| carriage of group d streptococci in the human bowel. | sixty faecal samples, 39 from adults and 21 from neonates, were investigated by means of a simple scheme to isolate and identify any group d streptococci present. a number of differences were found between the two groups. group d streptococci were absent from 43% of the neonates compared with only 13% of the adults; streptococcus bovis was commoner in the neonates (23.8%) than in the adults (5%), and streptococcus faecium was not isolated from any of the infant samples although it was common in ... | 1978 | 107199 |
| [studies of bacterial indicators for water pollution--growth of escherichia coli and enterococci in limited nutrient conditions]. | bacteria, that would be an ideal indicator for fecal contamination in environmental water, should not proliferate but at the same time should survive a little longer than enteropathogenic bacteria in the environmental water. while conventional methods have recommended escherichia coli as an indicator, enterococci is recommended as a preferable indicator for the estimation of fecal contamination based on the following observation. the relationship between the specific growth rate of organism and ... | 1992 | 1638040 |
| [group d streptococci and enterococci: identification, sensitivity to antibiotics and a study of the high level resistance to aminosides (charles nicolle hospital in tunis)]. | 197 strains of enterococcus and group d streptococcus were isolated from human material at charles nicolle hospital (tunis) and identified by biochemical tests: 174, enterococcus faecalis, 6 enterococcus faecium, 2 enterococcus durans and 15 streptococcus bovis. the sensitivity to antibiotics was studied: all enterococcus faecium were resistant at least to one antibiotic, 15% of enterococcus faecalis were sensitive for all antibiotics tested the other species were frequently sensitive. high leve ... | 1991 | 1910140 |
| studies on faecal streptococci in the river tigris. | six hundred water samples collected from the river tigris at mosul city were investigated for faecal streptococci. human faecal streptococci were predominant, and animal faecal streptococci were also detected. eight species and varieties were identified, viz streptococcus faecalis, atypical streptococcus faecalis, streptococcus bovis, streptococcus equinus, streptococcus faecalis var. liquefaciens, streptococcus faecalis var. zymogenes, streptococcus durans and streptococcus faecium. the inciden ... | 1989 | 2739584 |
| rutin-induced beta-glucosidase activity in streptococcus faecium vgh-1 and streptococcus sp. strain frp-17 isolated from human feces: formation of the mutagen, quercetin, from rutin. | a fecal isolate, streptococcus sp. strain frp-17, and strain vgh-1 of streptococcus faecium were shown to contain beta-glucosidases which converted rutin (quercetin-3-o-beta-d-glucose-alpha-l-rhamnose) to quercetin and were active against o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-glucose. the activity against rutin could be measured by increased mutagenicity in the ames assay or visualized on thin-layer chromatography plates. in both organisms, the beta-glucosidase activities were inducible by the addition of rutin ... | 1984 | 6424566 |
| [comparative antimicrobial activity of rp 59,500 (quinupristin-dalfopristin), the first semisynthetic injectable streptgramin, against gram-positive cocci and other recent clinical pathogens]. | rp 59,500 (quinupristin-dalfopristin) is the first semisynthetic injectable streptogramin antimicrobial agent, which is a combination of quinupristin and dalfopristin in a 30:70 ratio. the components of rp 59,500 act synergically to provide bactericidal activity through action at different sites on bacterial ribosomes. in the present study, the antimicrobial activity of rp 59,500 was compared with those of four macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, roxithromycin). susceptibilit ... | 1997 | 9412874 |
| biochemical speciation of enterococci causing human infections. | as enterococci are now coming up as important nosocomial pathogens, their speciation and antibiotic sensitivity testing is important. 120 isolates of enterococci from various clinical samples were physiologically and biologically characterised. speciation on the basis of recommended methods revealed 114(95%) as e. faecalis and 6(5%) as e. faecium. antibiogram of the 120 isolates showed that 100(83.3%) were sensitive to ampicillin. combination of penicillin and gentamicin was more effective. e. f ... | 1997 | 9567508 |
| transmission of vana-type vancomycin-resistant enterococci and vana resistance elements between chicken and humans at avoparcin-exposed farms. | the genetical relatedness between epidemiologically linked fecal vre strains from poultry farmers (n = 5) and their broilers (n = 7) at five avoparcin-exposed norwegian farms was examined. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of bacterial chromosomal digests and structural analysis of vana resistance elements was performed. animal and human enterococcus faecium strains at one farm were genetically closely related with indistinguishable vana elements and a single band position difference in pf ... | 1998 | 9988050 |
| the in-vitro activity of hmr 3647, a new ketolide antimicrobial agent. | the in-vitro activity of hmr 3647, a novel ketolide, was investigated in comparison with those of erythromycin a, roxithromycin, clarithromycin (14-membered ring macrolides), amoxycillin-clavulanate and ciprofloxacin against 719 recent clinical gram-positive, gram-negative and anaerobic isolates and type cultures. hmr 3647 generally demonstrated greater activity than the other compounds with mic90s of < or =0.5 mg/l, except for staphylococcus epidermidis (mic90 > 128 mg/l), haemophilus influenza ... | 1998 | 10052892 |
| comparison of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and resistance genes in enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium from humans in the community, broilers, and pigs in denmark. | enterococcus faecalis and e. faecium isolated from humans in the community (98 and 65 isolates), broilers (126 and 122), and pigs (102 and 88) during 1998 were tested for susceptibility to 12 different antimicrobial agents and for the presence of selected genes encoding resistance using pcr. furthermore, the presence of vancomycin resistant enterococci was examined in 38 human stool samples using selective enrichment. widespread resistance to chloramphenicol, macrolides, kanamycin, streptomycin, ... | 2000 | 10863107 |
| a simple model host for identifying gram-positive virulence factors. | we demonstrate the use of the nematode caenorhabditis elegans as a facile and inexpensive model host for several gram-positive human bacterial pathogens. enterococcus faecalis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and staphylococcus aureus, but not bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecium, or streptococcus pyogenes, kill adult c. elegans. focusing our studies on the enterococcal species, we found that both e. faecalis and e. faecium kill c. elegans eggs and hatchlings, although only e. faecalis kills the ad ... | 2001 | 11535834 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of enterococci recovered from commercial swine carcasses: effect of feed additives. | enterococcus faecium is an important nosocomial pathogen often displaying multiple antibiotic resistance. the increase in clinical isolates can be attributed in part to hospital practices in antibiotic usage, but there is concern that antibiotic-resistant strains might also originate in animals fed rations containing antibiotic growth promoters. ingestion of meat from carcasses contaminated with faecal enterococci might then result in human colonization or resistance gene transfer to human enter ... | 1999 | 10664974 |
| comparison of inhibitory and bactericidal activities and postantibiotic effects of ly333328 and ampicillin used singly and in combination against vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium. | one hundred ninety-five individual vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vre) isolates from five upstate new york hospitals were studied for antimicrobial susceptibilities to ly333328, quinupristin-dalfopristin, teicoplanin, ampicillin, and gentamicin. ly333328 was the most active antibiotic against vre. the effect of media and methods on the antibacterial activity of ly333328, its synergy with ampicillin, and the postantibiotic effects (pae) of ly333328 and ampicillin were evaluated. in mi ... | 1998 | 9756756 |
| colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci in chronic hemodialysis patients. | vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre) has been identified with increased frequency in dialysis populations, but the risk factors for vre colonization are not well defined in hemodialysis patients. patients from a university-affiliated outpatient dialysis center had surveillance stool or rectal cultures for vre during april 1994 and january 1996. the combined cohort of 168 patients was followed-up for all-cause mortality, subsequent hospitalization, and vre infection. demographic and risk facto ... | 1998 | 9708609 |
| [first infection with vancomycin resistant type vana enterococci in a norwegian hospital]. | enterococci are part of the normal human and animal bowel flora. they are considered bacteria of relatively low virulence, but are important nosocomial pathogens. in the context of their intrinsic resistance to a number of antimicrobial agents, the rapid emergence of multiresistant enterococci is alarming. as inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract, they come into close contact with other bacteria and may pass antibiotic resistance genes to them. we report the first case of infection with a va ... | 1998 | 9567694 |
| intracellular activities of rp 59500 (quinupristin-dalfopristin) and sparfloxacin against enterococcus faecium. | rp 59500, a combination of the streptogramins quinupristin and dalfopristin, and sparfloxacin are new antibiotics with good in vitro activities against enterococcus faecium, which is an increasingly important nosocomial pathogen with resistance to multiple antimicrobials. since fluoroquinolones and related macrolides have displayed high intracellular concentrations inside host cells, we evaluated the intracellular activities of these agents inside neutrophils against three strains each of vancom ... | 1996 | 8849245 |
| biotherapeutic agents. a neglected modality for the treatment and prevention of selected intestinal and vaginal infections. | to evaluate the potential of biotherapeutic agents (microorganisms with therapeutic properties) for the prevention and/or treatment of selected intestinal and vaginal infections. | 1996 | 8596226 |
| 2-amino-4-oxo-5-substituted-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as nonclassical antifolate inhibitors of thymidylate synthase. | six novel 2-amino-4-oxo-5-[(substituted phenyl)sulfanyl]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines 7-12 were synthesized as potential inhibitors of thymidylate synthase (ts) and as antitumor and/or antibacterial agents. the analogues contain a 5-thio substituent with a phenyl, 4'-chlorophenyl, 3',4'-dichlorophenyl, 4'-nitrophenyl, 3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl, and 2'-naphthyl on the sulfur, and were synthesized from the key intermediate 2-(pivaloylamino)-4-oxo-6-methylpyrrolo[2,3-d]-pyrimidine, 17. appropriately substi ... | 1996 | 8917644 |
| [vancomycin-resistant enterococci . work group hospital infection epidemiology]. | since 1995 patients with infections with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) have been reported in rotterdam, the netherlands. from prevalence studies in the netherlands at the end of 1995 and the start of 1996, it appeared that 2% of the patients studied in and outside hospitals had vre. restrictive antibiotic prescription in human and veterinary medicine is indicated in order to postpone the problem. | 1997 | 9036340 |
| incidence of virulence determinants in clinical enterococcus faecium and enterococcus faecalis isolates collected in sardinia (italy). | enterococci are widely distributed in the environment; within the human body, they are normal commensals of the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract and vagina. in recent years, enterococci have become one of the most frequent causes of acquired nosocomial infections worldwide. the molecular mechanism of virulence of these bacteria is still not completely understood. the aims of this work were to characterize phenotypically 47 isolates of enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium collected i ... | 2003 | 12748268 |
| antibiotic resistance in animals. | there is currently no systematic surveillance or monitoring of antibiotic resistance in australian animals. registration of antibiotics for use in animals is tightly controlled and has been very conservative. fluoroquinolones have not been registered for use in food producing animals and other products have been removed from the market because of human health concerns. in the late 1970s, the animal health committee coordinated a survey of resistance in salmonella and escherichia coli isolates fr ... | 2003 | 12807287 |
| diversity of vana glycopeptide resistance elements in enterococci from humans and nonhuman sources. | elements mediating vana glycopeptide resistance in 106 diverse enterococci from humans and nonhuman sources were compared with the prototype vana transposon, tn1546, in enterococcus faecium bm4147. the isolates included 64 from individual patients at 15 hospitals in the united kingdom (isolated between 1987 and 1996) and 42 from nonhuman sources in the united kingdom (27 from raw meat, 7 from animal feces, and 8 from sewage). vana elements were assigned to 24 groups (designated groups a to x) wi ... | 1998 | 9517923 |
| shifting of the penicillin binding proteins that are the target for inhibition by beta-lactams as a likely mechanism of resistance to antibiotics during therapy. | the penicillin binding proteins (pbps) that in streptococcus faecium are the targets for inhibitory activity of beta-lactam antibiotics were analyzed both in cells growing at their fastest and at reduced rates. it was found that while under the former conditions the pbps showed the highest affinity for penicillin, under the latter the target is shifted to pbp (pbp5) that has a very low affinity for penicillin and other beta-lactams. the possibility that conditions met by enterococci in human inf ... | 1985 | 3986940 |
| analysis of daptomycin efficacy and breakpoint standards in a murine model of enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium renal infection. | daptomycin efficacy against clinical isolates of enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, and a lab-derived daptomycin-resistant isolate of e. faecalis was investigated in a mouse model of renal infection. the daptomycin mics against these enterococci ranged from 0.5 to 50 micro g/ml. the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the mics of drugs against e. faecalis and e. faecium and the level of daptomycin exposure needed to evaluate the drug's efficacy. correlatin ... | 2003 | 14576118 |
| enterococci in foods--a conundrum for food safety. | enterococci form part of the lactic acid bacteria (lab) of importance in foods. they can spoil processed meats but they are on the other hand important for ripening and aroma development of certain traditional cheeses and sausages, especially those produced in the mediterranean area. enterococci are also used as human probiotics. however, they are important nosocomial pathogens that cause bacteraemia, endocarditis and other infections. some strains are resistant to many antibiotics, but antibiot ... | 2003 | 14596984 |
| taurolidine: in vitro activity against multiple-antibiotic-resistant, nosocomially significant clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecium, and diverse enterobacteriaceae. | taurolidine at < or = 1,250 micrograms/ml killed all 37 isolates of multiple-antibiotic-resistant staphylococcus aureus (n = 9), enterococcus faecium (n = 17), and enterobacteriaceae (n = 11). time-kill experiments disclosed that bovine serum (65% v/v) only marginally retarded the bactericidal activity of 2,000 and 1,000 micrograms/ml of taurolidine against the various strains. taurolidine at 2,000 micrograms/ml did not antagonize the bactericidal activity of 50% (v/v) fresh human serum against ... | 1993 | 8370323 |
| fce 22101 and fce 22891: in-vitro antibacterial activity at concentrations simulating human plasma levels following intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration. | the plasma concentrations of fce 22101 observed following slow intravenous infusions (1 and 4 h), intramuscular injection and after oral administration of the prodrug fce 22891 were simulated in a glass chamber containing bacterial cultures. the bacteria used were staphylococcus aureus atcc 13709, staph. aureus 2101 (methicillin-resistant), streptococcus faecium atcc 8043, escherichia coli atcc 12407, enterobacter cloacae 1321e and ent. cloacae p99 (cefazolin-resistant). addition of fce 22101 wa ... | 1989 | 2659570 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis colonization during recovery from neisseria meningitidis cerebrospinal meningitis. case report. | a 19-year-old man had been admitted to the hospital because of septic shock and large scale suffusions all over the body. the pathogen had proved to be neisseria meningitidis serogroup c. in his stabilization period two superinfectious attacks arose. one of them was a bacteremia, caused by a vancomycin-sensitive enterococcus faecium. the second was a wound infection in his deep colliquating necrotised tissue of the heel. vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis (vref) was isolated from this le ... | 2003 | 14750444 |
| in vitro activity of rp 59500 (quinupristin/dalfopristin) against antibiotic-resistant strains of streptococcus pneumoniae and enterococci. | the activity of rp 59500 (quinupristin/dalfopristin) was evaluated in vitro against antibiotic-resistant strains of streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 15) and enterococcus spp. (n = 43). by broth dilution mic tests rp 59500 was highly active against penicillin-resistant s. pneumoniae and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium, but showed poor activity against e. faecalis. in time-kill studies the drug was rapidly bactericidal against s. pneumoniae but failed to kill most enterococci, even in the p ... | 1995 | 7648837 |
| the colonization of streptococcus faecium in human intestinal tract after oral administration. | the colonizing ability of streptococcus faecium strain sf 68 at different levels of the gastrointestinal tract was assessed in ten patients. they were orally treated with a preparation containing the bacteria in lyophilized form for three days. during an abdominal surgical operation a sample of bacterial content of jejunum, ileum and colon was taken and cultured. the streptococcus faecium was detected in all treated patients in a quite high concentration compared to the counts of both aerobic an ... | 1981 | 7340850 |
| molecular confirmation of enterococcus faecalis and e. faecium from clinical, faecal and environmental sources. | the genus enterococcus includes opportunistic pathogens such as e. faecalis and e. faecium, and is also used to assess water quality. speciation of enterococci in environmental studies can be particularly problematic, therefore protocols for unambiguous, dna-based analysis could receive wide use in applications ranging from water quality monitoring to microbial source tracking. the goal of this work was to investigate the usefulness of pcr for speciation of putative, biochemically identified e. ... | 2004 | 15130142 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of poly-gamma-glutamyl metabolites of 10-deazaaminopterin and 10-ethyl-10-deazaaminopterin. | the chemical synthesis of a series of poly-gamma-glutamyl metabolites of the experimental anticancer drugs 10-deazaaminopterin (10-daam) and 10-ethyl-10-deazaaminopterin (10-edaam) has been carried out by the solid-phase procedure. the synthetic products were identical with the poly-gamma-glutamyl metabolites of radiolabeled 10-daam and 10-edaam produced by normal mouse tissues with regard to elution volume from [(diethylamino)ethyl]cellulose columns and susceptibility to hydrolysis by human pla ... | 1988 | 2447278 |
| differential antimicrobial susceptibility between human and chicken isolates of vancomycin-resistant and sensitive enterococcus faecium. | to compare the differential antimicrobial susceptibilities of enterococcus faecium from humans and whole chicken carcasses, mics of 12 antimicrobial agents were determined for 54 clinical-isolates (31 vancomycin-resistant [vref]) and 60 chicken-isolates (29 vref). chicken vref were slightly but consistently more resistant to vancomycin, teicoplanin and avoparcin, compared with human vref (p<0.01). mics of ly333328 were <or = 2 mg/l. all human vref were resistant to erythromycin and tylosin, comp ... | 2002 | 11814766 |
| tricyclic 2,4-diaminopyrimidines with broad antifolate activity and the ability to inhibit pneumocystis carinii growth in cultured human lung fibroblasts in the presence of leucovorin. | a selected number of 1,3-diaminobenzo[f]quinazolines and 1,3-diamino-5,6-dihydrobenzo[f]quinazolines, which may be viewed as tricyclic analogues of the lipid-soluble antifolates pyrimethamine (pm), metoprine (ddmp), and etoprine (ddep), were tested as inhibitors of purified dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) from wi-l2 lymphoblasts, and as inhibitors of the growth of streptococcus faecium atcc 8043 and l1210 murine leukemia cells in culture. in addition, these tricyclic compounds were tested for ant ... | 1989 | 2788420 |
| [surgical repair of discrete subaortic stenosis complicated with prosthetic valve endocarditis--a case report]. | a 46-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of prosthetic valve regurgitation. eight years previously he had undergone aortic valve replacement because of aortic regurgitation due to infective endocarditis. at reoperation, we found prosthetic valve endocarditis and discrete subaortic stenosis. the obstructing fibrous tissue was resected and the aortic valve was replaced. because discrete subaortic stenosis is usually located just below the aortic valve, the aortic valve cusps are liab ... | 1992 | 1487645 |
| a microbiologic disc assay for 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in the presence of methotrexate. | high-dose methotrexate-citrovorum factor rescue regimens are used extensively for the treatment of human malignancies. since the rescue agent citrovorum factor is rapidly converted to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, it is desirable to follow the distribution kinetics of both of these coenzymes to assess the selective therapeutic effectiveness of the regimen. the assay methods using methotrexate-resistant strains of lactobacillus casei atcc 7469 (lc/a), streptococcus faecium var. durans atcc 8043 (sf/a ... | 1977 | 413623 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of vancomycin-susceptible and -resistant enterococci isolated in italy from raw meat products, farm animals, and human infections. | the susceptibility of vancomycin-resistant (vre) and vancomycin-susceptible (vse) enterococci to 10 antimicrobial agents was evaluated. the strains, belonging to different species, were isolated in italy from raw meat products, farm animals, and human clinical infections in the years 1997-2000. high frequency of resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin was observed in all the groups of strains. on the contrary, chloramphenicol was the only drug that showed a relatively low rate of resistance ... | 2004 | 15527914 |
| bacterial pathogens induce abscess formation by cd4(+) t-cell activation via the cd28-b7-2 costimulatory pathway. | abscesses are a classic host response to infection by many pathogenic bacteria. the immunopathogenesis of this tissue response to infection has not been fully elucidated. previous studies have suggested that t cells are involved in the pathologic process, but the role of these cells remains unclear. to delineate the mechanism by which t cells mediate abscess formation associated with intra-abdominal sepsis, the role of t-cell activation and the contribution of antigen-presenting cells via cd28-b ... | 2000 | 11083777 |
| characterization of the properties of human- and dairy-derived probiotics for prevention of infectious diseases in fish. | the present study aimed to investigate the potential probiotic properties of six lactic acid bacteria (lab) intended for human use, lactobacillus rhamnosus atcc 53103, lactobacillus casei shirota, lactobacillus bulgaricus, l. rhamnosus lc 705, bifidobacterium lactis bb12, and lactobacillus johnsonii la1, and one for animal use, enterococcus faecium tehobak, for use as a fish probiotic. the strains for human use were specifically chosen since they are known to be safe for human use, which is of m ... | 2001 | 11375147 |
| reduction of fecal shedding of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 in lambs by feeding microbial feed supplement. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7, an emerging food-borne pathogen, has been implicated in several outbreaks in the us. ruminants, including cattle, sheep and deer are reservoirs of e. coli o157:h7 and fecal shedding of the pathogen forms the vehicle of entry into the human food chain. we studied the efficacy of lactobacillus acidophilus, streptococcus faecium, a mixture of l. acidophilus and s. faecium and a mixture of l. acidophilus, s. faecium, lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus ferm ... | 2001 | 11163713 |
| bacteriocin production by enterococcus faecium fair-e 198 in view of its application as adjunct starter in greek feta cheese making. | bacteriocin production by enterococcus faecium fair-e 198, isolated from greek feta cheese, was studied in batch fermentations, under conditions simulating feta cheese preparation. maximum enterocin activity and growth rate was obtained in de man-rogosa-sharpe (mrs) broth at 37 degrees c with controlled ph 6.5. the enterocin was produced throughout the growth phase of the microorganism, showing primary metabolite kinetics with a peak activity during the mid-exponential phase. the use of skimmed ... | 2002 | 11843403 |
| intestinal colonization of a human subject by vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium. | objective: to study the ability of two strains of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium to colonize the human intestine. methods: a single human subject ingested separately two strains of vancomycin-resistant e. faecium isolated from a pig and a chicken. the feces were cultured on selective medium. prior to ingestion no vancomycin-resistant cocci were present in the feces. ingestion of 104-105 cfu resulted in either no colonization or isolation only after enrichment. ingestion of 107 cfu of ... | 1999 | 11856225 |
| in vitro assessment of the host response against enterococcus faecalis used in probiotic preparations. | along with other lactic acid bacteria, enterococci are used in food products and as health promoting agents. the safety of these products must be ensured, because they contain potentially pathogenic microorganisms. here we present an in vitro opsonophagocytic assay that closely mimics the protective human immune response to enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium. a collection of closely related e. faecalis isolates used as probiotics showed different susceptibilities to opsonic killing, ... | 2005 | 16258871 |
| impact on human intestinal microflora of an enterococcus faecium probiotic and vancomycin. | the aims of this study were to evaluate the impact of a fermented milk product containing viable enterococcus faecium on human intestinal microflora and to evaluate any risk of development of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre). twenty danish and 20 swedish healthy volunteers were given 150 ml of the fermented milk product once daily, equivalent to a daily dose of 4.5 x 10(9) to 7.5 x 10(9) cfu e. faecium, for 10 d. half of the volunteers also received 125 mg vancomycin orally q.i.d. for 10 d ... | 2000 | 11200372 |
| intraspecies genomic groups in enterococcus faecium and their correlation with origin and pathogenicity. | seventy-eight enterococcus faecium strains from various sources were characterized by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd)-pcr, amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) analysis of smai restriction patterns. two main genomic groups (i and ii) were obtained in both rapd-pcr and aflp analyses. dna-dna hybridization values between representative strains of both groups demonstrated a mean dna-dna reassociation level of 71%. pfge analysis revealed ... | 2002 | 11872491 |
| crystal structure of vat(d): an acetyltransferase that inactivates streptogramin group a antibiotics. | the streptogramin class of antibiotics act to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, and their semisynthetic derivatives, such as dalfopristin-quinupristin (synercid), are used to treat serious or life-threatening infections due to multiply antibiotic resistant bacteria. acquired resistance of the nosocomial pathogen enterococcus faecium to the group a component of natural and semisynthetic streptogramin mixtures is a prerequisite for the streptogramin resistance phenotype and is mediated by a str ... | 2002 | 11841212 |
| [splenic abscess secondary to massive bee bite in immunocompetent host. a case report]. | spleen abscesses are considered as an infrequent infectious disease. an increase in its presentation has been seen due to certain pathologies or clinical conditions associated with immune suppression, endocarditis being one of the most frequent causes. gram-positive aerobes are the main causal agents with non-specific clinical manifestations. ct scan and ultrasound are the elective choices for diagnosis and imaging support for punction and drainage. | 2005 | 16336804 |
| [the role of the carbohydrate composition of the glycocalyx in some species of lactobacilli in the manifestation of their adhesive properties]. | availability of certain monosaccharides in the composition of glycocalyx of lactic acid bacteria (lactobacillus plantarum--strains 337d and 11/16; streptococcus thermophilus--strains s1 (nonmucous race) and s5 (mucous race), enterococcus faecium (k-50) has been investigated with the help of plant lectins with certain carbohydrate specificity labelled by colloid gold. all the microorganisms under investigation were characterized by the presence of n-acetyl-d-galactosamine and n-acetyl-d-glucosami ... | 1999 | 10733280 |
| mimicry of host-defense peptides by unnatural oligomers: antimicrobial beta-peptides. | we have designed beta-amino acid oligomers that are helical, cationic, and amphiphilic with the intention of mimicking the biological activity of amphiphilic, cationic alpha-helical antimicrobial peptides found in nature (e.g., magainins). we have previously identified a 17-residue beta-peptide (called beta-17) with antibiotic activity similar to that of a magainin derivative against four bacterial species, including two clinical isolates that are resistant to common antibiotics. this beta-pepti ... | 2002 | 12071741 |
| different levels of genetic homogeneity in vancomycin-resistant and -susceptible enterococcus faecium isolates from different human and animal sources analyzed by amplified-fragment length polymorphism. | the genetic relationship among fecal vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vref) and vancomycin-susceptible e. faecium (vsef) isolates (n = 178) from the same populations of pigs, human healthy volunteers, and hospitalized patients (from the netherlands) and chickens (from the netherlands and greece) was studied by amplified-fragment length polymorphism (aflp). the majority of vref isolates from pigs, healthy volunteers, and hospitalized patients grouped together (genetic similarity, >or=65 ... | 2002 | 12183228 |
| multilocus sequence typing and analysis of putative virulence factors in vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin-sensitive enterococcus faecium isolates from brazil. | enterococci are leading causes of hospital-acquired infections that are often difficult to treat because of high-level aminoglycoside and glycopeptide resistance. vancomycin-resistant enterococci are a global problem, and have been isolated with increasing frequency in hospitals in brazil. the objective of this study was to determine the genetic relatedness of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vrefm) and vancomycin-sensitive e. faecium (vsefm) isolated from human infections and faecal s ... | 2006 | 17002613 |
| incidence of high-level evernimicin resistance in enterococcus faecium among food animals and humans. | six high-level evernimicin-resistant enterococcus faecium isolates were identified among 304 avilamycin-resistant e. faecium isolates from animals and 404 stool samples from humans with diarrhea. all four animal isolates, and one of the human isolates, were able to transfer resistance to a susceptible e. faecium strain. the resulting transconjugants all tested positive for the presence of emta, a gene encoding a methyltransferase previously linked with high-level evernimicin resistance. the four ... | 2002 | 12183279 |
| comparison of bactec plus blood culture media to bact/alert fa blood culture media for detection of bacterial pathogens in samples containing therapeutic levels of antibiotics. | blood culture bottles with antimicrobial removal systems are recommended for patients who develop fever while on antibiotics. this study compared the ability of becton dickinson (sparks, md) bactec plus bottles and biomerieux (durham, nc) bact/alert fa bottles to effectively remove vancomycin, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, ampicillin, oxacillin, gentamicin, and a combination of gentamicin/penicillin, thus allowing bacterial pathogens to grow. each bottle was spiked w ... | 2007 | 17166960 |
| construction of plasmid vector for expression of bacteriocin n15-encoding gene and effect of engineered bacteria on enterococcus faecalis. | a 6.09-kb plasmids vector pori253 was constructed from the plasmid pil253 (5.2 kb) and a 0.89-kb fragment of oricole1 from pbluescript ii ks. the bifunctional plasmid pori253 conferred erythromycin resistance in both escherichia coli and enterococcus faecalis. it has unique sites for ecori, bamhi, sali, and psti derived from pil253 and was lost at a low rate in e. faecalis jcm8726 when cultured in man, rogosa, & sharpe broth without antibiotic. the lactococcal promoter p23 was inserted at one en ... | 2007 | 17203335 |
| bacterial bioinformatics: pathogenesis and the genome. | as the number of completed microbial genome sequences continues to grow, there is a pressing need for the exploitation of this wealth of data through a synergistic interaction between the well-established science of bacteriology and the emergent discipline of bioinformatics. antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity in virulent bacteria has become an increasing problem, with even the strongest drugs useless against some species, such as multi-drug resistant enterococcus faecium and mycobacterium t ... | 2002 | 12125816 |
| vana-type enterococci from humans, animals, and food: species distribution, population structure, tn1546 typing and location, and virulence determinants. | vana-type human (n=69), animal (n=49), and food (n=36) glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (gre) from different geographic areas were investigated to study their possible reservoirs and transmission routes. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) revealed two small genetically related clusters, m39 (n=4) and m49 (n=13), representing enterococcus faecium isolates from animal and human feces and from clinical and fecal human samples. multilocus sequence typing showed that both belonged to the epide ... | 2007 | 17351100 |
| a case of fulminant post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder and septicemia. | the fulminant form of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (ptld) is very uncommon and occurs in approximately 1% of ptld patients. approximately 85% of these lesions are of b-cell origin, and most of them are associated with epstein-barr virus infection. fulminant ptld is frequently associated with a systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and may be difficult to differentiate from septicemia. we describe the case of a 59-yr-old man who suffered from prolonged septicemia in the immedia ... | 2006 | 16640537 |
| development of a membrane-array method for the detection of human intestinal bacteria in fecal samples. | a membrane-array method was developed for the detection of human intestinal bacteria in fecal samples without using the expensive microarray-arrayer and laser-scanner. the 16s rdna sequences of 20 predominant human intestinal bacterial species were used to design oligonucleotide probes. three 40-mer oligonucleotides specific for each bacterial species (total 60 probes) were synthesized and applied to nitrocellulose membranes. digoxigenin (dig)-labeled 16s rdnas were amplified by polymerase chain ... | 2002 | 12477438 |
| influx of enterococci and associated antibiotic resistance and virulence genes from ready-to-eat food to the human digestive tract. | the influx of enterococcal antibiotic resistance (ar) and virulence genes from ready-to-eat food (rtef) to the human digestive tract was assessed. three rtefs (chicken salad, chicken burger, and carrot cake) were sampled from five fast-food restaurants five times in summer (su) and winter (wi). the prevalence of enterococci was significantly higher in su (92.0% of salad samples and 64.0% of burger samples) than in wi (64.0% of salad samples and 24.0% of burger samples). the overall concentration ... | 2007 | 17766449 |
| antiviral activity of n-benzoylphenylisoserinates of lactarius sesquiterpenoid alcohols in vitro. | cytotoxic, antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal properties of a new, originally synthesised group of compounds: the n-benzoylphenylisoserinates of sesquiterpenoid alcohols - derivatives of taxol and various sesquiterpenes of lactarius origin were evaluated in vitro. among 16 compounds tested, 6 decreased hsv-1 titres. selectivity indices ranged from 13.9 to 31.7. no activity against rna viruses (parainfluenza 3, coxsackie b3, vesicular stomatitis virus, and encephalomyocarditis virus), bacter ... | 2003 | 12865976 |
| clonality among ampicillin-resistant enterococcus faecium isolates in sweden and relationship with ciprofloxacin resistance. | to investigate clonal relationships in a nationwide sample of human enterococcus faecium isolates. | 2003 | 14616743 |
| characterization of a cryptic plasmid from lactobacillus fermentum kc5b and its use for constructing a stable lactobacillus cloning vector. | lactobacillus fermentum kc5b, a strain originally isolated from the human vagina, contains a cryptic plasmid pkc5b. the sequence and genetic organization of the 4392-bp plasmid were determined. it contains two convergently oriented replicons, which are homologous to each other and to the stable replicon of the enterococcus faecium plasmid pmbb1. the two replicons of pkc5b were used either individually or together to construct lactobacillus-escherichia coli shuttle plasmids. only the plasmid psp1 ... | 2002 | 12151233 |
| virulence determinants in vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium vanb: clonal distribution, prevalence and significance of esp and hyl in australian patients with haematological disorders. | european studies have suggested that the esp gene and other virulence factors have roles in vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vrefm) infections. the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the spectrum of clinical disease and putative virulence factors in vanb vrefm isolates. a multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify potential virulence genes (asa1, gel e, cyla, esp and hyl) in vrefm isolates obtained from an australian population of haematology patient ... | 2008 | 18079021 |
| inhibition of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus by continuous-flow cultures of human stool microflora with and without anaerobic gas supplementation. | a continuous-flow competitive exclusion (cfce) culture model of human stool microflora was used to examine whether supplemental anaerobic gas is necessary for maintenance of anaerobes and inhibition of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre). cfce cultures of human stool microflora were maintained with supplemental nitrogen, without supplemental nitrogen, or with percolated room air. cultures with or without supplemental nitrogen maintained >9 log(10) cfu ml(-1) of obligate anaerobes and elimina ... | 2004 | 15060733 |
| effects of ionophores on enterococcus faecalis and e. faecium growth in pure and mixed ruminal culture. | enterococcus faecalis and e. faecium are gram-positive human pathogens that can live in the gastrointestinal tract of food animals. vancomycin-resistant enterococci are an increasing threat to humans as a nosocomial infection, as well as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes. ionophores are feed-grade antimicrobials that are widely used to enhance the ruminal fermentation efficiency via inhibiting gram-positive bacteria by dissipating ion and proton gradients. some bacteria can become resis ... | 2008 | 18370609 |
| identification and characterization of the novel lysm domain-containing surface protein sep from lactobacillus fermentum br11 and its use as a peptide fusion partner in lactobacillus and lactococcus. | examination of supernatant fractions from broth cultures of lactobacillus fermentum br11 revealed the presence of a number of proteins, including a 27-kda protein termed sep. the amino-terminal sequence of sep was determined, and the gene encoding it was cloned and sequenced. sep is a 205-amino-acid protein and contains a 30-amino-acid secretion signal and has overall homology (between 39 and 92% identity) with similarly sized proteins of lactobacillus reuteri, enterococcus faecium, streptococcu ... | 2004 | 15184172 |
| in vitro studies of the pharmacodynamics of teicoplanin against staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis and enterococcus faecium. | to investigate the basic pharmacodynamic properties of teicoplanin in vitro for staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis and enterococcus faecium. | 2003 | 14616681 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium isolates causing hospital outbreaks in northern italy belong to the multilocus sequence typing c1 lineage. | multilocus sequence typing (mlst) was used to obtain insights into the genetic relationships between 14 vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vref) isolates from humans (hospitalized patients, 5 strains) and nonhuman sources (meat and poultry, 9 strains) in northern italy over the period 1993-2001. the typing scheme (homan et al., 2002, j. clin. microb., 40:1963-1971) based on seven housekeeping genes--adk (adenylate kinase), atpa (atp synthase, alpha subunit), ddl (d-alanine-d-alanine liga ... | 2004 | 15256026 |
| multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis, a novel typing scheme to study the genetic relatedness and epidemiology of enterococcus faecium isolates. | multiresistant enterococcus faecium is a major cause of hospital acquired infections and outbreaks. here, we describe the development of multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat (vntr) analysis (mlva) as a novel typing method to assess the genetic relatedness of e. faecium isolates. six vntr loci were used to genotype 392 isolates recovered from different animals and human community, hospital survey, and clinical isolates. from 3 to 13 alleles were found per locus, resulting in 127 different ... | 2004 | 15472301 |
| probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from stool samples of longevous people in regions of hotan, xinjiang and bama, guangxi, china. | a total of 567 lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains were isolated from the stool samples of longevous people in regions of hotan, xinjiang and bama, guangxi, china. in order to reduce the number of strains for further examinations, 36 isolates were screened out for further examination whilst the other strains, which had lower probiotic properties, were not suitable for yogurt production due to the absence of growth in ph 3.5 mrs medium and no curding during fermentation, and so were excluded. the ... | 2008 | 18634896 |
| beta-lactam antibiotics and gastrointestinal colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci. | we studied the effect of different subcutaneously administered beta-lactam antibiotics on the establishment of gastrointestinal colonization by vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium c68 in a mouse model. aztreonam, cefazolin, cefepime, and, to a lesser extent, ceftazidime, which neither have significant antienterococcal activity nor are secreted into human bile at high concentrations, did not promote significant vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) colonization. piperacillin-tazobactam, wh ... | 2004 | 14999616 |
| staphylococcus epidermidis: a differential trait of the fecal microbiota of breast-fed infants. | breast milk is an important source of staphylococci and other bacterial groups to the infant gut. the objective of this work was to analyse the bacterial diversity in feces of breast-fed infants and to compare it with that of formula-fed ones. a total of 23 women and their respective infants (16 breast-fed and 7 formula-fed) participated in the study. the 16 women and their infants provided a sample of breast milk and feces, respectively, at days 7, 14, and 35. the samples were plated onto diffe ... | 2008 | 18783615 |
| the effect of cyclosporine and tacrolimus on indigenous bacterial flora in human skin grafts. | allogeneic skin transplants require intensive immunosuppressive therapy. treatment protocols used for parenchymal organ grafts are not satisfactory to prevent skin graft rejection. another factor responsible for the destruction of allogeneic skin transplants is bacterial inflammation. temporary ischemia and the allogeneic reaction in transplanted skin cause increased permeability of the epidermis and the dermal capillaries, making skin grafts vulnerable to bacterial penetration. moreover, immuno ... | 2003 | 14529942 |
| successful treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium endocarditis with linezolid in a renal transplant recipient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | infections with vancomycin-resistant enterococci cause significant morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, including transplant recipients. we report the successful use of oral linezolid to treat a case of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium endocarditis in a renal transplant recipient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | 2004 | 15569227 |
| isolation and characterisation of an equol-producing mixed microbial culture from a human faecal sample and its activity under gastrointestinal conditions. | only about one third of humans possess a microbiota capable of transforming the dietary isoflavone daidzein into equol. little is known about the dietary and physiological factors determining this ecological feature. in this study, the in vitro metabolism of daidzein by faecal samples from four human individuals was investigated. one culture produced the metabolites dihydrodaidzein and o-desmethylangolensin, another produced dihydrodaidzein and equol. from the latter, a stable and transferable m ... | 2004 | 15578160 |
| identification and tracing of enterococcus spp. by rapd-pcr in traditional fermented sausages and meat environment. | four local small-scale factories were studied to determine the sources of enterococci in traditional fermented sausages. | 2009 | 19120623 |
| heterogeneity of vat(e)-carrying plasmids in enterococcus faecium recovered from human and animal sources. | in this study, quinupristin/dalfopristin (q/d)-resistant enterococcus faecium isolates (33 from poultry farms and 1 from a human outpatient) with q/d minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 4 microg/ml to 32 microg/ml were analysed. polymerase chain reaction detected the presence of vat(e) in all isolates. using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), 14 distinct pfge patterns were identified. the human e. faecium isolate was distinguishable from the 33 farm isolates by pfge. southern hy ... | 2006 | 16911866 |
| application of microbial source tracking methods in a gulf of mexico field setting. | microbial water quality and possible human sources of faecal pollution were assessed in a florida estuary that serves shellfishing and recreational activities. | 2009 | 19457032 |
| quinupristin-dalfopristin resistance in enterococcus faecium isolates from humans, farm animals, and grocery store meat in the united states. | three hundred sixty-one quinupristin-dalfopristin (q-d)-resistant enterococcus faecium (qdref) isolates were isolated from humans, turkeys, chickens, swine, dairy and beef cattle from farms, chicken carcasses, and ground pork from grocery stores in the united states from 1995 to 2003. these isolates were evaluated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) to determine possible commonality between qdref isolates from human and animal sources. pcr was performed to detect the streptogramin resista ... | 2006 | 16954273 |
| modeling the transport and inactivation of e. coli and enterococci in the near-shore region of lake michigan. | to investigate the transport and fate of fecal pollution at great lakes beaches and the health risks associated with swimming, the near-shore waters of lake michigan and two tributaries discharging into it were examined for bacterial indicators of human fecal pollution. the enterococcus human fecal pollution marker, which targets a putative virulence factor--the enterococcal surface protein (esp) in enterococcus faecium, was detected in 2/28 samples (7%) in the tributaries draining into lake mic ... | 2006 | 16955902 |
| detection of human-derived fecal pollution in environmental waters by use of a pcr-based human polyomavirus assay. | regulatory agencies mandate the use of fecal coliforms, escherichia coli or enterococcus spp., as microbial indicators of recreational water quality. these indicators of fecal pollution do not identify the specific sources of pollution and at times underestimate health risks associated with recreational water use. this study proposes the use of human polyomaviruses (hpyvs), which are widespread among human populations, as indicators of human fecal pollution. a method was developed to concentrate ... | 2006 | 16997988 |
| distribution of drug resistance among enterococci and salmonella from poultry and cattle in ethiopia. | enterococci and salmonella were isolated from feces of chicken in intensive poultry farms and cattle which are maintained following traditional practices. their resistance to different antibiotics was also determined. a total of 298 enterococcal isolates consisting of enterococcus faecium (49.6%), enterococcus durans (26.9%), enterococcus hirea (11.9%), and enterococcus faecalis (11.5%) were obtained. among the enterococci, resistance to erythromycin (ery), clindamicin (cli), amoxicillin (amo), ... | 2010 | 19921457 |
| antimicrobial disinfection effect of a laundering procedure for hospital textiles against various indicator bacteria and fungi using different substrates for simulating human excrements. | recent studies confirm the increase of nosocomial infections and microbial resistance. one of the possible causes is infected textiles due to inappropriate laundering procedures. most slovenian laundries use thermal laundering procedures with high energy and water consumption to disinfect hospital textiles. in addition to this fact, there is an increasing number of hospital textiles composed of cotton/polyester blends that cannot endure high temperatures of thermal disinfection. on the other han ... | 2007 | 17046191 |
| production, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of a bacteriocin from newly isolated enterococcus faecium ij-31. | this work aimed to isolate and characterize enterococcus spp. from indigenous dairy products in islamabad, pakistan. by classical microbiological techniques, one strain from a butter sample was identified to be enterococcus faecium, and we designated it e. faecium ij-31. the precise identity of this strain was then established by determining the sequence of its 16s and 23s rrna genes. the sequence homology searches revealed matches with a number of previously reported strains, such as e. faecium ... | 2010 | 20051203 |
| chemomicin a, a new angucyclinone antibiotic produced by nocardia mediterranei subsp. kanglensis 1747-64. | a new angucyclinone antibiotic, chemomicin a was isolated from cultured broth of nocardia mediterranei subsp. kanglensis 1747-64. its chemical structure was determined to be 1,2,3,4a,5,6,6a,12a,12b-nonahydro-1,2,3,8,12,12b-hexahydroxy-3-methyl-6a,12a-epoxybenz[a]anthracen-4,7(12h)-dione by a detailed spectroscopic analysis. chemomicin a had antimicrobial activity against bacillus subtilis and enterococcus faecium with mic values of 10.2 and 20.4 microm, respectively, and showed cytotoxicity agai ... | 2007 | 17446695 |
| prevalence and mechanism of resistance against macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins among enterococcus faecium isolates from food-producing animals and hospital patients in belgium. | the prevalence of acquired resistance to streptogramins, macrolides, and lincosamides and the genetic background of this resistance was investigated in enterococcus faecium strains isolated from food-producing animals and hospital patients 4-5 years after the ban of streptogramins as growth promoters. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of quinupristin/dalfopristin (q/d), virginiamycin m1 (virgm1), erythromycin (ery), tylosin (tyl), and lincomycin (lin) were determined by the agar dilut ... | 2007 | 17650967 |
| comparative analysis of the bactericidal activities of amphibian peptide analogues against multidrug-resistant nosocomial bacterial strains. | due to the widespread resistance of bacteria to the available drugs, the discovery of new classes of antibiotics is urgently needed, and naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides (amps) are considered promising candidates for future therapeutic use. amphibian skin is one of the richest sources of such amps. in the present study we compared the in vitro bactericidal activities of five amps from three different species of anurans against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates belonging to species ... | 2008 | 17954700 |
| a probiotic lactobacillus strain can acquire vancomycin resistance during digestive transit in mice. | the present study demonstrates for the first time the transfer of vancomycin resistance (vana cluster) from enterococci to a lactobacillusacidophilus commercial strain. transfers were observed in vitro, but also in vivo in the gut of mice (in the absence of antibiotic pressure) where transconjugants arose at relatively high frequencies and could persist in the digestive environment. since transfer of vancomycin resistance genes might also take place in the human digestive tract, lactobacilli pro ... | 2008 | 17957119 |
| quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant enterococcus faecium on chicken and in human stool specimens. | the combination of the streptogramins quinupristin and dalfopristin was approved in the united states in late 1999 for the treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium infections. since 1974, another streptogramin, virginiamycin, has been used at subtherapeutic concentrations to promote the growth of farm animals, including chickens. | 2001 | 11642231 |
| human fecal water modifies adhesion of intestinal bacteria to caco-2 cells. | the aqueous phase of feces (fecal water) has been suggested to mediate the effects of diet on colon carcinogenesis. we determined whether human fecal water samples, of varying genotoxic potential, had the capacity to alter adhesion of intestinal bacteria to intestinal (caco-2) cells. genotoxicity of fecal water samples was measured using the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay ("comet" assay), and bacterial adhesion was measured using a well-established model system. fecal water genotoxicity w ... | 2005 | 16091002 |
| conservation of ebp-type pilus genes among enterococci and demonstration of their role in adherence of enterococcus faecalis to human platelets. | ebp are endocarditis and biofilm associated pili of enterococcus faecalis that are also important in experimental utis. our analyses, using available genomes, found that the ebp locus is unique to enterococci. in e. faecalis, the ebp locus is very highly conserved and only 1/473 e. faecalis isolates tested lacked ebpabc while only 1.2% had the bee pilus locus. no other pilus-encoding operon was identified in 55 available genomes indicating that the vast majority of e. faecalis (unlike enterococc ... | 2011 | 21502588 |
| impact of medicated feed on the development of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in integrated pig-fish farms in vietnam. | integrated livestock-fish aquaculture utilizes animal excreta, urine, and feed leftovers as pond fertilizers to enhance growth of plankton and other microorganisms eaten by the fish. however, antimicrobial resistant bacteria may be transferred and develop in the pond due to selective pressure from antimicrobials present in animal feed, urine, and feces. in an experimental pig-fish farm located in peri-urban hanoi, vietnam, nine piglets were provided feed containing 5 μg/kg pig weight/day of tetr ... | 2011 | 21602395 |
| global spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium from distinct nosocomial genetic complex. | vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) have caused hospital outbreaks worldwide, and the vancomycin-resistance gene (vana) has crossed genus boundaries to methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. spread of vre, therefore, represents an immediate threat for patient care and creates a reservoir of mobile resistance genes for other, more virulent pathogens. evolutionary genetics, population structure, and geographic distribution of 411 vre and vancomycin-susceptible enterococcus faecium isolate ... | 2005 | 15963275 |
| influence of protein binding under controlled conditions on the bactericidal activity of daptomycin in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. | daptomycin exhibits bactericidal activity against clinically significant gram-positive bacteria despite being highly bound to human proteins. evaluations characterizing the effect of protein on daptomycin pharmacodynamics are warranted. | 2004 | 15150172 |
| electrochemical detection of harmful algae and other microbial contaminants in coastal waters using hand-held biosensors. | standard methods to identify microbial contaminants in the environment are slow, laborious, and can require specialized expertise. this study investigated electrochemical detection of microbial contaminants using commercially available, hand-held instruments. electrochemical assays were developed for a red tide dinoflagellate (karenia brevis), fecal-indicating bacteria (enterococcus spp.), markers indicative of human sources of fecal pollution (human cluster bacteroides and the esp gene of enter ... | 2007 | 17328925 |
| presence and mechanism of antimicrobial resistance among enterococci from cats and dogs. | the presence and mechanism of acquired resistance to erythromycin, tylosin, lincomycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, and vancomycin were determined in 97 and 104 enterococci isolated from rectal swabs of cats and dogs, respectively. eleven feline and three canine enterococcal isolates contained the aac(6')-ie-aph(2'')-ia gene encoding high-level resistance to gentamicin, an antibiotic often used for treating enterococcal infections in humans. t ... | 2005 | 16359201 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium strains isolated from community wastewater from a semiclosed agri-food system in texas. | vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium strains (vre) were isolated from human wastewater but not swine fecal waste from a semiclosed agri-food system in texas. forty-nine vre isolates possessed vana, and one possessed vanb. twenty-one pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types were identified and segregated into three groups. there was evidence of clonal dissemination among geographically separated sites. | 2005 | 16189128 |
| combining targeted sampling and fluorometry to identify human fecal contamination in a freshwater creek. | many bacterial source tracking (bst) methods are too expensive for most communities to afford. in an effort to develop an inexpensive method of detecting human sources of fecal contamination in a freshwater creek during baseflow and stormflow conditions, we combined targeted sampling with fluorometry. targeted sampling is a prelude to bst and finds sources of fecal contamination by continued sampling and resampling over ever-decreasing distances. fluorometry identifies human fecal contamination ... | 2008 | 17998611 |
| tlr2-dependent myd88 signaling contributes to early host defense in murine enterococcus faecium peritonitis. | the incidence of infections with enterococcus faecium is increasing worldwide. tlrs have been implicated in the recognition of pathogens and the initiation of an adequate innate immune response. we here sought to determine the roles of myd88, the common adaptor protein involved in tlr signaling, tlr2, tlr4, and cd14 in host defense against e. faecium peritonitis. myd88 knockout (ko) mice demonstrated an impaired early response to e. faecium peritonitis, as reflected by higher bacterial loads in ... | 2008 | 18354210 |
| trichosporon mucoides fungemia in a liver transplant recipient: case report and review. | four months after receiving an orthotopic liver transplant, a 51-year-old man was admitted for progressive liver failure and severe hepatocellular necrosis thought to be due to tacrolimus. during his hospitalization he experienced bloodstream infections including fungemia due to trichosporon mucoides and prolonged undulating fever despite antifungal and antibacterial treatment. he underwent removal of the allograft and implantation of another liver. fever continued postoperatively until therapy ... | 2009 | 18983414 |