| quantitative aspects of the development of mosquito transmitted brugia malayi and brugia pahangi and their distribution in jirds, meriones unguiculatus. | twenty-two jirds, meriones unguiculatus, were exposed to the bites of 2250 females of aedes aegypti carrying an estimated total of 2464 larvae of brugia malayi, and 13 jirds were offered for blood feeding to 1450 mosquitoes infected with about 4460 larvae of brugia pahangi. on necropsy of the jirds, four months after feeding of the mosquitoes, a total of 88 adult filariae of b. malayi and 143 of b. pahangi were recovered in 20 and 13 jirds respectively. the majority of the adult filariae was obt ... | 1979 | 483379 |
| brugia malayi, brugia pahangi, and brugia patei: pulmonary pathology in jirds, meriones unguiculatus. | | 1976 | 976421 |
| brugia malayi: ivermectin inhibits the exsheathment of microfilariae. | brugia malayi-infected microfilaremic jirds (meriones unguiculatus) were treated with ivermectin at a single dose of 200 micrograms/kg of body weight injected subcutaneously. susceptible aedes aegypti mosquitoes were fed on treated jirds 24 hours later. mosquitoes fed on untreated jirds served as controls. infected mosquitoes were dissected at 1, 3, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr after the blood meal, and differential counts of sheathed microfilariae, exsheathed microfilariae, and cast sheaths were perfo ... | 1992 | 1539753 |
| on the infectivity of early third-stage brugia larvae isolated from the abdomen of aedes aegypti. | third-stage larvae (l3) of wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and b. pahangi are known to be recovered not only from the head and thorax but also from the abdomen of dissected vector mosquitoes. for epidemiological reasons, was of interest to determine whether l3 larvae from the abdomen of the vector would be infectious for the final host. early abdominal l3 larvae of b. pahangi isolated as early as on day 7 post-infection (p.i.) from aedes aegypti were injected s.c. into five male meriones ung ... | 1992 | 1584752 |
| brugia malayi and brugia pahangi: transmission blocking activity of ivermectin and brugian filarial infections in aedes aegypti. | brugia malayi- or brugia pahangi-infected, microfilaremic jirds (meriones unguiculatus) were treated with ivermectin at a single dose of 200 micrograms/kg body weight, administered subcutaneously. after different time intervals, aedes aegypti mosquitoes were fed on treated or untreated jirds. sausage stage, l2, and l3 larvae failed to develop in mosquitoes that fed on jirds from 15 to 30 days post-treatment. after 1 month, the numbers of l3 larvae recovered from mosquitoes fed on treated b. paha ... | 1990 | 2209785 |
| a comparison of host responses of the mongolian jird to infections of brugia malayi and b. pahangi. | host responses of jirds receiving a single subcutaneous inoculation of subperiodic brugia malayi were compared with those of jirds similarly infected with b. pahangi. parasite burdens, lymphatic lesion severity, granulomatous reactivity, antibody responses to parasite antigens, and complete blood cell counts were assessed at 60 and 150 days post-inoculation. at 60 days post-inoculation, percentages of adults recovered at necropsy and lymphatic lesion severity were greater in b. pahangi-infected ... | 1990 | 2221223 |
| variable infectivity of third-stage larvae of brugia malayi. | infectivity of third-stage larvae of brugia malayi was assessed following intraperitoneal inoculation into jirds, meriones unguiculatus. larvae were of two ages and were derived from two sites in aedes aegypti mosquitoes, i.e., specimens collected from the thorax 11 days after infection and from the head on day 14. larvae from the thorax had just completed the second moult and measured 990 to 1100 micron in length. only 6% of these specimens developed to adult worms in jirds. larvae that migrate ... | 1985 | 2866213 |
| development of brugia malayi in mongolian gerbils previously exposed to wuchereria bancrofti. | twelve mongolian gerbils, meriones unguiculatus, were infected with 100 third-stage larvae of wuchereria bancrofti. one month later these animals, along with 4 control animals, were given 100 third-stage larvae of brugia malayi. eleven of the 12 experimental animals and the 4 controls survived, and 8 of the experimental animals and all of the controls demonstrated microfilaremia after 3 months. the animals were killed at 6-months post-infection and examined for parasites. one w. bancrofti larva ... | 1987 | 3313736 |
| in vitro radioisotopic labeling of the l-3 stage of brugia malayi. | ten radioisotopes (133ba, 207bi, 109cd, 51cr, 59fe, 203hg, 54mn, 125sb and 75se) were used to label the l-3 stage of brugia malayi. the in vitro uptake at 4 hours in a buffered salt solution was greatest for 207bi and exceeded that of 203hg, by a factor of 6 and the rest of the radionuclides by factors of 26 or more. dimethylsulfoxide (dmso) (1%) in the medium only slightly enhanced the uptake of 207bi but increased 203hg uptake by a factor of 2.5. after incubation in non-radioactive medium only ... | 1986 | 3524988 |
| chronic brugia pahangi and brugia malayi infections in meriones unguiculatus. | | 1973 | 4123106 |
| worm burdens and prepatent periods in jirds (meriones unguiculatus) infected with brugia malayi. | | 1973 | 4749070 |
| distribution of developing and mature brugia malayi in rhesus monkeys and in the jird, meriones unguiculatus, after a single infection. | | 1971 | 5003272 |
| development of subperiodic brugia malayi in the jird, meriones unguiculatus, with notes on infections in other rodents. | | 1970 | 5504534 |
| brugia malayi: vaccination of jirds with 60cobalt-attenuated infective stage larvae protects against homologous challenge. | vaccination of inbred jirds (meriones unguiculatus) with 60cobalt radiation-attenuated brugia malayi infective stage larvae (l3) protected against homologous challenge given either subcutaneously (sc) or by the intraperitoneal (ip) route. groups of jirds vaccinated once sc with 75, 15 krad l3 showed from 69% to 91% reduction in recovered worms after ip challenge infection compared to infection in non-vaccinated control jirds, while 75% reduction in mean worm burden was seen in jirds receiving sc ... | 1985 | 3834797 |
| aedes (gymnometopa) mediovittatus (diptera: culicidae) as an experimental vector of brugia pahangi and b. malayi (spirurida: filariidae). | to test the susceptibility of aedes (gymnometopa) mediovittatus to infection with brugia pahangi and brugia malayi, females originating from the suburbs of san juan, puerto rico, were fed on infected gerbils (meriones unguiculatus). on average, 39.2% of the ae. mediovittatus females became infected with l3 larvae of b. pahangi and 47.4% with b. malayi. the average number of infective l3 larvae of b. pahangi and b. malayi dissected from mosquitoes was 2.6 +/- 1.2 and 2.9 +/- 1.0, respectively. th ... | 1994 | 8057319 |
| ultrastructural observations on the fate of brugia malayi in jirds previously vaccinated with irradiated infective stage larvae. | vaccination of inbred jirds (meriones unguiculatus) with 60cobalt radiation-attenuated brugia malayi infective stage larvae (l3) protected against homologous challenge given either subcutaneously (sc) or by the intraperitoneal route (ip). at necropsy numerous nodules were recovered from the peritoneal cavities of jirds which had been vaccinated sc and challenged ip. histopathologic analysis showed these to be granulomas containing dead and dying larvae and transmission electron microscopy showed ... | 1986 | 3766856 |
| effect of ivermectin on two filaria-vector pairs. brugia malayi-aedes aegypti; litomosoides sigmodontis-bdellonyssus bacoti. | the effect of ivermectin was studied on two filaria-vector pairs, brugia malayi-aedes aegypti and litomosoides sigmodontis-bdellonyssus bacoti. the rodent hosts, respectively mastomys coucha and meriones unguiculatus, were treated with ivermectin doses of 0.05 mg/kg, or 0.2 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg. batches of vectors were fed on rodents, infected or not, treated or not, from h7 to d43 post-ivermectin. vector survival was observed and dissections were performed to study the filarial development. it appe ... | 1993 | 8215116 |
| susceptibility of various mosquitoes of california to subperiodic brugia malayi. | laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the susceptibility of six species of mosquitoes, representing three genera, to subperiodic brugia malayi. the black-eye, liverpool strain of aedes aegypti was the susceptible control. mosquitoes were fed on microfilaremic jirds (meriones unguiculatus). all mosquitoes, except wild caught culex erythrothorax, were laboratory-reared and allowed to feed when 8 to 10 days old. anopheles freeborni, anopheles hermsi, and culiseta inornata proved refrac ... | 1995 | 8533667 |
| scanning electron microscopic study of nocturnally subperiodic brugia malayi (filarioidea: onchocercidae), narathiwat, southern thailand. | scanning electron microscopic (sem) observations were made on the adult females and males of nocturnally subperiodic brugia malayi (narathiwat, southern thailand) from 8-month-old intra-peritoneally infected jirds (meriones unguiculatus). descriptions of the morphological surfaces of anterior end, vulva, body cuticle, anus, posterior end of females and anterior end, body cuticle, cloaca, caudal papillae, spicules, sheath, posterior end of males were demonstrated. the comparison among these and o ... | 1987 | 3660065 |
| cryopreservation of infective-stage larvae of brugia malayi. | third-stage larvae of brugia malayi (guizhou, china strain), in rpmi-1640, 6% dmso and 15% calf serum, frozen slowly in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen prior to emersion in liquid nitrogen, remained viable for as long as as 321 days and were infective to mongolian jirds. all dmso should be removed from the freezing medium to restore larval activity after freezing. | 1987 | 3448776 |
| characterization of a monoclonal antibody against infective larvae of brugia malayi. | monoclonal antibodies were produced following immunization of mice with live infective larvae of brugia malayi. one of these, 46.08.76, is an antibody that promotes adherence of mouse peritoneal macrophages and human peripheral blood leucocytes to the infective larvae of b. malayi and wuchereria bancrofti, respectively, and kills them. fresh normal serum, as a source of complement, augments this effect. the same monoclonal antibody conferred 89% protection to jirds (meriones unguiculatus) agains ... | 1988 | 3384450 |
| basic studies on the laboratory assessment of macrofilaricides using brugia malayi in the jird, meriones unguiculatus. 2. establishment and evaluation of a new method of macrofilaricide assessment. | jird infected subcutaneously with infective stage larvae (l3) of brugia malayi were evaluated as an animal model for assessing macrofilaricides using a method of observing the change in microfilaria (mf) density but not by recovering adult worms. the animals were treated with a test compound followed by diethylcarbamazine (dec) at 50 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days for clearing the existing mf from the blood stream. a continuous decrease in mf density was observed when jirds were treated with flube ... | 1988 | 3379799 |
| deficiency of antibody responses to t-independent antigens in gerbils---meriones unguiculatus. | meriones unguiculatus commonly known as gerbils are widely used as animal models for a variety of parasitic infections such as brugia malayi, entamoeba histolytica, giardia duodenalis, toxoplasma gondi, helicobacter pylori, strongyloides stercoralis and echinococcus multilocularis. groups of balb/c mice, gerbils and xid mice were studied for antibody responses to t-independent antigens. gerbils were found to be significantly deficient in eliciting antibodies to both dextran and phosphorylcholine ... | 2002 | 11888652 |
| [observation on the factors influencing infection rate of meriones unguiculatus with brugia malayi]. | to explore the factors influencing the infection rate of m. unguiculatus with b. malayi. | 1998 | 12078206 |
| basic studies on the laboratory assessment of macrofilaricides using brugia malayi in the jird, meriones unguiculatus. 1. longevity and periodicity of microfilaremia. | the longevity and periodicity of microfilaremia were examined in the jird infected with brugia malayi to be used for assessing the filaricides. jirds 4 to 6 weeks old were inoculated subcutaneously with 100 to 200 infective larvae of b. malayi. microfilariae were present in 75 out of 94 jirds observed over 3 years and high microfilaremia, with 10 mf/microliters or higher, developed in 43 out of 75 jirds. such a high level of microfilaremia was necessary for narrowing the variation of microfilari ... | 1988 | 3379798 |
| [dynamic changes in specific antibodies in sera of mongolian jirds infected with brugia malayi during the first year infection]. | | 1988 | 3180360 |
| removal of wolbachia from brugia pahangi is closely linked to worm death and fecundity but does not result in altered lymphatic lesion formation in mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatus). | approximately 30 years ago, researchers reported intracellular bacteria in filarial nematodes. these bacteria are relatives of the arthropod symbiont wolbachia and occur in many filarial nematodes, including brugia pahangi and brugia malayi. wolbachia bacteria have been implicated in a variety of roles, including filaria development and fecundity and the pathogenesis of lymphatic lesions associated with filarial infections. however, the role of the bacteria in worm biology or filarial disease is ... | 2003 | 14638788 |
| experimental infection of subperiodic brugia malayi in laboratory rats with emphasis on evaluation by four techniques. | infective larvae of subperiodic b. malayi from south kalimantan (borneo), indonesia collected from laboratory-raised ae. togoi mosquitoes after feeding on infected mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) were inoculated subcutaneously into the groin areas of 15 sd and 36 le rats. blood was examined weekly by membrane filtration and thick smears starting 10 weeks post-infection. microfilariae were found in 3 sd and 4 le rats, the mf infection rate of 20% and 11% respectively. the prepatent peri ... | 1985 | 2869588 |
| [observation on the intake of brugia malayi microfilariae by anopheles sinensis and host efficiency]. | the experiments were carried out under the controlled conditions with temperature at 26 +/- 1 degree c and relative humidity 75-85%. the brugian microfilariae from the peritoneal cavity of mongolian jirds, mixed with rabbit blood, were ingested by anopheles mosquitoes through the artificial membrane. the experimental data show that the number of microfilariae ingested is fewer than would be expected from the microfilarial densities in the blood meal. the linear regression shows their quantitativ ... | 1989 | 2624934 |
| suppression of brugia malayi (sub-periodic) larval development in aedes aegypti (liverpool strain) fed on blood of animals immunized with microfilariae. | preliminary studies were carried out to investigate the role of filarial specific antibodies, raised in an animal model against the filarial parasite, brugia malayi (sub-periodic), in blocking their early development in an experimental mosquito host, aedes aegypti (liverpool strain). in order to generate filarial specific antibodies, mongolian gerbils, meriones unguiculatus, were immunized either with live microfilariae (mf) of b. malayi or their homogenate. mf were harvested from the peritoneal ... | 2005 | 16113889 |
| [detection of serum antibodies in jirds against antigens of brugia malayi]. | the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifa) using the infective larva (l3), adult worm (a) and microfilaria (mf) antigens was applied to detect anti-filarial antibodies in jirds (meriones unguiculatus) infected with brugia malayi. the antibodies against l3 appeared within 3 weeks after infection, followed by a and mf. the serum antibody levels in the jirds with positive infection were compared with those in the jirds with negative infection. before appearance of microfilaria, there was insignif ... | 1990 | 2208627 |
| observations on experimental infection of periodic brugia malayi in man. | three volunteers were inoculated with different numbers of infective larvae of periodic brugia malayi from an artificially infected meriones unguiculatus. at different times after inoculation, the volunteers developed clinical manifestations such as chills, fever, cough, asthma, skin itching, edema, adenolymphangitis and eosinophilia. microfilaremia was first detected at 41 and 46 weeks after inoculation in two subjects. at 11 weeks, the percentage of e-rosette forming lymphocytes in these subje ... | 1991 | 1935354 |
| the ultrastructure of adult brugia malayi (brug, 1927) (nematoda: filarioidea). | the ultrastruct of the adult subperiodic brugia malayi (brug, 1927) within pulmonary arteries of male jirds (meriones unguiculatus) was studied by transmission electron microscopy. the cuticle consists of 10 sublayers (2 of which are prominently banded) and a typical outer unit membrane. evidence is presented showing that the subcuticular region of the lateral chords comprises a functional complex of basal infoldings, multivesicular bodies, and associated mitochondria, which is probably engaged ... | 1975 | 1138041 |
| brugia timori sp. n. (nematoda: filarioidea) from flores island, indonesia. | brugia timori sp. n. from experimentally-infected mongolian jirds (meriones unguiculatus) is described. the adult male differs from other brugia species, except brugia malayi, in having a spicular ratio of 3 : 1; it differs from b. malayi in having greater numbers of subventral adanal papillae (up to 5 on each side) that are loosely spaced and irregularly positioned about the cloaca, a greater diameter of the capitulum of the left spicule, greater lengths of the proximal- and midsections of the ... | 1977 | 864573 |
| development of the timor filaria in aedes togoi: preliminary observations. | developmental stages of the timor filaria recovered from experimentally infected aedes togoi mosquitoes are described. mosquitoes were dissected and examined for larvae beginning 1 1/2 days and continuing daily for 9 days after they had fed on a carrier on the island of flores, indonesia. timor microfilariae develop rapidly to third-stage larvae within the thoracic muscles of a. togoi: the first molt occurs at 3 1/2 days, the second molt as early as 5 1/2 days, and infective forms are found at 6 ... | 1976 | 12255 |
| profiling the cellular immune response to multiple brugia pahangi infections in a susceptible host. | human lymphatic filariasis is caused primarily by brugia malayi and wuchereria bancroffi. unraveling this disease is complex, as people living in endemic areas exhibit a vast array of clinical states and immune responses. the mongolian gerbil (meriones unguiculatus)-b. pahangi model of human lymphatic filariasis has provided much information on immune parameters associated with filarial infection. prior investigations in our laboratory have shown that gerbils closely mimic a subset of patients c ... | 2005 | 17089749 |
| [studies on specific diagnostic antigen for filariasis]. | soluble antigens of adult worms (maa) and microfilariae (mfa) were analysed by means of sds-page and enzyme-linked immunoblotting (elib). the adult worms and microfilariae were collected from abdominal cavity of mongolian jirds infected with brugia malayi. the results indicated that mfa shared 64-67 kda and 56-58 kda protein components with the peritoneal fluid of the normal jirds. sera from normal jirds were found to recognize 60 kda, 74 kda and 100 kda fractions of mfa, but did not recognize a ... | 1994 | 7867158 |
| filarial glutathione-s-transferase: a potential vaccine candidate against lymphatic filariasis. | present report enumerates the vaccine potential of a glutathione-s-transferase purified from setaria cervi against lymphatic filariasis. in jirds (meriones unguiculatus) vaccination trial, a very significant 82.75% (p<0.005) reduction in adult parasite burden was observed in scgst immunized group after 90 days post brugia malayi l3 challenge. an inverse correlation between the antibody level and worm burden was found in scgst immunized group (person's correlation r=0.943, p<0.05). no recoveries ... | 2008 | 18499308 |
| specific depression of cell-mediated immunity in malayan filariasis. | the possible depression of cell-mediated immunity by long-term brugia malayi infection in jirds (meriones unguiculatus) was investigated. different groups of infected jirds were sensitized with dinitrofluorobenzene, sheep red blood cells, dirofilaria immitis adult antigens and b. malayi adult antigens. the 24-hour delayed type hypersensitivity skin response to testing with antigen was measured as an in vivo correlate of cell-mediated immunity. the delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to dinit ... | 1980 | 7445050 |
| effect of diethylcarbamazine on microfilariae of brugia malayi in the jird, meriones unguiculatus. | | 1981 | 7300035 |
| antibody response to heterologous and homologous antigens in brugia malayi- and b. pahangi-infected mongolian jirds as measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). | sequentially collected sera from mongolian jirds (meriones unguiculatus) infected with brugia malayi and b. pahangi were tested for antibodies to homologous and heterologous antigens by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). titers were less than 1:100 prior to infection and rose rapidly (within 2 weeks). peak titers were observed prior to patent microfilaremia, and high titers persisted during infection. use of the homologous antigen did not increase sensitivity or specificity of the el ... | 1981 | 7235129 |
| immunofluorescent studies in filariasis: antibody levels in jirds (meriones unguiculatus) infected with brugia malayi. | the indirect fluorescent antibody technique has been applied to detect antibody levels in jirds (meriones unguiculatus) infected with brugia malayi. sonicated antigens were prepared from microfilariae and adult worms. sonicated microfilariae were found to be satisfactory for this purpose. cyanogen bromide-activated sepharose coated with soluble antigens prepared from microfilariae and adult worms was also used to detect antibodies to brugia infections. the present observations show that these te ... | 1980 | 6997364 |
| cryopreservation of third-stage larvae of brugia malayi and dipetalonema viteae. | methods are described for the cryopreservation of third-stage larvae of brugia malayi. optimum conditions utilized larvae free from the mosquito host frozen at the rate of -1 degree or -0.8 degrees c per min in medium containing 9% dimethyl sulfoxide and 0.004 m polyvinylpyrrolidone. nonfrozen or thawed larvae were inoculated intraperitoneally into jirds (meriones unguiculatus), the thawed larvae after cryogenic storage for 5-378 days. in general, the percentage of adult worms recovered at necro ... | 1983 | 6683940 |
| evaluation of the transplantation method of adult brugia malayi into the jird, meriones unguiculatus, for testing macrofilaricides. | | 1984 | 6535855 |
| antifilarial activity of diterpenoids from taxodium distichum. | lymphatic filariasis caused by wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and b. timori, is a debilitating disease with an adverse social and economic impact. the infection remains unabated in spite of treatment with existing antifilarial drugs diethylcarbamazine (dec) and ivermectin which are chiefly microfilaricides. there is therefore, need for macrofilaricides, embryostatic agents and better microfilaricides. in the present study we explored the antifilarial potential of crude extract and its molec ... | 2016 | 27245322 |
| vaccination with recombinant brugia malayi cystatin proteins alters worm migration, homing and final niche selection following a subcutaneous challenge of mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) with b. malayi infective larvae. | cysteine protease inhibitors of brugia malayi have been ascribed to be involved in parasite development as well as to immunomodulate the host's immune response. in onchocerca volvulus, onchocystatin has been shown to induce partial protection in the mouse diffusion chamber vaccination model. in the present study we investigated the impact of vaccination with recombinant bm-cpi-1 and bm-cpi-2 proteins on protection against a subcutaneous challenge of b. malayi third stage larvae in gerbils. | 2014 | 24450869 |
| brugia pahangi: immunization with early l3 es alters parasite migration, and reduces microfilaremia and lymphatic lesion formation in gerbils (meriones unguiculatus). | previous studies have shown that intradermally (id) injected brugia pahangi l3 s migrate through various tissues and into the lymphatics of gerbils in a distinct pattern. excretory/secretory products (es) produced at the time of invasion of b. pahangi are likely to be important in this early migration phase of the parasite life cycle in their rodent host. hence, early l3 es was collected from 24h in vitro cultures of b. pahangi l3 larvae and used in immunization experiments to investigate the ef ... | 2013 | 23981910 |
| moxidectin causes adult worm mortality of human lymphatic filarial parasite brugia malayi in rodent models. | moxidectin is a macrocyclic lactone belonging to milbemycin family closely related to ivermectin and is currently progressing towards phase iii clinical trial against human infection with the filaria onchocerca volvulus (leuckart, 1894). there is a single report on the microfilaricidal and embryostatic activity of moxidectin in case of the human lymphatic filarial parasite brugia malayi (brug, 1927) in mastomys coucha (smith) but without any adulticidal action. in the present study, the in vitro ... | 2014 | 25651699 |
| hybridization between brugia malayi and brugia pahangi from south kalimantan, indonesia. | hybridization experiments were carried out between sub-periodic brugia malayi and b. pahangi recovered from cats originating from the same area in south kalimantan (borneo), indonesia. five to six week-old immature males and females of both species from mongolian gerbil (meriones unguiculatus) intraperitoneal infections were inoculated into the peritoneal cavity of other gerbils. mating occurred between the species and microfilariae developed into infective third-stage larvae in mosquitoes. larv ... | 1984 | 6505786 |
| radiolabeling of brugia malayi infective larvae in mosquitoes with 75se-methionine and detection of these larvae in tissues of the mongolian jird by autoradiography. | through preliminary experiments, an effective method for radiolabeling brugia malayi-infected mosquitoes in order to produce labeled infective brugia larvae was developed. starting on the 6th day after the infective blood meal, mosquitoes were fed a 7% sucrose solution containing 100 microci/ml 75se-l-methionine for 5 days. infective larvae, retrieved 2 days after this labeling period, averaged 381 +/- 136 counts/min. jirds were infected with these infective, labeled larvae either by allowing in ... | 1984 | 6486302 |
| intraperitoneal development of the filarial nematode brugia malayi in the mongolian jird (meriones unguiculatus). | in the present study, we describe intraperitoneal development of the fr3 strain of brugia malayi in mongolian jirds (meriones unguiculatus). the third molt for male worms occurred between 4 and 7 days postinfection (dpi) and between 4 and 8 dpi for females. the fourth and final molt occurred between days 21 and 29 for males and 25 and 34 for females, considerably earlier than the times reported for subcutaneous infection models using cats and jirds. the timing of the third molt coincided largely ... | 2014 | 24664084 |
| development of a facile system for mass production of brugia malayi in a small-space laboratory. | brugia malayi is one of the important lymphatic filarial nematodes that cause elephantiasis and disability in humans in the asian region. mass production at any stage of this nematode in both small laboratory animal hosts and mosquito vectors is still necessary in order to continue various research aspects. this study elucidated on the use of nonblood feeding or the autogenous ochlerotatus togoi (thailand strain) and male mongolian jird (meriones unguiculatus) system. this has brought about a lo ... | 2013 | 23820603 |
| high ratio of survivals and stable recovery of adult brugia malayi transplanted into the jird, meriones unguiculatus. | | 1984 | 6471528 |
| extracellular and cytoplasmic cuzn superoxide dismutases from brugia lymphatic filarial nematode parasites. | we have isolated full-length cdnas encoding two distinct types of cuzn superoxide dismutases (sods) from the filarial nematode parasite brugia pahangi. the derived amino acid sequences suggested that one class of cdnas represented a cytoplasmic form of sod and the second class represented an extracellular (ec) variant. the predicted proteins were highly homologous to each other, but the sequence of the latter contained an additional 43 residues at the n terminus, the first 16 of which were marke ... | 1994 | 8112870 |
| influence of anesthetics on the peripheral blood microfilaremia of brugia malayi in the mongolian jird, meriones unguiculatus. | the effects of anesthetics on the peripheral blood microfilaremia of brugia malayi in meriones unguiculatus were investigated. microfilaremias were assessed by orbital puncture prior to and following the use, either individually or in tandem, of ether, rompun, ketaset, and sodium pentobarbital. results indicate that the peripheral microfilaremia varied dramatically, depending on the anesthetic administered. although microfilaremias were not affected by an initial ether exposure, counts of microf ... | 1996 | 8604107 |
| fate of infective larvae of brugia malayi in the peritoneal cavity of mastomys natalensis and meriones unguiculatus. | the fate of intraperitoneally inoculated infective third-stage larvae (l3) of the nematode brugia malayi lichtenstein and the status of the peritoneal macrophage function were investigated in the susceptible rodent hosts mastomys natalensis roberts and meriones unguiculatus milne-edwards (jird). jirds and m. natalensis were inoculated intraperitoneally with 125 and 250 l3 and the worm burden and peritoneal macrophage function in the two species were compared at different days post-inoculation (d ... | 1997 | 9437845 |
| failure of highly immunogenic filarial proteins to provide host-protective immunity. | in areas that are endemic for lymphatic filariasis, there are individuals who are parasite free and who appear not to have experienced symptoms attributable to filarial infection. these "putatively immune" individuals may recognize immunogens that could be important in host protection. we have immunoscreened expression libraries expressing epitopes encoded by filarial open reading frames and have identified three antigens that are differentially recognized by the two polar clinical groups-endemi ... | 1999 | 10092477 |
| a 43-kda circulating filarial antigen fraction of wuchereria bancrofti in immunoprophylaxis against brugia malayi in jirds. | a 43 kilodaltan (kda) antigen fraction (cfa2-6) isolated from microfilaraemic plasma of bancroftian filarial patients showed selective reactivity with sera samples collected from endemic normals. antibodies raised against this antigen showed a strong reactivity with the surface of brugia malayi infective larvae as well as microfilariae. similar antigenic determinants were detected in the parasite extracts, but not in the excretory-secretory products. further analysis was done on the immunoprophy ... | 2000 | 10725691 |
| 7-o-[4-methyl piperazine-1-(2-acetyl)]-2h-1-benzopyran-2-one: a novel antifilarial lead compound. | in preliminary studies we found that benzopyrones (coumarins), which are known to exert many biological activities including anti-inflammatory effect, possess promising macrofilaricidal action as well. in order to explore the possibility of combining such a macrofilaricidal activity with the microfilaricidal potential of the known piperazine pharmacophore, we synthesized a series of compounds and evaluated their antifilarial effect. in the present study, one of these compounds, 7-o-[4-methyl pip ... | 2003 | 12826297 |
| effect of immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides on host responses and the establishment of brugia pahangi in mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatus). | infection of humans with filarial parasites has long been associated with the maintenance of a dominant th2-type host immune response. this is reflected by increases in interleukin (il)-4- and il-5-producing t cells, elevated immunoglobulin (ig)e and igg4 levels, and a pronounced eosinophilia. the mongolian gerbil (meriones unguiculatus) is permissive for the filarial nematodes brugia malayi and b. pahangi. as in humans, persistent microfilaremic infections of gerbils with brugia spp. results in ... | 2003 | 12880245 |
| brugia malayi infection in meriones unguiculatus: antibody response to recombinant bmr1. | bmr1 recombinant antigen has previously been shown to demonstrate high sensitivity and specificity in the serological diagnosis of brugian filariasis in humans. in this study, the pattern of recognition of antibody to bmr1 during brugia malayi infection was investigated by employing meriones unguiculatus as the experimental model. thirty two gerbils were infected subcutaneously with 120 l(3); and two control groups each comprising 25 animals were employed. elisa using bmr1 was used to detect fil ... | 2004 | 15491542 |
| adult 175 kda collagenase antigen of setaria cervi in immunoprophylaxis against brugia malayi in jirds. | a 175 kda antigen fraction with collagenase activity was isolated and purified from somatic extracts of adult setaria cervi females using column chromatography involving consecutive steps of deae-sepharose cl6b and sephadex g-100. the optimum ph for 175 kda collagenase was found to be ph 7.0. sensitivities to a variety of inhibitors and activators indicated that the 175 kda coilagenolytic enzyme was metalloserine in nature. the enzyme hydrolysed a variety of protein substrates such as haemoglobi ... | 2004 | 15575994 |
| identification of 38kda brugia malayi microfilarial protease as a vaccine candidate for lymphatic filariasis. | a fplc purified 38kda protease (bm mf s-7) isolated from b. malayi microfilarial soluble antigen was identified. it showed pronounced reactivity with sera collected from 'putatively immune' asymptomatic and amicrofilaraemic individuals residing in an endemic area for bancroftian filariasis. further the immune protective activity of bm mf s-7 antigen was evaluated in susceptible hosts, jirds (meriones unguiculatus) against b. malayi filarial infection. the antigen showed 89% cytotoxicity against ... | 2005 | 16187525 |
| immunoprophylactic evaluation of a 37-kda brugia malayi recombinant antigen in lymphatic filariasis. | the brugia malayi filarial antigens recognised preferentially by sera from an endemic normal population are considered to be potential vaccine candidates. by immunoscreening the cdna library of the infective l3 stage of b. malayi with pooled endemic normal sera, a cdna clone bm-sl3 was identified. analysis of sera from different patient groups with the rbm-sl3 protein showed it to be highly reactive with endemic normal sera compared to its reactivity with microfilaraemic and non-endemic normal s ... | 2006 | 16524413 |
| vaccination with setaria cervi 175 kda collagenase induces high level of protection against brugia malayi infection in jirds. | a zinc containing metalloprotease, 175 kda collagenase, purified from adult female setaria cervi showed strong cross-reactivity with sera from putatively immune (pi) individuals (unpublished observation) and induced cytotoxicity to b. malayi l3 larvae and microfilariae by adcc mechanism [srivastava y, bhandari yp, reddy mvr, harinath bc, rathaur s. an adult 175 kda collagenase antigen of setaria cervi in immunoprophylaxis against brugia malayi. j helminth 2004;78:347-52]. these preliminary obser ... | 2006 | 16870314 |
| ultrasonography in filaria-infected rodents: detection of adult litomosoides sigmodontis and brugia malayi filariae. | to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonography (usg) in the detection of adult filariae in rodents. wuchereria bancrofti are frequently detected using usg in humans, whereas adult brugia malayi have not been so far. | 2006 | 16930260 |
| prophylactic evaluation of recombinant extracellular superoxide dismutase of brugia malayi in jird model. | the immunoscreening of brugia malayi adult cdna library with pooled endemic normal sera identified several seroreactive clones including, ec-sod which contained a 612 bp insert and showed significant nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence homologies with superoxide dismutase (sod) of other nematode parasites. the sods are known to play an important role in the protection of parasite against reactive oxygen species of the host. the coding region of the b. malayi ec-sod (bmec-sod) was cloned a ... | 2008 | 18524430 |
| immunization with inflammatory proteome of brugia malayi adult worm induces a th1/th2-immune response and confers protection against the filarial infection. | mastomys coucha and jirds (meriones unguiculatus) were immunized with four cytokine-stimulating sds-page resolved fractions f5 (68-84 kda), f6 (54-68 kda), f10 (38-42 kda) and f14 (20-28 kda) of brugia malayi adult worm to determine which of these fractions has the potential to influence the establishment of subsequently introduced b. malayi infection in the animals. the proteins in the fractions were analyzed by 2de and maldi-tof. immunization with f6 suppressed the establishment of third stage ... | 2009 | 19450648 |
| tetracycline treatment targeting wolbachia affects expression of an array of proteins in brugia malayi parasite. | wolbachia is an intracellular endosymbiont of brugia malayi parasite whose presence is essential for the survival of the parasite. treatment of b. malayi-infected jirds with tetracycline eliminates wolbachia, which affects parasite survival and fitness. in the present study we have tried to identify parasite proteins that are affected when wolbachia is targeted by tetracycline. for this wolbachia depleted parasites (b. malayi) were obtained by tetracycline treatment of infected mongolian jirds ( ... | 2009 | 19722191 |
| antifilarial activity in vitro and in vivo of some flavonoids tested against brugia malayi. | we evaluated the antifilarial activity of 6 flavonoids against the human lymphatic filarial parasite brugia malayi using an in vitro motility assay with adult worms and microfilariae, a biochemical test for viability (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (mtt)-reduction assay), and two animal models, meriones unguiculatus (implanted adult worms) and mastomys coucha (natural infections). in vitro, naringenin and hesperetin killed the adult worms and inhibited (>60%) mtt-re ... | 2010 | 20609356 |
| gedunin and photogedunin of xylocarpus granatum possess antifilarial activity against human lymphatic filarial parasite brugia malayi in experimental rodent host. | the present study is aimed to evaluate antifilarial activity of xylocarpus granatum (fruit from andaman) against human lymphatic filarial parasite brugia malayi in vivo. the in vitro antifilarial activity has already been reported earlier for this mangrove plant which has traditionally been used against several ailments. aqueous ethanolic crude extract, four fractions (ethyl acetate fraction, n-butanol fraction, water-soluble fraction and water-insoluble fraction) and pure molecule/s of x. grana ... | 2011 | 21523424 |
| real-time pcr detection of the hhai tandem dna repeat in pre- and post-patent brugia malayi infections: a study in indonesian transmigrants. | lymphatic filariasis caused by wuchereria bancrofti or brugia spp. is a public health problem in developing countries. to monitor bancroftian filariasis infections, circulating filarial antigen (cfa) test is commonly used, but for brugian infections only microfilariae (mf) microscopy and indirect igg4 antibody analyses are available. improved diagnostics for detecting latent infections are required. | 2014 | 24685183 |
| vaccination with a genetically modified brugia malayi cysteine protease inhibitor-2 reduces adult parasite numbers and affects the fertility of female worms following a subcutaneous challenge of mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) with b. malayi infective larvae. | vaccination of mongolian gerbils with brugia malayi cysteine protease inhibitor-2 in which the amino acid asn66 was mutated to lys66 (bm-cpi-2m) resulted in reduced parasite numbers of 48.6% and 48.0% at 42 and 90 days p.i. with b. malayi l3s. fertility of female worms was also affected at 90 days p.i. in vitro killing of l3s observed in the presence of gerbil peritoneal exudate cells and anti-bm-cpi-2m sera suggests antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity as a putative protective mechanis ... | 2014 | 24929131 |
| synthesis and antifilarial activity of chalcone-thiazole derivatives against a human lymphatic filarial parasite, brugia malayi. | here we report the synthesis of novel chalcone-thiazole compounds and their antifilarial activity. the antifilarial properties of these hybrids were assessed against microfilariae as well as adult worms of brugia malayi. among all the synthesized compounds, only two compounds, namely 4g and 4n were identified to be promising in vitro. these active compounds were tested in b. malayi-jird (meriones unguiculatus) and b. malayi-mastomys coucha models. compound 4n showed 100% embryostatic effect and ... | 2014 | 24863844 |
| novel microfilaricidal activity of nanosilver. | the currently available drug repertoire against lymphatic filariasis, a major health hazard in the developing world, is inadequate and is fraught with serious limitations. thus, the development of an effective antifilarial strategy has become a global research thrust mandated by the world health organization. nanoparticles of silver endowed with antibacterial potency are known to induce apoptosis in eukaryotic cells. the present study was designed to investigate the possible microfilaricidal eff ... | 2012 | 22393295 |
| anti-filarial activity of novel formulations of albendazole against experimental brugian filariasis. | the study was aimed at developing better orally active albendazole (alb) formulations. six formulations (alb-1 to alb-6) were prepared and tested against brugia malayi in mastomys coucha and jird (meriones unguiculatus) at 200 mg/kg, orally, for 5 consecutive days. the anti-filarial efficacy was assessed against microfilariae (mf), adult worms and female reproductive potential. three of the 6 alb formulations showed greatly improved female worm sterilizing potential (alb-1: 90%; alb-3: 63%; alb- ... | 2007 | 17078904 |
| prior killing of intracellular bacteria wolbachia reduces inflammatory reactions and improves antifilarial efficacy of diethylcarbamazine in rodent model of brugia malayi. | the discovery of the endosymbiont wolbachia, which has a mutualistic relationship with filarial nematodes, and its importance in filarial parasite biology has provided a lead for developing novel chemotherapeutic agents against human filariasis. wolbachia also appears to be involved in immunopathological responses as well as adverse reactions after antifilarial therapy. the aim of the present study was to explore the potential of administering anti-wolbachial therapy before antifilarial treatmen ... | 2008 | 18180957 |