting animals and humans. Presence of various tick-borne pathogens such as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in various tick species was documented. CCHF is a severe tick-borne illness caused by the CCHFV which is a member of the Nairovirus genus (family: Bunyaviridae). Presence of CCHFV was shown in the most prevalent ixodid tick species such as Hyalomma marginatum and Rhiphicephalus bursa in Turkey. In the present study, prevalence a ... | 2011 | 22119389 |
| Impact of climate change on risk of incursion of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in livestock in Europe through migratory birds. | Aims: To predict the risk of incursion of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in livestock in Europe introduced through immature Hyalomma marginatum ticks on migratory birds under current conditions and in the decade 2075-2084 under a climate-change scenario. Methods and Results: A spatial risk map of Europe comprising 14 282 grid cells (25 × 25 km) was constructed using three data sources: (i) ranges and abundances of four species of bird which migrate from sub-Saharan Africa to Eu ... | 2011 | 22118269 |
| Species distribution and detection of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) in field-collected ticks in Ankara Province, Central Anatolia, Turkey. | Ticks may act as vectors for a number of infectious diseases including Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF). The causative agent is Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV), a member of Bunyaviridae, causing extensive ecchymosis, visceral bleeding and hepatic dysfunction with a high fatality rate in the affected individuals. CCHF was initially recognized in Turkey in 2002 and the current number of reported cases exceeds 4,400. This study was conducted to confirm the presence of tick speci ... | 2012 | 21910017 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks collected from humans, livestock, and picnic sites in the hyperendemic region of turkey. | abstract during june and july 2007, about 3125 adult ticks were collected from humans, animals, and vegetation in a hyperendemic region (sivas and tokat) of turkey. a total of 2193 ticks were pooled in 225 pools and screened for the crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) presence by antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. infection rates were calculated as the maximum likelihood estimation with 95% confidence intervals (ci). the dominant tick species was found to be hyalomma ma ... | 2011 | 21736490 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever: a molecular survey on hard ticks (ixodidae) in yazd province, iran. | to determine the rate of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) infection in hard ticks (ixodidae) in yazd province of iran. | 2011 | 21771418 |
| species diversity of ixodid ticks feeding on humans in amasya, turkey: seasonal abundance and presence of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus. | ticks (acari:ixodidae) are important pests transmitting tick-borne diseases such as crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) to humans. between 2002 and 2009, numerous cchf cases were reported in turkey, including amasya province. in the current study, species diversity, seasonal abundance of ticks, and presence of cchf virus (cchfv) in ticks infesting humans in several districts of amasya province were determined. in the survey, a total of 2,528 ixodid ticks were collected from humans with tick b ... | 2011 | 21337953 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in european part of turkey: genetic analysis of the virus strains from ticks and a seroepidemiological study in humans. | abstract a survey of ticks from domestic ruminants, together with a serosurvey in humans was conducted in thrace (northwestern turkey) to evaluate the prevalence of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) in ticks and humans. more prevalent ticks were hyalomma marginatum, hyalomma aegyptium, rhipicephalus bursa, and rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus, with low numbers of dermacentor marginatus, rhipicephalus sanguineus group, and ixodes ricinus. no differences in the tick faunal compositi ... | 2010 | 21028961 |
| ixodid ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting humans in tokat province of turkey: species diversity and seasonal activity. | ixodid ticks (acari: ixodidae) are the major vectors of pathogens threatening animal and human health. tokat province, turkey, is a suitable habitat for extended tick activity with its moderate climate and vegetation. in the present study, we surveyed humans visiting health centers to determine the species diversity, geographical distribution, and seasonal activity of ixodid ticks infesting them. out of 5,999 adult ticks collected from humans from april to september, 2008, 800 ticks were identif ... | 2010 | 20618665 |
| towards an understanding of the migration of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus. | crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a lethal disease caused by crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv). it is one of the most widespread medically significant tick-borne pathogens, with a distribution that coincides well with the geographical occurrence of its tick vector, hyalomma marginatum marginatum. sporadic outbreaks of cchf have previously been recognized in asia, africa, the middle east and europe but, in the 21st century, outbreaks have become more frequent in former yugosl ... | 2010 | 19812264 |
| genetic analysis of the m rna segment of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus strains in turkey. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus is member of the genus nairovirus of the family bunyaviridae. all members of the family bunyaviridae are enveloped viruses containing tripartite, negative polarity, single-stranded rna. cchf is characterized by high case mortality, occurring in asia, africa, the middle east and europe. during recent years, outbreaks have been reported in turkey. however, little information is available on the genetic diversity of cchf virus in turkey. in this study, a ... | 2008 | 17955162 |
| detection of a questing hyalomma marginatum marginatum adult female (acari, ixodidae) in southern germany. | the first finding of a questing hyalomma marginatum marginatum female tick in germany is described. the tick was found in may 2006 on the clothing of a person who had spent the preceding day in rural surroundings in southern germany. as the infested person had also been visiting spain where h. m. marginatum is known to occur some weeks prior to finding the tick, it is not clear whether the tick had been imported by him as a female or by another host in a preimaginal stage and succeeded to develo ... | 2007 | 17952610 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus: genetic analysis and tick survey in turkey. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) is a tick-borne virus in the family bunyaviridae, genus nairovirus. the virus is transmitted to humans through infected tick bites or from direct contact with viremic animals or humans. in the present study, a total of 1,015 adult ticks were collected from cattle (603 specimens), sheep (17 specimens), and goats (395 specimens) in the kelkit valley in turkey. four tick species were recognized on the animals in the surveyed region. the most abundant sp ... | 2006 | 17088370 |
| presence of broadly reactive and group-specific neutralizing epitopes on newly described isolates of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv), a member of the genus nairovirus of the family bunyaviridae, causes severe disease in humans with high rates of mortality. the virus has a tripartite genome composed of a small (s), a medium (m) and a large (l) rna segment; the m segment encodes the two viral glycoproteins, g(n) and g(c). whilst relatively few full-length m segment sequences are available, it is apparent that both g(n) and g(c) may exhibit significant sequence diversity. it is unkno ... | 2005 | 16298978 |
| complete l segment coding-region sequences of crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus strains from the russian federation and tajikistan. | the large (l) rna segment of crimean congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus strain ast/ti30908, isolated from pooled hyalomma marginatum ticks collected in 2002 from the astrakhan region of european russia, was amplified piecemeal using reverse-transcription/polymerase chain reaction, followed by direct sequencing of gel-purified amplicons. after removal of 5' and 3' primer-generated termini, the assembled ast/ti30908 l segment sequence is 12112 nucleotides long, with 41.3% g + c content, and is g ... | 2006 | 16195783 |
| [circulation of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in the stavropol territory in the seasons of 1999-2000]. | after the prolonged (about 30 years) absence of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) morbidity in the stavropol territory cases of this infection were registered, and received laboratory confirmation, in summer of 1999-2000. at the end of the 1999 season antibodies to cchf virus were detected among cattle-breeders in all 7 inspected regions of the territory. according to the data of the determination of virus contamination of ixodes ticks (the season of 2000), the circulation of cchf on the te ... | 2005 | 16028513 |
| [role of some wild birds and mammals in the natural foci of crimean haemorrhagic fever in stavropol' region]. | the results of the study on the role of some wild mammals and birds as feeding sources of for ticks hyalomma marginatum, the main vectors of crimean haemorrhagic fever virus in the stavropol territory, in the preimago phases of their development are presented. these phases (larvae and nymphs) were found on rooks, hooded crows, partridges, european brown hares and eared hedgehogs. the examination of domestic fowl resulted in finding larvae and nymphs in small amounts on turkeys. according to the ... | 2001 | 12718190 |
| influence of laboratory animal hosts on the life cycle of hyalomma marginatum and implications for an in vivo transmission model for crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) is one of the most geographically widespread arboviruses and causes a severe hemorrhagic syndrome in humans. the virus circulates in nature in a vertebrate-tick cycle and ticks of the genus hyalomma are the main vectors and reservoirs. although the tick vector plays a central role in the maintenance and transmission of cchfv in nature, comparatively little is known of cchfv-tick interactions. this is mostly due to the fact that establishing tick colo ... | 2013 | 23971007 |
| molecular (ticks) and serological (humans) study of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in the iberian peninsula, 2013-2015. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a viral disease, mainly transmitted through tick bite, of great importance in public health. in spain, crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) was detected for the first time in 2010 in hyalomma lusitanicum ticks collected from deer in cáceres. the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of cchfv in ticks from cáceres, and from other spanish areas, and to evaluate the presence of antibodies against the virus in individuals exposed to tick ... | 2017 | 28291670 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus lineages europe 1 and europe 2 in bulgarian ticks. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a tick-borne human viral disease with fatality rate up to 30%. two genetic lineages of cchf virus (cchfv) are present in europe - lineage europe 1 which contains pathogenic cchfv strains, and lineage europe 2 consisting of ap92 and ap92-like strains. in order to investigate cchfv distribution and potential risk for humans, ticks were collected from livestock in the five districts where cchf cases have been reported in the last five years in bulgaria. cch ... | 2016 | 27378409 |
| molecular analysis of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus and rickettsia in hyalomma marginatum ticks removed from patients (spain) and birds (spain and morocco), 2009-2015. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) was detected in spain in 2010. the presence of cchfv in hyalomma marginatum ticks from migratory birds passing through morocco during the spring migration strengthened the hypothesis of the arrival of infected ticks transported by birds to the iberian peninsula. furthermore, hyalomma species are vectors of bacterial infections such as spotted fever rickettsioses. cchfv and rickettsia were screened in hyalomma ticks from spain attached to patients (n= ... | 2016 | 27215620 |
| [detection of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus rna in the hyalomma marginatum ticks taken from bitten people]. | among 1076 imagoes of the hyalomma marginatum ticks taken from bitten people in the astrakhan region in 2006-2010, 10 (0.9%) ticks contained crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus rna, as evidenced by rt-pcr. the diagnosis of cchf was made on the basis of clinical data and the results of examination of sera in rt-pcr, elisa-igm, and elisa-iga in three of the 10 persons bitten by infected ticks. two more patients were observed to have acute febrile diseases, but their sera were not examined ... | 2016 | 22905426 |
| an assessment of the distribution and spread of the tick hyalomma marginatum in the western palearctic under different climate scenarios. | we applied a process-driven model to evaluate the impact of climate scenarios for the years 2020, 2050, and 2080 on the life cycle of hyalomma marginatum ticks in the western palearctic. the net growth rate of the tick populations increased in every scenario tested compared to the current climate baseline. these results support the expectations of increased tick survival and increased population turnover in future climate scenarios. we included a basic evaluation of host movement based on rules ... | 2012 | 22448680 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus-tick survey in endemic areas in bulgaria. | the balkan peninsula and bulgaria in particular, is a well-known endemic region for crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf). this study describes the prevalence of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) among tick populations from areas, previously recognized with emerging cases of cchf disease in humans. these include regions from the southeastern (regions of kardzhali and haskovo) and central (region of stara zagora) parts of the country. for the period 2006-2010 a total of 911 adult tic ... | 2012 | 22337300 |
| importation of hyalomma marginatum, vector of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus, into the united kingdom by migratory birds. | hyalomma marginatum ticks are an important vector of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus which can result in a severe and potentially fatal disease in humans. given the continued emergence of clinical cases in eurasia and focalised upsurges of h. marginatum populations in europe, it seemed prudent to assess the potential of this vector species to be introduced into the united kingdom. immature forms of h. marginatum are frequent ectoparasites of passerine birds many of which migrate from afri ... | 2012 | 22300969 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks collected from livestock in albania. | albania is a balkan country endemic for crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf). it was shown previously that cchf virus (cchfv) sequences from albanian patients cluster into europe 1 clade. aim of the present study was to test for cchfv ticks collected in several regions of albania, and to determine the genetic lineage(s) of the cchfv strains in relation with their geographic distribution. a total of 726 ticks (366 hyalomma marginatum, 349 rhipicephalus bursa and 11 rhipicephalus sanguineus) col ... | 2017 | 28827176 |
| francisella-like endosymbionts and rickettsia species in local and imported hyalomma ticks. | hyalomma ticks (acari: ixodidae) are hosts for francisella-like endosymbionts (fle) and may serve as vectors of zoonotic disease agents. this study aimed to provide an initial characterization of the interaction between hyalomma and fle and to determine the prevalence of pathogenic rickettsia in these ticks. hyalomma marginatum, hyalomma rufipes, hyalommadromedarii, hyalommaaegyptium, and hyalommaexcavatum ticks, identified morphologically and molecularly, were collected from different hosts and ... | 2017 | 28710265 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks in turkey: a broad range tick surveillance study. | in turkey, crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) outbreaks started in northern regions in 2002. human cases still continue to increase and the disease spreads in many other provinces of turkey. the ecological role of the vector tick species occurring in turkey is not certain exactly. therefore, we planned a broad range tick study in three different ecological and geographical areas extending from the west black sea regions down to the central anatolia. the aim of this study was to determine and ... | 2017 | 28433738 |
| molecular detection of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks, greece, 2012-2014. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) is transmitted to humans mainly through the bite of infected ticks. in greece, only one clinical case has been observed, in 2008, but the seroprevalence in humans is relatively high (4.2%). to have a first insight into the circulation of cchfv in greece, 2000 ticks collected from livestock during 2012-2014 were tested. cchfv was detected in 36 of the 1290 (2.8%) tick pools (1-5 ticks per pool). two genetic lineages were identified: europe 1 and europ ... | 2017 | 28920177 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus clade iv (asia 1) in ticks of western iran. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) is transmitted through the bite of an infected tick, or by direct contact with cchfv-infected patients' blood or the products of infected livestock. in 2012, ticks were collected in eight regions of lorestan province, iran. in total, 434 ticks were collected. reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of cchfv rna. of 434 ticks, 419 (96.6%) ticks were from the family ixodidae (hard ticks) and 15 (3.5%) ticks were from ... | 2015 | 26336221 |
| first phylogenetic analysis of a crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus genome in naturally infected rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks (acari: ixodidae). | crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a potentially fatal systemic viral disease in many parts of the world, including iran. the nationwide incidence of human cchf in endemic areas was 870 confirmed cases with 126 deaths (case fatality rate, cfr = 17.6 %) in the decade leading to 2012. the detection of the cchf virus (cchfv) genome in tick vectors is of fundamental importance for identifying these ticks as potential reservoirs of cchfv infection. from may to october 2013, following detectio ... | 2015 | 25742932 |
| factors driving the circulation and possible expansion of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus in the western palearctic. | to produce a spatial risk map regarding spread of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) in the western palearctic by linking a process-driven model of the main tick vector, hyalomma marginatum, to a next generation matrix. | 2013 | 23061817 |