| rabies in insectivorous bats of western canada, 1979 to 1983. | a total of 1,745, 362, and 536 bats collected in alberta, british columbia, and saskatchewan, respectively, was tested for rabies virus between 1979 and 1983. only one (0.1%) of 769 bats collected at random from buildings was infected with rabies virus in contrast to 95 (5%) of 1,874 symptomatic, rabies-suspect bats submitted for testing. the pattern of infection in the rabies-suspect bats was similar in alberta and saskatchewan, but differed in british columbia. rabies was diagnosed in four spe ... | 1986 | 3735577 |
| bat rabies in canada 1963-1967. | six hundred and twenty-eight insectivorous bats originating from seven provinces were submitted to this institute for rabies diagnosis between august 1, 1963 and december 31, 1967. brain tissue was examined by the fluorescent antibody technique and the mouse infectivity test was carried out with brain, salivary gland, interscapular adipose tissue and kidney samples. rabies virus was detected in 44 bats, 29 of which were from ontario, 12 from british columbia and three from manitoba. most of the ... | 1969 | 4242773 |
| antigenic analysis of rabies-virus isolates from latin america and the caribbean. | a total of 288 rabies-virus samples from 17 latin american and caribbean countries were reacted with an array of monoclonal antibodies. identification of eight distinct antigenic variants among these samples permitted epidemiologic studies of the geographic distribution of different concentrations of rabies in the region and of the animal species serving as maintenance sources for rabies within a concentrated area. two variants were broadly distributed and associated with enzootic disease in dog ... | 1994 | 7801717 |
| survey of bat populations from mexico and paraguay for rabies. | a mammalian survey was conducted in mexico (october 1994-january 1996) and in paraguay (august 1996-march 1997); a complete specimen was collected for each bat in the survey, including primary voucher specimen, ectoparasites, karyotype, and various frozen tissues. the surveys combined provided 937 brain samples (65 bat species) for rabies diagnosis. one male lasiurus ega, collected in paraguay, tested positive for the rabies virus (overall prevalence rate of 0.1%). nucleotide sequence from a 300 ... | 2001 | 11504233 |
| antigenic typing of brazilian rabies virus samples isolated from animals and humans, 1989-2000. | animal and human rabies samples isolated between 1989 and 2000 were typified by means of a monoclonal antibody panel against the viral nucleoprotein. the panel had been previously established to study the molecular epidemiology of rabies virus in the americas. samples were isolated in the diagnostic laboratory of the pasteur institute and in other rabies diagnostic centers in brazil. in addition to the fixed virus samples cvs-31/96-ip, preserved in mouse brain, and pv-bhk/97, preserved in cell c ... | 2002 | 12048546 |
| evolutionary timescale of rabies virus adaptation to north american bats inferred from the substitution rate of the nucleoprotein gene. | throughout north america, rabies virus (rv) is endemic in bats. distinct rv variants exist that are closely associated with infection of individual host species, such that there is little or no sustained spillover infection away from the primary host. using bayesian methodology, nucleotide substitution rates were estimated from alignments of partial nucleoprotein (n) gene sequences of nine distinct bat rv variants from north america. substitution rates ranged from 2.32 x 10(-4) to 1.38 x 10(-3) ... | 2005 | 15831959 |
| molecular diversity of rabies viruses associated with bats in mexico and other countries of the americas. | bat rabies and its transmission to humans and other species in mexico were investigated. eighty-nine samples obtained from rabid livestock, cats, dogs, and humans in mexico were studied by antigenic typing and partial sequence analysis. samples were further compared with enzootic rabies associated with different species of bats in the americas. patterns of nucleotide variation allowed the definition of at least 20 monophyletic clusters associated with 9 or more different bat species. several lin ... | 2006 | 16672396 |
| [rabies virus in naturally infected bats in the state of são paulo, southeastern brazil]. | to identify the species of bats involved in maintaining the rabies cycle; to investigate the distribution of the rabies virus in the tissues and organs of bats and the time taken for mortality among inoculated mice. | 2007 | 17515992 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2007. | summary: during 2007, 49 states and puerto rico reported 7,258 cases of rabies in animals and 1 case in a human to the cdc, representing a 4.6% increase from the 6,940 cases in animals and 3 cases in humans reported in 2006. approximately 93% of the cases were in wildlife, and 7% were in domestic animals. relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,659 raccoons (36.6%), 1,973 bats (27.2%), 1,478 skunks (20.4%), 489 foxes (6.7%), 274 cats (3.8%), 93 dogs (1.3%), and 57 ca ... | 2008 | 18795848 |
| [rabies virus isolation in the salivary glands of insectivorous bats]. | this study determined the presence of the rabies virus in salivary glands, as well as its titre and antigenic characterisation and the level of exposure to the virus from contact between domestic animals and humans. twenty-six positive brain samples were selected, 80% of which were from the brazilian free-tailed bat, tadarida brasiliensis, corresponding to the period 1999-2005. antigenic characterisation was conducted on a panel of 19 monoclonal antibodies targeting the rabies virus nucleoprotei ... | 2009 | 20462155 |
| rabies surveillance among bats in tennessee, usa, 1996-2010. | rabies virus (rabv) infects multiple bat species in the americas, and enzootic foci perpetuate in bats principally via intraspecific transmission. in recent years, bats have been implicated in over 90% of human rabies cases in the us. in tennessee, two human cases of rabies have occurred since 1960: one case in 1994 associated with a tricolored bat (perimyotis subflavus) rabv variant and another in 2002 associated with the tricolored/silver-haired bat (p. subflavus/lasionycteris noctivagans) rab ... | 2015 | 26251992 |
| ecology and geography of transmission of two bat-borne rabies lineages in chile. | rabies was known to humans as a disease thousands of years ago. in america, insectivorous bats are natural reservoirs of rabies virus. the bat species tadarida brasiliensis and lasiurus cinereus, with their respective, host-specific rabies virus variants agv4 and agv6, are the principal rabies reservoirs in chile. however, little is known about the roles of bat species in the ecology and geographic distribution of the virus. this contribution aims to address a series of questions regarding the e ... | 2013 | 24349592 |
| prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to rabies virus in serum of seven species of insectivorous bats from colorado and new mexico, united states. | we determined the presence of rabies-virus-neutralizing antibodies (rvna) in serum of 721 insectivorous bats of seven species captured, sampled, and released in colorado and new mexico, united states in 2003-2005. a subsample of 160 bats was tested for rabies-virus rna in saliva. we sampled little brown bats (myotis lucifugus) at two maternity roosts in larimer county, colorado; big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus) at three maternity roosts in morgan county, colorado; and big brown bats at five mat ... | 2013 | 23568912 |
| high diversity of rabies viruses associated with insectivorous bats in argentina: presence of several independent enzootics. | rabies is a fatal infection of the central nervous system primarily transmitted by rabid animal bites. rabies virus (rabv) circulates through two different epidemiological cycles: terrestrial and aerial, where dogs, foxes or skunks and bats, respectively, act as the most relevant reservoirs and/or vectors. it is widely accepted that insectivorous bats are not important vectors of rabv in argentina despite the great diversity of bat species and the extensive argentinean territory. | 2012 | 22590657 |
| host and viral traits predict zoonotic spillover from mammals. | the majority of human emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, with viruses that originate in wild mammals of particular concern (for example, hiv, ebola and sars). understanding patterns of viral diversity in wildlife and determinants of successful cross-species transmission, or spillover, are therefore key goals for pandemic surveillance programs. however, few analytical tools exist to identify which host species are likely to harbour the next human virus, or which viruses can cross species ... | 2017 | 28636590 |