| interferon-producing capacity of human tonsil cells and properties of interferon produced by these cells. | tonsils excised from human beings for chronic tonsillitis have been shown to be an accessible and sufficiently rich source of human lymphocytes. tonsil cells produced interferon as intensively as blood leukocytes and the properties of this interferon were similar to those of leukocyte interferon. the optimal conditions for interferon production by tonsil cells were established. | 1976 | 5865 |
| induction of interferon in mice and cell cultures by mycoplasma pneumoniae. | inoculation of mice and l and human embryonic lung (hel) cell cultures with mycoplasma pneumoniae failed to induce the production of interferon. m. pneumoniae multiplied in these cell cultures without a marked cytopathic effect. m. pneumoniae induced interferon in human peripheral blood leukocytes with maximum titres of 32 units/ml at 48 hours after infection. | 1977 | 23667 |
| affinity of human leukocyte interferon for polyribonucleotides. | human leukocyte interferon (hl-if)binds to agpoly(a)tm, agpoly(u)tm and agpoly(i)tm. the bound interferon could be displaced from all three polyribonucleotides by including sodium chloride in the eluant. the nature of interaction of hl-if with polyribonucleotides is electrostatic and not hydrophobic since its binding was not prevented in the presence of 50% ethylene glycol. the binding of hl-if on agpoly(i)tm is stronger at lower ph since an increase in ionic strength is required to displace it. | 1979 | 41640 |
| myxoviruses. | myxoviruses can be divided into 2 groups, orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses. the former comprise the influenza group which is subdivided into types a,b and c. influenza b and c are purely human pathogens but influenza a, which includes a large number of antigenic subtypes, occurs in nature in pigs, horses, birds and man. all influenza a viruses irrespective of origin are chemically, biologically and genetically related. the epidemics which they cause are curious and puzzling and are an import ... | 1975 | 47825 |
| separation of human leukocyte interferon components by concanavalin a-agarose affinity chromatography and their characterization. | human leukocyte interferon (hl-if), produced by mixed leukocytes infected with newcastle disease virus, was resolved into three distinct fractions when chromatographed on concanavalin a-agarose. the major portion (70--75%) of interferon appeared in the breakthrough (bt fraction). the bound interferon (25--30%) was displaced from the column as two peaks: the first was eluted with 0.01 m methyl alpha-d-mannoside, yielding 15-20% of the interferon activity (alpha-mm fraction), and the second by inc ... | 1979 | 92998 |
| somatic cell genetics of human interferon production in human-rodent cell hybrids. | forty-two primary human-mouse cell hybrids, derived in two separate experiments, were treated with newcastle disease virus (ndv): eight hybrids were found to produce human interferon and this was shown in every case to be predominantly of the fibroblast type. an extensive analysis was made in terms of karyotype and marker enzymes on all the eight hybrids producing interferon and also on five hybrids which did not produce interferon, five randomly selected hybrids and eleven subclones resistant t ... | 1979 | 94346 |
| hydrophobic binding sites on human interferon. | human interferon binds to a omega-carboxpentyl-agarose column at low ionic strength (0.15 m nacl) and is still retained when the ionic strength is raised (to 1.0 m nacl). the binding can be reversed, however, by ethylene glycol, indicating a hydrophobic interaction. the binding of human interferon to omega-aminohexyl-agarose is weak, even at a low ionic strength, and is probably exclusively electrostatic. this disparate binding behavior may be caused by the presence of a positive charge, adjacen ... | 1975 | 166991 |
| rubella and rheumatoid arthritis: hyaluronic acid and susceptibility of cultured rheumatoid synovial cells to viruses. | synovial cell lines were established from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra) and from normal human embryos. high levels of hyaluronic acid (ha) were produced by some ra cell lines, some of which were partially or completely resistant to infection with newcastle disease virus (ndv), vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), and rubella virus (rv). normal fetal synovial cells lines were susceptible to ndv, vsv, and rv. infection with virus became possible after treatment of ra cells with hyaluronidas ... | 1975 | 167379 |
| production of species-unspecific antiviral inhibitors in cell-cultures and in chicken embryos under the influence of pyrazolon derivatives. | | 1975 | 169855 |
| interferon-producing capacity of germfree mice. | the general capacity of germfree mouse spleen cells to produce interferon in vitro in response to various stimuli was investigated. the interferon response of germfree mouse spleen cells in vitro, when compared with that of the conventionals, appears to be lower to some inducers. interferon production in vitro stimulated by hemagglutinating virus of japan (hvj) or bhk-hvj cells (bhk cells persistently infected with hvj) was apparently suppressed in germfree mouse spleen cells as compared with th ... | 1976 | 177363 |
| molecular modification of interferon: attainment of human interferon in a conformation active on cat cells but inactive on human cells. | | 1976 | 178096 |
| localization fo the gene avg for the antiviral expression of immune and classical interferon to the distal portion of the long arm of chromosome 21. | the responses of normal fibroblasts and of fibroblasts trisomic and monosomic for chromosome 21 to exogenously administered virus-induced (classical) and phytohemagglutinin-induced (immune) human interferon were determined. the virus-induced interferon was obtained from leukocytes treated with sendai virus and from neonatal foreskin fibroblasts treated with newcastle disease virus. with both classical and immune interferons, the mean response of the trisomic cell lines was three times that of th ... | 1976 | 180211 |
| [provirus formation during acute infection in vitro and in vivo]. | | 1976 | 183942 |
| enhancement of virus-induced cell fusion by phytohemagglutinin. | | 1976 | 187897 |
| formation of proviruses in acute infection in vitro and in vivo. | | 1977 | 193714 |
| interferon production and response to exogenous interferon in two cell lines of mouse brain origin persistently infected with sendai virus. | two persistently infected cell lines established from c3h mouse brain cells infected in vivo with sendai virus were shown to differ with respect to interferon (if) production and response to exogenous if. mb/sen carrier cells contained 1-5 per cent antigen positive cells when examined by immunofluorescence, and virus was occasionally recovered from the culture medium. mb/senas carrier cells were maintained with 0.16 per cent sendai antiserum in the supernatant medium. all mb/senas cells containe ... | 1977 | 194551 |
| viral oncolysate in the management of malignant melanoma. i. preparation of the oncolysate and measurement of immunologic responses. | primary explants of human malignant melanoma were utilized in the preparation of oncolysates by newcastle disease virus. the concentrated lysate, administered parenterally, was employed in an effort to augment antitumor immunologic responses in patients with metastatic melanoma. observed cellular changes suggested a benefit, but humoral antibody measurements were not impressive. | 1977 | 196739 |
| production of human lymphoblastoid interferon by namalva cells. | optimum conditions for growth and interferon production by a human lymphoblastoid cell line, namalva, have been studied. adaptation to large-scale production is possible utilizing either sendai virus or newcastle disease virus. priming of cultures before induction is unnecessary. the interferon produced has properties similar to human leukocyte interferon. the production of lymphoblastoid interferon per cell is increased two- to fourfold after dilution with serum-free medium of a saturation-dens ... | 1978 | 203603 |
| [suppression of viral reproduction by means of specific action on the cell]. | | 1978 | 212895 |
| surface-specific iodination of membrane proteins of viruses and eucaryotic cells using 1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-3alpha,6alpha-diphenylglycoluril. | the use of the iodinating reagent 1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-3alpha,6alpha-diphenylglycouril (chloroglycoluril) to selectively label membrane surface proteins was investigated with the following systems: enveloped viruses (sendai and newcastle disease viruses), human erythrocytes, and nucleated cells propagated both in suspension (el-4) and in monolayer culture (bhk-21). conditions are described for specifically iodinating surface proteins while maintaining full virus integrity or cell viability. compa ... | 1978 | 215191 |
| structural polypeptides of mumps virus. | the structural polypeptides of egg grown mumps virus were analysed by sds-polyacrylamide-slab-gel electrophoresis. mumps virions contained eight major polypeptides with mol. wt. of 75, 73, 71, 61, 47, 44, 42 and 40 x 10(3). the 75 k and 61 k polypeptides were glycosylated. in virions treated with pronase and trypsin, the 75 k glycoprotein was removed more readily from the virus than the 61 k glycoprotein. the gradual removal of the 75 k glycoprotein was paralleled by a decrease of haemagglutinat ... | 1978 | 217949 |
| the presence and cleavage of interpeptide disulfide bonds in viral glycoproteins. | | 1979 | 230184 |
| studies on antiviral glycosides, 4. inhibition of the multiplication of paramyxoviruses by phenyl-6-chloro-6-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranoside. | the antiviral activity of phenyl-6-chloro-6-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranoside (pcg) was studied. pcg specifically inhibited the growth of paramyxoviruses including sendai, measles and newcastle disease viruses in llcmk2 cells at a concentration of 0.5 to 1.0 mm, but did not restrict the multiplication of other rna viruses (influenza, vesicular stomatitis and polio viruses) at these concentrations. pcg might act in the late stage during virus replication of sendai virus as it did not inhibit virus rna ... | 1979 | 230307 |
| cell-mediated cytotoxicity following influenza infection and vaccination in humans. | cell-mediated cytotoxic activity in circulating mononuclear cells from 31 volunteers challenged with live influenza a/victoria virus, and 22 volunteers vaccinated with inactivated influenza vaccine, was examined employing target cells infected with several viruses by means of a 51cr release assay. effectors from infected volunteers, and from volunteers who manifested four-fold rises in serum hai antibody after vaccination, demonstrated significantly elevated levels of cytotoxicity against target ... | 1979 | 231094 |
| characteristics of immune interferon produced by human lymphocyte cultures compared to other human interferons. | a factor with antiviral activity has been produced in vitro by combined macrophage-lymphocyte cultures from patients with recent herpes labialis in response to hsv antigen stimulation. it has been designated "immune interferon" and characterized in comparison to several other human interferons. it was shown to be relatively unstable at ph 2 and at 56 degrees c. rabbit anti-human leukocyte interferon serum was shown to be less active against immune interferon than against diploid cell interferon ... | 1975 | 239056 |
| synthesis of human interferon by xenopus laevis oocytes: two structural genes for interferons in human cells. | human fibroblasts and leukocytes produce interferons which may be distinguished by their antigenic and species specificity as well as by their molecular weight distributions. to elucidate the basis for these differences, we isolated mrna from induced human fibroblasts and lymphoblastoid (namalva) cells and studied the products of translation in xenopus laevis oocytes. the mrna from the respective cells yielded translation products, in oocytes, that were characteristic of the cells from which the ... | 1977 | 269391 |
| interactions between human lymphocytes and paramyxovirus-infected cells: adsorption and cytotoxicity. | the capacity of human lymphocytes to adhere to paramyxovirus-infected monolayers and their capacity to kill paramyxovirus-infected cells was investigated. a large fraction of human lymphocytes was found to adhere firmly to the paramyxovirus-infected monolayers. predsorption of lymphocytes on mumps virus-infected cells impaired their adsorption to a second cell monolayer of the same type. the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes against mumps virus-infected cells was also reduced after predsorption ... | 1977 | 300397 |
| diversity of influenza a virus subtypes isolated from domestic poultry in hong kong. | the second phase of a 2-year influenza virus surveillance programme of domestic avian species in hong kong (up to october 1977) yielded influenza a virus, newcastle disease virus, and hong kong paramyxovirus, as well as unidentified haemagglutinating agents. these viruses were isolated from the trachea or cloaca of apparently healthy domestic ducks, geese, and chickens originating from china and hong kong. twenty-five combinations of haemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface antigens were identif ... | 1979 | 314357 |
| actin filaments in paramyxovirus-infected human fibroblasts studied by indirect immunofluorescence. | fibroblasts growing on glass have microfilaments arranged in bundles. these can be demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescent technique using human antiactin serum or experimentally produced rabbit anti-actin serum. when monolayer cultures of epithelial cells and fibroblasts are infected with paramyxovirus, such as measles, mumps, sendai and ndv, there is a striking decrease of the bundles. rabies and adenoviruses do not seem to influence the staining of microfilaments. the microfilament decreas ... | 1978 | 356824 |
| interferon synthesis by human colostral leucocytes. | the antiviral potential of human colostral leucocytes was assessed by their capacity to produce interferon. leucocytes cultured from colostrum were stimulated by mitogens or newcastle disease virus (ndv) to produce interferon which, by metabolic and physicochemical criteria, corresponded to normal human leucocyte interferon. prepartum cells produced higher levels than postpartum cells. colostral cells were less efficient producers than blood leucocytes. | 1979 | 434888 |
| interferon production: variation in yields from human cell lines. | a survey of human diploid, aneusomic, transformed and tumor fibroblast or fibroblastoid cell lines for their capacity to produce interferon after polyriboinosinic acid:polycytidylic acid induction showed considerable variation in responsiveness. there was no apparent correlation between karyotype or phenotype and interferon production. pretreating or "priming" the cells with human interferon generally led to increased yields of interferon after polyriboinosinic acid:polycytidylic acid induction ... | 1979 | 489124 |
| production of human lymphoblastoid interferon by namalwa cells cultured in serum-free media. | the human lymphoblastoid cell line, namalwa, can be cultured in serum-free media to cell densities of 3 to 4 x 10(6) cells per ml. these cultures produce up to 10 000 units of interferon per ml when induced with newcastle disease virus, strain b1. maximum accumulation of interferon was obtained at approx. 13 h post-induction. | 1979 | 501336 |
| failure of the ra 27/3 strain of rubella virus to induce intrinsic interference. | unlike other strains tested, the ra 27/3 vaccine strain of rubella virus, attenuated in human fibroblasts, failed to inhibit superinfection with newcastle disease virus (i.e. induce intrinsic interference). since proteins of the input virion are known to lead to intrinsic interference, these may differ in the ra 27/3 strain from those in other rubella strains. | 1977 | 561164 |
| characteristics of a local virulent strain of newcastle disease virus. | a local virulent strain, vlt, of newcastle disease virus formed 3- to 4-mm plaques on monolayers of primary chicken embryo cultures on the 4th day after inoculation. it agglutinated chicken and human 0 erythrocytes. its hemagglutinin was stable at 56 c when compared with those of komarov (k) and f vaccinal strains of the same virus. the viral titer of infected allantoic fluid dropped from 10(8.1) plaque-forming units to 10(1.0) plaque-forming units/ml within 2 hours when incubated at 56 c. the s ... | 1978 | 666084 |
| production of interferon in human fibroblast cultures: effect of temperature. | to obtain several harvests of interferon from the same culture the human fibroblasts have been incubated at various temperatures after the induction with virus. preincubation of the culture infected with newcastle disease virus (ndv) at 37 degrees c for 8-10 hrs before the transfer of it to 25 degrees c resulted in the optimal harvest of interferon at 24th and 48th hrs after the induction. also the preincubation of the culture infected with ndv for 8-10 hrs at 25 degrees c before its transfer to ... | 1978 | 749802 |
| host cell modification of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and newcastle disease virus altering viral inactivation by human complement. | complement in human serum inactivated several enveloped viruses, but for some viruses the degree of inactivation depended on their passage history. in short, human serum detected cell-induced modifications of virions. normal human serum, lacking detectable neutralizing antibodies to the virions, inactivated lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) and newcastle disease virus (ndv) when the viruses were passed through some cell lines but not others. host cell modification was further documented ... | 1977 | 830758 |
| studies on the capacity of human tonsillar lymphocyte subpopulations to produce interferon. | tonsillar lymphocytes produced classical interferon (type i) in response to ndv infection and produced immune interferon (type ii) in response to pha, ppd or histo-incompatible antigens. lymphocytes having higher specific gravity and having a greater proliferative response to mitogens or antigens produced more interferon than lymphocytes having lower specific gravity. there was no difference between heavy and light small tonsillar lymphocytes in regard to their sensitivity to the protective effe ... | 1977 | 906822 |
| a case of human infection with newcastle disease virus. | a case of newcastle disease virus infection in a female laboratory technician is reported for the first time in malaysia. infection was acquired by droplet infection of the eye while grinding infected chicken in the laboratory. the case was confirmed by isolation of newcastle disease virus from an eye swab taken from the subject on the first day of clinical signs. a four-fold rise of haemagglutination-inhibition titre was shown when sera on the third day of infection and 15 days later were compa ... | 1976 | 1025751 |
| [agglutination of human leukocytes by influenza virus]. | | 1975 | 1162958 |
| fusion regulation proteins on the cell surface: isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies which enhance giant polykaryocyte formation in newcastle disease virus-infected cell lines of human origin. | newcastle disease virus (ndv)-infected hela and fl cells showed small polykaryocytes at about 24 h postinfection, while the addition of anti-fl-cell rabbit, rat, or mouse serum to the ndv-infected cells gave rise to giant polykaryocytes at 15 h postinfection. we isolated three monoclonal antibodies (mabs) (4-5-1, 6-1-13, and 7-2-1) capable of enhancing giant polykaryocyte formation in ndv-infected hela cells. these mabs immunoprecipitated gp80 or gp135, which were detected mainly on the surface ... | 1992 | 1527849 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the l gene of marburg virus, a filovirus: homologies with paramyxoviruses and rhabdoviruses. | the nucleotide sequence of the l gene of marburg virus, strain musoke, has been determined. the l gene has a single long open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 2330 amino acids (mw 267,175) that represents the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase. the putative transcription start signal (3'cuaccuauaauu 5') and the termination signal (3' uaauucuuuuu 5') of the gene could be identified. computer-assisted comparison of the l protein with l proteins of other nonsegmented negative-stranded rna vi ... | 1992 | 1546452 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the mumps virus gene encoding the l protein and the trailer sequence. | we have cloned and determined the nucleotide sequences of the seventh gene of the miyahara strain of mumps virus (muv) encoding the l protein. the l gene is 6925 nucleotides in length and contains a single long open reading frame which is capable of coding for a protein of 2261 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 256,571 da. the deduced amino acid sequence of the l protein of muv showed significant homology with those of six other paramyxoviruses, human parainfluenza type 2 virus, ... | 1992 | 1585659 |
| biological activity of paramyxovirus fusion proteins: factors influencing formation of syncytia. | the fusion (f) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoproteins of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) were expressed individually or coexpressed in cv-1 cells by using sv40-based vectors and recombinant vaccinia viruses. the extent of detectable fusion in a syncytium formation assay was found to be affected by the expression system used. in addition, when hn was coexpressed with f, it was found that the expression vector system influenced the contribution of hn in forming syncytia. the abi ... | 1992 | 1602561 |
| interferon-beta. a potential autocrine regulator of human vascular smooth muscle cell growth. | positive and negative signals regulate the proliferation in vitro of vascular smooth muscle cells (smc), a principle cell type in the blood vessel wall. immune interferon (ifn-gamma, a type ii ifn) retards the growth of human smc, but the effect of type i ifn (ifn-alpha or beta) is unknown. furthermore, the capacity of smc to produce ifn is uncharacterized. if type i ifn alters smc growth and is produced by this cell type, an autocrine inhibitory loop could operate in vascular growth control. to ... | 1992 | 1602741 |
| newcastle disease virus selectively kills human tumor cells. | newcastle disease virus (ndv), strain 73-t, has previously been shown to be cytolytic to mouse tumor cells. in this study, we have evaluated the ability of ndv to replicate in and kill human tumor cells in culture and in athymic mice. plaque assays were used to determine the cytolytic activity of ndv on six human tumor cell lines, fibrosarcoma (ht1080), osteosarcoma (khos), cervical carcinoma (kb8-5-11), bladder carcinoma (hcv29t), neuroblastoma (imr32), and wilm's tumor (g104), and on nine diff ... | 1992 | 1619912 |
| interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) production by human intestinal mononuclear cells. response to virus in control subjects and in crohn's disease. | the virus induced production of interferon alpha by human intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cells was investigated. intestinal and autologous peripheral cells from control subjects and patients with crohn's disease were cultured in vitro with and without stimulation with the newcastle disease virus. interferon alpha was measured and characterised in the culture supernatants after 12 hours and the kinetics of production was evaluated over the following four days of culture. no detectable inte ... | 1992 | 1644329 |
| antiviral activity against transmissible gastroenteritis virus, and cytotoxicity, of natural porcine interferons alpha and beta. | porcine interferon (poifn)-alpha prepared in primed peripheral blood leukocyte cultures induced with newcastle disease virus and poifn-beta from pk-15 cell cultures induced with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid were partially purified by precipitation with potassium thiocyanate and anion exchange chromatography. mean purification factors in terms of units of poifn per mg of protein, of 37 and 12 were obtained for poifn-alpha and poifn-beta respectively. in yield reduction assays in swine testis a ... | 1991 | 1653103 |
| leader sequence distinguishes between translatable and encapsidated measles virus rnas. | the 3'-terminal 55 nucleotides of the negative-strand measles virus rna genome called the leader sequence is not transcribed into a detectable distinct rna product. most of the monocistronic n and bicistronic n-p rnas lack the leader sequence. however, a subpopulation of the n and n-p rnas and all of the antigenomes possess this leader. here, we show that leader-containing subgenomic rnas are functionally distinct from their leaderless counterparts. in measles virus-infected cells, leaderless mo ... | 1990 | 1688383 |
| gmp-140 binds to a glycoprotein receptor on human neutrophils: evidence for a lectin-like interaction. | gmp-140 is a rapidly inducible receptor for neutrophils and monocytes expressed on activated platelets and endothelial cells. it is a member of the selectin family of lectin-like cell surface molecules that mediate leukocyte adhesion. we used a radioligand binding assay to characterize the interaction of purified gmp-140 with human neutrophils. unstimulated neutrophils rapidly bound [125i]gmp-140 at 4 degrees c, reaching equilibrium in 10-15 min. binding was ca2+ dependent, reversible, and satur ... | 1991 | 1704009 |
| interactions between interferon and the human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1990 | 1708817 |
| regulation of cytokine and viral gene expression in monocytes infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | monocytes treated with interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) at virus challenge show no evidence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection: no p24 antigen or reverse transcriptase (rt) activity, no viral mrna and no proviral dna. levels of p24 antigen and rt activity in monocytes infected with hiv 1-3 weeks before ifn-alpha treatment gradually decrease to baseline. hiv-induced cytopathic changes are markedly reduced, as are levels of hiv mrna: the frequency of productively infected cells is less th ... | 1991 | 1883515 |
| activation of ifn-beta element by irf-1 requires a posttranslational event in addition to irf-1 synthesis. | expression of the type i ifn (i.e., ifn-alpha s and ifn-beta) genes is efficiently induced by viruses at the transcriptional level. this induction is mediated by at least two types of positive regulatory elements located in the human ifn-beta gene promoter: (1) the repeated elements which bind both the transcriptional activator irf-1 and the repressor irf-2 (irf-elements; irf-es), and (2) the kappa b element (kappa b-e), which binds nf kappa b and is located between the irf-es and the tata box. ... | 1991 | 1886766 |
| [producer cells of human alpha and gamma interferons]. | the cells responsible for production of human alpha and gamma interferons with proper inducers were studied using methods for fractionation of human blood mononuclear cells. the results indicated cooperation and mutual regulation by cells of interferon production. monocytes were shown to play the leading role in the synthesis of acid-stable alpha interferon, whereas accessory cells were required for gamma interferon synthesis by t lymphocytes. acid-labile alpha interferon was produced predominan ... | 1990 | 2120852 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of human parainfluenza type 4a virus hn gene: its irregularities on structure and activities. | we cloned the cdna of human parainfluenza type 4a virus (piv-4a) hn gene by reverse-transcription of virus-specific mrnas and genomic rna, and determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the hn gene. the predicted hn protein sequence of piv-4a showed significant relatedness with those of other paramyxoviruses, sv5, ndv, muv, piv-3, bpiv-3, indicating a common ancestor. the homologies between the viruses suggested that piv-4a is more closely related to ndv, sv5, and muv than to the parainfluen ... | 1990 | 2155512 |
| sequence analysis of p gene of human parainfluenza type 2 virus: p and cysteine-rich proteins are translated by two mrnas that differ by two nontemplated g residues. | we cloned and sequenced the cdnas against genomic rna and mrna for phosphoprotein (p) of human parainfluenza type 2 virus (piv-2). cdna clone from genomic rna was 1439 nucleotides in length excluding poly(a) and was found to have two small open reading frames encoding proteins of 233 and 249 amino acids. two different mrna cdna clones were obtained; that is, one mrna contained a smaller reading frame coding 225 amino acids, v protein, and the other mrna contained a larger reading frame coding 39 ... | 1990 | 2162103 |
| evaluation of the antiviral effect of synthetic oligopeptides whose sequences are derived from paramyxovirus f1 n termini. | we examined the antiviral effects of three oligopeptides, carbobenzoxy(z)-d-phe-ile-gly, z-d-leu-ile-gly and z-d-phe-phe-gly, which mimic the n-terminal regions of f1 glycoproteins of two newcastle disease virus strains (miyadera and d26) and sendai virus, respectively. only one of these peptides, z-d-phe-phe-gly, significantly and with a similar potency inhibited viruses of homologous and heterologous f1 n-terminal sequences, suggesting no strict sequence requirement for inhibition. furthermore ... | 1990 | 2162468 |
| serum protease inhibitor abrogation of newcastle disease virus enhancement of cytolysis by recombinant tumor necrosis factors alpha and beta. | newcastle disease virus (ndv) has been used to induce regression of tumors in human cancer patients. we recently demonstrated that human malignant melanoma cells resistant to the lytic effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) become susceptible after treatment with ndv. we examined the effects of a serine protease inhibitor, n-1-tosylamide-2-phenyl-ethyl-chloromethyl ketone (tpck), on viral enhancement of tnf cytotoxicity. virulent ndv (but neither heat- nor uv-inactivated ndv) induced ... | 1990 | 2296051 |
| biological similarities of rat fibroblast interferon to human and mouse alpha interferons. | high titres of rat interferon (ifn) can be produced by rat embryo fibroblast (cd) cells after treatment with newcastle disease virus. this cd ifn was characterized by sds-page, and was found to contain three species at 30k to 33k, 25k to 27k and 17k to 22k mol. wt. antibody affinity chromatography revealed that 95% of the cd ifn bound to an anti-human leukocyte ifn antibody column, 34% to an anti-mouse l cell ifn antibody column and none to an anti-human fibroblast ifn antibody column. the ifn t ... | 1985 | 2411850 |
| synthesis of interferon in human leukocyte cells stimulated with influenza virus. | strains of influenza a virus were tested for their ability to induce interferon synthesis in suspension of human leukocytes. both, active as well as uv-inactivated strains were shown to be weak interferon inducers as compared to newcastle virus. it appeared that interferon synthesis in human leukocytes was conditioned not by infectivity of the virus but by the presence of its surface antigens--hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. | 1986 | 2430545 |
| the influence of high temperature on human cells in culture, their sensitivity to viruses and their interferon-producing capacity. | the influence of extremely high temperatures on the course of virus infection in vitro was studied. it has been shown that exposure of human cells (continuous cell line of embryonal skin-muscle tissue, donor blood leukocytes) to 43 degrees c leads to a significant increase in their sensitivity to cytopathic action of the viruses tested. noteworthy, the reproduction of these viruses under tested conditions did not differ from their reproduction in control cells. a dramatic inhibitory effect of hi ... | 1987 | 2437783 |
| rat leukocyte interferons: production of an acid-labile interferon after induction with newcastle disease virus. | rat leukocytes produce three interferon species after infection with newcastle disease virus. two of the three interferon species (22-24,000 and 30,000 daltons) were acid and heat stable, protected rat and mouse cells from virus-mediated cytopathic effect (cpe), and were neutralized by antisera to mouse l-cell (alpha/beta) interferon. the third, 30,000-dalton interferon species was heat and acid labile; protected rat, mouse, human, and bovine cells from virus-mediated cpe; and was neutralized by ... | 1987 | 2439625 |
| regulation of two interferon-inducible human genes by interferon, poly(ri).poly(rc) and viruses. | the ifi-56k and ifi-54k genes are transcriptionally stimulated when cells are treated by interferon. we have previously shown that the ifi-56k gene is in addition directly induced by poly(ri).poly(rc), and inducer of interferon-beta. since the regulation of the ifi-56k and ifi-54k genes by interferon are very much alike, we tested whether the ifi-54k gene is also directly regulated by poly(ri).poly(rc). treatment of various cell lines with poly(ri).poly(rc) leads to a clear accumulation of the i ... | 1988 | 2454816 |
| interferonogenic and antiviral effect of extracts from erodium cicutarium. ii. modulatory activity of erodium cicutarium extracts. | methanol extract from erodium cicutarium was shown not to induce interferon in a suspension of human leukocytes or in the cutaneo-muscular tissue of human embryo. it appeared to have no influence, either direct or cell-mediated, on interferon activity. however, it exerted stimulatory effect on the synthesis of interferon induced with newcastle disease virus in cell cultures. the stimulation occurred irrespective of the time of methanol extract administration (before or after viral inducer). in t ... | 1988 | 2478099 |
| influence of selected antibiotics on interferon synthesis. | this paper discusses the influence of antibiotics - penicillin, streptomycin and mitomycin c - on interferon synthesis in vivo and in vitro. none of the antibiotics investigated was interferon inducer either in the suspension of human leukocytes or in the culture of cutaneo-muscular tissue from human embryo (hat), or in mouse organism. however, the in vitro experiments revealed inhibitory effect of streptomycin and mitomycin c on the production of newcastle disease virus (ndv) - stimulated inter ... | 1989 | 2482723 |
| [interferon production by primary culture of human endothelial cells]. | endothelial cells of human umbilical vein are capable of producing interferon upon induction with newcastle disease virus, influenza virus, and poly i: poly c, but not staphylococcal enterotoxin a. all the interferons produced belonged to the alpha-type. after treatment with influenza virus the endothelial cells produce two subtypes of alpha-interferon: acid-labile and acid-stable. | 1989 | 2483824 |
| [enzyme activity of adenosine metabolism in human natural killers (nk cells) during the activation and suppression of their cytotoxic activity]. | experiments in vitro were made to study adenosine deaminase (ada) and 5'-nucleotidase (5-n) activity in nk after their treatment with interferon inductor--newcastle disease virus (ndv) or with prostaglandin e2 (pge2). it has been established that treatment of human nk with ndv leads to increasing of their cytotoxic activity (cta), which is accompanied by rising of ada activity and reducing of 5-n activity in these cells. decrease of cta under the influence of pge2 occurs together with reduction ... | 1989 | 2541832 |
| extensive antigenic diversity among human parainfluenza type 2 virus isolates and immunological relationships among paramyxoviruses revealed by monoclonal antibodies. | a panel of 128 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn), fusion (f), matrix (m), and polymerase (p) proteins, and nucleoprotein (np) of the toshiba strain of human parainfluenza type 2 virus (piv2) was prepared to examine the antigenic relationships among clinical isolates of piv2 and among paramyxoviruses by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. the hn proteins of 18 clinical isolates of piv2 showed extensive antigenic diversity: 23 of 33 anti-hn mab ... | 1989 | 2545038 |
| virus infection and interferon can activate gene expression through a single synthetic element, but endogenous genes show distinct regulation. | virus inducible elements (ie) in promoters of mouse alpha-interferon and human beta 1-interferon genes contain multiple copies of the hexanucleotide sequence agt-gaa or its variants which are also found in the interferon-stimulated response element of genes transcriptionally induced by interferon. we have examined the similarities between virus and interferon induction of gene expression and the role of agtgaa and aat-gaa hexamers in these responses. hybrid plasmids were constructed by inserting ... | 1989 | 2550451 |
| simultaneous production of interleukin 6, interferon-beta and colony-stimulating activity by fibroblasts after viral and bacterial infection. | different viruses were compared with the double-stranded rna poly(ri).poly(rc) and interleukin (il) 1 for their il 6-inducing potential in several human and animal cell types. the laboratory viruses sendai, mengo and newcastle disease virus were found to dose dependently stimulate il 6 production in diploid fibroblasts. a similar effect was obtained with the human pathogens, measles and rubella virus. concomitantly with il 6, two other cytokine activities, i.e., interferon-beta and colony-stimul ... | 1989 | 2646135 |
| analysis of the interferon system in african patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | serum interferon and in vitro production of alpha and gamma interferon by peripheral blood leucocytes were examined in 21 african patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and in 15 african patients with aids-related complex. interferon was detected in the serum of 44% of the patients with aids-related complex and in 70% of the patients with full-blown aids, and was characterized as an acid-labile alpha interferon. when compared to healthy blood donors, the interferon response of p ... | 1985 | 2990919 |
| gangliosides as paramyxovirus receptor. structural requirement of sialo-oligosaccharides in receptors for hemagglutinating virus of japan (sendai virus) and newcastle disease virus. | a sensitive assay system for receptor activity of gangliosides to paramyxovirus was developed. this system involves incorporation of gangliosides into neuraminidase-treated chicken erythrocytes (asialoerythrocytes) followed by estimation of virus-mediated agglutination and hemolysis. the asialoerythrocytes coated with i-active ganglioside (sia alpha 2-3gal beta 1-4glcnac beta 1-3(gal alpha 1-3gal beta 1-4glcnac beta 1-6)gal beta 1-4glcnac beta 1-3gal beta 1-4glc beta 1-cer) were effectively aggl ... | 1985 | 2993261 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of newcastle disease virus. | the nucleotide sequence of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) gene of newcastle disease virus (ndv) has been determined. the hn gene is 2031 nucleotides long, approximately 13.5% of the viral genome. the nucleotide sequence contains a single long open reading frame which would encode a protein of 577 amino acids, with a mol. wt. of 63,149. this is in good agreement with estimates of the molecular weight of the unglycosylated hn protein. analysis of the amino acid sequence reveals six potentia ... | 1986 | 3018130 |
| human effects of veterinary biological products. | a 14-year-old male drank two glasses of milk from a gallon inoculated with 21 vials of live virus vaccine intended to immunize 1000 baby chicks against newcastle disease. the patient was managed with catharsis and careful observation, and remained completely asymptomatic in the following 28 days. newcastle disease virus (ndv) may cause paralytic neurotropic, viscerotropic, or pneumonotropic disease in chickens, but has limited effects on humans. systemic exposure to this vaccine has not previous ... | 1986 | 3024384 |
| nucleotide sequence of the bovine parainfluenza 3 virus genome: the genes of the f and hn glycoproteins. | by analysing complementary dna clones constructed from genomic rna of bovine parainfluenza 3 virus (bpiv3), we determined the nucleotide sequence of the region containing the entire f and hn genes. their deduced amino acid sequences showed about 80% homologies with those of human parainfluenza 3 virus (hpiv3), about 45% with those of sendai virus, and about 20% with those of sv5 and newcastle disease virus (ndv), indicating, together with the results described in the preceding paper on the np, p ... | 1987 | 3031615 |
| interferon-beta gene regulation: tandemly repeated sequences of a synthetic 6 bp oligomer function as a virus-inducible enhancer. | evidence is presented that virus-induced transcriptional activation of the human interferon-beta gene is mediated by repeated sequence units each consisting of 6 bp. the repeated units are present in the region between -65 and -109 relative to the cap site. we chemically synthesized the "consensus" dna sequence units and tested their ability to confer virus inducibility on cognate and noncognate promoters. most of such sequence units when tandemly repeated indeed mediate virus-induced activation ... | 1987 | 3032451 |
| characterization and expression of a murine gene homologous to human epa/timp: a virus-induced gene in the mouse. | a genomic clone encompassing the entire coding region of a murine gene homologous to human erythroid potentiating activity/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (epa/timp) was isolated and sequenced. based on alignment with human epa/timp cdnas we deduce a structure comprising five exons and four introns extending over 4.3 kb of dna. in mouse and hamster cell lines transcription from this gene and interferon genes is induced by newcastle disease virus (ndv). examination of the 5'-flanking sequen ... | 1987 | 3034603 |
| constitutive and inducible expression of cloned human interferon-b1 gene in hela cells through an episomal eukaryotic vector. | an ecori fragment (1.83 kb) of human dna containing b1-interferon coding sequences was cloned in the episomal eukaryotic vector pbk-tk. the recombinant plasmid was transfected into thymidine kinase-deficient hela cells. thymidine kinase-positive transformants were obtained and the cells were found to express b-interferon both constitutively and after induction with newcastle disease virus or poly(ri)-poly(rc). the recombinant plasmid was present in stably transformed hela cells in an episomal st ... | 1988 | 3061379 |
| a 46-nucleotide promoter segment from an ifn-alpha gene renders an unrelated promoter inducible by virus. | a hybrid gene consisting of the human ifn-alpha 1 promoter and a beta-globin transcription unit is expressed correctly only after viral induction. to determine the region required for inducibility, 25 hybrid promoters consisting of varying upstream ifn-alpha 1 and downstream beta-globin promoter moieties were analyzed, and 5'-deletion analysis was performed on an inducible hybrid promoter. an ifn promoter region from position -109 to -64 conferred maximal inducibility on downstream beta-globin p ... | 1985 | 3986909 |
| sensitivity of ortho- and paramyxovirus replication to human interferon alpha. | replication of the influenza virus strains influenza ao/wsn (h0n1), fowl plague (hav1n1) and b-lee/40 (atcc) and the paramyxovirus, new castle disease virus (victoria) are highly sensitive to human interferon type alpha in madin darby bovine kidney cells. pretreatment of cells with human interferon type alpha resulted in protection of the cells against viral cytopathic effect. the inhibition of the orthomyxovirus strains used in this study and new castle disease virus replication is mediated by ... | 1985 | 4069110 |
| hemadsorption-negative plaque test: new assay for rubella virus revealing a unique interference. | a simple and rapid plaque procedure has been developed for detecting and accurately assaying rubella virus in a noncytopathic virus-cell relationship. plaque-formation is based on the development, in individual cells infected with rubella virus, of a unique type of intrinsic interference to infection with newcastle disease virus. rubella virus-infected cells challenged with newcastle disease virus and tested for hemadsorption 15 hours later stand out as hemadsorption-negative areas. individual l ... | 1965 | 4283964 |
| virus susceptibility of marmoset kidney cell cultures. | | 1965 | 4284315 |
| virological studies on chromosome damage of hela cells induced by myxoviruses. | | 1966 | 4290662 |
| production of interferon by human leukocytes in vitro. | | 1966 | 4290664 |
| inhibition of neuraminidase by polyanions. | | 1966 | 4291123 |
| replication of sendai virus. i. comparison of the viral rna and virus-specific rna synthesis with newcastle disease virus. | | 1968 | 4300362 |
| defectiveness of interferon production and of rubella virus interference in a line of african green monkey kidney cells (vero). | vero cells, a line of african green monkey kidney cells, failed to produce interferon when infected with newcastle disease, sendai, sindbis, and rubella viruses, although the cells were sensitive to interferon. further, infection of vero cells with rubella virus did not result in interference with the replication of echovirus 11, newcastle disease virus, or vesicular stomatitis virus, even in cultures where virtually every cell was infected with rubella virus. under the same conditions, bsc-1 ce ... | 1968 | 4302013 |
| [attempted use of the interference phenomenon for detection of probable human leukemia virus]. | | 1968 | 4310847 |
| interferon response of lymphocytes in disorders with decreased resistance to infections. | | 1970 | 4314167 |
| some properties of a new epithelial cell line of human origin. | | 1970 | 4317734 |
| establishment of human fetal intestinal organ cultures for growth of viruses. | | 1970 | 4317758 |
| viruses and chromosomes. | | 1970 | 4320571 |
| inactivation of myxoviruses by oxidized polyamines. | | 1971 | 4325087 |
| [replication complexes of some rna viruses]. | | 1971 | 4325639 |
| [the specificity of sendai virus neuraminidase]. | | 1970 | 4325902 |
| ribonucleic acid transcriptases in sendai virions and infected cells. | sendai virions contain an enzyme which catalyzes the incorporation of ribonucleotides into ribonucleic acid (rna). enzyme activity was optimal at ph 8.0 and 28 c; otherwise conditions were similar to those reported for newcastle disease virion (ndv) rna polymerase. the initial rate of rna synthesis by the sendai virion enzyme was about 10 pmoles per mg of protein per hr, but after 3 hr of incubation the rate increased about fivefold. the virion enzyme was compared with an rna polymerase in the m ... | 1971 | 4329968 |
| studies on virus-induced interferons produced by the human amniotic membrane and white blood cells. | | 1971 | 4330138 |
| early events required for induction of chromosome abnormalities in human cells by herpes simplex virus. | | 1971 | 4332968 |
| inhibition of adenovirus type 2 by human and monkey interferon. | | 1971 | 4333100 |
| [bone marrow interferon of mice]. | | 1972 | 4338885 |
| circulating interferon in rabbits after administration of human interferon by different routes. | | 1973 | 4356685 |