| pathogenesis of intestinal cryptosporidiosis in conventional and gnotobiotic piglets. | the pathogenesis of intestinal cryptosporidiosis was studied in 52 conventionally reared and 20 gnotobiotically reared piglets by inoculation with different doses of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. the prepatent period of c. parvum in both groups of animals were variable, depending on the number of oocysts administered. the patent period of c. parvum in conventionally reared piglets was 8 or 9 days; in gnotobiotic piglets cryptosporidia were found in feces until day post infection (dpi) 16, when ... | 1992 | 1496800 |
| [livestock manure as a vector for parasites--a report of experiences]. | analysing the results of own investigations and informations in literature a review is given about the role of manure specially in stables of high-intensity cattle and pig production as a vector for exogenic parasite stages. in the course of investigations--in most cases simulating practice conditions--so-called indicator germs were used as test material. in cattle stables manure is significant as a vector for eimeria species, cryptosporidium parvum, sarcocystis species, taenia saginata and fasc ... | 1991 | 1914947 |
| some infectious causes of diarrhea in young farm animals. | escherichia coli, rotaviruses, and cryptosporidium parvum are discussed in this review as they relate to enteric disease in calves, lambs, and pigs. these microorganisms are frequently incriminated as causative agents in diarrheas among neonatal food animals, and in some cases different strains or serotypes of the same organism cause diarrhea in humans. e. coli causes diarrhea by mechanisms that include production of heat-labile or heat-stable enterotoxins and synthesis of potent cytotoxins, and ... | 1990 | 2224836 |
| isolation and characterization of species-specific dna probes from taenia solium and taenia saginata and their use in an egg detection assay. | cysticercosis results from ingestion of the eggs of the tapeworm taenia solium. reduction of the incidence of human and swine cysticercosis requires identification and treatment of individuals who carry the adult tapeworm. t. solium and taenia saginata eggs cannot be differentiated on the basis of morphology; thus, in order to improve existing methods for the diagnosis of taeniasis, we have developed highly sensitive, species-specific dna probes which differentiate t. solium and t. saginata. rec ... | 1995 | 7615742 |
| paromomycin treatment against cryptosporidiosis in patients with aids. | | 1995 | 7706794 |
| major antigens of cryptosporidium parvum recognised by serum antibodies from different infected animal species and man. | serum humoral immune response to cryptosporidium parvum was evaluated in six species: mouse, rabbit, lamb, calf, pig and man. electrophoretic and immunoblot analysis showed that specific animal antibody response appeared between day 4 and day 15 post inoculation. the two main target antigens had apparent molecular weights of 15-17 and 23 kda. they were recognised by each species studied. serum iga intensively recognised the 15-17 kda antigen, except in rabbit. this study demonstrates that these ... | 1994 | 7886907 |
| evaluation of an animal model system for cryptosporidiosis: therapeutic efficacy of paromomycin and hyperimmune bovine colostrum-immunoglobulin. | several immunodeficient rodent models currently exist in which persistent, largely asymptomatic, cryptosporidium parvum infections can be established. piglets, in contrast, develop a self-limiting diarrheal illness. we have consequently developed an animal model system in which scid mice were used to screen drugs for inhibitory activity against c. parvum, after which the drugs' therapeutic potential was evaluated with piglets. paromomycin and hyperimmune bovine colostrum-immunoglobulin were sele ... | 1994 | 8556484 |
| serologic responses of cattle and other animals infected with neospora caninum. | to examine cross-reactivity among neospora caninum and closely-related apicomplexans. | 1996 | 8669764 |
| comparison of oocyst shedding and the serum immune response to cryptosporidium parvum in cattle and pigs. | a comparison was made between oocyst shedding and the presence of specific serum igg antibodies to cryptosporidium parvum in 108 bovines and 90 pigs. oocysts were detected by a commercial immunofluorescence assay in feces from 26.8% of bovines and 34.4% of pigs, whereas positive titers as determined by an indirect fluorescent antibody method were found in sera from 12.9% and 48.9% of the respective animals. infection was significantly most frequent in suckling calves (82.7%) and weaned piglets ( ... | 1996 | 8832734 |
| prevalence of and associated risk factors for shedding cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and giardia cysts within feral pig populations in california. | populations of feral pigs (sus scrofa) may serve as an environmental reservoir of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and giardia sp. cysts for source water. we conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of and associated demographic and environmental risk factors for the shedding of c. parvum oocysts and giardia sp. cysts. feral pigs were either live-trapped or dispatched from 10 populations located along the coastal mountains of western california, and fecal samples were obtained ... | 1997 | 9327560 |
| [the prevalence of cryptosporidia among agricultural animals in azerbaijan]. | in the paper are presented the data on revealement of cryptosporidian oocysts (apicomplexa, sporozoa) in feces of cattle, swine and sheep of different ages and results of the experimental infection of laboratory animals (rats, mice, rabbits, coypus) with the oocysts detected as well. the latters were attributed to cryptosporidium parvum species. the analysis of the size characteristic in the isolates of naturally and artificially infected hosts has shown that the oocysts dimensions might vary bo ... | 1996 | 9480451 |
| dna sequence similarity between california isolates of cryptosporidium parvum. | we evaluated whether nucleic acid amplification with primers specific for cryptosporidium parvum followed by automated dna sequence analysis of the pcr amplicons could differentiate between california isolates of c. parvum obtained from livestock, humans, and feral pigs. almost complete sequence identity existed among the livestock isolates and between the livestock and human isolates. dna sequences from feral pig isolates differed from those from livestock and humans by 1.0 to 1.2%. the referen ... | 1998 | 9546195 |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium from various hosts. | a 298 bp region of the cryptosporidium parvum 18s rdna and a 390 bp region of the acetyl-coa synthetase gene were sequenced for a range of human and animal isolates of cryptosporidium from different geographical areas. a distinct genotype is common to isolates from cattle, sheep and goats and also an alpaca from peru and is referred to here as the 'calf'-derived cryptosporidium genotype. another genotype of 'human'-derived isolates also appears to be conserved amongst human isolates although hum ... | 1998 | 9695098 |
| genetic diversity within cryptosporidium parvum and related cryptosporidium species. | to assess the genetic diversity in cryptosporidium parvum, we have sequenced the small subunit (ssu) rrna gene of seven cryptosporidium spp., various isolates of c. parvum from eight hosts, and a cryptosporidium isolate from a desert monitor. phylogenetic analysis of the ssu rrna sequences confirmed the multispecies nature of the genus cryptosporidium, with at least four distinct species (c. parvum, c. baileyi, c. muris, and c. serpentis). other species previously defined by biologic characteris ... | 1999 | 10427023 |
| bovine milk antibodies for health. | the immunoglobulins of bovine colostrum provide the major antimicrobial protection against microbial infections and confer a passive immunity to the newborn calf until its own immune system matures. the concentration in colostrum of specific antibodies against pathogens can be raised by immunising cows with these pathogens or their antigens. immune milk products are preparations made of such hyperimmune colostrum or antibodies enriched from it. these preparations can be used to give effective sp ... | 2000 | 11242458 |
| prevalence of enteropathogens in suckling and weaned piglets with diarrhoea in southern germany. | faecal samples from suckling (n = 205) and weaned piglets (n = 82) with diarrhoea from 24 farms in southern germany were examined for shedding of important metazoic parasitic, viral and bacterial pathogens using culture, microscopic and electronmicroscopic methods. escherichia coli isolates were tested further for the enterotoxin genes est-ia and elt-i by colony blot hybridization. isospora suis was diagnosed in 26.9% and cryptosporidium parvum in 1.4% of the piglets investigated. the proportion ... | 2001 | 11315526 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidium parvum infections in weaned piglets and fattening porkers in kanagawa prefecture, japan. | fecal samples from 232 weaned piglets (1 and 3 months old) and 252 fattening porkers (6 months old) in 8 stock-raising farms located in kanagawa prefecture, japan, from june 1998 to june 2000 were examined to determine the prevalence of cryptosporidium infection. detection of oocysts was performed using the ethyl acetate fecal concentration method and immunofluorescent staining. c. parvum oocysts were identified in 77 (33.2%) 1-3 months old weaned piglets from four farms. the odds of excreting a ... | 2001 | 11326125 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of cryptosporidium species and isolates. | recent outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis from contaminated water supplies have led to a need for the detection of cryptosporidium oocysts from various hosts and contaminating sources. the presence of nonpathogenic species or strains of cryptosporidium is important for diagnostic purposes as there is a potential for false- positive detection of pathogenic parasites. the present review focuses on phenotypic differences and recent advances in genotypic analyses of the genus cryptosporidium with an emp ... | 2001 | 11420647 |
| pathogenesis of human and bovine cryptosporidium parvum in gnotobiotic pigs. | to compare the pathogenesis of human genotype 1 (hug1) and bovine genotype 2 (bog2) cryptosporidium parvum, neonatal gnotobiotic pigs were given 1-10 hug1 or bog2 oocysts. the prepatent and patent periods were significantly longer for hug1 than for bog2 c. parvum (prepatent, 8.6 vs. 5.6 days; patent, 16.6 vs. 10.3 days). bog2-infected pigs developed significantly more severe disease than did hug1-infected pigs. bog2 parasites were seen microscopically throughout the intestines during the prepate ... | 2002 | 12195362 |
| genetic analysis of a cryptosporidium parvum human genotype 1 isolate passaged through different host species. | cryptosporidium parvum tu502, a genotype 1 isolate of human origin, was passaged through three different mammalian hosts, including humans, pigs, and calves. it was confirmed to be genotype 1 by pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein gene, direct sequencing of pcr fragments of the small subunit rrna and beta-tubulin genes, and microsatellite analysis. this isolate was shown to be genetically stable when passaged through the three mammalia ... | 2002 | 12228296 |
| cloning and phylogenetic analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer-1 (its1) of cryptosporidium wrairi and its relationship to c. parvum genotypes. | we have cloned and sequenced the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer-1 (its1) of cryptosporidium wrairi. phylogenetic analysis of this region provided further support to the validity of c. wrairi as a distinct species and also to the concept that many of the genotypes recently identified within c. parvum are in fact separate species. analysis placed the "cattle" and "mouse" genotypes of c. parvum as each other's closest relatives and c. wrairi as a sister group to these two genotypes, followed ... | 2001 | 12402523 |
| pathogenicity of cryptosporidium parvum--evaluation of an animal infection model. | with the intention of developing a standardised method for assessment of pathogenicity of cryptosporidium parvum, the cpb-0 isolate was studied by propagation in 1-day-old calves followed by inoculation into specific pathogen free (spf) piglets. the experiment was repeated. diarrhoea and shedding of oocysts were seen in all animals infected with the cpb-0 isolate. clinical signs included depression, inappetence, vomiting (exclusively in the piglets), and death. histological examination at 17 and ... | 2003 | 12651216 |
| characterization of cryptosporidium meleagridis of human origin passaged through different host species. | cryptosporidium meleagridis, a protozoon first observed in turkeys, has been linked by several investigators to cryptosporidiosis in humans. c. meleagridis is the only known cryptosporidium species that infects both avian and mammalian species. we describe the successful propagation of c. meleagridis (isolate tu1867), originally purified from a patient with diarrhea, in laboratory animals including chickens, mice, piglets, and calves. tu1867 was readily transmitted from one animal host to anothe ... | 2003 | 12654797 |
| recovery and enumeration of cryptosporidium parvum from animal fecal matrices. | accurate quantification of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in animal fecal deposits on land is an essential starting point for estimating watershed c. parvum loads. due to the general poor performance and variable recovery efficiency of existing enumeration methods, protocols were devised based on initial dispersion of oocysts from feces by vortexing in 2 mm tetrasodium pyrophosphate, followed by immunomagnetic separation. the protocols were validated by using an internal control seed preparation ... | 2003 | 12732556 |
| cryptosporidium parvum: infectivity and pathogenicity of the 'porcine' genotype. | genetic studies have demonstrated profound differences between the 'porcine' genotype of cryptosporidium parvum, versus 'human' and 'bovine' genotypes. the study analysed infectivity and pathogenicity of the 'porcine' genotype (cpp-13 isolate) of c. parvum, and compared the results with published data on the 'bovine' genotype (cpb-0 isolate). this was investigated in calves and piglets from commercial herds. piglets were mildly affected by the cpp-13 isolate, contrary to piglets infected with th ... | 2003 | 12793644 |
| coinfection by cryptosporidium parvum and porcine circovirus type 2 in weaned pigs. | routine histopathological diagnosis of one representative 3-month-old pig from a group suffering from diarrhoea revealed a massive degree of parasitation by cryptosporidium parvum, with a concomitant infection by porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), that was confirmed by immunohistochemical procedures. the areas of intestine where parasites were more numerous presented abundant pcv2 infected cells in mucosa and submucosa. the concurrence of c. parvum, a rare primary intestinal pathogen in post-wean ... | 2003 | 12864903 |
| nitric oxide synthase stimulates prostaglandin synthesis and barrier function in c. parvum-infected porcine ileum. | cell culture models implicate increased nitric oxide (no) synthesis as a cause of mucosal hyperpermeability in intestinal epithelial infection. no may also mediate a multitude of subepithelial events, including activation of cyclooxygenases. we examined whether no promotes barrier function via prostaglandin synthesis using cryptosporidium parvum-infected ileal epithelium in residence with an intact submucosa. expression of no synthase (nos) isoforms was examined by real-time rt-pcr of ileal muco ... | 2004 | 15155179 |
| parasitic zoonoses in papua new guinea. | relatively few species of zoonotic parasites have been recorded in humans in papua new guinea. a greater number of potentially zoonotic species, mostly nematodes, occur in animals but are yet to be reported from humans. protozoa is the best represented group of those infecting man, with giardia duodenalis, cryptosporidium parvum, cyclospora cayetanesis, toxoplasma gondii, sarcocystis spp., entamoeba polecki, balantidium coli and, possibly, blastocystis hominis. the only zoonotic helminths infect ... | 2005 | 15831107 |
| infectivity of cryptosporidium parvum genotype i in conventionally reared piglets and lambs. | parasites of the genus cryptosporidium are intracellular parasites that occur throughout the animal kingdom and have been reported in many species of mammals, including human. most infections in humans are caused by two c. parvum genotypes, genotype i and genotype ii; these are the human and the bovine (zoonotic) genotypes, respectively. successful experimental infection of cryptosporidium parvum genotype i "human genotype" is described in four conventionally reared piglets and in a lamb. the in ... | 2003 | 12783313 |
| declines of zoonotic agents in liquid livestock wastes stored in batches on-farm. | to measure the decline rates of zoonotic agents introduced into liquid livestock wastes in on-farm storage tanks. | 2005 | 15960665 |
| biology of cryptosporidium parvum in pigs: from weaning to market. | cryptosporidium parvum is commonly identified as infecting domestic livestock and humans. prevalence of c. parvum in pigs has been reported, however, the duration and infection pattern of naturally acquired cryptosporidium infections in pigs has not been reported. this study was undertaken to investigate the age of oocyst shedding and duration of natural cryptosporidium parvum infections in pigs from weaning to market weight. fecal samples were collected from weaned yorkshire-landrace piglets (n ... | 2003 | 12651214 |
| cryptosporidium hominis n. sp. (apicomplexa: cryptosporidiidae) from homo sapiens. | the structure and infectivity of the oocysts of a new species of cryptosporidium from the feces of humans are described. oocysts are structurally indistinguishable from those of cryptosporidium parvum. oocysts of the new species are passed fully sporulated, lack sporocysts. and measure 4.4-5.4 microm (mean = 4.86) x 4.4-5.9 microm (mean = 5.2 microm) with a length to width ratio 1.0-1.09 (mean 1.07) (n = 100). oocysts were not infectious for arc swiss mice, nude mice. wistar rat pups, puppies, k ... | 2002 | 12503676 |
| genotyping of single cryptosporidium oocysts in sewage by semi-nested pcr and direct sequencing. | this study describes an approach for genotyping individual cryptosporidium oocysts obtained from sewage. we isolated single immunofluorescent assay (ifa)-stained cryptosporidium oocysts from sewage concentrate using glass capillary pipettes and inverted epifluorescence microscopy. each isolated cryptosporidium oocyst was analyzed by semi-nested pcr for the 18s rrna gene and direct sequencing of the pcr products. a total of 74 of 107 oocysts isolated from sewage were genotyped successfully. of th ... | 2006 | 16790257 |
| neutrophils do not mediate the pathophysiological sequelae of cryptosporidium parvum infection in neonatal piglets. | cryptosporidium parvum is a minimally invasive protozoal pathogen of intestinal epithelium that results in villus atrophy, mucosal lipid peroxidation, diarrhea, and diminished barrier function. influx of neutrophils is a consistent feature of human and animal cryptosporidiosis, and yet their contribution to the pathological sequelae of infection has not been investigated. accordingly, we used an established neonatal piglet model of c. parvum infection to examine the role of neutrophils in diseas ... | 2006 | 16988224 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidium species in intensively farmed pigs in ireland. | natural cryptosporidium infections in pigs are widespread but generally apathogenic. this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of zoonotic cryptosporidium spp. in piggeries in ireland, where the drinking water supply is particularly vulnerable to contamination with zoonotic species. overall, infections were detected in 39 out of 342 animals (11.4%), with highest infection rates among weaners (15%) and sows (13.3%). twenty-nine positive samples were genotyped based on ssu rrna sequenc ... | 2007 | 17565758 |
| prevalence of giardia and cryptosporidium and characterization of cryptosporidium spp. isolated from wildlife, human, and agricultural sources in the north saskatchewan river basin in alberta, canada. | the environmental distribution of giardia spp. and cryptosporidium spp. is dependent upon human, agricultural, and wildlife sources. the significance of each source with regard to the presence of parasites in the environment is unknown. this 2-year study examined parasite prevalence in human sewage influent, wildlife, and agricultural sources associated with the north saskatchewan river basin in alberta, canada. fecal samples were collected from cow-calf, dairy, and hog operations in the watersh ... | 2002 | 12166680 |
| variability among cryptosporidium parvum genotype 1 and 2 immunodominant surface glycoproteins. | published genomic differences between cryptosporidium parvum genotype 1 (human-derived) and genotype 2 (animal and human-derived) isolates suggest that these may belong to two distinct species. this is of significant interest since genotype 1 isolates are associated with sporadic cases of human cryptosporidiosis in 30-40 % of cases in contrast to 60-70 % of cases caused by genotype 2. the lower genetic sequence similarity between genotype 1 and 2 surface glycoproteins (gp40/15) suggests that ant ... | 2002 | 12120593 |
| animal propagation and genomic survey of a genotype 1 isolate of cryptosporidium parvum. | human cryptosporidiosis is attributed to two major cryptosporidium parvum genotypes of which type 1 appears to be the predominant. most laboratory investigations however are performed using genotype 2 isolates, the only type which readily infects laboratory animals. so far type 1 has only been identified in humans and primates. a type 1 isolate, obtained from an individual with hiv and cryptosporidiosis, was successfully adapted to propagate in gnotobiotic piglets. genotypic characterization of ... | 2000 | 10838221 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidium genotypes in pre and post-weaned pigs in australia. | a total of 289 pig faecal samples were collected from pre-weaned and post-weaned piglets and sows from 1 indoor and 3 outdoor piggeries located in the south-west region of western australia and screened at the 18s rrna locus for the presence of cryptosporidium. an overall prevalence of 22.1% (64/289) was identified. cryptosporidium was more prevalent in post-weaned animals (p<0.05); 32.7% (51/156) versus 10.6% (13/123) for pre-weaned animals. sequence analysis identified cryptosporidium suis in ... | 2008 | 18486131 |
| phylogenetic relationships among isolates of cryptosporidium: evidence for several new species. | isolates of cryptosporidium were characterized using nucleotide sequence analysis of the 18s rrna and dihydrofolate reductase genes and also random-amplified polymorphic dna analysis. phylogenetic analysis confirmed the validity of the species of cryptosporidium examined in this study such as cryptospordium muris and cryptosporidium baileyi, and also reinforced evidence from numerous researchers worldwide suggesting that cryptosporidium parvum is not a single uniform species. the data obtained p ... | 1999 | 10647047 |
| method for detection and enumeration of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in feces, manures, and soils. | eight concentration and purification methods were evaluated to determine percentages of recovery of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts from calf feces. the nacl flotation method generally resulted in the highest percentages of recovery. based on the percentages of recovery, the amounts of fecal debris in the final oocyst preparations, the relatively short processing time (<3 h), and the low expense, the nacl flotation method was chosen for further evaluation. extraction efficiency was evaluated by u ... | 1999 | 10388670 |
| molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis: an update. | molecular tools have been developed to detect and differentiate cryptosporidium at the species/genotype and subtype levels. these tools have been increasingly used in characterizing the transmission of cryptosporidium spp. in humans and animals. results of these molecular epidemiologic studies have led to better appreciation of the public health importance of cryptosporidium species/genotypes in various animals and improved understanding of infection sources in humans. geographic, seasonal and s ... | 2010 | 19358845 |
| cryptosporidium pig genotype ii in immunocompetent man. | | 2009 | 19523313 |
| efficacy of nitazoxanide against cryptosporidium parvum in cell culture and in animal models. | nitazoxanide (ntz), a drug currently being tested in human clinical trials for efficacy against chronic cryptosporidiosis, was assessed in cell culture and in two animal models. the inhibitory activity of ntz was compared with that of paromomycin (prm), a drug that is partially effective against cryptosporidium parvum. a concentration of 10 microg of ntz/ml (32 microm) consistently reduced parasite growth in cell culture by more than 90% with little evidence of drug-associated cytotoxicity, in c ... | 1998 | 9687390 |
| bovine fallopian tube epithelial cells, adult c57bl/6 mice, and non-neonatal pigs as models for cryptosporidiosis. | | 1997 | 9508447 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidium infections in pigs in aragón (northeastern spain). | faecal samples from 620 pigs randomly selected from 27 farms throughout aragón were examined to determine the prevalence of cryptosporidium infections. detection of oocysts was performed using the ethyl-acetate stool concentration method and the modified ziehl-neelsen technique. cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were identified in 136 (21.9%) pigs from 21 (77.8%) farms. infected animals ranged from 1 to 6 months old and oocysts were not detected in suckling piglets or adults. infection rates were s ... | 1996 | 9011017 |
| detection and differentiation of coccidian oocysts by real-time pcr and melting curve analysis. | abstract rapid and reliable detection and identification of coccidian oocysts are essential for animal health and food-borne disease outbreak investigations. traditional microscopy and morphological techniques can identify large and unique oocysts, but are often subjective and require parasitological expertise. the objective of this study was to develop a real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay with melting curve analysis (mca) to detect, differentiate, and identify dna from coccidian species of ... | 2011 | 21506835 |
| detection of cryptosporidium oocysts in extra-intestinal tissues of sheep and pigs. | extra-intestinal infections by cryptosporidium parvum have been detected in pigs and sheep. detection was carried out by imprints of the mucosa of different organs and viscera in 55 sheep and 57 pigs slaughtered at three abattoirs in zaragoza (northeast spain). imprints were stained by using a modified ziehl-neelsen technique. in addition to intestinal infections, cryptosporidial oocysts were found in the gall-bladders of two pigs which were 2 months old, and in some organs of sheep aged 5 days ... | 1995 | 8533278 |
| risk factors for cryptosporidium diarrhea in early childhood: a case-control study from guinea-bissau, west africa. | cryptosporidium is increasingly recognized as an important agent of diarrhea in normal and immunocompromised humans. in young children in developing countries the parasite is a cause of persistent diarrhea with an associated excess mortality. to elucidate possible determinants of cryptosporidiosis, an open cohort of young children from a semiurban area of the capital of guinea-bissau was followed for 2 years. data about possible risk factors were recorded each month, and a nested case-control st ... | 1994 | 8166134 |
| humoral antibody response and oocyst shedding after experimental infection of histocompatible newborn and weaned piglets with cryptosporidium parvum. | experimental inoculations (mono- and multi-inoculations) with c parvum isolated from a diarrheic child and maintained on calves, were performed on 2 histocompatible miniature (d/d haplotype) weaned 4-week-old piglets and 2 newborn piglets. in each group, 1 piglet received water at the moment of inoculation and served as a negative control. our results showed that the piglet strain used was resistant to cryptosporidiosis. no clinical sign or oocyst shedding were observed in newborn piglets. a ver ... | 1994 | 8087146 |
| temporal changes in permeability and structure of piglet ileum after site-specific infection by cryptosporidium parvum. | cryptosporidiosis is an important enteric infection associated with diarrhea in humans. the structural and functional basis for diarrhea is poorly understood. the aim of the study was to determine the structural and functional basis of diarrhea in cryptosporidiosis during evolving host cell-parasite interactions in the intestine. | 1995 | 7698569 |
| an unusual localization of developmental stages of cryptosporidium parvum tyzzer, 1912 in the cells of small intestine of a gnotobiotic piglet. | in a gnotobiotic piglet infected with 50.10(6) oocysts of cryptosporidium parvum, developmental stages of the parasite were found in the duodenum, anterior jejunum and middle jejunum on the first day post infection (1 dpi). during the studies of the ultrastructure, trophozoites and meronts of c. parvum were encountered in the microvillous zone of enterocytes, and the outer membrane of parasites was a continuation of the membrane of microvilli. unusual was the attachment of c. parvum trophozoite ... | 1989 | 2583612 |
| cryptosporidium parvum in cattle, sheep and pigs in galicia (n.w. spain). | infection by cryptosporidium parvum has been detected for the first time in cattle and swine in galicia (n.w. spain). the organisms were also found in one of 69 sheep examined. although in most cases the parasite was found in young diarrhoeic animals, its presence in asymptomatic mature cattle and piglets was also detected. | 1991 | 1858293 |
| characterisation of a cryptosporidium isolate from water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) by sequencing of a fragment of the cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein gene (cowp). | cryptosporidium oocysts were detected using a direct immunofluorescence antibody test in the faeces of an asymptomatic water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) heifer from a dairy farm close to santiago de compostela (nw spain). oocysts were morphologically indistinguishable from cryptosporidium parvum. using dna extracted from this sample and a pcr-rflp analysis of a 341 base pairs fragment of the cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (cowp) gene, a previously undescribed fragment pattern was generated. t ... | 2005 | 15935559 |
| cryptosporidium suis n. sp. (apicomplexa: cryptosporidiidae) in pigs (sus scrofa). | molecular and biological characteristics of a new species of cryptosporidium from the feces of pigs (sus scrofa) is described. oocysts are structurally indistinguishable from those of cryptosporidium parvum; they are passed fully sporulated, lack sporocysts, and measure 4.9-4.4 microm (mean = 4.6 microm) x 4.0-4.3 microm (mean = 4.2 microm); length to width ratio 1.1 (n = 50). cryptosporidium suis is not transmissible to nude mice and is poorly infectious for cattle. molecular and phylogenetic a ... | 2004 | 15357067 |
| cryptosporidiosis: an update in molecular epidemiology. | molecular tools have been developed to detect and differentiate cryptosporidium at the species/genotype and subtype levels. these tools have been increasingly used in the characterization of the transmission of cryptosporidium spp. this review addresses the most recent developments in molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis. | 2004 | 15353969 |
| infection status of pigs with cryptosporidium parvum. | to investigate the infection status of pigs with cryptosporidium parvum, 589 fecal samples were collected from pigs raised at farm in chungcheongbuk-do and chungcheongnam-do. of the 589 pig fecal samples, 62 (10.5%) were positive for c. parvum. the area showing the highest positive rate was dangjin-gun, chungcheongnam-do (14.0%), and the lowest (0%) salmi-myon, chungcheongbuk-do. the positive rate of c. parvum in judok-eup increased from 12.7% in the winter to 22.1% in the summer. the results of ... | 2004 | 15060340 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among the villagers and domestic animals in several rural areas of korea. | the present study was undertaken to investigate the infection status of cryptosporidium parvum in the villagers and the reservoir hosts in several rural areas in korea. a total 5,262 fecal samples were collected from the inhabitants residing at gangwon-do, chungcheongbuk-do, jeollanam-do, and gyeongsangnam-do between the dates of september, 2001 to june, 2002. in addition, 1,453 fecal samples were collected from livestock reared in gokseong-gun, jeollanam-do and chungju-si, chungcheongbuk-do. al ... | 2004 | 15060334 |
| identification of genotypically mixed cryptosporidium parvum populations in humans and calves. | genotypic analyses of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts have divided the species into two genotypes, referred to as type 1 and type 2. although humans are susceptible to both types, mixed type 1/type 2 infections have rarely been identified. the paucity of mixed infections could be explained by the predominance of one type over the other in mixed infections, or by the poor sensitivity of restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analyses for detecting subpopulations. using a type-specific rea ... | 2003 | 14550892 |
| the homologous and interspecies transmission of cryptosporidium parvum and cryptosporidium meleagridis. | experimental infections have been performed in several mammals and birds to determine the host's specificity for cryptosporidium parvum (of human and bovine origin) and for cryptosporidium meleagridis (isolated from broiler chicken). the c. parvum infection (of human origin) was established also in calves (bos taurus), lambs (ovis aries), mice (mus musculus), and rats (ratus norvegicus), but not in broiler chickens (gallus domestica). the c. parvum infection (of bovine origin), was achieved in c ... | 2003 | 14510055 |
| rapid displacement of cryptosporidium parvum type 1 by type 2 in mixed infections in piglets. | genotypes 1 and 2 of cryptosporidium parvum are the primary types associated with infections in humans, with type 1 being by far the predominant genotype. the frequency of mixed infection with both genotypes in humans is relatively rare, while type 1, which experimentally infects other mammals, has been found to naturally infect almost exclusively humans. one possible explanation for the absence of type 1 in other mammals and the low frequency of mixed infections in humans is the inability of ty ... | 2003 | 14500498 |
| local peroxynitrite formation contributes to early control of cryptosporidium parvum infection. | in intestinal inflammation, mucosal injury is often exacerbated by the reaction of no with neutrophil-derived superoxide to form the potent oxidant peroxynitrite. peroxynitrite also has antimicrobial properties that aid in the killing mechanism of macrophages and neutrophils. cryptosporidium parvum parasitizes intestinal epithelium, resulting in loss of epithelial cells and mucosal inflammation. synthesis of no is significantly increased and arises from the induced expression of inducible nitric ... | 2005 | 15972479 |
| nf-kappab-mediated expression of inos promotes epithelial defense against infection by cryptosporidium parvum in neonatal piglets. | cryptosporidium sp. parasitizes intestinal epithelium, resulting in enterocyte loss, villous atrophy, and malabsorptive diarrhea. we have shown that mucosal expression of inducible nitric oxide (no) synthase (inos) is increased in infected piglets and that inhibition of inos in vitro has no short-term effect on barrier function. no exerts inhibitory effects on a variety of pathogens; nevertheless, the specific sites of inos expression, pathways of inos induction, and mechanism of no action in cr ... | 2006 | 16123198 |
| characterization of subtilase protease in cryptosporidium parvum and c. hominis. | cryptosporidium spp., enteropathogens of humans and other animals, are members of the apicomplexa. in parasites belonging to this phylum, proteases have been shown to play a key role in the invasion of host cells, organelle biogenesis, and intracellular survival. the subtilases constitute a family of serine proteases present in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and viruses. the c. parvum subtilase gene, cpsub1, encodes a transcript of 3972 base pairs (bp) and 1324 amino acids. using homologous polymerase ... | 2007 | 17626354 |
| oral delivery of l-arginine stimulates prostaglandin-dependent secretory diarrhea in cryptosporidium parvum-infected neonatal piglets. | to determine if oral supplementation with l-arginine could augment nitric oxide (no) synthesis and promote epithelial defense in neonatal piglets infected with cryptosporidium parvum. | 2008 | 18223372 |
| detection and species identification of cryptosporidium from taiwan feeding animals. | in this study, 107 fecal specimens were collected from 40 sampling sites in taiwan livestock and avian farms to test for cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. ten of 107 samples analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed the presence of cryptosporidium spp., among which 6 samples were simultaneously confirmed by immunofluorescence assay and polymerase chain reaction. nucleic acid sequencing of the 18s rrna gene identified 3 clusters of cryptosporidium spp. three cryptosporidium parvum isolates ... | 2008 | 18372647 |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium isolates from pigs at slaughterhouses in south bohemia, czech republic. | a total of 123 fecal samples of slaughtered finisher pigs and 21 sows from 14 farms were screened for cryptosporidium spp. infection using the aniline-carbol-methyl violet staining method. positive samples were molecularly characterized by direct sequencing of partial small subunit ribosomal rna (ssu rrna) and gp60 partial genes and polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism of ssu rrna. cryptosporidium oocysts were microscopically identified in 36 finishers (29%) and two ... | 2009 | 18850112 |
| induction of arginase ii by intestinal epithelium promotes the uptake of l-arginine from the lumen of cryptosporidium parvum-infected porcine ileum. | to determine the specific transport system activities and expression of transporter genes responsible for uptake of l-arginine from the lumen of normal and cryptosporidium parvum-infected neonatal porcine ileum and the influence of l-arginine catabolic pathways on l-arginine uptake. | 2008 | 18852633 |
| cryptosporidium species infection in pigs in east anglia. | | 2010 | 20064979 |
| [development of efficient dna isolation procedures for cryptosporidium and trichinella pcr detection in fecal samples]. | pcr detection of genetic material of the parasites present in faeces may be an alternative for microscopic and serological tests routinely used for diagnosing parasitic enteral infections. however, small amount of target dna combined with low efficiency of total dna extraction, and presence of pcr inhibitors in the samples to be amplified, may cause false negative detection results. the aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of dna isolation procedure used on the amplification of dna fragme ... | 2009 | 20120929 |
| subtypes of cryptosporidium spp. in mice and other small mammals. | dna sequence analysis of the 60 kda glycoprotein (gp60) gene has been used extensively in subtyping cryptosporidium hominis in humans and cryptosporidium parvum in humans and ruminants. in this study, nucleotide sequences of the gp60 gene were obtained from seven cryptosporidium species and genotypes related to the two species. altogether, seven subtype families were detected, including four new subtype families. these data should be useful in studies of the transmission and zoonotic potential o ... | 2011 | 20692256 |
| detection and characterization of giardia duodenalis and cryptosporidium spp. on swine farms in ontario, canada. | abstract as part of the c-enternet surveillance program of the public health agency of canada, 122 pooled swine manure samples from 10 farms in ontario, canada were collected and tested for giardia and cryptosporidium. giardia duodenalis cysts and cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were detected using immunofluorescence microscopy. nested-polymerase chain reaction protocols were performed to amplify the small subunit rrna gene and the +¦-giardin gene for g. duodenalis, and the small subunit rrna gene ... | 2011 | 21675863 |
| leaching of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, escherichia coli, and a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium bacteriophage through intact soil cores following surface application and injection of slurry. | increasing amounts of livestock manure are being applied to agricultural soil, but it is unknown to what extent this may be associated with contamination of aquatic recipients and groundwater if microorganisms are transported through the soil under natural weather conditions. the objective of this study was therefore to evaluate how injection and surface application of pig slurry on intact sandy clay loam soil cores influenced the leaching of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium bacteriophage ... | 2011 | 21948848 |
| presence of cryptosporidium scrofarum, c. suis and c. parvum subtypes iiaa16g2r1 and iiaa13g1r1 in eurasian wild boars (sus scrofa). | the aim of the present study was to identify the species of cryptosporidium infecting eurasian wild boars (sus scrofa) in galicia (nw, spain). a sampling of 209 wild boars shot in different game preserves was carried out during the hunting season in 2009-2010. all samples were examined for cryptosporidium infection, using both immunological and molecular tools. cryptosporidium oocysts in faecal samples were identified using a direct immunofluorescence technique with monoclonal antibodies (dfa). ... | 2013 | 23643454 |