| the polypeptides of human respiratory syncytial virus: products of cell-free protein synthesis and post-translational modifications. | | 1979 | 425320 |
| reshaping a human monoclonal antibody to inhibit human respiratory syncytial virus infection in vivo. | we transferred the complementarity determining regions from a murine monoclonal antibody that neutralizes infection by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) to a human igg1 monoclonal antibody. the resulting reshaped human antibody lost affinity for rsv, but an additional alteration to one of the framework regions restored binding affinity and specificity. this second generation reshaped human monoclonal antibody cross-reacted with all clinical isolates of rsv tested and both prevented disease and c ... | 1991 | 1367535 |
| characterization of two antigenic sites recognized by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies directed against the fusion glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus. | two antigenic sites recognized by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against the fusion (f) glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus were mapped on the primary structure of the protein by (i) the identification of amino acid substitutions selected in antibody-escape mutants and (ii) the reactivity of synthetic peptides with mabs. the first site contained several overlapping epitopes which were located within the trypsin-resistant amino-terminal third of the large f1 subu ... | 1992 | 1383404 |
| sequence comparison between the phosphoprotein mrnas of human and bovine respiratory syncytial viruses identifies a divergent domain in the predicted protein. | the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the phosphoprotein (p) mrna of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) strain a51908 have been determined. the p mrna is 860 nucleotides long with a single large open reading frame and the encoded polypeptide is 241 amino acids long. comparison with the corresponding sequences of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) subgroups a and b revealed 72 to 74% identity at the nucleotide level, and 81% at the amino acid level. the p protein contain ... | 1992 | 1402819 |
| comparison of three immunoassays for the rapid detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (eia) designed for the detection of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were evaluated for the detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) in bovine lungs and the results were compared with those obtained by a direct fluorescent antibody assay (dfa). the eia tests used were directigen eia, kallestad pathfinder eia, and abbott rsv eia. homogenates of lung tissues obtained from 64 cattle that had died of respiratory disease were used; 32 were ... | 1992 | 1501586 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the mumps virus gene encoding the l protein and the trailer sequence. | we have cloned and determined the nucleotide sequences of the seventh gene of the miyahara strain of mumps virus (muv) encoding the l protein. the l gene is 6925 nucleotides in length and contains a single long open reading frame which is capable of coding for a protein of 2261 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 256,571 da. the deduced amino acid sequence of the l protein of muv showed significant homology with those of six other paramyxoviruses, human parainfluenza type 2 virus, ... | 1992 | 1585659 |
| sequence analysis of the 22k, sh and g genes of turkey rhinotracheitis virus and their intergenic regions reveals a gene order different from that of other pneumoviruses. | the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of three genes of turkey rhinotracheitis virus (trtv) together with the nucleotide sequences of the relevant intergenic regions were determined. the deduced amino acid sequence of one of the genes shows significant identity (42%) to that of the 22k protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the trtv 22k gene, like that of rsv, has a second open reading frame, although the amino acid sequence deduced from this reading frame does not show an ... | 1992 | 1629697 |
| nucleotide sequences of the 3' leader and 5' trailer regions of human respiratory syncytial virus genomic rna. | the nucleotide sequences of the 3' extracistronic (leader) and 5' extracistronic (trailer) regions were determined for genomic rna (vrna) of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) strain a2. to sequence the 3' leader region, vrna was extracted from purified virions, size-selected, polyadenylated, copied into cdna, amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, cloned, and sequenced. the 3' leader sequence is 44 nt, which is somewhat shorter than its counterparts (50 to 70 nt) in other nonsegmented ... | 1991 | 1840712 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of a matrix and small hydrophobic protein dicistronic mrna of bovine respiratory syncytial virus demonstrates extensive sequence divergence of the small hydrophobic protein from that of human respiratory syncytial virus. | the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the matrix (m) and small hydrophobic (sh) proteins of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) have been determined from a dicistronic mrna. comparison of these sequences with the corresponding published sequences of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) revealed extensive overall homology at both the nucleotide and amino acid levels in the m protein, but low overall homology at both the nucleotide and amino acid levels in the sh protein. th ... | 1991 | 1856698 |
| human and bovine respiratory syncytial virus: immunopathologic mechanisms. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is the major respiratory tract pathogen of infants and young children. bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) is recognised as an important cause of respiratory tract disease in calves. both of these viruses and their respective diseases share many similarities. immunopathologic mechanisms have been proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. this review examines the current understanding of the role of ... | 1991 | 2021054 |
| antigen mimicry involving measles virus hemagglutinin and human respiratory syncytial virus nucleoprotein. | intergenic antigenic relationships between measles virus and respiratory syncytial (rs) virus-specific structural components were studied by using monoclonal antibodies. of 75 monoclonal antibodies against these components, only one, an anti-measles virus hemagglutinin monoclonal antibody, cross-reacted. immunofluorescence analysis of measles virus- and rs virus-infected cells with this monoclonal antibody showed qualitatively different staining patterns which indicated that the antigen involved ... | 1986 | 2416956 |
| protection of cotton rats against human respiratory syncytial virus by vaccination with a novel chimeric fg glycoprotein. | the cotton rat model of experimental human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection was used to study the efficacy of fg, a novel chimeric glycoprotein which was expressed in insect cells using a baculovirus vector. fg contained the extracellular regions of the f (fusion) and g (attachment) glycoproteins of rsv. vaccination with fg resulted in induction of neutralizing antibody and was correlated with protection of lung tissue from rsv challenge against both serogroup a and b virus strains. b ... | 1989 | 2677234 |
| antigenic variation between human respiratory syncytial virus isolates. | three hybridoma antibodies, prepared against the rsn-2 strain of human respiratory syncytial (rs) virus, have been used to identify antigenic variation between 41 isolates of rs virus collected from widely separated geographical regions over a period of 29 years. one antibody was directed against an antigenic site on the virus fusion protein, vp70. this site was shared by 21 virus isolates tested and its recognition by the antibody was sensitive to the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. the remainin ... | 1986 | 3517224 |
| concentration of human respiratory syncytial virus using ammonium sulfate, polyethylene glycol or hollow fiber ultrafiltration. | human respiratory syncytial virus was concentrated by polyethylene glycol or ammonium sulfate precipitation as well as by hollow ultrafiltration. recoveries obtained were respectively 49.4%, 47.7%, and 75.2%; however, further analysis of these results by resuspension experiments showed that all the infectivity could be recovered from the different concentrates. the protein content of polyethylene glycol concentrates was much lower than those of ammonium sulfate or hollow fiber ultrafiltration. e ... | 1981 | 7328162 |
| molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus: a review of the use of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in the analysis of genetic variability. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major viral cause of lower respiratory tract disease (bronchiolitis and pneumonia) in babies and infants. infections with the virus occur as annual winter epidemics in temperate climates, placing considerable pressure on the provision of hospital beds. the virus is unusual in that it can reinfect individuals and it can infect babies despite the presence of maternal antibody. rsv has a negative sense nonsegmented rna genome and as such is liable to high le ... | 1995 | 7541747 |
| testing models predicting severity of respiratory syncytial virus infection on the picnic rsv database. pediatric investigators collaborative network on infections in canada. | to determine the sensitivity and specificity of published prognostic models to predict morbidity resulting from lower respiratory tract disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus in an independent pediatric population and to assess the accuracy of single risk factors in predicting adverse outcome. | 1995 | 7581752 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections in children in a desert country. | | 1995 | 7603818 |
| phosphorylation of ser232 directly regulates the transcriptional activity of the p protein of human respiratory syncytial virus: phosphorylation of ser237 may play an accessory role. | the phosphoprotein p of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was expressed in eukaryotic cells in phosphorylated form. site-directed mutagenesis of the recombinant protein established ser232 as the major site of phosphorylation in vivo. phosphorylation of bacterially made p protein in vitro by purified casein kinase ii (ckii) resulted in the phosphorylation of ser237, whereas mainly ser232 was phosphorylated by a crude cell extract. the p kinase activity in the cell extract exhibited properti ... | 1995 | 7491765 |
| cdna cloning and transcriptional mapping of nine polyadenylylated rnas encoded by the genome of human respiratory syncytial virus. | we have isolated cdna clones representing nine unique poly(a)+ rnas transcribed from the genome of human respiratory syncytial virus, a paramyxovirus. a cdna library was constructed by using poly(a)+ rna from virus-infected cells as template and the escherichia coli plasmid pbr322 as vector. viral cdna clones were identified by hybridization with cdna probes prepared from viral genomic rna. the viral clones were grouped into nine different families by hybridization with individual size-selected ... | 1983 | 6190173 |
| respiratory virus antibodies in adults of a norwegian community: prevalences and risk factors. | the aims were to examine prevalences as well as demographic and environmental predictors of respiratory virus antibodies in serum. | 1995 | 7797347 |
| expression of the major glycoprotein g of human respiratory syncytial virus from recombinant vaccinia virus vectors. | the major glycoprotein, g, of human respiratory syncytial (rs) virus is a mr 84,000-90,000 species that has about 60% of its mass contributed by carbohydrate, most of which is in the form of o-linked oligosaccharides. the g protein contains neither a hydrophobic n-terminal signal sequence nor a hydrophobic c-terminal anchor region. instead, its amino acid sequence reveals only one region with significant hydrophobic character, which is between residues 38 and 66. in order to study the synthesis, ... | 1986 | 3455762 |
| evaluation in non-human primates of the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the f or g glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus. | it has been shown previously that immunization with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the f or g envelope glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) strain a2 induced a protective immune response in the lower respiratory tract of cotton rats against live rsv challenge. as a continuation of these studies, the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of these recombinant vaccinia viruses was evaluated in non-human primates. rhesus and patas monkeys were each inoculated intradermally ... | 1988 | 3072795 |
| the prediction of epidemics of respiratory infection. | experience from 25 years of clinical monitoring of influenza and related illnesses has been considered in relation to the prediction of epidemics of influenza. the monitoring has taken place in a network of sentinel practices in england and wales who report new episodes of illness weekly as they occur. the practice data are aggregated at the birmingham research unit of the royal college of general practitioners and weekly rates per 100,000 population are published in age-specific groups. major e ... | 1994 | 7843362 |
| [rapid detection for antigens of respiratory tract viruses by using series of monoclonal antibody]. | a series of monoclonal antibodies (mcab) against six main respiratory tract viruses(rtv)--respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza a virus (flua), influenza b virus(flub), parainfluenza virus type 1.2.3 (piv1.2.3) were developed, and were used in apaap bridge-enzyme assay to rapidly detect the antigens of rtv. total 260 samples of nasopharyngeal exfoliated cells were collected from young men in beijing army suffered from respiratory tract virus infections. the results showed that 18 cases we ... | 1994 | 7859266 |
| marked differences in the antigenic structure of human respiratory syncytial virus f and g glycoproteins. | monoclonal antibodies directed against the glycoproteins of human respiratory syncytial virus were used in competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for topological mapping of epitopes. whereas epitopes of the f glycoprotein could be ascribed to five nonoverlapping antigenic sites, anti-g antibodies recognized unique epitopes, many of whose competition profiles overlapped extensively. variant viruses selected with a neutralizing (47f) anti-f antibody lost the binding for only 47f and 49f an ... | 1989 | 2463385 |
| the g glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial viruses of subgroups a and b: extensive sequence divergence between antigenically related proteins. | two major antigenic subgroups (designated a and b) have been described for human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). previously, on the basis of reactivity patterns with monoclonal antibodies, the greatest intersubgroup variation was shown to occur in the g protein, the putative attachment glycoprotein. to delineate the molecular basis for this variation, we have determined the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the g mrnas and proteins representing a subgroup a (long strain) and a su ... | 1987 | 2441388 |
| gene overlap and site-specific attenuation of transcription of the viral polymerase l gene of human respiratory syncytial virus. | sequence analysis of the gene encoding polymerase l protein of respiratory syncytial virus showed that l-gene transcription initiates within its upstream neighbor, the gene encoding the 22-kda protein 22k. this is an exception to the canonical mode of sequential transcription of nonoverlapping genes described for other nonsegmented negative-strand rna viruses. as a consequence of the gene overlap, the termination/polyadenylylation signal for the 22k gene is located at nucleotides 56-68 within th ... | 1987 | 2440043 |
| immunovirological studies on human respiratory syncytial virus structural proteins. | immunovirological studies suggest that human respiratory syncytial virus may well be composed of five structural proteins as are other members of the paramyxoviridae family: the two external membrane glycoproteins h (90 000) and fo (f1, 49 000; f2, 20 000; disulfide linked), the internal membrane protein m (34 000), the nucleoprotein n (42 000), and a protein (78 000) designated p that could be the equivalent of the polymerase of the morbillivirus and paramyxovirus genus. neutralizing monoclonal ... | 1986 | 2421860 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the phosphoprotein, nucleocapsid protein, matrix protein and 22k (m2) protein of the ovine respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial viruses (rsvs) cause serious respiratory tract disease in infants and children worldwide and similar disease in calves. strains have been isolated from other ruminant animals such as sheep and goats, but these viruses have not been characterized at the molecular level. in this study, we report the cloning and sequencing of four structural genes coding for the phosphoprotein, nucleocapsid (n) protein, matrix (m) protein and 22k protein of an ovine rsv strain. comparisons of ... | 1994 | 7996153 |
| subgrouping of respiratory syncytial virus strains from australia and papua new guinea by biological and antigenic characteristics. | strains of respiratory syncytial virus from 3 major areas of australia and papua new guinea (png) were analyzed for variations in their antigenic and biological properties and in the molecular weights of their major structural proteins. seventy-eight strains from infants and young children with lri were collected from 1981-1984. the rsv season in the australian cities lasted from april through september, with major peaks in july of each year, while the rsv season in tropical png was year-round, ... | 1994 | 8002781 |
| second-year surveillance of recipients of a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) f protein subunit vaccine, pfp-1: evaluation of antibody persistence and possible disease enhancement. | in a previous study, children 18 to 36 months of age and seropositive for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were vaccinated with an rsv subunit vaccine (pfp-1) consisting of the viral fusion protein. vaccines developed substantial increases in anti-fusion and neutralizing antibody and exhibited protection against rsv infection through one rsv epidemic, in comparison to controls. this present study of the same cohort was undertaken to determine the persistence of antibody responses and immunity t ... | 1994 | 8036830 |
| oligo(a) sequences of human respiratory syncytial virus g protein gene: assessment of their genetic stability in frameshift mutants. | we have described previously antibody-resistant mutants of the human respiratory syncytial virus long strain that contained frameshift changes generated by deletions or insertions of a single adenosine in oligo(a) tracts (mrna sense) of the g protein gene. since these mutations introduced drastic structural and antigenic changes in the g protein c-terminal third, we decided to test the mutant stability by passaging the viruses in either the presence or the absence of selective antibody. two such ... | 1994 | 8057428 |
| analysis of genetic variability in human respiratory syncytial virus by the rnase a mismatch cleavage method: subtype divergence and heterogeneity. | we have applied the rnase a mismatch cleavage method to the analysis of genetic variability among human respiratory syncytial (rs) viruses. antisense rna probes of the long strain were hybridized to total rna extracted from cells infected with other strains. the rna:rna heteroduplexes were digested with rnase a and the resistant products analyzed by gel electrophoresis. each virus generated characteristic band patterns with the different probes. comparative analyses of the cleavage patterns indi ... | 1990 | 2294636 |
| deduced amino acid sequence of the fusion glycoprotein of turkey rhinotracheitis virus has greater identity with that of human respiratory syncytial virus, a pneumovirus, than that of paramyxoviruses and morbilliviruses. | the sequence of the fusion (f) glycoprotein of turkey rhinotracheitis virus (trtv) has been deduced from cdna clones derived from oligo(dt)-selected infected cell rna. the protein consists of 538 amino acids, the f2 and f1 subunits containing 102 (including the f2-f1 connecting peptide rrrr) and 436 residues, respectively. each subunit has one potential n-linked glycosylation site. the protein has 38 to 39% amino acid identity with the f protein of respiratory syncytial virus (pneumovirus genus) ... | 1991 | 1990068 |
| induction of local and systemic immunity against human respiratory syncytial virus using a chimeric fg glycoprotein and cholera toxin b subunit. | local iga and igg antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were induced in the respiratory tract of mice following intranasal vaccination with an rsv chimeric fg glycoprotein and cholera toxin b (ctb) as a mucosal adjuvant. local antibody production was not induced following parenteral immunization with fg administered in alum adjuvant. while both vaccination protocols induced serum antibodies against rsv and protected the lower respiratory tract from rsv infection, only intranasal f ... | 1994 | 8091852 |
| recurrent wheezing in children with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in qatar. | records of 70 infants admitted to hamad general hospital with rsv bronchiolitis and a similar number of controls were retrospectively reviewed. two years after admission, 44% of the infants with rsv bronchiolitis developed recurrent wheezing compared with only 12.9% of controls (p = 0.001). a family history of atopy appeared not to be a significant predisposing factor for the occurrence of recurrent wheezing in post rsv bronchiolitis patients. these results are similar to those from similar stud ... | 1993 | 8131799 |
| respiratory syncytial virus vaccines: can we improve on nature? | both inactivated and live rsv candidate vaccines will continue to be tested in infants and young children. sequential vaccination, with a first dose of live attenuated vaccine followed by boosting with intramuscular subunit vaccines, also is an option. we are encouraged by the fact that influenza subunit and cold-adapted live vaccines are both safe and immunogenic in infants and children of the same age group. testing of rsv vaccines must proceed at a slower pace because of the phenomenon of vac ... | 1993 | 8139872 |
| analysis of respiratory syncytial virus f, g, and sh proteins in cell fusion. | recombinant expression of the human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion (f) glycoprotein, receptor-binding glycoprotein (g), and small hydrophobic (sh) protein was performed to determine the role(s) of these proteins in syncytia formation. these studies used a vaccinia virus expressing the bacteriophage (t7) rna polymerase gene and plasmid vectors containing the rsv genes under the control of a t7 promoter. within the context of this expression system, expression of any individual rsv gene, ... | 1994 | 8178462 |
| a chimeric glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus termed fg induces t-cell mediated immunity in mice. | popliteal lymph node cells taken from mice vaccinated with the fg glycoprotein were exposed in vitro to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigens. proliferation to fg or rsv antigens was blocked with anti-cd4 monoclonal antibody treatment. fg-vaccinated mice developed classical late delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) reactions when exposed to fg antigen in vivo. | 1991 | 1811371 |
| expression of the f glycoprotein gene from human respiratory syncytial virus in escherichia coli: mapping of a fusion inhibiting epitope. | a cdna copy of the gene encoding the entire amino acid sequence of the fusion (f) protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (strain a2) was inserted into a bacterial expression vector containing the lambda pr promoter. upon heat induction, escherichia coli cells harboring the vector produced a 45-kda peptide which reacted with rabbit polyclonal antiserum to the native f protein. expression of the f gene resulted in severe inhibition of bacterial growth, which was overcome by deletion of the d ... | 1991 | 1714666 |
| linear antigenic and immunogenic regions of the respiratory syncytial virus p protein. | three linear antigenic regions on the p protein from human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) subgroup a (strain a2) were represented by peptides that reacted with monoclonal antibodies and with sera from humans with recent or previous rsv infection. the determinants were localized within three hydrophilic regions of the p protein: pro91 to asp110, ser161 to lys180 and glu221 to phe241. the role of individual amino acids in the epitopes defined by monoclonal antibodies was determined. two monoclo ... | 1994 | 8207401 |
| [outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus at a neonatal intensive care unit in mexico city]. | rsv can be spread in hospital wards, being thus responsible for increased morbidity and mortality among infected patients. we describe an rsv outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu). methods. as soon as the first rsv cases were detected in the nicu, every patient, as well as the personnel taking care of them, were tested; nasal washes for viral isolation, and nasopharyngeal swabs for viral antigen detection by immunofluorescence, were collected. results. twelve patients were hospitaliz ... | 1993 | 8216868 |
| location of a highly conserved neutralizing epitope in the f glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus. | trypsin digestion of the purified f protein from human respiratory syncytial virus (long strain) generated a set of fragments in the amino-terminal third of the f1 subunit which contained the epitope 47f involved in neutralization. sequencing of five escape mutant viruses selected with monoclonal antibody 47f allowed us to map precisely two amino acid residues (262 and 268) of the f1 subunit which are essential for the integrity of this important epitope. the results are discussed in terms of th ... | 1990 | 1688629 |
| clinical severity of respiratory syncytial virus group a and b infection in sydney, australia. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has two major antigenic groups, a and b. there is disagreement as to whether or not there is a difference in the clinical severity of disease caused by the two rsv groups. this 3-year prospective study of infants and children with rsv-positive bronchiolitis examines the relative virulence of rsv groups a and b and assesses the role that breast-feeding may have in modifying the clinical severity of infection. clinical severity was graded i (ventilated, severe), i ... | 1993 | 8284117 |
| comparison of rapid diagnostic techniques for respiratory syncytial and influenza a virus respiratory infections in young children. | we performed virus isolation tests for respiratory viruses on combined nasal wash-throat swab specimens collected from infants and children with acute respiratory illnesses presenting to a hospital clinic during a 3-month period of concurrent epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza a virus (flu a) infections. virus isolation results were used to assess the utility of commercially available rapid diagnostic kits for these two viruses. the kits employed direct immunofluorescen ... | 1993 | 8408545 |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus protects cotton rats against human respiratory syncytial virus infection. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is the most frequent cause of severe respiratory infections in infancy. no vaccine against this virus has yet been protective, and antiviral drugs have been of limited utility. using the cotton rat model of hrsv infection, we examined bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), a cause of acute respiratory disease in young cattle, as a possible vaccine candidate to protect children against hrsv infection. cotton rats were primed intranasally with graded do ... | 1993 | 8437227 |
| purification of human respiratory syncytial virus: superiority of sucrose gradient over percoll, renografin, and metrizamide gradients. | a method was devised for producing and purifying human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) preparations with high titers. previous attempts to obtain substantial amounts of purified human respiratory syncytial virus have been unsuccessful due to the extreme lability of this virus, its close association with the host cell membrane, and its tendency to aggregate during concentration procedures. we describe a comparative study of various purification media as well as a novel approach for obtaining h ... | 1991 | 1650782 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the l gene of marburg virus, a filovirus: homologies with paramyxoviruses and rhabdoviruses. | the nucleotide sequence of the l gene of marburg virus, strain musoke, has been determined. the l gene has a single long open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 2330 amino acids (mw 267,175) that represents the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase. the putative transcription start signal (3'cuaccuauaauu 5') and the termination signal (3' uaauucuuuuu 5') of the gene could be identified. computer-assisted comparison of the l protein with l proteins of other nonsegmented negative-stranded rna vi ... | 1992 | 1546452 |
| intracellular processing of the human respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein: amino acid substitutions affecting folding, transport and cleavage. | the intracellular processing and transport of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion (f) glycoprotein was examined by comparing the maturation and stability of wild-type f, uncleaved mutant f and chimeric f glycoproteins expressed by recombinant vaccinia viruses to that of f protein expressed by rsv. one of the recombinant viruses, vf317, expressed f protein (f317) that was processed like the rsv f glycoprotein. f317 was synthesized initially as f0, the uncleaved glycosylated precursor of ... | 1992 | 1375280 |
| detection of respiratory syncytial virus by reverse transcription-pcr and hybridization with a dna enzyme immunoassay. | nasal aspirates from 238 infants hospitalized with acute respiratory infections during the winter of 1994 and 1995 were tested for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and the viral isolation technique (vit) and by two pcr and hybridization methods: reverse transcription pcr 1 (rt-pcr1), which amplifies the rnas of all rsv strains, and rt-pcr-2, which allows subgroup classification of rsv. rt-pcr-1 and rt-pcr-2 detected viral sequences in 56.7% (135 of 238) and 48. ... | 1995 | 8586738 |
| evaluation of who monoclonal antibody kit for diagnosis of acute respiratory viral infections. | in 1990 and 1991, six laboratories located in the who western pacific region (wpr) and south east asian region (sear) were selected, based on their experience in the immunofluorescence antibody technique (ifat), to participate in the evaluation of a who monoclonal antibody (mab) kit to detect respiratory syncytial (rs) virus, influenza a virus, influenza b virus, parainfluenza virus and adenovirus. despite differences in the initial standardization procedures, the who monoclonal antibodies were ... | 1995 | 8629057 |
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antibodies in different immunoglobulin classes in small children. | percent of rsv antibodies in the individual immunoglobulin classes and igg subclasses was determined by elisa and the immune response to rsv infection was evaluated in children 0-2 years of age. in the first 6 months percent of sera containing igg-rsv declined to reach minimal in the 7th-9th month, then it rose to 100% in children 2 years of age. percent of positive igm-rsv and iga-rsv gradually increased with age. the ige antibodies occurred in highest percent (20%) in the youngest children, an ... | 1994 | 7740986 |
| surface display on staphylococci: a comparative study. | two different host-vector expression systems, designed for cell surface display of heterologous receptors on staphylococcus xylosus and staphylococcus carnosus, respectively, were compared for the surface display of four variants of a 101 amino acid region derived from the g glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). surface localization of the different chimeric receptors was evaluated by a colorimetric assay and by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. it was concluded that the s. ... | 1996 | 8706888 |
| respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: clinical aspects and epidemiology. | sixty to ninety percent of the clinical syndrome of bronchiolitis is caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. rsv epidemiology has several unusual characteristics. rsv infects nearly all infants in the first year of life, with a peak incidence of hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis between 2-6 months of age. it is the only virus that causes most severe disease during the first month of life, i.e. at a time when maternal antibodies are present. lower respiratory tract infections ... | 1996 | 8766196 |
| variation in the fusion glycoprotein gene of human respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a. | six different genotypes (designated lineages shl1-6) of human respiratory syncytial (rs) virus have been defined by partial nucleotide sequence analysis of the variable sh and the hypervariable g membrane protein genes, and by restriction fragment analysis of the conserved n protein gene of viruses isolated in south birmingham. viruses of very similar genotype appear to be present worldwide at the present time. we have determined the nucleotide sequences of the fusion protein genes of five virus ... | 1995 | 8808333 |
| a model for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection based on experimental aerosol exposure with bovine rsv in calves. | five conventionally kept calves aged between 17 and 24 days were experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) by aerosol in order to mimic the natural infection route. the calves were killed and autopsies performed 7 days after the first virus challenge. the brsv isolate used induced tracheitis, bronchitis and atelectasis in infected calves. the only virus which could be isolated from the lungs of the calves was brsv. in addition, mycoplasma bovirhinis was isolated from ... | 1996 | 8814979 |
| ultrastructure of equine morbillivirus. | the ultrastructure of the equine morbillivirus (emv) which was implicated in the death of one human and fourteen horses in queensland, australia during september 1994 and a 36 year old man from queensland in october 1995 is described. the ultrastructure of the virus and the intracellular virus-specific structures are characteristic for the family paramyxoviridae. cytoplasmic nucleocapsids were observed within the infected cells monolayers, endothelial cells (lung) of infected horses and the neur ... | 1996 | 8822630 |
| rna replication by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is directed by the n, p, and l proteins; transcription also occurs under these conditions but requires rsv superinfection for efficient synthesis of full-length mrna. | previously, a cdna was constructed so that transcription by t7 rna polymerase yielded a approximately 1-kb negative-sense analog of genomic rna of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) containing the gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) under the control of putative rsv transcription motifs and flanked by the rsv genomic termini. when transfected into rsv-infected cells, this minigenome was "rescued," as evidenced by high levels of cat expression and the production of transmissible ... | 1995 | 7637014 |
| safety and pharmacokinetics of vitamin a therapy for infants with respiratory syncytial virus infections. | infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection have low serum vitamin a levels. we treated 21 respiratory syncytial virus-infected children with 12,500 to 25,000 iu of oral vitamin a. vitamin a levels were normalized at 6 h, and none of the children experienced vitamin a toxicity or exacerbation of respiratory illness. vitamin a treatment of previously healthy respiratory syncytial virus-infected infants at these doses is safe and well tolerated. | 1995 | 7625814 |
| respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in a heart transplant recipient presenting as fever of unknown origin diagnosed by gallium scan. | | 1995 | 7622401 |
| hydrophobicity engineering to facilitate surface display of heterologous gene products on staphylococcus xylosus. | protein engineering has been employed to investigate the effect of specific amino acid changes on the targeting of heterologous proteins to the outer cell surface of the gram-positive bacterium staphylococcus xylosus. three different variants, corresponding to a 101 amino acid region of the major glycoprotein (g protein) of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), were generated in which multiple hydrophobic phenylalanine residues were either substituted or deleted. the different g protein fragm ... | 1995 | 7576540 |
| respiratory syncytial virus--is it preventable? | respiratory syncytial virus infection spreads readily among hospital wards, nurseries and intensive care units. careful handwashing is the cornerstone in the prevention of nosocomial transmission. use of rapid diagnostic tests permits the cohorting of patients and staff which has been shown to limit the spread in hospital wards. in addition, the use of gowns and gloves and limiting visitors have been recommended. in the future passive immunization with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) immune gl ... | 1995 | 7560988 |
| the induction of respiratory syncytial virus-specific cytotoxic t-cell responses following immunization with a synthetic peptide containing a fusion peptide linked to a cytotoxic t lymphocyte epitope. | previously published work has shown that a cytotoxic t-cell epitope (ctl) representing residues 82-90 of the m2 protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the target for a protective response against the virus. in this report, we demonstrate that a synthetic peptide representing residues 81-95, when covalently linked to a fusion peptide derived from the conserved n-terminal 19 residues of the f1 protein of measles virus efficiently primes rsv-specific ctls in vivo following immunization wit ... | 1995 | 7558120 |
| [a potential rapid immunoperoxidase method of diagnosis in infections due to the respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza viruses and adenoviruses]. | | 1996 | 9116403 |
| isolation and characterization of a highly attenuated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine candidate by mutagenesis of the incompletely attenuated rsv a2 ts-1 ng-1 mutant virus. | ts-1, a temperature sensitive (ts) mutant of rsv, was previously derived from rsv a2 virus by mutagenesis with 5-fluorouracil (5-fu). ts-1 was attenuated for adult volunteers and seropositive children but retained a low level of virulence in seronegative infant vaccinees as indicated by the occurrence of upper respiratory tract disease. ts-1 ng-1, a more defective derivative of ts-1, was produced by mutagenesis of ts-1 with nitrosoguanidine. however, ts-1 ng-1 still retained a low level of virul ... | 1995 | 7543716 |
| phosphoprotein profile analysis of ruminant respiratory syncytial virus isolates. | to determine the apparent molecular weight for 24 ruminant respiratory syncytial viruses (rsv) on the basis of differences in the electrophoretic mobility of the phosphoprotein (p protein). | 1997 | 9140554 |
| loss of conserved cysteine residues in the attachment (g) glycoprotein of two human respiratory syncytial virus escape mutants that contain multiple a-g substitutions (hypermutations). | two escape mutants (r10c/1 and r10c/10) of the human respiratory syncytial (rs) virus long strain were selected after serial passage in the presence of monoclonal antibody c793 directed against the g glycoprotein. this antibody recognizes an epitope which is shared by all viruses of the two antigenic subgroups in which human rs virus isolates have been subdivided. the mutant viruses had lost most of the g protein conserved and subgroup-specific epitopes but maintained the strain-variable epitope ... | 1994 | 7507282 |
| determinants and kinetics of cytokine expression patterns in lungs of vaccinated mice challenged with respiratory syncytial virus. | the development of a successful respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine will be advanced by an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of natural disease and vaccine-enhanced illness. using a murine model, we have examined cytokine message expression and cytokine secretion in lungs of mice primed with killed or live antigens and challenged with rsv. stable cytokine mrna expression was achieved if the prime-challenge interval was 2 weeks. the pattern of expression of interleukin-4 (il-4) and ... | 1997 | 9178456 |
| safety and bioequivalency of three formulations of respiratory syncytial virus-enriched immunoglobulin. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes serious illness (lower respiratory illness) in preterm infants. rsv antibody-enriched immunoglobulin (rsvig) that was lyophilized (lyo) protected against rsv lower respiratory illness. the food and drug administration now requires an additional viral inactivation step (vi). we compared lyo, lyo-vi, and a more convenient liquid rsvig (liq-vi) in 30 preterm infants (median age, 7 months; median weight, 5.4 kg). infants were randomized to receive lyo (n = 10 ... | 1995 | 7793870 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: respiratory syncytial virus activity--united states, 1994-95 season. | | 1995 | 7815647 |
| [virological diagnosis and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infections]. | respiratory syncytial virus infections occur frequently in children, often localized in the upper respiratory tract. outcome is usually quite satisfactory, but in nearly one half of the infants lower tract involvement may cause severe respiratory insufficiency leading to hospitalization in about 1% of the cases. its frequency has been estimated at 20 to 30% of the viral infections in hospitalized infants, 10 times the frequency of the other respiratory virus. respiratory syncytial epidemias last ... | 1994 | 7824493 |
| analysis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus envelope glycoproteins in cell fusion. | to compare the requirements for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-mediated cell fusion, the fusion (f), attachment (g) and small hydrophobic (sh) glycoproteins of bovine rsv (brsv), ovine rsv (orsv) and human rsv (hrsv) were expressed individually or coexpressed in either homologous or heterologous combinations in hela cells, using the vaccinia virus-t7 polymerase transient expression system. cell fusion was examined by a reporter gene activation assay. although the expression of the f protein a ... | 1997 | 9266983 |
| nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections in a paediatric department. | the seasonal problem of respiratory infections in children caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is worldwide. a number of these infections are known to occur by nosocomial acquisition. in order to reduce the risk, measures, such as cohort nursing and handwashing, have been used in the paediatric department of odense university hospital for three years. in a retrospective evaluation of this routine practice the incidence of nosocomial rsv infections was recorded. the overall rate of nosoco ... | 1994 | 7911483 |
| prospects for a respiratory syncytial virus vaccine. | | 1994 | 7915433 |
| multinucleated cells formed in vitro from paget's bone marrow express viral antigens. | paget's disease of bone is characterized by large numbers of osteoclasts that have viral-like nuclear and/or cytoplasmic inclusions. pagetic osteoclasts express respiratory syncytial viral (rsv) and measles viral (mv) nucleocapsid antigens. the data suggest a possible viral etiology for paget's disease. however, studies to characterize further the putative viral inclusions in paget's osteoclasts have been severely hampered by the extreme difficulty in isolating large numbers of osteoclasts from ... | 1994 | 7917585 |
| effect of respiratory syncytial virus-antibody complexes on cytokine (il-8, il-6, tnf-alpha) release and respiratory burst in human granulocytes. | the release of interleukin-8 (il-8), il-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes (pmn) after exposure to infectious respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) particles was investigated. our data showed that pmn secreted il-8 and il-6 in a time- and rsv-dose-dependent manner. during the rsv exposure, tnf-alpha was not detected in the cell supernatant of pmn. similar amounts of il-8 were secreted after either incubation with infectious or uv-inactivated rsv ... | 1994 | 7927487 |
| rapid detection of different rna respiratory virus species by multiplex rt-pcr: application to clinical specimens. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) applied in diagnostic and epidemiologic investigations is very useful for sensitivity, specificity and time saving. | 1997 | 9406653 |
| role of antibody and the use of respiratory syncytial virus immunoglobulin in the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus disease in preterm infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the only viral respiratory pathogen that produces an annual epidemic of respiratory illness. infants with cardiac disease or infants born prematurely with or without bronchopulmonary dysplasia are at increased risk of severe rsv disease. a recently developed rsv immunoglobulin (rsvig) was studied to determine safety and efficacy in prevention of severe rsv disease in such children who are high risk for severe rsv illness. results from this prospective, blinde ... | 1994 | 8072836 |
| analysis of the bovine respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein (f) using monoclonal antibodies. | seven monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) fusion (f) protein were produced and characterized by radioimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays. these seven mabs together with the previously described mabs (beeler and van wyke coelingh, 1989) to the f protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) were used to study the antigenic variation of 12 strains of ungulate rsv. all except one mabs specific for the hrsv-f protein reacted wit ... | 1997 | 9453129 |
| efficacy of adenovirus-vectored respiratory syncytial virus vaccines in a new ferret model. | in the absence of an adequate small animal model for testing the efficacy of adenovirus-vectored respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccines, a ferret model was established for this purpose. recombinant adenovirus types 4, 5 and 7 expressing the rsv fusion glycoprotein (f), the attachment glycoprotein (g) or both f and g were constructed previously. these recombinants contain a deletion of a large portion of the e3 region of the respective adenovirus vector. in addition, an ad7(e3+)f recombinant ... | 1994 | 8085377 |
| evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv): potential for bedside diagnosis. | rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection can assist clinicians in decisions regarding antiviral therapy with ribavirin as well as instituting infection control measures. the abbott testpack rsv is a rapid rsv detection immunoassay that can be performed on respiratory secretions in 20 to 30 minutes without special laboratory equipment. the purpose of this study was to evaluate housestaff performance of the testpack rsv at bedside as compared with laboratory testing of aliquo ... | 1994 | 8190574 |
| persistence of respiratory syncytial virus genome and protein after acute bronchiolitis in guinea pigs. | children with acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis often develop sequelae of recurrent wheezing and asthma. to determine whether rsv persists within the lung after resolution of acute bronchiolitis, we examined the lungs of guinea pigs 60 days after intranasal inoculation with either human rsv (n = 10) or uninfected cell culture supernatant (n = 11). evidence of viral persistence within the lung was determined by viral culture to test for replicating virus, immunohistochemistry ... | 1994 | 8205887 |
| dynamics of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections: a longitudinal epidemiological study in dairy herds. | to study the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections during the year, the incidences of primary infections and reinfections were monitored by titrating antibodies to bovine rsv (brsv) in cattle above 2 months of age in 6 dairy herds in the netherlands. from august 1990 until september 1991, 884 cattle were sampled at one-month intervals. a total of 155 cattle, most under two years of age, had a primary antibody response. antibody rises were found in 259 cattle of all ages. t ... | 1993 | 8257292 |
| new vaccines against mucosal pathogens: rotavirus and respiratory syncytial virus. | | 1997 | 9544318 |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus nucleocapsid protein expressed in insect cells specifically interacts with the phosphoprotein and the m2 protein. | the coding region of the gene for the nucleocapsid (n) protein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus has been inserted into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) using transfer vector pvl 1393. infection of spodoptera frugiperda cells with recombinant virus resulted in the synthesis of high levels of n protein. this protein was indistinguishable from the authentic bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) n protein by sds-gel electrophoresis and immunoprecipitat ... | 1993 | 8438581 |
| interactions between cellular actin and human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv). | actin the main component of the cellular microfilament network, is present in human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) purified virions, as an internal component. this fact and the results of immunoprecipitation studies indicate that during hrsv infection in hep-2 cells there are interactions between cellular actin and viral components, that can promote a transitory increase in the polymerization of synthetized actin, mainly of the beta isotype. this increased actin polymerization can be related ... | 1998 | 9617766 |
| expression of the g glycoprotein gene of human respiratory syncytial virus in salmonella typhimurium. | the attachment protein, g, of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an m(r) 84k to 90k species which has a high content of n-linked and o-linked carbohydrates. the unglycosylated form of this protein was expressed by inserting a full-length cdna copy of the mrna from the a2 strain of rsv into a prokaryotic expression vector under the control of the lambda pl promoter. salmonella typhimurium cells transformed with the g-containing plasmid synthesized a protein of m(r) 40,000 that specificall ... | 1993 | 8445368 |
| rapid simultaneous diagnosis of infections with respiratory syncytial viruses a and b, influenza viruses a and b, and human parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 by multiplex quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-enzyme hybridization assay (hexaplex). | a multiplex quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-enzyme hybridization assay (hexaplex; prodesse, milwaukee) was developed and used to rapidly detect and quantitate rna of respiratory syncytial viruses a and b, influenza viruses a and b, and human parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 in nasal wash specimens in a single test. primers and probes originated from highly conserved regions of each viral genome. six and a half primer pairs were mixed for the simultaneous detecti ... | 1998 | 9636869 |
| the effects of virus-specific antibodies on the replication of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in vitro and on clinical disease and immune responses in lambs. | low concentrations of antibodies, specific to human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) have been shown to enhance virus replication in human monocytic cell lines by several workers. in the present study, replication of bovine rsv in ovine peripheral blood monocytes was shown to be enhanced in the presence of low concentration of bovine rsv-specific antibodies. antibodies had no enhancing effect on virus replication in secondary lamb testis cells or monocytic cell lines derived from peripheral blo ... | 1998 | 9643456 |
| [nosocomial infections due to syncytial respiratory virus: which hygienic measures]. | nosocomial respiratory tract infections due to respiratory syncytial virus are common among hospitalized children. the overall prevention is based on 3 points: prevention of person-to-person viral transmission, infection surveillance and staff education. handwashing is the main protective attitude. other measures such as gloving, gowning and wearing masks and goggles are discussed. changes in hospital organisation during epidemic periodes must also be considered. | 1996 | 8881187 |
| the effects of bovine respiratory syncytial virus on the phagocytic and antigen-presenting capacity of peripheral blood monocytes and monocytic cell lines derived from lambs and calves. | human respiratory syncytial virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) suppress lymphocyte responses to mitogens. in the present study, the possible effects of brsv on some functions of antigen-presenting cells (apc) were investigated by exposing ovine monocytic cells to the virus before their use as apc. the depletion of monocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells resulted in the near total abrogation of proliferative responses to phytohaemagglutinin (pha). reactivity was restore ... | 1998 | 9651811 |
| antigenic structure of human respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein. | new series of escape mutants of human respiratory syncytial virus were prepared with monoclonal antibodies specific for the fusion (f) protein. sequence changes selected in the escape mutants identified two new antigenic sites (v and vi) recognized by neutralizing antibodies and a group-specific site (i) in the f1 chain of the f molecule. the new epitopes, and previously identified antigenic sites, were incorporated into a refined prediction of secondary-structure motifs to generate a detailed a ... | 1998 | 9658147 |
| [respiratory syncytial virus: an important cause of influenza-like disese in the elderly]. | | 1996 | 9012077 |
| t cell subset analysis in peripheral blood of children with rsv bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is partially an immune-mediated disease in which rsv-specific t cells play a predominant role. the peripheral blood t cell response was studied in patients with rsv bronchiolitis in order to detect evidence for t cell redistribution during natural rsv infection and if so, which subsets are involved. 18 patients with rsv bronchiolitis and 13 control patients were studied. the white blood cell count, the number of t cells and t cell subsets in blood ... | 1998 | 9670363 |
| treatment of respiratory failure due to respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia with natural surfactant. | we describe two infants suffering from severe pneumonia caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and needing mechanical ventilation with both high ventilator settings and a high fraction of inspired oxygen. the severity of the respiratory failure and the possibility of decreased and/or altered surfactant production led us to treat these infants with intratracheal instillation of natural surfactant. this resulted in an improvement of lung compliance and a decrease in the amount of ox ... | 1996 | 9016476 |
| acquisition of the ts phenotype by a chemically mutagenized cold-passaged human respiratory syncytial virus vaccine candidate results from the acquisition of a single mutation in the polymerase (l) gene. | a cold-passaged (cp) temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of human respiratory syncytial virus designated rsv cpts-248 was previously derived by random chemical mutagenesis of the non-ts mutant cp-rsv that possesses one or more host range mutations. we previously demonstrated in rodents and seronegative chimpanzees that the cpts-248 virus is more attenuated than cp-rsv and is more stable genetically than previously isolated rsv ts mutants. in the present study, we determined that the acquisition of ... | 1996 | 9035372 |
| respiratory syncytial virus triggers synthesis of il-6 in balb/c mouse alveolar macrophages in the absence of virus replication. | cytokines produced by alveolar macrophages are likely involved in the regulation of the immune response arising from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. both infectious and uv-inactivated rsv were effective in inducing balb/c mouse alveolar macrophages to synthesize increased levels of il-6 mrna and secreted il-6 protein. no increase in il-1beta (either mrna or secreted protein) was observed. the augmented production of il-6 was activated by purified virus and was reduced by pretreating ... | 1997 | 9073384 |
| do microbes with peptides mimicking myelin cause multiple sclerosis if the t cell response to their unique peptides is limited? | this hypothesis for the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis is based upon assumptions about the response of the t cell repertoire to pathogens. immunologic and epidemiologic observations of several conditions suggest that activation of t cells formed in early life mediate injury to the central nervous system. early in life, selection of lymphocytes by the thymus produces a weakly autoreactive t cell repertoire which, with the help of transient maternally-derived defenses, recognizes pathogens. th ... | 1998 | 9745761 |
| twenty years of outpatient respiratory syncytial virus infection: a framework for vaccine efficacy trials. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important viral respiratory pathogen of infancy and childhood. much has been written about inpatients with severe disease. inpatients, however, represent only a minority of rsv-infected children. we studied the characteristics of symptomatic outpatient rsv infection in healthy children to gain a better understanding of rsv disease and to provide a background for the testing of intervention strategies in children without high-risk conditions. | 1997 | 9099764 |
| enhanced cytokine production by milk macrophages following infection with respiratory syncytial virus. | paired samples of milk and serum collected 3 days postpartum from 20 women were tested for the presence and level of interleukin (il)-1, il-6, il-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) by enzyme immunoassay. the expression of these cytokine mrnas in milk macrophages from eight donors were semiquantitatively analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. the effects of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection on cytokine production were dete ... | 1997 | 9129213 |