| [use of the precipitation reaction for studying viral antibodies in blood sera]. | | 1979 | 89261 |
| contribution to the study of the parainfluenza antigens. | from epidemiological data it appeared that an epidemic of parainfluenza type 1 occurred in lyons in october-november 1967. thereafter a few sporadic cases were detected. then in 1970 strains were isolated which showed a change in the hemagglutinin antigen. the persistence of antibodies in the population is shorter than that of the other parainfluenza viruses (i. e. parainfluenza 3); it is not known if reinfections with parainfluenza 1 occur since there are cross-reactions by cf test between para ... | 1975 | 165116 |
| a serologic survey of pronghorns in alberta and saskatchewan, 1970-1972. | to determine the exposure of free-ranging pronghorns (antilocapra americana ord) to selected pathogens, serum samples were obtained from 33 live-trapped animals from southwestern saskatchewan in 1970, and from 26 and 51 animals from southeastern alberta, in 1971 and 1972, respectively. antibodies were found to the agents of parainfluenza 3, bovine virus diarrhea, eastern and western encephalomyelitis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and the chlamydial group. no serologic reactors were found to ... | 1975 | 167203 |
| clinical and immunologic responses of calves with colostrally acquired maternal antibody against parainfluenza-3 virus to homologous viral infection. | exposure of colostrum-deprived calves and calves with colostrally acquired maternal antibody to aerosols of parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus resulted in signs of infection, leukopenia, and shedding of virus from the nasal passages. however, infection was not as severe in calves with colostrally acquired maternal antibody as it was in colostrum-deprived calves which did not have antibody to pi-3 virus before they were exposed. all calves responded immunologically to pi-3 virus, as indicated by resist ... | 1975 | 168795 |
| in vitro and in vivo effect of 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (ribavirin) on types 1 and 3 parainfulenza virus infections. | 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (ribavirin) had significant in vitro activity against type 1 parainfluenza (sendai) and type 3 parainogenic (ha-1) viruses. activity was manifested as inhibition of both viral cytopathogenic effect and of recoverable virus or viral hemagglutinin titer. the minimum sendai virus inhibitory concentration was determined to be approximately 3.2 mug/ml. previous studies had determined the minimum concentration inhibiting ha-1 virus was approximately ... | 1975 | 169109 |
| effect of 2-deoxy-d-glucose and glucosamine on the growth and functions of respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza 3 viruses. | | 1975 | 169626 |
| [virological studies on insemination bulls in hessia. 2; studies on antibodies against bvd and pi-3 virus]. | | 1975 | 169805 |
| measurement of parainfluenza-3 virus antibody by the single radial hemolysis technique. | a single radial hemolysis assay for parainfluenza-3 virus antibody is described as a simple, sensitive, accurate, and precise alternative to hemagglutination inhibition and serum neutralization tests. a highly significant correlation exists between single radial hemolysis zone areas and hemagglutination inhibition titers of both serum and nasal secretion samples. antibody conversions equivalent to as little as a twofold rise in hemagglutination inhibition titer are readily and reliably detected ... | 1975 | 170317 |
| the response of normal and iron anemic calves to nasal infection with an attenuated strain of parainfluenza-3 virus. | | 1975 | 170811 |
| detection of bovine viruses in fetal bovine serum used in cell culture. | this investigation employed a viral screening method detect endogenous bovine virus contaminants in commercially supplied fetal bovine serum. fifty-one lots of fetal bovine serum from 14 suppliers were examined. over 30% of the lots tested were found to contain bovine viruses; they included bovine virus diarrhea virus, parainfluenza type3-like virus, bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine enterovirus type 4, and an unidentified cytopathogenic agent. of the 51 lots, 20 had been pretested by the suppliers ... | 1975 | 172434 |
| synthesis of 5-amino-1-(5-deoxy-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide and related 5'-deoxyimidazole ribonucleosides. | 5-amino-1-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (1, aica ribonucleoside) was converted in two steps to 5-amino-1-(5-deoxy-5-iodo-2,3-o-isopropylidene-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (3) which was hydrogenated in the presence of pd/c to yield 5-amino-1-(5-deoxy-2,3-o-isopropylidene-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (4). the dehydration of 4 yielded 5-amino-1-(5-deoxy-2,3-o-isopropylidene-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carbonitrile (7). the compounds 3, 4, and 7 w ... | 1975 | 172632 |
| [respiratory tract infections of viral origin in infants. examination of 103 serum pairs in autumn and following spring]. | in autumn 1973 und about four months later in spring 1974 blood samples were taken from the same 103 children aged from a few months to five years and coming from different parts of bavaria. we examined the samples for complement-fixing antibodies against the influenza virus types a, b and c, the parainfluenza virus types 1, 2 and 3, the adenoviruses and the respiratory-syncytial virus, and for neutralising antibodies against the echo virus type 25. at the commencement of the investigation the m ... | 1975 | 172769 |
| inhibition of multiplication of parainfluenza 3 virus in prostaglandin-treated wish cells. | influence of prostaglandins e2 (pge2) and f2alpha (pgf 2alpha) on multiplication of myxovirus parainfluenza 3 was investigated. at concentrations of 0.01--1 mug/ml prostaglandins had no direct cytotoxic effects. pge2 and pgf2alpha inhibited multiplication of parainfluenza 3 virus at concentrations 0.1--10 mug/ml. the inhibitory effect was most pronounced when the prostaglandins were added to medium for the whole period of virus multiplication (48 hours) while little or no effect was found when p ... | 1975 | 174532 |
| elevated nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction test response in acute viral respiratory disease. | | 1976 | 180486 |
| maternal immunoglobulins and parainfluenza 3 virus inhibitors in the nasal and lachrymal secretions and serum of newborn lambs. | concentrations of igg, igm and iga were measured in the serum, nasal secretions and lachrymal secretions of suckled newborn lambs. the major immunoglobulin constituent of precolostral serum was igm. maternal immunoglobulins, of which igg was predominant, reached peak values on day 1 of life and then declined over the next 3 weeks. half lives were calculated as: igg, 13-7 days; igm, 4-1 days; and iga 1-8 days. no immunoglobulin was detectable in nasal or lachrymal secretions prior to sucking but ... | 1976 | 181185 |
| the assessment in sheep of an inactivated vaccine of parainfluenza 3 virus incorporating double stranded rna (brl 5907) as adjuvant. | the serological responses of conventionally reared sheep were compared after vaccination with inactivated parainfluenza 3 (pi3) virus incorporated in three different adjuvants. inactivated pi3 virus with the double-stranded rna, brl 5907 in an oil emulsion was shown to stimulate higher serum antibody titres over the first 5 weeks after vaccination than virus with and without bcg emulsified in oil. the ability of this vaccine to protect specific pathogen-free lambs against challenge with pi3 viru ... | 1976 | 185290 |
| encephalolopathies in cattle in tasmania. | five central nervous diseases are described and their relationships to previously recorded conditions are discussed. the conditions are congenital inclusion-body encephalopathy probably caused by a paramyxovirus infection, idiopathic neuraxial oedema of a newborn calf, focal symmetrical encephalomalacia of a young calf, yacca (xanthorrhoea spp) poisoning of adult cattle leading to spinal demyelination, and focal demyelination and neuropathy in an adult cow. | 1976 | 186002 |
| [interaction of beta-hemolytic streptococcus and para-influenza virus]. | | 1976 | 187909 |
| elevated parainfluenza virus type 1 antibody in patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. | parainfluenza virus hemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibodies were determined 3 times in the sera of 9 patients with subacute sclerosiing panencephalitis (sspe) and 20 healthy controls matched for age and place of residence. serum antibody against parainfluenza virus type 1 was significantly elevated in sspe patients as compared with controls, whereas antibodies against type 2 and 3 were found to be in normal ranges. higher titres of parainfluenza virus type 1 antibody might depend on: (1) dua ... | 1977 | 188993 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of certain thiazole c-nucleosides. | a general reaction of glycosyl cyanides with liquid hydrogen sulfide in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine to provide the corresponding glycosylthiocarboxamides is described. these glycosylthiocarboxamides were utilized as the precursors for the synthesis of 2-d-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide and 2-beta-d-ribofuranosylthiazole-5-carboxamide (23). the structural modification of 2-beta-d-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide (12) into 2-(2,3,5-tri-o-acetyl-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)thiazole-4-c ... | 1977 | 189032 |
| viruses isolated from captive and free-ranging wild ruminants in alberta. | nasal secretions, leukocytes and preputial or vaginal swabs from a group of 15 captive wild ruminants, comprising six pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana), seven fallow deer (dama dama) and two mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), and from 50 free-ranging pronghorns in southern alberta, were examined for viral agents. captive animals were given injections of dexamethasone daily for 6 days in attempts to reactivate latent infections. specimens were collected at 2-3 day intervals from days 0 to ... | 1977 | 190422 |
| in vitro stimulation of bovine circulating lymphocytes by parainfluenza type 3 virus. | bovine circulating lymphocytes from animals sero-positive to parainfluenza-3 virus (piv-3) could be stimulated by piv-3 antigen in a microculture system. a semiautomatic multiple sample harvester was used to collect the lymphocytes from the microplates. ultraviolet-killed piv-3 induced better stimulation values than formalin or heat-treated virus. the highest stimulation values were obtained after a stimulation time of three to five days. | 1977 | 190660 |
| model systems for studying the pathogenesis of infections causing bronchiolitis in man. | | 1977 | 191787 |
| importance of associated viral and bacterial infections in the production of acute pneumonias. | bacteriologic and virologic investigations carried out in a group of 85 patients with acute pneumonia have allowed the determination of the etiologic agent in 52.9% of the cases. of these, 40% showed combined viral and bacterial infections. mixovirus infections were frequently associated with staphylococcic ones (7 out of 8 cases) and adenovirus infections with the pneumococcic ones (6 out of 7 cases). the most severe and longdrawn clinical pictures with frequent pleuropulmonary complications (i ... | 1976 | 191900 |
| immunoglobulins in the serum and nasal secretions of lambs following vaccination and aerosol challenge with parainfluenza 3 virus. | serial changes in the concentrations of igm, igg and iga were compared in specific pathogen free (spf) lambs which had been vaccinated with live or inactivated parainfluenza 3 virus (pi 3) by either intramuscular (im) or intranasal (in) routes followed by aerosol challenge with pi 3. in the serum, an increase in igm was associated with the primary antibody response to the aerosol challenge, whereas increased igg was associated with the secondary antibody response. no changes in immunoglobulin co ... | 1976 | 193171 |
| components of parainfluenza-3 virus, slp-strain, reacting in assays of cell-mediated immunity in cattle. | parainfluenza-3 virus was isolated by affinity chromatography, including a purification step with immobilized lectin vicia erwilia. the peplomers of disintegrated virus were similarily isolated using another carbohydrate-specific lectin vicia crotalaria. the whole virion and the peplomers were both active as antigens in the leucocyte migration inhibition, lymphocyte stimulation and skin hypersensitivity tests. the remaining virus material, freed of detergents used for virus disintegration and co ... | 1977 | 194552 |
| [clinical and immunopathological studies of viral nephritis]. | | 1977 | 199763 |
| investigation of causative agents of bovine respiratory tract disease in a beef cow-calf herd with an early weaning program. | serum samples were collected from early weaned fall calves shortly after the onset of respiratory tract disease. antibody titers to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus, parainfluenza type 3 (pi-3) virus, bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus, bovine adenovirus type 3 (bav-3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) were determined on paired (acute and convalescent) serums. seroconversion rate (a fourfold or greater rise in antibody titer) for ibr virus was 4.3%, pi-3 virus--16.3%, bv ... | 1977 | 201196 |
| [detection of the parainfluenza virus in respiratory pathology in lambs]. | | 1978 | 204101 |
| immunologic "memory" for microbial antigens in lymphocytes obtained from human bronchial mucosa. | memory for previous immunologic contact with microbial antigens has been detected in lymphocytes from human bronchi as a secondary immune response, when tested in vitro. antigens stimulated a predominantly proliferative response in blood lymphocytes that was significantly greater than the response in mucosal lymphocytes with purified protein derivative and herpes simplex type 1 antigens. co-culture experiments with autologous blood lymphocytes showed that cell-dependent suppression was one mecha ... | 1978 | 204236 |
| an inactivated parainfluenza virus type 3 vaccine: the influence of vaccination regime on the response of calves and their subsequent resistance to challenge. | calves maintained in insolated pens were vaccinated with an inactivated parainfluenza virus type (3) (pi3) vaccine usingparenteral and local route singly and in combination. the calves were subsequently monitored for serum antibody response and challenged intranasally with live virus to assess the protection derived from vaccination. calves receiving one subcutaneous dose of vaccine in oil adjuvant produced a marked antibody response and were partially protected against challenge. those receivin ... | 1978 | 206935 |
| experimental infection of specific pathogen-free lambs with parainfluenza virus type 3 and pasteurella haemolytica. | | 1978 | 207749 |
| ovine pneumonia. | | 1978 | 210432 |
| fatal rhabdomyolysis associated with parainfluenza type 3 infection. | | 1978 | 213404 |
| giant-cell pneumonia caused by parainfluenza virus. | | 1979 | 217981 |
| [experimental model of associated influenza-para-influenza infection]. | an experimental model of associated influenza-parainfluenza infection has been developed. simultaneous inoculation of mice with influenza a2/21/65 and parainfluenza type 3 or inoculation with these viruses at an interval of 24 hours was shown to produce a considerably more severe disease as manifested by the development of severe confluent pneumonias involving both lungs and death of the inoculated animals. the animals with the associated infection showed no significant difference in antibody ti ... | 1978 | 219615 |
| serological evidence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine virus diarrhoea and parainfluenza-3 viruses in calves in el salvador. | | 1979 | 223256 |
| pulmonary cell-mediated cytotoxicity in hamsters with parainfluenza virus type 3 pneumonia. | a 51cr-release cytotoxic assay in vitro was developed to permit definition of the role of local pulmonary cell-mediated immunity in the recovery phase of experimental parainfluenza virus type 3 pneumonia in the syrian hamster. cytotoxic effector cells were obtained by bronchalveolar lavage; virus-infected targets were syngeneic secondary hamster kidney cells. maximal target-cell killing was mediated by lung lavage cells obtained one week after infection; the response waned rapidly thereafter. th ... | 1979 | 223482 |
| characterization of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3. | bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) has a buoyant density of 1.197. the rna of piv-3, like that of sendai virus, is a single continuous chain which lacks polyadenylic acid sequences and tends to self-anneal to a marked extent. it has a sedimentation coefficient of 42s and a molecular weight of 4.5 x 10(6), being slightly smaller than sendai virus rna (47s, 5.3 x 10(6)). piv-3 has 5 main structural proteins, of which 2 are glycoproteins. the molecular weights of protein 1, protein 2, protei ... | 1979 | 228163 |
| the experimental production of pneumonia in calves by intranasal inoculation of parainfluenza type iii virus. | thirteen colostrum deprived calves were inoculated with a low passage field strain of parainfluenza type iii (pi 3) virus. virus was administered by the intranasal route and the calves were experimentally infected twice daily for four consecutive days. clinical signs of respiratory disease were noted and pneumonia was present in 12 animals at necropsy. pi 3 virus was isolated from the lung lesions and no other respiratory pathogens could be demonstrated. the pneumonic lesions grossly, histologic ... | 1979 | 231340 |
| [research on substances with antiviral activity. x. 1-substituted-2-(methylamino) naphtho/2,1-b/furan hydrochlorides]. | some 2-(methylamino)naphtho [2,1-b] furans hydrochlorides 1-substituted were synthetized and investigates for antiviral activity in vitro against herpes simplex virus type i (vhs-i) and parainfluenza virus type 3 ha-i/cr-8 stock. | 1979 | 233363 |
| isolation of parainfluenza virus type 3 from cerebrospinal fluid. | | 1992 | 1316416 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of the js strain of human parainfluenza virus type 3: comparison with the wash/47885/57 prototype strain. | the nucleotide sequence of the js strain of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) was determined from a series of 14 overlapping cdna clones and was compared to that of the previously sequenced prototype piv3 strain, wash/47885/57 (galinski, 1991). overall, there were 630 (4%) nucleotide differences between the two viruses. 15462 nucleotides comprised the js genome in contrast to 15463 which constituted the genome of the prototype virus. this was accounted for by a single nucleotide deletion i ... | 1992 | 1329377 |
| [the effect of influenza and para-influenza on the course of ischemic heart disease]. | a retrospective analysis was made of 541 case reports of patients with coronary heart disease admitted to the infectious department with the diagnosis of influenza (n-387) and parainfluenza (n-154). in all the patients, the diagnosis was verified serologically with the aid of the hemagglutination inhibition test, with a 4-fold and greater increase of the antibody titer in the serum. in part of the patients, it was confirmed by the above test combined with immunofluorescence in examining rhinopha ... | 1992 | 1332205 |
| virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs in vivo: study of broncho-alveolar cell number and activity. | recently, we demonstrated that an increased airway responsiveness in vitro can be measured 4, 8, and 16 days, but not 2 days, after intratracheal inoculation of parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus to guinea pigs. in the present study airway responsiveness was measured in vivo, and the number, types and activity of broncho-alveolar cells was determined. a significant increase in airflow resistance was measured in spontaneously breathing anesthetized guinea pigs in response to histamine and methacholine, ... | 1992 | 1335883 |
| [the improvement of the immunodiagnosis of para-influenza infection based on erythrocyte reagents]. | study of different methods of hemosensitization helped detect the optimum technology for the preparation of parainfluenza (type 3) antigenic erythrocyte diagnosticum. this technology ensures the highest sensitivity, specificity, economy (with respect to viral antigen consumption) and stability of the reagent. titration of antibodies by means of the new diagnosticum and the detection of parainfluenza cases among children with acute respiratory virus infections, acute and chronic glomerulonephriti ... | 1992 | 1379772 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the l gene of marburg virus, a filovirus: homologies with paramyxoviruses and rhabdoviruses. | the nucleotide sequence of the l gene of marburg virus, strain musoke, has been determined. the l gene has a single long open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 2330 amino acids (mw 267,175) that represents the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase. the putative transcription start signal (3'cuaccuauaauu 5') and the termination signal (3' uaauucuuuuu 5') of the gene could be identified. computer-assisted comparison of the l protein with l proteins of other nonsegmented negative-stranded rna vi ... | 1992 | 1546452 |
| biological activity of paramyxovirus fusion proteins: factors influencing formation of syncytia. | the fusion (f) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoproteins of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) were expressed individually or coexpressed in cv-1 cells by using sv40-based vectors and recombinant vaccinia viruses. the extent of detectable fusion in a syncytium formation assay was found to be affected by the expression system used. in addition, when hn was coexpressed with f, it was found that the expression vector system influenced the contribution of hn in forming syncytia. the abi ... | 1992 | 1602561 |
| properties of human parainfluenza virus type 3 rna polymerase/replicase activity in vitro: consensus with other negative-stranded rna viruses. | a cell-free system supporting transcription, replication, and nucleocapsid assembly of the genome rna of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpf3) is described. cytoplasmic extracts from infected cv-1 or bhk cells catalyzed the transcription of the entire hpf3 genome, the replication of genome rna, and the assembly of this rna into nucleocapsidlike structures. newly replicated rna was resistant to micrococcal nuclease digestion and was stable in cscl gradients, exhibiting the density of authentic ... | 1991 | 1649342 |
| replication of parainfluenza type-3 virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus in isolated bovine type-ii alveolar epithelial cells. | the objectives of our research were to determine whether bovine pulmonary type-ii alveolar epithelial cells could be isolated from bovine lung and maintained in tissue culture and to determine whether isolated bovine type-ii alveolar epithelial cells would support productive viral replication of bovine parainfluenza type-3 virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus. type-ii alveolar epithelial cells were isolated from lungs of 4- to 7-day-old male holstein calves by enzymatic dissociation of p ... | 1991 | 1652906 |
| protection of cotton rats by immunization with the human parainfluenza virus type 3 fusion (f) glycoprotein expressed on the surface of insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus. | the antigenicity, immunogenicity and efficacy of the human piv3 fusion (f) glycoprotein expressed in insect cells by a baculovirus vector were studied. the results indicate that the piv3 f glycoprotein expressed by a recombinant baculovirus is antigenically authentic as determined using a panel of piv3 f specific monoclonal antibodies. only a low level of antibody was stimulated by immunization of animals with infected cells, but the antibody appeared to be of high quality. immunized animals wer ... | 1991 | 1659054 |
| effects of 4-ipomeanol on bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus-induced pneumonia in calves. | previous research has demonstrated that 4-ipomeanol toxicosis can enhance the severity of para-influenza virus-induced pneumonia in mice. the objectives of this study were to determine whether calves are susceptible to 4-ipomeanol-induced enhancement of parainfluenza type 3 viral pneumonia and to determine whether 4-ipomeanol alters pulmonary replication of parainfluenza virus. male holstein calves were injected with either 4-ipomeanol (3 mg/kg) or vehicle (polyethylene glycol) 3 days prior to i ... | 1991 | 1661042 |
| congenital hydrocephalus in suckling hamsters caused by transplacental infection with parainfluenza virus type 3. | the possible occurrence of congenital hydrocephalus by viral infection of the mother was examined by inoculating pregnant hamsters intravenously with parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3). we could produce congenital hydrocephalus in littermates born to a mother which had been inoculated into the left cervical vein on the 14th day of pregnancy. this result may indicate that the virus could pass through the placenta to arrive at the fetus, and infect the central nervous system. | 1991 | 1664659 |
| effects of zinc methionine and zinc oxide on performance, blood characteristics, and antibody titer response to viral vaccination in stressed feeder calves. | ninety steers with an average weight of 214 kg were purchased at 2 feeder calf sales and transported 70 to 100 km. on arrival at the feedlot, steers were weighed and identified, blood was withdrawn, and the steers were vaccinated against bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) and parainfluenza3 (pi3), using a modified live vaccine, and randomly assigned to treatment groups. treatments were: control (no supplemental zinc; zinc methionine; and zinc oxide. the control diet contained 26 mg of zinc/kg diet, an ... | 1991 | 1667527 |
| longitudinal study of acute respiratory diseases in rio de janeiro: occurrence of respiratory viruses during four consecutive years. | the occurrence of different viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions from children less than 5 years old with acute respiratory infections (ari) was investigated over a period of 4 years (1982-1985) in rio de janeiro. of the viruses known to be associated with ari, all but influenza c and parainfluenza types 1, 2 and 4 were found. viruses were found more frequently in children attending emergency or pediatric wards than in outpatients. this was clearly related to the high incidence of respiratory sy ... | 1991 | 1668974 |
| viral rna and protein synthesis in two llc-mk2 cell lines persistently infected with human parainfluenza virus 3. | two lines of llc-mk2 cells persistently infected with human parainfluenza virus 3 (hpiv-3) have been maintained in culture for approximately 3 years. subgenomic rnas (putative defective interfering particle genomes) were detected in virions released from both persistently infected cultures. in one of the persistently infected cell lines cyclic variation in the production of virions containing standard virus genomic-size (50s) rna and subgenomic rna was observed. the molar ratio of subgenomic rna ... | 1990 | 1693460 |
| homooligomerization of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of human parainfluenza virus type 3 occurs before the acquisition of correct intramolecular disulfide bonds and mature immunoreactivity. | the posttranslational maturation of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein of human parainfluenza type 3 virus (piv3) was investigated in pulse-chase experiments in which folding was monitored by immunoprecipitation with conformation-dependent antibodies and gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions and oligomerization was monitored by chemical cross-linking and sedimentation in sucrose gradients. the acquisition of mature immunoreactivity and the formation of correct intramole ... | 1991 | 1707981 |
| pathogenesis of human parainfluenza virus 3 infection in two species of cotton rats: sigmodon hispidus develops bronchiolitis, while sigmodon fulviventer develops interstitial pneumonia. | human parainfluenza virus 3 replicates well in the noses and lungs of two species of cotton rats, sigmodon hispidus and sigmodon fulviventer. peak viral titers of nearly 10(6) pfu/g are reached 2 days after infection in both tissues, are maintained through day 5, and are equivalent in the two species. infectious virus is eliminated by day 8 after infection. both species produce a strong neutralizing antibody response with titers of 1:10,000 4 weeks after infection. viral replication in the nasal ... | 1991 | 1845878 |
| numerous transitions in human parainfluenza virus 3 rna recovered from persistently infected cells. | the nucleotide sequences at the 3'-termini of human parainfluenza virus 3 (hpiv3) genomic rnas recovered from two lines of persistently infected llc-mk2 cells were determined following pcr amplification. after 29 months of persistence the 3'-end of the hpiv3 genome was found to be highly mutated. interestingly, the only types of nucleotide changes observed were u to c and a to g transitions. both u to c and a to g transitions were present on individual rna molecules. the data indicate that biase ... | 1991 | 1849685 |
| infection of cultured human tracheal epithelial cells by human parainfluenza virus types 2 and 3. | despite growing information of the effects of human respiratory virus infection on airway physiology, little information is available on the mechanisms of pathology and pathophysiology in these infections. the human respiratory pathogens, parainfluenza virus types 2 and 3 (hpiv2, hpiv3, respectively), clinically cause laryngotracheobronchitis (infection of the large proximal airways). in order to examine the pathobiology of these viruses in airway cells of human origin, we exposed primary cultur ... | 1991 | 1849915 |
| fusion properties of cells persistently infected with human parainfluenza virus type 3: participation of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase in membrane fusion. | cells persistently infected with human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpf3) exhibit a novel phenotype. they are completely resistant to fusion with each other but readily fuse with uninfected cells. we demonstrate that the inability of these cells to fuse with each other is due to a lack of cell surface neuraminic acid. neuraminic acid is the receptor for the hpf3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein, the molecule responsible for binding of the virus to cell surfaces. uninfected cv-1 cells ... | 1991 | 1851852 |
| evaluation of the toxicity and antiviral activity of carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine against respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza type 3 viruses in tissue culture and in cotton rats. | the toxicity and antiviral efficacy of carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine (cc3ado) against respiratory syncytial (rsv) and parainfluenza type 3 (piv3) virus infections were tested in tissue culture and in cotton rats. the mean median efficacious dose (ed50) of cc3ado in hep2 cells against rsv and piv3 was 9 and 14 micrograms/ml, respectively. these values were 85- and 55-fold less than the median inhibitory (toxic) dose (id50) of cc3ado in this cell line (750 micrograms/ml), and similar to values obta ... | 1990 | 1965109 |
| [the incidence of exacerbations in chronic diseases in patients hospitalized with influenza and para-influenza]. | a retrospective analysis was made of the case reports of 829 patients admitted to the infectious department with a diagnosis of influenza (592) and parainfluenza (237). in all the patients, the diagnosis was supported serologically with the aid of the hemagglutination inhibition test, with the antibody titer in the serum rising 4-fold and more. in part of the patients the indicated test was used in combination with the immunofluorescence test in studying nasopharyngeal smears, whereas in part of ... | 1990 | 1965617 |
| analysis of bovine parainfluenza-3 virus replication in bovine embryonic lung cells by indirect fluorescent antibody and hemadsorption assays. | the temporal manifestation of bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (bpi3v) proteins in the cytoplasm and on the surface of bovine embryonic lung (bel) cells was characterized by indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) and hemadsorption (had) assays. intracellular proteins appeared earliest at 0.5 h post inoculation (p.i.) and the infection spread to virtually all cells by 48 h p.i. viral proteins on the surface of cells were seen first at 16 h p.i., and by 48 h p.i. the entire cell monolayer was ifa positiv ... | 1990 | 2155247 |
| recombinant human interferon. | | 1990 | 2155502 |
| intracellular processing and transport of nh2-terminally truncated forms of a hemagglutinin-neuraminidase type ii glycoprotein. | six amino-terminal deletion mutants of the nh2-terminally anchored (type ii orientation) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein of parainfluenza virus type 3 were expressed in tissue culture by recombinant sv-40 viruses. the mutations consisted of progressive deletions of the cytoplasmic domain and, in some cases, of the hydrophobic signal/anchor. three activities were dissociated for the signal/anchor: membrane insertion, translocation, and anchoring/transport. hn protein lacking the entire c ... | 1990 | 2164031 |
| parainfluenza-3 infection of the guinea pig airways induces respiratory airway hyperreactivity in vitro. | guinea pigs were inoculated intra-tracheally with bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus (pi-3) to investigate airway responsiveness to histamine and arecoline in vitro. two days after saline or pi-3 inoculation no difference in the reactivity of the tracheal spirals was observed after cumulative concentration/response curves with both drugs. similarly, contractions of parenchymal strips, induced by histamine, did not differ between both groups. however, 4 days after pi-3 inoculation the histamine in ... | 1990 | 2164762 |
| [a morphological study of pneumopathies caused by associated para-influenza and influenza viruses]. | histological examination of lungs collected from mice inoculated with influenza a/pr 8/34 (h0n0) and/or parainfluenza type 3 viruses revealed the existence of lymphohistiocytic interstitial bronchopneumonia lesions. necrosis zones were found in the lungs of influenza virus infected animals. associated infection by the two viruses induced also the fibroblast and fibrocyte proliferation, at same average ratios. | 1990 | 2176531 |
| antigenic variation in the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of human parainfluenza type 3 virus. | sixteen monoclonal antibodies directed to the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein of a 1957 isolate of parainfluenza type 3 virus (piv3) were produced and used to examine antigenic variation in clinical strains. analysis of hemagglutination-inhibition reactivity patterns of antigenic variants selected in vitro in the presence of monoclonal antibodies indicated that there were a minimum of six distinct epitopes detectable on the hn molecule. competitive-binding assays indicated that these ep ... | 1985 | 2414910 |
| characterization of four parainfluenza virus type 3 proteins by use of monoclonal antibodies. | monoclonal antibodies directed against four structural components of the atcc strain c243 of parainfluenza virus type 3 were produced. the specific reaction of the antibodies with individual structural components was determined by radioimmune precipitation assay. in the collection of monoclonal antibodies, 21 reacted with the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein (mol. wt. 72,000), eight with the fusion (f) glycoprotein (mol. wt. 64,000), 27 with the nucleocapsid (np) protein (mol. wt. ... | 1986 | 2426392 |
| antigenic and structural properties of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of human parainfluenza virus type 3: sequence analysis of variants selected with monoclonal antibodies which inhibit infectivity, hemagglutination, and neuraminidase activities. | the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) gene sequence was determined for 16 antigenic variants of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3). the variants were selected by using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the hn protein which inhibit neuraminidase, hemagglutination, or both activities. each variant had a single-point mutation in the hn gene, coding for a single amino acid substitution in the hn protein. operational and topographic maps of the hn protein correlated well with the relative positions ... | 1987 | 2437318 |
| [study of the multiplication in cell cultures of two strains of para-influenza virus type 3. iii. multiplication in bhk 21 cells]. | study was conducted on the multiplication of two strains (c243 and d) of parainfluenza virus type 3 in bhk 21 cells. multiplication curve of the virus was established and immunohistochemical aspects of the process were investigated. chronological study of successive steps of the formation and development of viral components allowed to see that the virus multiplication rate is low in this cell system. the parainfluenza antigen became detectable by immunofluorescence in the infected cell perinucle ... | 1987 | 2444030 |
| presence of an anti-viral factor in peritoneal dialysis effluent. | viral peritonitis is an exceptionally rare occurrence in peritoneal dialysis. in fact, up to now, only one case report has been documented in the literature. in a prospective study, peritoneal dialysis effluent (pde) was specifically cultured for the following viruses: the herpes group of viruses, including herpes simplex types i (hsv) and ii, cytomegalovirus (cmv) and varicella-zoster (v-z), and the enteroviruses group including coxsackie b-5 (cox b), echo, enterovirus and polio. cultures were ... | 1989 | 2476580 |
| effects of bovine respiratory disease viruses and isoprinosine on bovine leukocyte function in vitro. | peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 4- to 6-month-old-calves were inoculated in vitro with bovine herpesvirus-1, parainfluenza-3, or bovine virus diarrhea viruses. no increase in infectious virus progeny was observed; however, the viruses were detected in the cells for at least 96 h post-infection without any significant reduction in cell viability. the three viruses, either alone or in combination, suppressed phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferation of the mononuclear cells. the gr ... | 1989 | 2477940 |
| defective transport of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of bovine parainfluenza-3 virus in interferon treated cell. | a defective transport of bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (pi-3v) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein was evidenced in interferon (ifn)-treated bovine turbinate (btu) cells. indirect immunofluorescence performed with monoclonal antibody to pi-3 hn glycoprotein demonstrated accumulation of this protein in the perinuclear cytoplasm of ifn-treated cells. untreated, infected control cells had a generalized widespread fluorescence. unfixed control cells showed a uniform surface fluorescence in ... | 1989 | 2482015 |
| reversal of virus-induced alveolar macrophage bactericidal dysfunction by cyclooxygenase inhibition in vitro. | virus infection of alveolar macrophages (am) both in vivo and in vitro has been associated with a decreased ability of these cells to kill bacteria, together with enhanced production of metabolites of arachidonic acid. these metabolites, especially pge2, may be inhibitory to some phagocyte functions. primary cultures of bovine am obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage of normal cattle were infected in vitro with parainfluenza-3 (pi3 virus) virus. killing of staphylococcus epidermidis by am was deter ... | 1989 | 2539425 |
| analysis of the in vitro antiviral activity of certain ribonucleosides against parainfluenza virus using a novel computer aided receptor modeling procedure. | the in vitro antiviral activity of 28 nucleosides against the parainfluenza virus type 3 has been analyzed by using a novel computer aided receptor modeling procedure. the method involves an extensive modification of our earlier work (ghose, a. k.; crippen, g. m. j. med. chem. 1985, 28, 333). it presents a more straightforward algorithm for the steps that suffered from subjectivity in the earlier method. the method first determines the possible low-energy conformations of the nucleosides, and as ... | 1989 | 2539476 |
| efficacy of viral components of a nonabortigenic combination vaccine for prevention of respiratory and reproductive system diseases in cattle. | efficacy and safety of components of an im-administered vaccine for prevention of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv), parainfluenza type-3 (pi-3) virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections and campylobacteriosis and leptospirosis were evaluated in cattle, including calves and pregnant cows. challenge of immunity tests were conducted in calves for ibrv, pi-3 virus, or bvdv vaccinal components. all inoculated calves developed serum-neutr ... | 1989 | 2542202 |
| synthesis of 3-deazaneplanocin a, a powerful inhibitor of s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase with potent and selective in vitro and in vivo antiviral activities. | the neplanocin a analogue 3-deazaneplanocin a (2b) has been synthesized. a direct sn2 displacement on the cyclopentenyl mesylate 3 by the sodium salt of 6-chloro-3-deazapurine afforded the desired regioisomer 4 as the major product. after deprotection, this material was converted to 3-deazaneplanocin a in two steps. x-ray crystallographic analysis confirmed the assigned structure. consistent with its potent inhibition of s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, 3-deazaneplanocin a displayed excellent a ... | 1989 | 2544721 |
| association of parainfluenza virus type 3 infection with allograft rejection in a liver transplant recipient. | | 1989 | 2549495 |
| cell lines for growth of sheep viruses. | | 1989 | 2549933 |
| parainfluenza 3 vaccination of sheep. | outbreaks of pneumonia associated with pasteurella haemolytica have occurred in sheep in the area of perthshire served by this practice, and on some farms the disease has been an important annual cause of loss. serological evidence was obtained that parainfluenza 3 (pi3) virus might be implicated as a predisposing factor to pasteurellosis. a live attenuated pi3 virus vaccine licensed for use in cattle was given intranasally to ewes on one farm. many sheep seroconverted and outbreaks of pneumonia ... | 1989 | 2556831 |
| studies of the effect of recombinant human-alpha 1 interferon on experimental parainfluenza type 3 virus infections of the respiratory tract of calves. | the effect of the administration of recombinant human interferon on the severity of clinical disease and the extent of pneumonic lesions in calves infected experimentally with bovine parainfluenza 3 (pi3) virus was studied in two experiments. in the first, three pairs of calves aged seven to 10 days were used; one of each pair was injected intramuscularly with 10(6) units of interferon/kg bodyweight for three consecutive days, and the other was left untreated. on the day after the first injectio ... | 1989 | 2559530 |
| an evaluation of four serological tests for the detection of antibodies to bovine parainfluenza virus type 3. | haemagglutination-inhibition (hi), virus neutralization (vn), haemolysis-inhibition (hli-1, hli-2) tests, and two new haemofusion-inhibition (hfi-1, hfi-2) tests, developed by us, were tested for the detection of antibodies to bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv-3) in sera of 45 steers randomly selected from a herd naturally infected by bpiv-3. twelve seronegative animals were then vaccinated with formalin-inactivated vaccine and 15 days later tested by the above-mentioned assays. linear reg ... | 1989 | 2561663 |
| rapid detection of influenza virus infections in human fetal lung diploid cell cultures. | haemadsorbing foci were found in human fetal lung (hfl) diploid cell cultures 12 h after inoculation with influenza viruses a and b. the size and number of the foci were maximal after 48 h of incubation, being limited by production of an unidentified inhibitor. by contrast, inoculation with parainfluenza virus type 3 led to haemadsorption which increased during 10 days of incubation. for the detection of influenza viruses a and b maximum sensitivity was achieved by changing the medium, the day b ... | 1989 | 2663998 |
| nucleotide sequence of the coding and flanking regions of the human parainfluenza virus 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene: comparison with other paramyxoviruses. | the nucleotide sequence of the human parainfluenza virus 3 (hpiv3) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) gene has been determined using cdna clones derived from both hpiv3 genomic rna and mrna. the hn mrna contains 1,882 nucleotides, not including the poly(a) tail. primer extension experiments were carried out to locate the 5' terminal nucleotide of the hn mrna. the 3' end of the mrna was located at a putative polyadenylation signal. the hpiv3 hn mrna has one large open reading frame that codes for 5 ... | 1987 | 2822598 |
| [use of an immune blotting method (western) for studying viral antigens and for detecting antibodies to viral proteins]. | the technique of the procedure and the results of the use of immune ("western") blotting method for studies on viral antigens and detection of antibodies to individual proteins of viral particles are described. the possibility of detection and study of individual viral antigens in the whole plasma of patients or carriers is demonstrated by the example of hbs antigen of human hepatitis b virus. the method of immune blotting was used for screening of human sera for the detection of antibodies to t ... | 1987 | 2823482 |
| field trial of a quadrivalent vaccine against calf respiratory disease. | a quadrivalent vaccine containing the killed antigens of respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus type 3, mycoplasma dispar and m bovis, emulsified with an oil adjuvant, was tested for efficacy against naturally occurring calf respiratory disease. three batches of beef cattle aged 12, seven and three weeks at the time of first vaccination were used. within each batch of approximately 100 animals, half were vaccinated subcutaneously on three occasions, three weeks apart and half served as ... | 1987 | 2825397 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the human parainfluenza 3 virus genes encoding the surface glycoproteins, f and hn. | the sequence of the genes encoding the fusion (f) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoproteins of the human parainfluenza 3 virus was determined by molecular cloning. the genes were cloned by primer extension using genomic 50 s rna as the template. a series of four overlapping clones was generated from the 3' end of the fusion gene which extended across the gene end and intergenic boundaries of the f-hn and hn-l genes. the f gene extends 1851 nucleotides (inclusive of the putative transcri ... | 1987 | 2825443 |
| attenuation of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 in nonhuman primates and its ability to confer immunity to human parainfluenza virus type 3 challenge. | bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) was evaluated as a candidate live-virus vaccine to protect against infection with human piv-3. the level of replication of bovine and human piv-3 and the efficacy of immunization with bovine piv-3 in protecting against subsequent challenge with human piv-3 was evaluated in nonhuman primates. the duration and magnitude of replication of human and bovine piv-3 in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of new world monkeys was similar, and animals infected ... | 1988 | 2831282 |
| [experiences with the riems vaccine combination pi-3 and riems ibr/ipv vaccines in cattle-raising stock]. | | 1987 | 2831841 |
| parainfluenza 3 virus and other common respiratory pathogens in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | | 1988 | 2833716 |
| parainfluenza virus type 3 meningitis in an 11-month-old infant. | | 1988 | 2835742 |
| protective effects of monoclonal antibodies against parainfluenza virus type 3-induced brain infection in hamsters. | a collection of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) and fusion (f) glycoproteins of parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) was used for passive immunization of intracerebrally infected newborn hamsters. a significant degree of protection was obtained with mabs against both the hn and f viral proteins, but no individual antibody conferred complete protection against disease. mabs against different epitopes provided different degrees of protection. a mab to the se ... | 1988 | 2836547 |
| associations between viral infection and respiratory disease in young beef bulls. | blood samples were taken from bull calves at two meat and livestock commission performance testing centres, just after weaning at six months of age and at six weekly intervals until the end of the performance test seven months later. sera were assayed by specific elisas for antibodies to bovine herpes virus 1 (bhv1), respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza 3 (pi3) and adenoviruses a and b. seroconversions between each sampling were related to the occurrence of clinical respiratory disease usi ... | 1988 | 2842921 |
| current approaches to the development of vaccines effective against parainfluenza viruses. | infection of infants and children with parainfluenza viruses can lead to serious lower respiratory tract disease. in order to review new information on the genetic organization, epidemiology, and immunobiology of these viruses and of respiratory syncytial virus, who, in conjunction with the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases, held a workshop in bethesda, md, usa, 4-5 may 1987. new data on the immunobiology and epidemiology of human parainfluenza 3 virus were presented that sho ... | 1988 | 2844427 |
| levamisole-induced attenuation of alveolar macrophage dysfunction in respiratory virus-infected calves. | a luminol-amplified chemiluminescence (cl) assay was used to evaluate the effect of levamisole on the metabolic activity of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (pam) from parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus-infected calves. using selective beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonists, beta 1-adrenoceptors were shown to inhibit the pam reactive oxygen species-dependent cl response. beta 2 adrenoceptors were apparently not important in the regulation of cl in pam of con ... | 1988 | 2844684 |
| antibodies to parainfluenza virus type 3 in minnesota swine. | | 1988 | 2849496 |
| bovine parainfluenza-3 virus proteins recognized by antibodies of aerosol-exposed calves. | bovine parainfluenza-3 (bpi-3) virus proteins were radiolabeled with [35s]methionine. control serum containing antibodies to bpi-3 virus obtained from calves that had been immunized by aerosol exposure and by im inoculation and sera of cattle that were exposed to bpi-3 virus by aerosol only were used to immunoprecipitate bpi-3 virus proteins. the immunoprecipitates were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. viral proteins with estimated molecular weights of 72,00 ... | 1988 | 2854712 |
| parainfluenza 3 infections. | | 1988 | 2854823 |