| reversed passive hemagglutination and inhibition with rift valley fever and crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever viruses. | reversed passive hemagglutination (rpha) tests were performed by coating glutaraldehyde-fixed and tannic acid-treated sheep erthrocytes with antibodies to rift valley fever (rvf) and crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) viruses. cells coated with crude antibody, in the form of mouse immune ascitic fluid, reacted with high specificity and sensitivity in rpha tests with live or inactivated virus antigens. in inhibition (rphi) tests, rvf antibody titers in human and sheep sera were similar to tho ... | 1983 | 6407347 |
| detection of human antibodies to crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus using expressed viral nucleocapsid protein. | diagnosis of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus infections is hampered by the problems of handling this human pathogen, which requires the highest levels of biological containment. recombinant antigens were examined for their potential as non-hazardous diagnostic reagents. the nucleocapsid (n) gene of the greek ap92 isolate of cchf virus was sequenced from cloned pcr products and the open reading frame was identified by homology to the n protein of a chinese isolate of cchf virus. the ... | 1994 | 8077915 |
| biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) and human health. | | 1983 | 6312046 |
| antibodies against haemorrhagic fever viruses in kenya populations. | human sera from lodwar (77 sera), nzoia (841 sera), masinga (251 sera), laisamis (174 sera) and the malindi/kilifi area (556 sera) in kenya were tested by indirect immunofluorescence for antibodies against marburg, ebola (zaire and sudan strains), congo haemorrhagic fever, rift valley fever and lassa viruses. antibodies against ebola virus, particularly the zaire strain, were detected in all regions and were, over-all, more abundant than antibodies against the other antigens. ebola and marburg a ... | 1983 | 6419422 |
| antibody to crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in wild mammals from southern africa. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus is becoming increasingly recognized as an important human pathogen in southern africa. in order to determine the role of wild mammals in the natural ecology of the virus, sera from 3,772 wild mammals of 87 species and from 1,978 domestic dogs collected in south africa and zimbabwe between 1964 and 1985 were tested for antibody to cchf virus by reversed passive hemagglutination inhibition (rphi) and by indirect immunofluorescence (if). antibody was fou ... | 1987 | 3101526 |
| a fatal case of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever in mauritania: virological and serological evidence suggesting epidemic transmission. | crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf), a tick-borne viral zoonosis, is focally endemic throughout parts of eurasia, the middle east and africa. in sub-saharan west africa only 2 previous cases, both non-fatal, have been reported. we documented a fatal human case of cchf in south-western mauritania during may 1988 by demonstrating cchf virus-specific class m antibodies and by isolating cchf virus. five of 7 other patients simultaneously in hospital with haemorrhagic fever symptoms also exhibite ... | 1990 | 2128671 |
| prospects for treatment of viral hemorrhagic fevers with ribavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug. | ribavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug, is active against hemorrhagic fever viruses (with the exception of ebola virus) in cell culture systems. in model infections with arenaviruses in guinea pigs and monkeys, ribavirin has demonstrated both prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy. in therapeutic studies it has not prevented late-onset neurologic disease. in human cases of lassa fever, it significantly reduces mortality when administered before day 7 of illness to persons at high risk. in rod ... | 1989 | 2546248 |
| antibodies to congo-crimean haemorrhagic fever, dhori, thogoto and bhanja viruses in southern portugal. | dhori and thogoto viruses have been isolated from ticks in portugal. in this country favourable ecologic conditions exist for other tick-borne viruses such as bhanja and congo-crimean haemorrhagic fever (c-chf) viruses. a serological survey for antibodies to these 4 tick-borne viruses in 258 human and 141 goat sera was done using the plaque reduction neutralization (prn) and indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) tests. six human sera were found with antibodies to dhori (2), thogoto (2) and c-chf ( ... | 1985 | 2864836 |
| risk factors for crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in rural northern senegal. | the extent of infection among 722 residents of an enzootic focus of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus in rural northern senegal and putative modes of transmission were studied by a cross-sectional seroprevalence survey done from february through may 1989. anti-cchf virus igg was found in 13.1% of 283 persons who completed a standard questionnaire and provided blood samples. seropositivity rates were similar between sexes and increased significantly with age among nomadic persons. beha ... | 1991 | 1910069 |
| rapid diagnosis of human crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever and detection of the virus in naturally infected ticks. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to detect crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus-specific immunoglobulin m (igm) in human serum samples. for this test, a heat-inactivated antigen was prepared from the brains of suckling mice infected with cchf virus. the igm-capture elisa proved more sensitive than indirect fluorescence tests for igm to this virus. a human serum containing high-titer igm to cchf virus was used for an antigen-capture elisa to detect this virus in ... | 1987 | 3108314 |
| geographical distribution of arboviruses in yugoslavia. | studies of arboviruses started in yugoslavia in 1953 following the isolation of tbe virus which caused a severe epidemic that year. until now the following viruses have been proven to circulate in the country: tick-borne encephalitis (tbe), crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf), bhanja (bha), sandfly fever (sf), tahyna (tah), calovo (cvo), west nile (wn), dengue (den), jug bogdanovac (jb), and hantaviruses. tbe virus is endemic in the north-west part of the country, causing also epidemics in cy ... | 1991 | 1658128 |
| viral hemorrhagic fever antibodies in nigerian populations. | using the immunofluorescence test, a serosurvey for antibodies to five viral agents associated with hemorrhagic febrile infections was conducted with 1,677 human sera from different parts of nigeria. three hundred fifty-seven (21.3%) were positive for lassa virus antibody, while antibodies to rift valley fever virus were detected in 42 (2.5%) of the sera. testing for rift valley fever virus antibody was confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test. antibodies to ebola and marburg viruses we ... | 1988 | 3128130 |
| risk of human infections with crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in a south african rural community. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus is widely distributed in wild and domestic mammals, birds, and ticks throughout many regions of africa, europe, and asia. interviews were conducted with 484 individuals from nine farms in the republic of south africa from which recent human cchf cases had originated and with individuals from 27 farms without recognized cases. serum samples were obtained from all consenting individuals. blood was also drawn from 2,212 farm animals. human infection with ... | 1992 | 1524147 |
| precipitating antibodies to crimean haemorrhagic fever virus in human sera collected in hungary. | agar-gel diffusion precipitation test was carried out with crimean haemorrhagic fever (chf) virus as antigen in serum samples collected in four areas of hungary from 587 persons working in contact with animals, and in 169 animal sera collected in hajdu-bihar county, hungary. antibody was found in 17 human sera. all these but one, originating from a slaughterhouse worker in budapest, had been collected from hajdú-bihar county. the highest titre was 1:16. all the animal sera proved to be negative. ... | 1976 | 829015 |
| a reference preparation for human immunoglobulin against crimean/congo hemorrhagic fever. | | 1991 | 1904746 |
| [study of the circulation of crimean hemorrhagic fever virus in turkmenistan]. | final results of the virological and serological investigations of the circulation of the crimean hemorrhagic fever virus in the turkmenian ssr carried out in 1968-1976 are presented in this report. in the examination of 2294 blood serum samples of human beings complement binding antibodies against the crimean hemorrhagic fever were revealed in 0.4% of cases. it was revealed that five species of ixodes ticks could he infected with this virus; for the first time its strains were also isolated fro ... | 1978 | 146992 |
| [an evaluation of the status of natural foci of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in the crimea]. | parasitological data, the results of virological and serological investigations of materials, collected in nature and during the study of the immune structure of the population and indicative of the circulation of cchf, virus in the crimea and the possibility of human infection, are presented. the data on the spontaneous cchf virus infection of 4 tick species belonging to the genus ixodes have been confirmed, and evidence on the participation of dermacentor marginatus in this process obtained fo ... | 1991 | 1759520 |
| distribution of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever viral antibody in senegal: environmental and vectorial correlates. | the spatial pattern in senegal of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus igg antibody prevalence in human and sheep was determined as was the relative abundance of potential tick vectors. a systematic, country-wide serological survey of sheep demonstrated that 10.4% of sheep exhibited igg to cchf virus. sexes were infected equally. antibody prevalence increased with age from 2.1% during the first year to 18.2% among sheep greater than or equal to 3 years of age. igg prevalence was highest ... | 1990 | 2122750 |
| antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection and quantification of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in the tick, hyalomma truncatum. | a viral antigen-capture elisa was compared to a viral plaque-assay on human cell monolayers for detection and quantification of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in triturated experimentally infected hyalomma truncatum ticks. in suspensions of ticks exposed as larvae to viremic mice, the elisa detected 13% positive as compared to 3% (n = 721) positive by plaque-assay. adult ticks inoculated with virus and sampled up to 102 days later were 84% positive by elisa compared to 36% (n = 273) posit ... | 1993 | 8320308 |
| [surveillance of the circulation of arbovirus of medical interest in the region of eastern senegal]. | a study about the circulation of arboviruses of medical interest in southeastern senegal was conducted from 1988 to 1991, during and around the periods of transmission. specific igm antibodies were detected by elisa test in human sera, as a sign of a recent infection within 2 to 5 months. the comparison of the serological igm results from human surveys in different villages, and the isolations of arboviruses from mosquitoes during the same period of time permitted a rapid and global evaluation o ... | 1993 | 8099299 |
| [crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in senegal. latest data on the ecology of the cchf virus]. | the authors finalize the knowledge on the ecology of the cchf virus in senegal, west africa. they specify two new major data for the understanding of the viral ecology in west africa. the recognition of a bird species, common and widely distributed in senegal (tockus erythrorhynchus, coraciiformes, bucerotidae), that replicates the virus and infects the immature stages of its current parasite hyalomma marginatum rufipes in more than 90% of the cases, explains why the minimum infection rate of th ... | 1994 | 8003897 |
| presence of antibody to arboviruses of the crimean haemorrhagic fever-congo (chf-congo) group in human beings and domestic animals in india. | | 1976 | 828146 |
| investigations following initial recognition of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever in south africa and the diagnosis of 2 further cases. | sera from 124 cattle herds were tested, and antibodies to crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) were found in 93 herds. the prevalence of antibodies was high in the interior of the country, in excess of 90% in some herds, but was less than 4% in cattle along the coast from cape town to east london. only 17 out of 1109 (1,5%) human residents of 55 farms had antibodies to cchf, while none of 164 veterinary research workers or 98 veterinarians engaged in farm animal practice had them. specimens f ... | 1985 | 3933132 |
| a common-source outbreak of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever on a dairy farm. | an outbreak of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) on a dairy farm in the orange free state in 1984 is described. forty-six cows were purchased from the western cape province in january 1984; 2 died from the tick-borne disease anaplasmosis in march and a labourer who helped butcher the carcasses became ill a few days later. another cow died at the end of april and within 9 days 4 people who had come into contact with its blood became ill. antibodies to cchf virus were found in the sera of th ... | 1985 | 3933131 |
| crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus infection in the western province of saudi arabia. | in 1990, an outbreak of suspected viral haemorrhagic fever involving 7 individuals occurred in mecca in the western province of saudi arabia. congo-crimean haemorrhagic fever (cchf), not previously known to be present in saudi arabia, was incriminated. a study of the epidemiology of this virus was therefore carried out in mecca, and in nearby jeddah and taif in 1991-1993; 13 species of ixodid ticks (5 hyalomma spp., 5 rhipicephalus spp., 2 amblyomma spp., 1 boophilus sp.) were collected from liv ... | 1997 | 9231193 |
| [sequencing and comparative analysis of the complete glycoprotein gene of three crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus chinese isolates]. | to determine the complete sequences of glycoprotein (m) gene of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) chinese isolates (xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus, xhfv) ba66019, ba8402 ba88166 and to compare and analyze the relationships among the viruses. | 2001 | 11436635 |
| molecular investigation of a multisource outbreak of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in the united arab emirates. | during the investigation of an outbreak of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) in the united arab emirates (uae) between 1994 and 1995, blood samples from suspected cchf cases and ticks collected from livestock were tested for cchf virus by antigen-capture elisa and by a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. phylogenetic analysis of partial small (s) segment nucleotide sequences from four ticks and five human samples showed that with one exception, all the human and tick viruses cl ... | 1997 | 9392588 |
| first documentation of human crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, kenya. | | 2002 | 12194785 |
| [the isolation of dhori viruses (orthomyxoviridae, thogotovirus) and crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (bunyaviridae, nairovirus) from the hare (lepus europaeus) and its ticks hyalomma marginatum in the middle zone of the volga delta, astrakhan region, 2001]. | in august, 2001, in the middle zone of the delta of the volga river, the astrakhan region, during investigation of the natural foci of west nile fever and crimean--congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf), the material from the hare (lepus europaeus, pallas, 1778 (lagomorpha, leporidae) and collected from it the ticks hyalomna marginatum koch 1844, was obtained. 4 strains of dhori virus (orthomyxoviridae, thogotovirus) and 2 strains of cchf virus (bunyaviridae, nairovirus) were isolated. this is the first ... | 2002 | 12271723 |
| genetic analysis of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in russia. | genetic analysis of wild-type crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus strains recovered in the european part of russia was performed. reverse transcriptase pcr followed by direct sequencing was used to recover partial sequences of the cchf virus medium (m) genome segment (m segment) from four pools of hyalomma marginatum ticks and six human patients. phylogenetic analysis of the m-segment sequences from russian strains revealed a close relatedness of the strains (nucleotide sequence diversi ... | 2003 | 12574301 |
| [introduction to sterilization and disinfection of medical wastes contaminated with human virus]. | in this paper, we describe sterilization and disinfection of medical wastes contaminated with blood borne-virus, such as ebola virus, marburg virus, crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus, lassa virus, hepatitis b virus and human immunodeficiency virus. | 2000 | 10901040 |
| reverse genetics for crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus. | the widespread geographical distribution of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus (more than 30 countries) and its ability to produce severe human disease with high mortality rates (up to 60%) make cchf a major public health concern worldwide. we describe here the successful establishment of a reverse genetics technology for cchf virus, a member of the genus nairovirus, family bunyaviridae: the rna polymerase i (pol i) system was used to generate artificial viral rna genome segments (mini ... | 2003 | 12719591 |
| development of protein-based inhibitors of the proprotein of convertase ski-1/s1p: processing of srebp-2, atf6, and a viral glycoprotein. | processing of membrane-bound transcription factors such as sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (srebps) and the er-stress response factor atf6, and glycoproteins of some hemorrhagic fever viruses are initiated by the proprotein convertase ski-1/s1p. so far, no cellular protein-based inhibitor of the hydrophobic-amino acid specific ski-1 is known. the prosegment of the basic-amino acid specific convertases (e.g. furin and pc5) or alpha(1)-pdx, a variant of alpha(1)-antitrypsin (alpha(1)-at ... | 2004 | 14970232 |
| emerging zoonoses and vector-borne infections affecting humans in europe. | the purpose of this study was to assess and describe the current spectrum of emerging zoonoses between 2000 and 2006 in european countries. a computerized search of the medline database from january 1966 to august 2006 for all zoonotic agents in european countries was performed using specific criteria for emergence. fifteen pathogens were identified as emerging in europe from 2000 to august 2006: rickettsiae spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi, bartonella spp., francisella tula ... | 2007 | 17445320 |
| [laboratory diagnostics of crimean hemorrhagic fever by polymerase chain reaction]. | our group developed, within the present case study, two techniques' variations, i.e. a single-step rt-pcr and nested rt-pcr assays, for the purpose of detecting the crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever rna virus in human samples. the above assays as well as those previously recommended by the ministry of health of the russian federation were simultaneously used in 14 clinical samples obtained from patients with crimean hemorrhagic fever. after assessing the detection accuracy, it was found that the d ... | 2003 | 14663884 |
| immunohistochemical and in situ localization of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus in human tissues and implications for cchf pathogenesis. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a potentially fatal disease that occurs in parts of africa, asia, and eastern europe, and that is caused by a recently emerged bunyavirus. rapid laboratory diagnosis of cchf infection is essential and is currently performed by virus isolation and serology. histopathologic studies have been limited to a small number of cases, and little is known about the cellular tropism of cchf virus and the pathogenesis of this disease. | 1997 | 9278612 |
| [use of a novel baculovirus vector to express nucleoprotein gene of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in both insect and mammalian cells]. | to construct a novel baculovirus vector which is capable of promoting the high-yield expression of foreign gene in mammalian cells and to express by this vector the nucleoprotein (np) gene of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) chinese isolate (xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus, xhfv) ba88166 in insect and vero cells. | 2002 | 12665932 |
| [an assessment of the status of natural foci of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in the crimea]. | the parasitological data and the results of the virological and serological investigations of materials, collected in nature and in the course of study of the immune structure of the population, are indicative of the circulation of chf virus in the crimea and the possibility of human infection. data on spontaneous infection of four species of ixodes ticks with chf virus have been confirmed, including the data, obtained for the first time for this region, on the participation of dermacentor margi ... | 1992 | 1379771 |
| genetic detection and isolation of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus, kosovo, yugoslavia. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (c-chfv) strains were isolated from a fatal case and the attending physician in kosovo, yugoslavia. early, rapid diagnosis of the disease was achieved by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. the physician was successfully treated with oral ribavirin. these cases yielded the first genetically studied c-chfv human isolates in the balkans. | 2002 | 12141973 |
| tick-borne virus diseases of human interest in europe. | several human diseases in europe are caused by viruses transmitted by tick bite. these viruses belong to the genus flavivirus, and include tick-borne encephalitis virus, omsk haemorrhagic fever virus, louping ill virus, powassan virus, nairovirus (crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus) and coltivirus (eyach virus). all of these viruses cause more or less severe neurological diseases, and some are also responsible for haemorrhagic fever. the epidemiology, clinical picture and methods for diagnos ... | 2004 | 15606630 |
| human crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, sénégal. | | 2004 | 15565746 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever: prevention and control limitations in a resource-poor country. | in autumn 2000, an outbreak of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) occurred in pakistan and involved nosocomial cases due to human-to-human transmission at a tertiary care hospital in karachi. during a hospital-based investigation, 6 serologically confirmed cases (i.e., patients seropositive for cchf antigen or anti-cchf immunoglobulin m antibodies by means of a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [elisa]) and 3 clinically confirmed cases (i.e., patients with negative elisa for cchf but ... | 2004 | 15227619 |
| genetic characterization of the m rna segment of a balkan crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus strain. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus causes one of the most severe diseases in humans, with a mortality rate of up to 30%. it is transmitted to humans by the bite of hard ticks or by contact with blood or tissues from human patients or infected livestock. balkan peninsula is an endemic region of the disease, and sporadic cases or even outbreaks are observed every year. the m rna segment encodes for the glycoprotein precursor of two surface glycoproteins gn and gc. up to now complete m rn ... | 2005 | 15648072 |
| [crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever]. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is an acute infectious disease caused by cchf virus (cchfv), a member of the family bunyaviridae, genus nairovirus. the case fatality rate of cchf ranges from 10-40%. because cchf is not present in japan, many japanese virologists and clinicians are not very familiar with this disease. however, there remains the possibility of an introduction of cchfv or other hemorrhagic fever viruses into japan from surrounding endemic areas. development of diagnostic lab ... | 2004 | 15745160 |
| host-passage-induced phenotypic changes in crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus. | changes in virulence of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus toward intracerebrally inoculated suckling mice (sm) were studied in relation to different host-passage histories. two cchf virus strains, one isolated from a human and the other from a tick, were passaged through various vertebrate and tick hosts and then reisolated and tested for their virulence toward sm. in various experiments, sm were inoculated with 12 different viral suspensions, each having a specific passage history. ... | 1995 | 7638437 |
| seroprevalence of five arboviruses in zebu cattle in the central african republic. | sequential blood samples taken from 237 adult and 147 young zebu cattle in the central african republic (car) were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of antibodies to rift valley fever (rvf), dugbe (dug), crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf), chikungunya (chik) and wesselsbron (wsl) viruses. antibodies to dug and cchf viruses were detected in 70% and 61% respectively, of the sera from adult cattle, probably due to common antigens. this hypothesis is supported by th ... | 1996 | 8730305 |
| presence of broadly reactive and group-specific neutralizing epitopes on newly described isolates of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv), a member of the genus nairovirus of the family bunyaviridae, causes severe disease in humans with high rates of mortality. the virus has a tripartite genome composed of a small (s), a medium (m) and a large (l) rna segment; the m segment encodes the two viral glycoproteins, g(n) and g(c). whilst relatively few full-length m segment sequences are available, it is apparent that both g(n) and g(c) may exhibit significant sequence diversity. it is unkno ... | 2005 | 16298978 |
| imported crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a tick-borne disease that may also be transmitted through person-to-person transmission by exposure to infected body fluids. despite its wide geographic distribution in animals, cchf virus is rarely associated with recognized human diseases. we report the first case of imported cchf in france. | 2005 | 16145173 |
| serological evidence of human infection with congo-crimean hemorrhagic fever virus in greece. | | 1982 | 6812443 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) is an important human pathogen, which is the cause of a tick-borne illness occurring in many areas of africa, asia, and europe. cchf is characterized by a sudden onset of high fever, chills, and severe headache. other symptoms can include gastrointestinal disorders, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. in severe cases, hemorrhagic manifestations can occur and often present as large areas of ecchymosis, rather than frank bleeding. exposure to ticks ... | 2005 | 16375710 |
| crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever. | crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) is an often fatal viral infection described in about 30 countries, and it has the most extensive geographic distribution of the medically important tickborne viral diseases, closely approximating the known global distribution of hyalomma spp ticks. human beings become infected through tick bites, by crushing infected ticks, after contact with a patient with cchf during the acute phase of infection, or by contact with blood or tissues from viraemic livestoc ... | 2006 | 16554245 |
| [genomic s segment of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus circulating in russia and bulgaria]. | s-segment nucleotide sequences for two crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus strains isolated in the rostov region of russia and in bulgaria have been determined. analysis of complete s-segment nucleotide sequences in the viral strains from different regions of the world has established that the cchf virus strains isolated from ticks and human beings in different southern russian regions in 1967 and 2000 are very closely genetically and they form an individual subgroup in the basic europe ... | 2006 | 16826753 |
| recombinant expression, purification, and kinetic and inhibitor characterisation of human site-1-protease. | human site-1-protease (s1p, merops s08.8063), also widely known as subtilisin/kexin isozyme 1 (ski-1), is a membrane bound subtilisin-related serine protease, that belongs to a group of nine mammalian proprotein convertases. among these proteases, s1p displays unique substrate specificity, by showing preferred cleavage after non-basic amino acids. s1p plays a key role in a proteolytic pathway that controls the cholesterol content of membranes, cells and blood. s1p also participates in the activa ... | 2007 | 16973377 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever is a tick-borne viral disease reported from more than 30 countries in africa, asia, south-east europe, and the middle east. the majority of human cases are workers in livestock industry, agriculture, slaughterhouses, and veterinary practice. nosocomial transmission is also well described. clinical manifestations are nonspecific and symptoms typically include high fever, headache, malaise, arthralgia, myalgia, nausea, abdominal pain, and nonbloody diarrhea. patient ... | 2007 | 17367225 |
| crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever cases in turkey. | crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) is an arbovirus infection, which is transmitted through ticks or via blood and secretions. until recently, human cases of cchf were unknown in turkey; however, several acute disease cases were reported in 2002. we report on the investigation of a cluster of suspected cchf cases in the middle part of the black sea from may 2002 to october 2003. the medical charts that we reviewed were obtained from all local physicians and our field investigations. 'suspect ... | 2007 | 17454897 |
| a simple assay for determining antiviral activity against crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) is a tick-borne virus that is emerging as a significant human pathogen in many regions of the world, including africa, asia, and europe. in this report, we describe a simple screening method for discovering new antiviral compounds directed against cchfv. antiviral activity was determined by assaying infected sw-13 cells (human adrenal gland carcinoma) for protection from cytopathic effect (cpe). by using an in vitro neutral red uptake assay, we were ... | 2004 | 15026198 |
| human mxa protein inhibits the replication of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) belongs to the genus nairovirus within the family bunyaviridae and is the causative agent of severe hemorrhagic fever. despite increasing knowledge about hemorrhagic fever viruses, the factors determining their pathogenicity are still poorly understood. the interferon-induced mxa protein has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on several members of the bunyaviridae family, but the effect of mxa against cchfv has not previously been studied. here, ... | 2004 | 15047845 |
| genetic analysis of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in iran. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a potentially fatal disease caused by a tick-borne virus in the family bunyavridae. the disease occurs in parts of africa, asia, middle east, and eastern europe. during recent years, an increasing number of human cchf cases have been diagnosed in iran, but very little information is available on the prevalence and genetic diversity of cchfv in iran. in the present study, cchf virus (cchfv) isolates from nine iranian patients infected during 2002 were exa ... | 2004 | 15170636 |
| detection of a questing hyalomma marginatum marginatum adult female (acari, ixodidae) in southern germany. | the first finding of a questing hyalomma marginatum marginatum female tick in germany is described. the tick was found in may 2006 on the clothing of a person who had spent the preceding day in rural surroundings in southern germany. as the infested person had also been visiting spain where h. m. marginatum is known to occur some weeks prior to finding the tick, it is not clear whether the tick had been imported by him as a female or by another host in a preimaginal stage and succeeded to develo ... | 2007 | 17952610 |
| modeling the spatial distribution of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in turkey. | the more than 1100 human cases of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) reported in a continuing series of outbreaks that started in 2003 in turkey constitute the largest epidemic of the disease since cchf was first recognized in 1944. the spatial distribution of cchf case reporting rates in turkey was studied to look for clusters of disease. we applied the spatial scan analysis to test the hypothesis of whether there were areas with a higher than expected number of cchf cases. the analysis was ... | 2007 | 18047397 |
| synthesis of 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-3-ethynyl-[1,2,4]triazole and its in vitro and in vivo efficacy against hantavirus. | there are no fda approved drugs for the treatment of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), a serious human illnesses caused by hantaviruses. clinical studies using ribavirin (rbv) to treat hfrs patients suggest that it provides an improved prognosis when given early in the course of disease. given the unique antiviral activity of rbv and the lack of other lead scaffolds, we prepared a diverse series of 3-substituted 1,2,4-triazole-beta-ribosides and identified one with antiviral activity ... | 2008 | 18394724 |
| compartment syndrome: an unusual course for a rare disease. | we report a case of compartment syndrome of the left upper limb following hemorrhage due to crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in a 45-year-old man. as far as we know, there is not such a report in the literature. we discuss clinical manifestations, electrophysiologic findings, differential diagnosis, and management of the patient. a high degree of awareness for an early diagnosis may participate to improve the poor prognosis. | 2005 | 16103620 |
| the risk of transmission of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus from human cases to first-degree relatives. | to determine the infectivity of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus via routine contacts between serologically confirmed cases and their close relatives from may 2005 up to march 2006, 79 serum samples of 57 close relatives of 12 newly diagnosed serologically confirmed cchf cases in the sistan-va-baluchestan province of iran were tested for igg and igm antibodies against cchf virus using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. nine levels of contacts were considered: percutaneo ... | 2008 | 19050365 |
| a case of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever with pleural effusion. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a tick-borne viral zoonosis with the potential of human-to-human transmission that affects wide areas in asia, southeastern europe, and africa. hemorrhagic manifestations constitute a prominent symptom of late stage disease with case fatality rates from 3 to 50%. we present a case of cchf complicated by hemorrhagic pleural effusion and resulting in resolution without chest tube drainage in a 9-year-old boy. the diagnosis of cchf was confirmed by enzyme-l ... | 2009 | 19168966 |
| the first clinical case due to ap92 like strain of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus and a field survey. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a fatal infection, but no clinical case due to ap92 strain was reported. we described the first clinical case due to ap92 like cchfv. | 2009 | 19515251 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in southeastern europe. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is an acute, tick-borne viral disease, affecting only humans and newborn mice, with hemorrhagic manifestations and considerable mortality in humans. cchf virus circulates in nature in an enzootic tick-vertebrate-tick cycle; migrating birds and livestock transferred from endemic to non-endemic areas may carry large numbers of infected ticks thus spreading the cchf virus into novel areas. from 2000 through 2008, the infection emerged or re-emerged in bulgaria ... | 2009 | 19540787 |
| epidemiology and phylogenetic analysis of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever viruses in xinjiang, china. | in 2004 and 2005, an epidemiological survey of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) was conducted in xinjiang, china. a total of 5,629 serum samples of human and livestock were collected and tested for the cchfv antibody, and 17,319 ticks were collected for viral identification. reverse passive hemagglutination inhibition assays showed that the average prevalence of cchfv antibody was 1.7% for the humans and 12.7% for the livestock. a relatively high antibody prevalence, ranging from 19 ... | 2009 | 19553586 |
| crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus infects human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. | for some patients infection with crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) causes a severe disease characterized by fever, vascular leakage and coagulopathy. knowledge of cchf pathogenesis is limited and today there is no information about the specific target cells of cchfv. in this study we analyzed the permissiveness of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) including monocyte-derived dendritic cells (modcs) to cchfv infection. interestingly, we found that modcs are the most perm ... | 2009 | 19570561 |
| detection of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus genome in saliva and urine. | the crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus is transmitted by tick bites and by contact with the blood or tissues of infected patients and livestock. this study was designed to investigate the genome of cchf virus in saliva and urine samples of patients with cchf. | 2010 | 19656706 |
| differential activation profiles of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus- and dugbe virus-infected antigen-presenting cells. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) is a highly pathogenic, tick-borne member of the family bunyaviridae and the genus nairovirus. to better elucidate the pathogenesis of cchfv, we analysed the host innate immune response induced in antigen-presenting cells (apcs) infected in vitro by cchfv. monocyte-derived dendritic cells (dcs) and macrophages (mps) were both shown to be permissive for cchfv and to replicate the virus, as monitored by genomic and antigenomic strand quantification. vi ... | 2010 | 19812268 |
| [crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever: an enemy at the gates]. | crimea-congo haemorrhagic fever is a tick-borne viral zoonosis with the potential of human-to-human transmission. the disease occurs in extensive areas in asia, south-eastern europe and africa. haemorrhagic manifestations constitute a prominent symptom of the late disease stage, with case fatality rates from 9 to 50%. the recent increase in the number of cases in eastern europe and the potential for nosocomial outbreaks indicate the advisability of diagnosis in every patient hospitalized in ital ... | 2009 | 19838084 |
| the trend towards habitat fragmentation is the key factor driving the spread of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever. | we aimed to characterize an environmental niche driving the distribution of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) in turkey, using a geo-referenced collection of cases reported between 2003 and 2008 and a set of climate and vegetation features. we used mean monthly air temperatures and normalized derived vegetation index (ndvi) values, at a resolution of 0.1 degrees , as well as climate features at and below the surface. we computed significant differences in monthly variables between positive ... | 2010 | 19878611 |
| type i interferon inhibits crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in human target cells. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) is a causative agent of severe hemorrhagic fever occurring sporadically in parts of africa, asia, southeast europe, and the middle east. its recent recognition as a potential agent of bioterrorism/biowarfare highlights the need for effective antiviral therapy. in this study, it is shown that human endothelial cells are permissive to cchfv. it is also shown that interferon-alpha inhibits the growth of cchfv in human endothelial and hepatoma cells, red ... | 2006 | 16372299 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in iran and neighboring countries. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a zoonotic viral disease that is asymptomatic in infected livestock, but a serious threat to humans. human infections begin with nonspecific febrile symptoms, but progress to a serious hemorrhagic syndrome with a case fatality rate of 2-50%. although the causative virus is often transmitted by ticks, livestock-to-human and human-to-human transmissions also occur. the disease is one of the most widely distributed viral hemorrhagic fevers occurring in afri ... | 2010 | 20006541 |
| [novel diagnostic kit on the basis of stained polymeric carriers for epidemiologic surveillance in natural foci of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever]. | to study diagnostic value of developed antigenic polymeric diagnostic kit for epidemiologic surveillance in natural foci of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) in south federal district. | 2009 | 20066777 |
| molecular epidemiology of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in turkey: occurrence of local topotype. | the goal of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) in turkey. the study was performed on a total of 48 confirmed human cchf cases from 2006 to 2008. the majority of the cchf viral strains in turkey were found to belong to the european lineage. local cchf viral strains are grouped into two main clusters, which can be further divided into two sub-groups. we also identified an ap92-like virus causing clinical disease in corum (a mid ... | 2010 | 20079776 |
| an antigenic investigation of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) in hard ticks from provinces in northern turkey. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus threatens human health. exposure of the infected tick is a strong risk factor for human disease. in this study, the hard ticks collected from a variety of mammalian species (cattle, sheep, goat, and buffalo) and a turtle in either coastal or inland black sea region of turkey were surveyed for the presence of antigen from crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv). cchfv antigen was found in 46 of 421 tick pools (10.92%). positivity rates for the provinces ... | 2010 | 20401757 |
| evaluation of a crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus recombinant antigen expressed by semliki forest suicide virus for igm and igg antibody detection in human and animal sera collected in iran. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) is transmitted to humans by ticks or by direct contact with infected blood. it causes severe, often fatal, hemorrhagic diseases in humans but infection in animals is asymptomatic. cchfv can spread from person to person and has caused many nosocomial outbreaks. because the virus is very pathogenic for humans it must be manipulated in a biosafety level 4 (bsl4) laboratory, rendering the production of antigen for serological diagnosis difficult. to repl ... | 2006 | 16087395 |
| a newly identified crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus strain in turkey. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a fatal viral disease that occurs in approximately 30 countries. it has the most extensive geographic range among the tick-borne viruses that affect human health. recently, a 6-year-old boy presented with complaints of fever, fatigue, and loss of appetite. he revealed a history of tick bite in rural istanbul three days prior to presentation. a hyperemia was detected at the site of the tick bite. laboratory tests showed that alanine aminotransferase, aspa ... | 2010 | 20005760 |
| breastfeeding in crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever. | crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) is potentially a fatal disease transmitted by tick bite, close contact with blood or tissues of infected humans or viraemic livestock. we present the clinical course of 2 breastfeeding women with cchf and their babies. both the mothers had positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for cchf virus in blood and it was negative in breast milk. at follow-up, babies did not develop cchf infection. | 2008 | 17934982 |
| [evaluation of pcr and elisa-igm results in the laboratory diagnosis of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever cases in 2008 in turkey]. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a fatal zoonotic viral haemorrhagic infection described in africa, asia, eastern europe, and the middle east. cchf virus (cchfv) classified in bunyaviridae family and nairovirus genus, is transmitted to humans by tick (hyalomma and ixodid) bites and human to human transmission may occur by direct contact with blood or other infected tissues. the disease became endemic and a public health problem since 2002 outbreak in turkey. the specific laboratory diag ... | 2010 | 20455399 |
| processing of genome 5' termini as a strategy of negative-strand rna viruses to avoid rig-i-dependent interferon induction. | innate immunity is critically dependent on the rapid production of interferon in response to intruding viruses. the intracellular pathogen recognition receptors rig-i and mda5 are essential for interferon induction by viral rnas containing 5' triphosphates or double-stranded structures, respectively. viruses with a negative-stranded rna genome are an important group of pathogens causing emerging and re-emerging diseases. we investigated the ability of genomic rnas from substantial representative ... | 2008 | 18446221 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever: risk for emergence of new endemic foci in europe? | during recent years, new foci of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) have emerged in several balkan countries, southwest russia, and turkey. starting in 2002, turkey experiences the largest ever recorded outbreak with more than 2500 cases. potential reasons for the emergence or re-emergence of cchf include climate changes which may have a significant impact on the reproduction rate of the vector hyalomma ticks, as well as anthropogenic factors (e.g. changes in agricultural and hunting activit ... | 2010 | 20541133 |
| early serodiagnosis of acute human crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus infections by novel capture assays. | | 2010 | 20541967 |
| crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever presenting as epididymo-orchitis. | crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a potentially fatal disease caused by a tick-borne virus. | 2010 | 20598630 |
| ixodid ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting humans in tokat province of turkey: species diversity and seasonal activity. | ixodid ticks (acari: ixodidae) are the major vectors of pathogens threatening animal and human health. tokat province, turkey, is a suitable habitat for extended tick activity with its moderate climate and vegetation. in the present study, we surveyed humans visiting health centers to determine the species diversity, geographical distribution, and seasonal activity of ixodid ticks infesting them. out of 5,999 adult ticks collected from humans from april to september, 2008, 800 ticks were identif ... | 2010 | 20618665 |
| tick cell lines for study of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus and other arboviruses. | abstract continuous cell lines derived from many of the vectors of tick-borne arboviruses of medical and veterinary importance are now available. their role as tools in arbovirus research to date is reviewed and their potential application in studies of tick cell responses to virus infection is explored, by comparison with recent progress in understanding mosquito immunity to arbovirus infection. a preliminary study of propagation of the human pathogen crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cc ... | 2011 | 21955214 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in man, republic of georgia, 2009. | | 2010 | 20678341 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever is a tick-borne viral zoonosis with the potential of human-to-human transmission, affecting wide areas in asia, southeastern europe, and africa. hemorrhagic manifestations constitute a prominent symptom of late stage disease with case fatality rates from 10% to 50%. the purpose of this article is to review recent literature on crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever with emphasis on its epidemiology and management. | 2007 | 17762783 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus glycoprotein processing by the endoprotease ski-1/s1p is critical for virus infectivity. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) causes severe human disease. the cchfv medium rna encodes a polyprotein which is proteolytically processed to yield the glycoprotein precursors pregn and pregc, followed by structural glycoproteins gn and gc. subtilisin kexin isozyme-1/site-1 protease (ski-1/s1p) plays a central role in gn processing. here we show that cchfv-infected cells deficient in ski-1/s1p produce no infectious virus, although pregn and pregc accumulated normally in the golgi a ... | 2007 | 17898072 |
| pathogenesis and immune response of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in a stat-1 knockout mouse model. | tick-borne crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) causes a severe hemorrhagic syndrome in humans but not in its vertebrate animal hosts. the pathogenesis of the disease is largely not understood due to the lack of an animal model. laboratory animals typically show no overt signs of disease. here, we describe a new small-animal model to study cchfv pathogenesis that manifests clinical disease, similar to that seen in humans, without adaptation of the virus to the host. our studies revealed ... | 2010 | 20739514 |
| newly recognized mosquito-associated viruses in mainland china, in the last two decades. | there are four principal arboviruses in mainland china. two kinds of them are mosquito-borne viruses, namely japanese encephalitis virus and dengue virus, which lead to japanese encephalitis, and dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever respectively; the other two are tick-borne viruses, namely tick-borne encephalitis virus and crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (also known as xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus), which contribute to tick-borne encephalitis and xinjiang hemorrhagic fever respective ... | 2011 | 21314994 |
| molecular basis for ubiquitin and isg15 cross-reactivity in viral ovarian tumor domains. | crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) is a deadly human pathogen that evades innate immune responses by efficiently interfering with antiviral signaling pathways mediated by nf-?b, irf3, and ifna/ß. these pathways rely on protein ubiquitination for their activation, and one outcome is the modification of proteins with the ubiquitin (ub)-like modifier interferon-stimulated gene (isg)15. cchfv and related viruses encode a deubiquitinase (dub) of the ovarian tumor (otu) family, which unlike ... | 2011 | 21266548 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever: current and future prospects of vaccines and therapies. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a tick-borne disease caused by cchf virus (cchfv), a nairovirus in the family bunyaviridae. cchf occurs sporadically in a number of countries in asia, the middle east, southeastern europe and africa. patients may develop subclinical to severe hemorrhagic disease, with fatal outcomes in a substantial percentage of cases. transmission usually occurs through contact with viremic livestock or patients or bites by infected ticks. the number of reported cases ... | 2011 | 21362441 |
| structural characterization of the crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus gn tail provides insight into virus assembly. | the rna virus that causes the crimean congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a tick-borne pathogen of the nairovirus genus, family bunyaviridae. unlike many zoonotic viruses that are only passed between animals and humans, the cchf virus can also be transmitted from human to human with an overall mortality rate approaching 30%. currently, there are no atomic structures for any cchf virus proteins nor for any nairovirus proteins. a critical component of the virus is the envelope gn glycoprotein, which ... | 2011 | 21507948 |
| evidence of vascular endothelial damage in crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever. | endothelial infection has an important role in the pathogenesis of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf). in this study, we investigated the causes of vascular endothelial damage in patients with cchf. | 2010 | 20627646 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks collected from humans, livestock, and picnic sites in the hyperendemic region of turkey. | abstract during june and july 2007, about 3125 adult ticks were collected from humans, animals, and vegetation in a hyperendemic region (sivas and tokat) of turkey. a total of 2193 ticks were pooled in 225 pools and screened for the crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) presence by antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. infection rates were calculated as the maximum likelihood estimation with 95% confidence intervals (ci). the dominant tick species was found to be hyalomma ma ... | 2011 | 21736490 |
| identification of a putative crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus entry factor. | entry of enveloped viruses into cells is initiated by binding of their envelope glycoproteins (envs) to cell surface-associated receptors. the crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) has two envs, gn and gc, with poorly understood role in binding to susceptible cells. we expressed codon optimized gn and gc, and identified independently folded soluble env fragments, one of which (gc residues 180-300) bound cchfv susceptible cells supposedly by interacting with a putative receptor. this rece ... | 2011 | 21723257 |
| virus and infections 2010 - bit's first world congress. | the world congress of virus and infections, held in busan, south korea, included topics reviewing the field of zoonoses. this conference report highlights selected presentations on surveillance, epidemiology and measures for the control and prevention of zoonotic diseases. topics discussed include human factors influencing zoonoses, the molecular epidemiology of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, the emerging nipah virus, and the re-emergence of cowpox virus. | 2010 | 20878585 |
| structural basis for the removal of ubiquitin and interferon-stimulated gene 15 by a viral ovarian tumor domain-containing protease. | the attachment of ubiquitin (ub) and the ub-like (ubl) molecule interferon-stimulated gene 15 (isg15) to cellular proteins mediates important innate antiviral responses. ovarian tumor (otu) domain proteases from nairoviruses and arteriviruses were recently found to remove these molecules from host proteins, which inhibits ub and isg15-dependent antiviral pathways. this contrasts with the ub-specific activity of known eukaryotic otu-domain proteases. here we describe crystal structures of a viral ... | 2011 | 21245344 |