| mutational analysis of the fingers domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase. | using bspmi cassette vectors, we have constructed a series of mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) reverse transcriptase (rt) that cause specific amino acid substitutions within the polymerase domain. the rna-dependent dna polymerase, dna-dependent dna polymerase, and rnase h activities of the mutant rts were assayed. the elucidation of the structure of hiv-1 rt makes it possible to determine the locations of specific mutations in the three-dimensional structure of hiv-1 rt [ ... | 1992 | 1279205 |
| antibodies to reverse transcriptase in hiv infection and progression to aids. | serum antibodies to the reverse transcriptase (art) of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1) were sequentially determined by elisa in a group of 41 hiv-seropositive male homosexuals and 101 matched healthy controls, over 1.5-6 years (mean follow-up 3.25 years). mean art levels were significantly higher in the patient group as compared to the controls (195 +/- 75 vs. 75 +/- 45 absorbance (a) units; p less than 0.05). when analyzed in parallel with clinical evaluation and t-cell subset determinat ... | 1992 | 1280249 |
| epitopes of human immunodeficiency virus regulatory proteins tat, nef, and rev are expressed in normal human tissue. | the expression of regulatory proteins tat, rev, and nef of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1) and tat of hiv-2 was studied in frozen sections of lymph nodes from hiv-1-infected individuals, and various tissues from uninfected persons. in hiv-1-positive lymph nodes, monoclonal antibodies to hiv-1-tat stained solitary cells in the germinal centers and interfollicular zones, and vascular endothelium. staining by an anti-nef monoclonal antibody was restricted to follicular dendritic cells, ... | 1992 | 1279980 |
| [antiviral strategies in the replication of human immunodeficiency virus]. | the replication cycle of any virus involves a number of steps, beginning with specific attachment to a cell surface receptor leading eventually to production of progeny viruses by infected cells. in the case of the immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1), the first step involves a specific interaction between the gp120 viral envelope surface protein and specific cd4 receptor sites at the cell surface. this is followed by penetration of the virus into cells and the formation of proviral double-stra ... | 1992 | 1279875 |
| mechanism of dna strand transfer reactions catalyzed by hiv-1 reverse transcriptase. | two dna strand transfer reactions occur during retroviral reverse transcription. the mechanism of the first, minus strand strong-stop dna, transfer has been studied in vitro with human immunodeficiency virus 1 reverse transcriptase (hiv-1 rt) and a model template-primer system derived from the hiv-1 genome. the results reveal that hiv-1 rt alone can catalyze dna strand transfer reactions. two kinetically distinct ribonuclease (rnase) h activities associated with hiv-1 rt are required for removal ... | 1992 | 1279806 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase: spatial and temporal relationship between the polymerase and rnase h activities. | the spatial and temporal relationship between the polymerase and rnase h activities of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase has been examined by using a 40-mer rna template and a series of dna primers of lengths ranging from 15 to 40 nucleotides, hybridized to the rna, as substrates. the experiments were executed in the absence and presence of heparin, an efficient trap to sequester any free or dissociated reverse transcriptase, thus facilitating the study of events associat ... | 1992 | 1279694 |
| mapping of linear b-cell epitopes on the major core protein p24 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). | three murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) f5-2, f5-4, and f5-16 defining three different epitopes on the major core protein p24 of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) were epitope mapped using a random fragment expression library representing the p17- and p24-encoding part of the gag open reading frame. f5-2 defined an epitope within amino acids (aa) 14-23 at the n-terminus of p24, and f5-4 defined an epitope within aa 153-174 in the c-terminus of p24. f5-16 did not recognize any of ... | 1992 | 1280956 |
| direct observation of reverse transcriptases by scanning tunneling microscopy. | first images on a nanometer scale of reverse transcriptases (rt) of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) and of the moloney murine leukemia virus (mulv) obtained by scanning tunneling microscopy (stm) are reported. the common feature of the observed molecules is a ring-type or horseshoe shape with hole diameters of approximately 30 a. the stm images are compared with high resolution transmission electron microscopy (tem) and existing structure predictions. the similarities of the structural ... | 1992 | 1280957 |
| blocked early-stage latency in the peripheral blood cells of certain individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infections of humans have a natural history characterized by a variable but usually slow progression to an immunodeficient state. we have described a molecular model of hiv-1 proviral latency in certain cell lines, characterized by extremely low or undetectable levels of unspliced genomic hiv-1-specific rna but significant levels of multiply spliced hiv-1-specific rna. we have utilized a quantitative reverse transcriptase-initiated polymerase chain rea ... | 1992 | 1279688 |
| human monoclonal fab fragments derived from a combinatorial library bind to respiratory syncytial virus f glycoprotein and neutralize infectivity. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause, throughout the world, of severe viral lower respiratory tract illness in young children. antibodies are known to mediate resistance to rsv infection and illness. we have isolated a number of human monoclonal fab fragments to rsv f glycoprotein from a combinatorial antibody library expressed on the surface of phage. one of these neutralized a wide range of virus isolates, 10 subgroup a and 9 subgroup b isolates, with a titer (60% neut ... | 1992 | 1279672 |
| upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: is it worthwhile? | to determine the diagnostic accuracy of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in a selected group of patients with hiv infection, who had severe symptoms unresponsive to empirical treatment. | 1992 | 1279494 |
| [cytokine therapy of immunodeficiency]. | the cellular immunodeficiency diseases especially those with impaired il-2 production are successfully treated by every day injection of rhil-2. il-2 is also effective on some patients with antibody deficiency probably caused by the lack of t cell help for b cells. prolonged infection of eb-virus, human immunodeficiency virus, fungi and mycobacteria can be ameliorated by il-2 treatment. superoxide production and bacteriocidal activity of the leukocytes from some cases of chronic granulomatous di ... | 1992 | 1279243 |
| effects of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat protein on the expression of inflammatory cytokines. | increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (tnf), interleukin-1 (il-1), and il-6, have been detected in specimens from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-infected individuals. here we demonstrate that hiv-1 activates the expression of tnf but not of il-1 and il-6 in acutely and chronically infected t cells. the increase in tnf gene expression is due to activation of the tnf promoter by the viral gene product tat. transactivation of tnf gene expression re ... | 1992 | 1279199 |
| novel mutation in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase gene that encodes cross-resistance to 2',3'-dideoxyinosine and 2',3'-dideoxycytidine. | we have used the technique of in vitro selection to generate variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) that are resistant to 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddi) and cross-resistant to 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddc). the complete reverse transcriptase (rt)-coding regions, plus portions of flanking sequences, of viruses possessing a ddi-resistant phenotype were cloned and sequenced by polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based methods. we observed that several of these viruses possessed mutations at ... | 1992 | 1279198 |
| combination treatment with azidothymidine and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | bone marrow suppression is the major dose-limiting toxic effect of zidovudine (azidothymidine; azt) in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. we evaluated the effect of subcutaneously administered granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) in pediatric patients whose absolute neutrophil count was less than 0.8 x 10(9)/l during azt therapy despite dosage reductions to 120 mg/m2 every 6 hours. nineteen patients between 6 months and 20 years of age were treated with azt and g-csf ... | 1992 | 1279153 |
| constituents of eriobotrya japonica. a study of their antiviral properties. | the chcl3 extract of eriobotrya japonica from an italian source was shown to contain four new triterpene esters, namely, 23-trans-p-coumaroyltormentic acid [1], 23-cis-p-coumaroyltormentic acid [2], 3-o-trans-caffeoyltormentic acid [3], and 3-o-trans-p-coumaroylrotundic acid [4], in addition to three common ursolic acid derivatives 5, 6, and 7. an investigation of the antiviral properties of compounds 1-7 revealed that only 3 significantly reduced rhinovirus infection. the compounds were ineffec ... | 1992 | 1279126 |
| infection of macaque monkeys with a chimeric human and simian immunodeficiency virus. | two macaque monkeys were inoculated with a chimeric human and simian immunodeficiency virus carrying the tat, rev, vpu and env genes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. infectious virus was recovered from one of the monkeys at 2 and 6 weeks post-infection. the hybrid nature of the isolated viruses was verified by southern and western blotting analyses. both of the monkeys infected with the chimera elicited a humoral antibody response against the virus. | 1992 | 1279105 |
| replication and apical budding of hiv-1 in mucous-secreting colonic epithelial cells. | the human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line ht29 can be infected with various isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2). in some cases, the virus was able to perform its complete cycle of replication as demonstrated by the persistent production of mature viral particles in the cell-free culture supernatant. we have cultured ht29 cells chronically infected with the replicative strain hiv1-ndk in a chemically defined serum-free medium. under these conditions, the ce ... | 1992 | 1280683 |
| comparative immunogenicity of gp120-derived proteins and their induction of anti-v3 loop region antibodies. | this report compares the immunogenicity of three different preparations of gp120 [the envelope glycoprotein of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) virus]: (a) native, fully glycosylated gp120; (b) a nonglycosylated, denatured form of gp120; and (c) a nonglycosylated peptide representing the "immunodominant" third hypervariable region of the gp120 molecule. results indicate that the native glycosylated form of gp120 induces a maximal anti-hiv response in which a majority of b cells bi ... | 1992 | 1280682 |
| synergistic interaction between ligands binding to the cd4 binding site and v3 domain of human immunodeficiency virus type i gp120. | we demonstrate that soluble cd4 (scd4) or a monoclonal antibody (mab), 39.13g, binding to a conformational epitope of gp120 involved in cd4 binding, and mabs binding to the v3 domain of gp120, can synergistically neutralize human immunodeficiency virus type i (hiv-1). in contrast, a neutralizing mab binding to a linear epitope within the cd4 binding domain was unable to exert a synergistic effect in combination with v3 mabs, suggesting that synergism is dependent on ligands binding to the critic ... | 1992 | 1280382 |
| recombinant hiv-1 nucleocapsid protein p15 produced as a fusion protein with glutathione s-transferase in escherichia coli mediates dimerization and enhances reverse transcription of retroviral rna. | human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1) nucleocapsid protein p15 was produced as a fusion protein with glutathione s-transferase (gst) in escherichia coli. rapid purification of gst::p15 in an active form by one-step glutathione-agarose chromatography was accomplished in the presence of an antioxidant. recombinant p15 fused to gst was shown to stimulate the dimerization of viral rna. hiv-1 reverse transcriptase-catalyzed in vitro synthesis of minus-strand cdna from synthetic human trna(lys3uuu) a ... | 1992 | 1280240 |
| [survival of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) in triatoma infestans (klug, 1834)]. | triatoma infestans is the main domestic vector of trypanosoma cruzi, the parasitic agent of chagas' disease in south america. we investigated whether triatoma infestans could shelter the hiv-1 virus. for this purpose, we measured the survival time of the virus in the alimentary tract. fifth-instar nymphs of the blood-sucking bug were fed through an ad hoc apparatus with venous blood from asymptomatic hiv-1 seropositive patients. we attempted to evidence the virus by cultivating material from the ... | 1992 | 1280179 |
| [cutaneous pigmentation disorders in human immunodeficiency virus infection]. | | 1992 | 1280021 |
| major histocompatibility complex (mhc) antigen expression in hiv encephalitis. | in order to study possible immunopathogenic mechanisms in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) encephalitis, immunocytochemical localization of class i and class ii major histocompatibility complex (mhc) antigens was studied in formalin-fixed tissue sections from the brains of 10 individuals who had died with this disorder. using the avidin biotin peroxidase technique and monoclonal antibodies to these antigens, increased expression of class i antigens was found in five out of 10 and of class ii a ... | 1992 | 1280786 |
| different distributions of lung and blood lymphocyte subsets in pediatric aids or tuberculosis. | pulmonary immunity has not been studied in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or tuberculosis (tb), even though lungs of both children and adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) or mycobacterium tuberculosis are affected frequently and severely. in the present studies, the distributions of t (cd3+, cd4+, cd8+) and b (cd19+) lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) and blood of children with aids (n = 28) and children with pulmonary tb (n = 18) we ... | 1992 | 1280936 |
| immunodominant epitopes of hiv-1 p17 and p24. | immunodominant antibody-binding sites were mapped using overlapping synthetic peptides of the structural proteins p17 and p24 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). using sera from hiv-1-infected individuals at a variety of disease states, three major epitopes were identified within p17 and one within p24. antibodies which recognized these epitopes were present in all risk groups throughout all stages of hiv infection, regardless of the presence of high levels of serum p24 antigen. | 1992 | 1280955 |
| mannosyl/n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminyl binding properties of the envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 2. | we have recently demonstrated that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) recombinant envelope glycoprotein precursor gp160 (rgp160) behaves as a mannosyl/n-acetylglucosaminyl (glcnac) binding protein. if such a carbohydrate-binding property were of biological relevance it should be shared by other related primate immunodeficiency viruses such as hiv-2. the present study confirms this hypothesis and extends these findings by showing that hiv-2 recombinant gp140 (rgp140) specifically interac ... | 1992 | 1281021 |
| analysis of tat transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus transcription in vitro. | the hiv tat protein is a potent transactivator of hiv transcription, increasing both rna initiation and elongation. we now demonstrate that purified, full-length 86 amino acid tat protein specifically transactivates the hiv ltr in vitro to a high level (25- to 60-fold). tat transactivation was specifically blocked by anti-tat serum, but not preimmune serum. tat did not transactivate transcription from the control adenovirus major late promoter (admlp). hiv transcription was blocked at various fu ... | 1992 | 1282057 |
| zalcitabine. a review of its pharmacology and clinical potential in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). | zalcitabine is an analogue of the nucleoside deoxycytidine which, when intracellularly converted to an active triphosphate metabolite, inhibits replication of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). zalcitabine is thought to act in the early phase of hiv replication by inhibiting reverse transcriptase and terminating the viral dna chain. in vitro, zalcitabine is one of the more effective nucleoside analogues currently in clinical use for hiv infection, with 0.5 mumol/l concentrations completely inhi ... | 1992 | 1281077 |
| beta-l-thymidine 5'-triphosphate analogs as dna polymerase substrates. | beta-l-3'-deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate (l-ddttp) and beta-l-3'-deoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine 5'-triphosphate (l-d4ttp) were substrates for human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase, escherichia coli dna polymerase i (klenow), and sequenase (modified t7 dna polymerase). the beta-d- and beta-l-enantiomers of 5-methyluridine 5'-triphosphate (rttp) were inhibitors but not substrates of reverse transcriptase. the steady-state km values for l-ddttp and l-d4ttp, with all three enzymes, were ... | 1992 | 1281153 |
| cd4 activation of hiv fusion. | the primary cellular receptor for the human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2) is the cd4 antigen. hiv infection of cd4+ cells is initiated by binding of the virus to the cell surface, via a high affinity interaction between cd4 and the hiv outer envelope glycoprotein, gp120. the development of model systems using soluble recombinant forms of cd4 (scd4) has allowed kinetic and thermodynamic analyses of cd4 binding to gp120, and study of the post-binding events leading to ... | 1992 | 1281202 |
| use of ribosomal rna gene restriction patterns to investigate two outbreaks of campylobacter enteritis in melbourne, australia. | the analysis of ribosomal rna (rrna) gene patterns (ribotyping) has been used to differentiate strains within bacterial species. we used this method to investigate two outbreaks of campylobacter enteritis that occurred recently in melbourne, australia. the first outbreak involved seven patients although isolates from only five patients were available for typing. the second outbreak consisted of three patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) on the same ward of a hospital. analys ... | 1992 | 1281233 |
| mutagenesis of the glu-89 residue in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 reverse transcriptases: effects on nucleoside analog resistance. | a glu-89-->gly alteration in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (rt) was previously shown to result in resistance to several dideoxynucleoside analogs and to phosphonoformic acid (pfa; foscarnet). this residue was altered to ala, val, ser, thr, gln, asp, asn, or lys, and the ddgtp and pfa sensitivities of the mutant rts were measured. replacements with ala, gly, val, and thr led to resistance to inhibition by ddgtp, while mutants with amino acid ser, gln, asn, asp, or ... | 1992 | 1279207 |
| loss of infectivity by progeny virus from alpha interferon-treated human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected t cells is associated with defective assembly of envelope gp120. | levels of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) dna, rna, or p24 antigen and reverse transcriptase activity in t-cell cultures treated with 500 iu of recombinant alpha interferon (rifn alpha) per ml were comparable to those in control cultures. radioimmunoprecipitation analysis of proteins in lysates of ifn-treated t cells documented a marked accumulation of hiv proteins. localization of gp120 by immunofluorescence showed a diffuse pattern in ifn-treated cells quite distinct from the ring pattern i ... | 1992 | 1279206 |
| the health of children adopted from romania. | to determine the medical condition of romanian adoptees and the effects of the romanian orphanage system on their health. | 1992 | 1281241 |
| potential anti-aids naphthalenesulfonic acid derivatives. synthesis and inhibition of hiv-1 induced cytopathogenesis and hiv-1 and hiv-2 reverse transcriptase activities. | several naphthalenedi- and trisulfonic acids have been synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory potential against cytopathogenesis and purified recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2) reverse transcriptase (rt). the most potent derivative that emerged from the anti-rt study was a small molecule 6 (mw = 840), a dipalmitoylated derivative of 2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid. analog 6 demonstrated 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) values of 2.42 and 0.86 microm fo ... | 1992 | 1282569 |
| varicella does not appear to be a cofactor for human immunodeficiency virus infection in children. | we performed a retrospective analysis of longitudinal clinical and immunologic data obtained from 22 children in the early stages of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) when they developed varicella. we studied the course of hiv infection to determine whether clinical deterioration occurred after chickenpox. we examined the following indices: growth and development; neurologic status; helper t lymphocyte counts; blood values of core (p24) antigen of hiv; changes in the stage of hiv ... | 1992 | 1281308 |
| relationship of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 third variable loop to a component of the cd4 binding site in the fourth conserved region. | neutralizing antibodies that recognize the human immunodeficiency virus gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein and are directed against either the third variable (v3) loop or conserved, discontinuous epitopes overlapping the cd4 binding region have been described. here we report several observations that suggest a structural relationship between the v3 loop and amino acids in the fourth conserved (c4) gp120 region that constitute part of the cd4 binding site and the conserved neutralization epitop ... | 1992 | 1279195 |
| hepatitis c virus more resistant to inactivation than human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1992 | 1282759 |
| the interrelationship between hbv-markers and hiv antibodies in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. | to determine the interrelationship between hepatitis b viral markers (hbv), the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) in hcc patients, a total of 282 subjects were included in the study. out of 282 subjects, 182 were hcc patients as determined by raised alpha-feto-protein (afp) of greater than 1,000 ng/ml. the other 100 control patients presented with other conditions and had detectable afp of less than 1,000 ng/ml in their sera. on presentation, 10 ml of venous ... | 1992 | 1279108 |
| maleylated human serum albumin inhibits hiv-1 infection in vitro. | maleylated-human serum albumin (mal-hsa) inhibited human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1) infection of mt-4 cells in vitro. it was also found to inhibit the fusion between uninfected cd4+ cells (molt-4 clone 8 cells) and hiv-1 infected cells (molt-4/hiv-1) to form syncytia. to investigate the mechanism of the inhibition, a study was designed to determine whether mal-hsa could bind to cd4+ cells. mal-hsa could bind to both mt-4 cells and molt-4 clone 8 cells with high affinity, kd = 2.0 nm a ... | 1992 | 1281431 |
| mechanism and fidelity of hiv reverse transcriptase. | we have examined the rna-dependent and dna-dependent polymerase and ribonuclease h catalytic activities of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase using rapid transient kinetic methods with defined synthetic 25/45-mer dna/rna and dna/dna primer/templates. the kd value for interaction of the enzyme with duplex dna was 4.7 nm, and the value for rna/dna heteroduplex was of similar magnitude. a pre-steady state burst of nucleoside triphosphate incorporation was observed for both dna and r ... | 1992 | 1281479 |
| biochemical characterization of the p51 sub-unit of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase in homo- and heterodimeric recombinant forms of the enzyme. | the biochemical properties of the p51 subunit of hiv-1 reverse transcriptase (rt) were studied in order to understand its role in the heterodimeric form p66/p51 found in virions. a recombinant form of rt, p51/p51, expressed in yeast, was purified and characterized. the enzyme was affinity labeled using a 5' modified oligonucleotide primer, covalently linked, that was further elongated in the presence of a radioactive dntp precursor. we found that the p51 subunit was labeled in the p51/p51 form, ... | 1992 | 1280600 |
| a non-radioisotopic reverse transcriptase assay using biotin-11-deoxyuridinetriphosphate on primer-immobilized microtiter plates. | we developed a non-radioisotopic (non-ri) reverse transcriptase assay (rta). the reverse transcriptase (rt) incorporates biotin-11-deoxyuridine-triphosphate (bio-dutp) using a poly(ra) template hybridized with oligo(dt) primer that is immobilized on the surface of a 96-well microtiter plate. this assay is thus semi-automated by adapting it to an elisa testing format. the incorporation of bio-dutp was enhanced by adding cold dttp to the reaction mixture, optimally in a molar ratio 4:1 (dttp:bio-d ... | 1992 | 1280640 |
| decline in ctl and antibody responses to hiv-1 p17 and p24 antigens in hiv-1-infected hemophiliacs irrespective of disease progression. a 5-year follow-up study. | ctl and antibody responses to hiv-1 p17 and p24 antigens were monitored from 1986-1991, in 4 hemophiliacs. the patients had been infected with hiv-1 between 1980 and 1984. two patients have remained asymptomatic while two progressed to aids in 1990. ctl were boosted by culturing with peptides from p17 aa 86-115, or p24 aa 265-279; and aa 270-373 or pha. lysis was measured on autologous or allogeneic targets pulsed with peptides or infected with recombinant vaccinia virus carrying hiv-1 gag or in ... | 1992 | 1281655 |
| tat protein stimulates production of transforming growth factor-beta 1 by marrow macrophages: a potential mechanism for human immunodeficiency virus-1-induced hematopoietic suppression. | in this study, we examined the potential role of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) tat protein in causing the hematopoietic abnormalities frequently observed in hiv-infected individuals. recombinant tat (r-tat) protein, at concentrations up to 10 micrograms/ml, did not display any stimulatory or inhibitory effect on the survival/proliferative capacity of cd34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells, purified from normal bone marrow (bm). however, exposure of r-tat protein (at concentrations between ... | 1992 | 1281686 |
| direct in vitro infection of human intestine with hiv-1. | to directly infect human fetal intestine with hiv in vitro. | 1992 | 1281642 |
| role of human immunodeficiency virus replication in defective in vitro growth of hematopoietic progenitors. | a number of hematologic abnormalities, including cytopenias, have been observed in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. to elucidate their mechanisms, a group of 27 patients with hiv-1 infection was studied. in all patients, a marked reduction of in vitro colony formation by erythroid, granulomacrophagic, and megakaryocytic bone marrow progenitors was observed in comparison to normal donors. hiv-1 infection of marrow progenitors was investigated in studying individual colo ... | 1992 | 1281682 |
| [opportunistic malignant lymphomas in siv infected primates--a model for epstein-barr virus associated lymphomas in aids]. | in a series of 33 cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) experimentally infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), strain smm3, 13 animals developed malignant non-hodgkin lymphomas. these lymphomas presented with unusual primary manifestations like in the orbita, testes, and brain. the morphological features and immunophenotyping identified the tumors as high malignant b-cell lymphomas. in all tumors as well as in tumor-derived cell lines a cynomolgus b-lymphotropic herpes virus (cblv) ... | 1992 | 1283256 |
| [granulocyte colony stimulating factor (g-csf) in treatment of patients with hiv-associated mucocutaneous kaposi sarcoma. successful use in virus and drug-induced leukopenia]. | three patients with hiv-associated kaposi sarcoma were treated with human recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor (g-csf). they had all developed leucopenia during treatment with recombinant interferon-alpha-2a, in two cases combined with vincristine. in all three patients, there was an obvious rapid stimulation after s.c. injection of 300 or 150 micrograms g-csf per day; the white blood count reached normal values within only a few days and partial transformation to leucocytosis took ... | 1992 | 1281810 |
| antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) is directed against immunodominant epitopes of the envelope proteins of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1). | in this study, epitopes of hiv envelope proteins that are involved in adcc were identified. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were obtained from adults with asymptomatic hiv infection or early symptoms of aids. these pbmc, which were reported to be "armed" in vivo with hiv-specific antibodies, were used as effector cells in 51cr release assays. target cells consisted of cd4 lymphocytes from healthy seronegative donors, coated with the iiib strain of hiv-1 or with one of seven synthetic p ... | 1992 | 1282012 |
| a quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for hiv-1-specific rna species. | the ability to evaluate the patterns and levels of human immunodeficiency virus type i (hiv-1)-specific rna in latently and productively-infected cell lines, and primary human cells, is critical to the understanding of hiv-1 expression in cell cultures and possibly in vivo. we have developed a quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), utilizing in vitro transcribed rna standards, to evaluate the copy number per cell and per microgram of total cellular rna of multiply ... | 1992 | 1282131 |
| a new method for measuring reverse transcriptase activity by elisa. | a new and sensitive assay of reverse transcriptase (rt) activity of retroviruses measures the incorporation of digoxigenin-labelled dutp in newly synthesized dna instead of radioactively labelled (3h- or 32p-)dttp. to avoid difficulties associated with separation of non-incorporated nucleotides from the newly synthesized dna, biotin-labelled dutp is added to the reaction mixture in very low concentrations. after reverse transcription, the newly synthesized, doubly labelled dna is immobilized on ... | 1992 | 1282132 |
| hiv inactivation in a bone allograft. | the use of exclusionary techniques in the procurement of donors for bone allografts greatly reduces chances for disease transmission. furthermore, treatment of hiv with either chemical agents or strong acids will effectively inactivate the aids virus. these data are taken as indirect proof that the risk of obtaining aids from a freeze-dried bone allograft is highly remote. the purpose of this study is to obtain direct evidence that the processing of a demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft wo ... | 1992 | 1282153 |
| [study of antigenic structure of hiv-1 protein p24 using monoclonal antibodies]. | during the experiments 4 murine and 3 rat hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (mab) against the protein p24 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) have been obtained. using the immunoblotting technique, it was established that all the species of mab reacted with the same viral proteins which are derivatives of gag gene--p24 and p55. the properties of mab have been studied in competitive binding. their ability of binding to different fragments of the gag protein produced by the rec ... | 1992 | 1283723 |
| sero-surveillance of transmissible hepatitis b & c viruses in asymptomatic hiv infection in haemophilics. | in a group of 37 haemophilics, 9 (24.3%) were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), while 9 (24.3%) and 10 (27%) were positive for hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) respectively. haemophilics who were hiv seropositive had higher prevalence of hbv and hcv. seropositivity for hiv was more in patients with severe haemophilia a who required frequent factor viii replacement. the need for long term surveillance of voluntary blood donors for transfusion associated virus ... | 1992 | 1283980 |
| the blood group antigen-related glycoepitopes: key structural determinants in immunogenesis and aids pathogenesis. | this overview will focus on the functional and pathophysiological aspects of blood group antigen (bga)-related glycodeterminants with regard to immunogenesis and aids pathogenesis. it has been postulated that in a broad range of histogenetically different tissues and organs, bga-related glycoepitopes are expressed on the cell surface at definite stages of cell differentiation. these glycoepitopes are expressed during embryogenesis, organogenesis, tissue repair, regeneration, remodelling and matu ... | 1992 | 1282198 |
| cytokine-mediated regulation of monocyte/macrophage cytotoxicity in human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection. | monocyte/macrophage-mediated tumor cytotoxicity was studied in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) at various stages [center for disease control (cdc) classification] of the disease. using the p-815 tumor cell line as target cells, the results demonstrated reduced monocyte/macrophage cytotoxicity early in hiv-1-related disease (cdciii, p < 0.01). this cellular dysfunction sustained during the progression of the disease. evidence could be presented that neither exogenous ... | 1992 | 1282202 |
| production of monoclonal antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type-2. | the rod strain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) was used to produce monoclonal antibodies. virus grown in cem cells was partially purified by ultracentrifugation and solubilized in a buffer containing triton x-100. balb/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 50 micrograms of solubilized virus preparations mixed 1:1 with complete freund's adjuvant. animals were boosted on day 28 and sacrificed on day 31. spleen cells from the immunized animals were fused with sp20/ag 14 m ... | 1992 | 1282263 |
| tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulates both apical and basal production of hiv in polarized human intestinal ht29 cells. | the human colon epithelial cell line ht29 can be infected by selected strains of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) [9]. in the present study, it is shown that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) is a potent stimulator of hiv replication in chronically infected differentiated ht29 cells, but not in undifferentiated cells. the polarity of hiv production upon tnf-alpha stimulation has been studied in polarized monolayers of differentiated ht29 cells grown on porous-bottomed dishes. it is s ... | 1992 | 1282499 |
| [the inhibitory effects of catechin derivatives on the activities of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase and dna polymerases]. | catechin derivatives including (-)-epicatechin gallate (ecg), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (egcg), (-)-epigallocatechin (egc) and green tea extract (gte) were found to inhibit the activities of cloned human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (hiv-1 rt), duck hepatitis b virus replication complexes reverse transcriptase (dhbv rcs rt), herpes simplex virus 1 dna polymerase (hsv-1 dnap) and cow thymus dna polymerase alpha (ct dnap alpha). egcg and ecg were shown to be very potent i ... | 1992 | 1284389 |
| mechanism of anti-human immunodeficiency virus action of polyoxometalates, a class of broad-spectrum antiviral agents. | various polyoxometalates proved inhibitory to the replication of a number of enveloped dna and rna viruses, i.e., herpesviruses (herpes simplex and cytomegalo), togaviruses (sindbis), paramyxoviruses (respiratory syncytial), rhabdoviruses (vesicular stomatitis), arenaviruses (junin and tacaribe), and retroviruses [human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2), simian immunodeficiency virus, and murine sarcoma virus]. the most potent compounds, i.e., jm1590 [k13[ce(siw11o39)2]. 2 ... | 1992 | 1282664 |
| recognition of the high affinity binding site in rev-response element rna by the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 rev protein. | the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 rev protein binds with high affinity to a bubble structure located within the rev-response element (rre) rna in stemloop ii. after this initial interaction, additional rev molecules bind to the rre rna in an ordered assembly process which requires a functional bubble structure, since mutations in the bubble sequence that reduce rev affinity block multiple complex formation. we have used synthetic chemistry to characterize the interaction between rev protei ... | 1992 | 1282702 |
| in vitro effect of antisense oligonucleotides on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcription. | the molecular events involved in antisense-mediated inhibition of retroviral transcription were studied by analyzing the in vitro effect of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides on reverse transcription by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) reverse transcriptase (rt). oligonucleotides have been designed to be complementary to three targets located in the 5' region of the hiv-1 rna genome: the transactivating response element (tar), the u5 region and a sequence contiguous to the primer binding ... | 1992 | 1281317 |
| complement receptor type 2 mediates infection of the human cd4-negative raji b-cell line with opsonized hiv. | opsonization of the htlv-rf and htlv-iiib strains of hiv-1 with normal human hiv seronegative serum under conditions that allow complement activation resulted in the productive infection of cells of the raji b lymphoblastoid cell line. under the same experimental conditions, no infection of raji cells was observed with unopsonized virus. infection of raji cells with complement-opsonized hiv-1 was totally suppressed by preblocking the function of cr2 (the c3dg receptor, cd21) on the cells with a ... | 1992 | 1281336 |
| response of ethiopian human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates to antiviral compounds. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) isolates of 8 ethiopian and 8 swedish untreated aids-patients were examined for their sensitivity to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (azt), 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddi) and leukocyte-derived interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha). no significant difference in drug sensitivity was found between ethiopian and swedish isolates, which all were sensitive to azt, ddi and ifn-alpha except for one swedish isolate. this isolate exhibited a mutation at amino acid position 215. t ... | 1992 | 1281393 |
| 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine resistance suppressed by a mutation conferring human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. | nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (nnrt) inhibitors (r82913; (+)-s-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-9-chloro-5-methyl-6-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)- imidazo[4,5,1-jk][1,4]-benzodiazepin-2(1h)-thione; cl-tibo; and bi-rg-587, nevirapine) were used to select resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) variants by passage in cell cultures of wild-type or 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (zidovudine; azt)-resistant strains. similar to other nnrt inhibitors, cl-tibo induced a single mutation (y181 to c) in reverse t ... | 1992 | 1282792 |
| the gp120 glycoprotein of hiv-1 binds to sulfatide and to the myelin associated glycoprotein. | we investigated the binding of the gp120 glycoprotein of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) to neural glycolipids and glycoproteins by elisa. the gp120 protein bound to sulfatide (gals), a sulfated glycolipid autoantigen implicated in sensory neuritis, and to the myelin associated glycoprotein (mag), an autoantigen in demyelinating neuropathy. binding of gp120 to mag was inhibited by the hnk-1 antibody, which recognizes a sulfated glucuronic acid epitope, suggesting that the interaction in ... | 1992 | 1282933 |
| carbohydrate determinant neuac-gal beta (1-4) of n-linked glycans modulates the antigenic activity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 glycoprotein gp120. | in the present study we investigated to what extent the peripheral carbohydrate structure of n-linked glycans influences the antigenic properties of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 glycoprotein 120 (gp120). recombinant gp120 was purified from gmk cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing gp120. purified gp120 was then coated onto 96-well elisa microplates and subjected to sequential removal of peripheral monosaccharide units. modified or unmodified gp120 was then incubated ... | 1992 | 1281869 |
| comparative purification of recombinant hiv-1 and hiv-2 reverse transcriptase: preparation of heterodimeric enzyme devoid of unprocessed gene product. | a procedure for producing and purifying recombinant hiv-1 and hiv-2 reverse transcriptase (rt) is described. these enzymes are produced by escherichia coli-transformed with a plasmid containing the gene encoding for either the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) or hiv-2 rt protein. both proteins are partially processed by host cell proteases giving rise to a mixture of heterodimeric and nonheterodimeric products, which are subsequently resolved to near homogeneity by chromatography on p ... | 1992 | 1283095 |
| primary b cell lymphoma of the rectum in a patient coinfected with hiv-1 and htlv-i. | this report describes a clinical case of a large cell, immunoblastic plasmacytoid malignant b-cell lymphoma of the rectum in an aids patient coinfected with htlv-i. the malignant cells showed clonal genetic rearrangement of the hc (jh) and lck genes. infection by ebv was demonstrated serologically and with slot blots using genomic dna of the cancer cells. southern blot analysis with dna extracted from the lymphoma cells were negative for htlv-i. the patient received seven cycles of vaco-b which ... | 1992 | 1283227 |
| selective inhibition of human immunodeficiency viruses by racemates and enantiomers of cis-5-fluoro-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]cytosine. | 2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine (ftc) has been shown to be a potent and selective compound against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in acutely infected primary human lymphocytes. ftc is also active against human immunodeficiency virus type 2, simian immunodeficiency virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus in various cell culture systems, including human monocytes. the antiviral activity can be prevented by 2'-deoxycytidine, but not by other natural nucleosides, suggesting that ftc mus ... | 1992 | 1283296 |
| inactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus by hypericin: evidence for photochemical alterations of p24 and a block in uncoating. | following attachment and entry of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) into a host cell, the hiv genomic rna is reverse transcribed to cdna. this step may be inhibited by hypericin, a compound that induces alterations of the retroviral capsid. incubation of hiv with hypericin rendered the virus noninfectious. the replication of hiv was blocked early; hiv cdna could not be detected in cells challenged with hypericin-treated hiv. hypericin did not inhibit the binding of recombinant gp120 to cd4+ cel ... | 1992 | 1283309 |
| hiv-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor from phyllanthus niruri. | an aqueous extract of phyllanthus niruri (euphorbiaceae) inhibited human immunodeficiency virus type-1 reverse transcriptase (hiv-1-rt). the inhibitor against hiv-1-rt in this plant was purified by combination of three column chromatographies, sephadex lh-20, cellulose, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. the inhibitor was then identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectra as repandusinic acid a monosodium salt (ra) which was originally isolated from mallotus repan ... | 1992 | 1283310 |
| phorbol ester induces down-regulation of cd4 molecule expression and resistance to in vitro infection by hiv1. | in vitro infectivity of the mt4 lymphoid cell line with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has been studied in correlation with the degree of expression of the cd4 molecule at the cell surface. to modulate this cd4 expression in vitro, pre-incubation with phorbol myristate acetate (pma) was used. the lowest cd4 expression was obtained after 1 to 5 hours. thereafter, a partial re-expression of okt4 was observed, e.g., when the incubation time with pma was extended to 20 hours. reverse transcripta ... | 1992 | 1283470 |
| the aids epidemic in tanzania: rate of spread of hiv in blood donors and pregnant women in dar es salaam. | the prevalence of antibodies to hiv in population groups in dar es salaam, tanzania has been monitored from late 1984 through 1991. in the pregnant women and blood donors the doubling time was about 2 years. if, however, the doubling time is calculated from reported cases of aids of the whole country, an average doubling time of 10 months is obtained. we point out factors that may bias calculations of the rate of spread of the virus and thus give rise to erroneous projections for the nearest yea ... | 1992 | 1287803 |
| antibody epitopes sensitive to the state of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 oligomerization map to a putative alpha-helical region. | two antibodies, affinity-purified from human immunodeficiency virus-positive human plasma with synthetic peptides in the region gp41(566-596), were found to recognize oligomeric gp41 more strongly than the monomeric form in an immunoblot assay. in contrast, a murine anti-gp160 monoclonal antibody, which maps within this sequence to gp41(581-596), recognized only monomeric gp41 after disruption of the oligomer with sodium dodecyl sulfate. this monoclonal anti-gp160 antibody did not recognize chem ... | 1992 | 1283526 |
| metabolism of a new hiv-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, 3-[2-(benzoxazol-2-yl)ethyl]-5-ethyl-6-methylpyridin-2(1h)-one (l-696,229), in rat and liver slices. | l-696,229 is a potent and specific inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) reverse transcriptase and is currently undergoing clinical evaluation. in vivo metabolism in rats was investigated using an intravenous bolus dose of 5 mg/kg [3h]l-696,229. the amount of radioactivity eliminated in bile and urine over a period of 6 hr was 60 and 22%, respectively. radiochromatographic analysis of the bile and urine showed that l-696,229 was metabolized rapidly and completely to several co ... | 1992 | 1283569 |
| 3'-c-branched 2'-deoxy-5-methyluridines: synthesis, enzyme inhibition, and antiviral properties. | a synthesis scheme for 3'-c-methyl-2'-deoxynucleosides and 3'-c-methylidene-2',3'-dideoxy-5-methyluridine has been proposed with 2-deoxyribose as the starting material. methyl 5-o-benzoyl-2-deoxyribofuranose was oxidized and the mixture of the 3'-keto derivatives was separated into the alpha- and beta-anomers. the beta-keto derivative was converted by reaction with memgbr, and after reaction with thymine and subsequent deprotection 1-(3'-c-methyl-2'-alpha-deoxy-alpha-d-threo-pentofuranosyl)thymi ... | 1992 | 1281882 |
| [the immunoenzyme test system for detection of hiv-1 antigens based on using immune polyclonal anti-hiv serum and monoclonal antibodies against gene gag hiv-1 proteins]. | the paper describes the enzyme immunoassay system for detection of human immunodeficiency virus antigens, which is based on the use of rabbit anti-hiv antibodies and monoclonal antibodies to hiv-1 gene proteins gag. the system may be useful in the examination of laboratory and clinical samples to reveal both free and conjugated antigens in the composition of immune complexes. the sensitivity of the assay system under development is 0.5 ng/ml at 100% specificity. | 1992 | 1283720 |
| [peptides from the principal neutralizing and cd4-binding domain: similar immunoreactive properties and structure pattern]. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) proteins gp120 and gp41 are the principal immune target in hiv infection. one of the most important trends in the study of aids is linked to the mapping of sites involving in the binding to the cell receptor cd4 and in the induction of virus-neutralizing antibodies (vna). recent studies have revealed that gp120 as the major domain contains inducing type-specific bna (pnd) and a binding region with cd4 (cd4-br). pnd is located in the hypervariable loop of gp ... | 1992 | 1283721 |
| [expression of hiv-1 tat gene under the control of p 7,5 kd vaccinia virus promoter in cv-1 cells]. | the transient expression of the hiv-1 gag genes and a hiv-1 ++trans-activator protein (tat)-encoded was made in cultured cv-1 cells. in recombinant plasmids, the gag gene was under the control of hiv-1 ++trans-activator sequence (tar) and the tat gene was under the control of a 7.5-kd vaccinia promoter. transactivation of gag gene expression, which was stimulated by a tat gene expression product, was observed in the presence of wild vaccinia virus. the transaction was immunologically evaluated f ... | 1992 | 1283722 |
| poly(l-lysine)-conjugated oligonucleotides promote sequence-specific inhibition of acute hiv-1 infection. | previously, we have reported that conjugation of antisense oligonucleotides to poly(l-lysine) (pll) lowers their inhibitory concentration in several biological models. we have now tested these conjugates for inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) replication. pll-conjugated oligonucleotides complementary to the translation initiation site of tat protein protect cells from the cytopathic effect of hiv-1 in acute infection assays. the ec50 of conjugates is approximately 0.15 mic ... | 1992 | 1284042 |
| development of a vaccine for the prevention of aids, a critical appraisal. | the pathogenesis and clinical expression of hiv-1 infection in humans is considered in terms of classical pathogenetic studies of viral infections for which successful vaccines have been produced. the unique features of hiv pathogenesis are defined, and gaps in knowledge identified as a framework for considering designs for immune intervention. envelope-derived candidate vaccines have been used in immunization and challenge experiments in siv/macaque or hiv/chimpanzee models, presented either as ... | 1992 | 1281948 |
| chemotherapeutic approaches to human immunodeficiency virus infections. | since the discovery of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) as the causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), various attempts have been made to control this fatal disorder. in the replicative cycle of hiv, several steps have been identified as attractive targets for antiviral chemotherapy. sulfated polysaccharides can block the virion binding to the cd4 receptor. 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides including 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (azt) act as potent inhibitors of reverse transcripta ... | 1992 | 1284048 |
| characterization of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody to the external glycoprotein of hiv-1. | the major neutralizing epitope on the external glycoprotein of hiv-1 was studied with an envelope-specific monoclonal antibody and with a human serum positive for antibodies to hiv-1 proteins, both of which were able to neutralize virus infectivity. the monoclonal antibody reacted specifically with gp120 from hiv-1iiib, and was shown to neutralize infection of cem cells by cell-free virions, and inhibited the formation of syncytia normally observed when uninfected cells are cocultured with hiv-1 ... | 1992 | 1284059 |
| human immunodeficiency virus in gestational trophoblastic neoplasias--is it a poor prognostic risk factor. | three cases of hiv infection with choriocarcinoma are presented. one case had prolonged chemotherapy without remission, the second had remission only after combining hysterectomy with chemotherapy and the third who had extensively metastatic disease in the presence of other low risk factors are reported. hiv infection may predispose patients to extensive metastatic choriocarcinoma and influence the course of treatment. we propose that hiv infection be considered a poor prognostic risk for gestat ... | 1992 | 1284342 |
| carbohydrate binding properties of the envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | here, we confirm and extend our previous findings on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) envelope glycoprotein n-acetylglucosaminyl binding properties. we show the occurrence of saturable, temperature, ph, and calcium dependent carbohydrate-specific interactions between recombinant precursor gp160 (rgp160) and two affinity matrices: d-mannose-divinylsulfone-agarose, and natural glycoprotein, fetuin, also coupled to agarose. binding of rgp160 to the matrices was inhibited by soluble manno ... | 1992 | 1284814 |
| n-acetyl-cysteine is a potent suppressor of human immunodeficiency virus transcription in persistently infected cells. | | 1992 | 1285017 |
| bacterially expressed core and envelope proteins of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1): comparative evaluation in detection of type-specific antibodies. | recombinant proteins derived from immunodominant conserved domains of hiv-1 env and gag genes were synthesized in e. coli. an immunoblot system using total cell lysates was employed for the analysis of recombinant bacterial clones. together 427 serum samples obtained from asymptomatic anti-hiv seropositive individuals, aids patients, healthy donors and persons suffering from various conditions were comparatively evaluated for the presence of hiv-1 antibodies using recombinant peptides and commer ... | 1992 | 1282776 |
| cell type-specific anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activity of the transactivation inhibitor ro5-3335. | the drug ro5-3335 [7-chloro-5-(2-pyrryl)-3h-1,4-benzodiazepin-2(h)-one] inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) gene expression at the transcriptional level through interference with tat-mediated transactivation (m.-c. hsu, a. d. schutt, m. holly, l. w. slice, m. i. sherman, d. d. richman, m. j. potash, and d. j. volsky, science 254:1799-1802, 1991). we confirmed this specific inhibitory effect in a quantitative bioassay based on transactivation of a chimeric gene comprising the hiv ... | 1992 | 1282790 |
| septic arthritis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | we have evaluated the presence and characteristics of septic arthritis in intravenous (iv) drug users with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. sixteen patients with both hiv infection and septic arthritis were studied and compared with 5 patients with septic arthritis but no hiv infection. clinical profile, laboratory findings at the time of onset, localization, causative organisms, mean hospitalization time and presence of complications were the same in hiv positive and hiv negative p ... | 1992 | 1294747 |
| the role of maternal syphilis, gonorrhoea and hiv-1 infections in spontaneous abortion. | the role of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and other sexually transmitted diseases (stds) as risk factor for spontaneous abortion was investigated in a case-control study in nairobi, kenya. cases (n = 195) were women admitted with clinical signs and symptoms of spontaneous abortion, before 20 weeks of gestation. patients with induced or clinically septic abortion were excluded. controls were unselected pregnant women in their second or third trimester (n = 195). spontaneous abortion was ... | 1992 | 1286116 |
| hemophilic blood cyst--a case report. | we report a case of hemophilic blood cyst in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment are discussed, and neither inflammatory changes nor pathological cells were seen in the numerous histological sections obtained surgically. | 1992 | 1286188 |
| health beliefs and promotion of hiv-preventive intentions among teenagers: a scottish perspective. | beliefs concerning the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and preventive behaviors were examined in a sample of 351 sexually active scottish teenagers. a postal questionnaire, including measures of variables specified by the health belief model (hbm) and preventive intentions, was employed. the relation between hbm measures and reported endorsement of hiv-preventive intentions was investigated. results indicated that, in general, respondents intended to use condoms with new sexual ... | 1992 | 1286655 |
| association between staphylococcus aureus nasopharyngeal colonization and septicemia in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | in an attempt to identify risk factors for staphylococcus aureus septicemia, 136 consecutive hiv-infected patients were investigated for the presence of nasopharyngeal colonization with staphylococcus aureus and subsequent staphylococcus aureus infection. sixty of 136 (44.1%) hiv-infected patients had staphylococci which were detected in the nasopharynx on initial culture compared to 12 of 39 (30.8%) patients with chronic diseases and 11 of 47 (23.4%) healthy hospital staff. another 12 hiv-infec ... | 1992 | 1295767 |
| fc gamma receptors in cancer and infectious disease. | through interaction with antibody, igg fc receptors provide an interface between specific humoral immunity and fc gamma r-bearing host cells. fc gamma r trigger such diverse functions as immune complex clearance, phagocytosis of opsonized pathogens, reactive oxygen intermediate and enzyme secretion, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc). moreover, fc gamma r are the exclusive trigger molecules for tumor cell killing by human myeloid cells. studies of fc gamma r function have been a ... | 1992 | 1287116 |
| nested polymerase chain reaction for detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 dna in clinical specimens. | a highly sensitive two-step polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method was evaluated for detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) dna in clinical specimens. the product resulting from the first amplification reaction is used as the template for the second pcr with an internal (nested) primer pair. even when starting from a single copy of hiv-1 dna, the double pcr product was readily detected by direct visualization in ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels. amplification of minute amo ... | 1992 | 1287130 |
| persistent delta antigenaemia in chronic delta hepatitis and its relation with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | the prevalence of persistent hepatitis delta (hd) antigenaemia and associated factors in patients with chronic infection with the hepatitis delta virus (hdv) were investigated. among 157 consecutive patients known to be carriers of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), 36 (23%) had one serum marker of hdv infection (anti-hd and/or hdag). nine of the patients with an hdv marker were hdag positive, including three who were anti-hd negative. a follow-up over a mean period of 13 months showed that fi ... | 1992 | 1287132 |
| tuberculosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1. a retrospective multicentre study of 123 cases in france. the groupe des infectiologues du sud de la france. | in order to study the epidemiological, clinical, and progressive characteristics of tb in hiv-infected individuals, a retrospective study was conducted in nine infectious disease centres of university hospitals located in the southern half of france. among the 5730 hiv-seropositive in- and out-patients, 123 (2.1 per cent) had tb (121 infections caused by m. tuberculosis, 2 by m. bovis). tuberculosis was pulmonary in 53 patients (43.1 per cent), extrapulmonary in 36 patients (29.3 per cent), and ... | 1992 | 1287704 |