| epizootiology of chlamydia infections in two free-range koala populations. | the prevalence of chlamydia pecorum and chlamydia pneumoniae infections in two free-range koala populations was assessed using genus-specific pcr combined with species-specific dna probe hybridisation. population a had a very high overall level of chlamydial infection (85%) with significantly more of these infections being due to c. pecorum (73%) compared to c. pneumoniae (24%). the second population had a much lower prevalence of infection (10%) with equal levels of both species. an important f ... | 1999 | 10223324 |
| molecular evidence for novel chlamydial infections in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | chlamydia-related disease has a detrimental effect on australia's free-range koala (phascolarctos cinereus) populations. the chlamydial species responsible for ocular, urogenital and respiratory disease in the koala have previously been identified as chlamydophila pecorum and chlamydophila pneumoniae. epizootiology studies have therefore used species specific pcr assays to detect chlamydial infections. in the current study, we used a broad range pcr amplification and cloning strategy to identify ... | 2003 | 12866851 |
| association of uterine and salpingeal fibrosis with chlamydial hsp60 and hsp10 antigen-specific antibodies in chlamydia-infected koalas. | infection by chlamydia pneumoniae or chlamydia pecorum commonly causes chronic, fibrotic disease of the urogenital tracts of female koalas. studies of humans have associated titers of serum immunoglobulin g (igg) against chlamydial hsp60 and hsp10 antigens with chronic infection, salpingeal fibrosis, and tubal infertility. to determine whether a similar relationship exists in chlamydia-infected koalas, samples were collected opportunistically from 34 wild female koalas and examined by gross path ... | 2005 | 15879024 |
| immuno-histochemical demonstration of the role of chlamydiaceae in renal, uterine and salpingeal disease of the koala, and demonstration of chlamydiaceae in novel sites. | numerous bacteria, including chlamydophila pecorum and chlamydophila pneumoniae, are known to occur in diseased sites in koalas. in the present study the significance of such organisms was investigated by demonstrating their distribution in situ, in tissues collected opportunistically from wild koalas. chlamydiaceae were demonstrated in epithelial cells and macrophages in association with pyogranulomatous pyelonephritis (8/11 kidneys), focal interstitial nephritis (3/21), and active inflammation ... | 2005 | 16045922 |
| ocular chlamydiales infections of western barred bandicoots (perameles bougainville) in western australia. | the western barred bandicoot (perameles bougainville) is an endangered species, free ranging on only two islands off the coast of western australia (dorre and bernier islands). conservation efforts are currently directed at reintroducing these marsupials into predator-proof enclosures and habitats in historical distribution ranges on the mainland in the southwest of western australia and in south australia. in september 2000, 19 western barred bandicoots were captured on bernier island for trans ... | 2005 | 17315464 |
| identification and characterisation of coding tandem repeat variants in inca gene of chlamydophila pecorum. | bacteria of the family chlamydiaceae are obligate intracellular pathogens of human and animals. chlamydophila pecorum is associated with different pathological conditions in ruminants, swine and koala. to characterize a coding tandem repeat (ctr) identified at the 3' end of inca gene of c. pecorum, 51 strains of different chlamydial species were examined. the ctr were observed in 18 of 18 tested c. pecorum isolates including symptomatic and asymptomatic animals from diverse geographical origins. ... | 2008 | 18651990 |
| preliminary phylogenetic identification of virulent chlamydophila pecorum strains. | chlamydophila pecorum is an obligate intracellular bacterium associated with different pathological conditions in ruminants, swine and koala, which is also found in the intestine of asymptomatic animals. a multi-virulence locus sequence typing (mvlst) system was developed using 19 c. pecorum strains (8 pathogenic and 11 non-pathogenic intestinal strains) isolated from ruminants of different geographical origins. to evaluate the ability of mvlst to distinguish the pathogenic from the non-pathogen ... | 2008 | 18707024 |
| ompa and antigenic diversity of bovine chlamydophila pecorum strains. | infections with the intracellular bacterium chlamydophila (c.) pecorum are highly prevalent worldwide in cattle. these infections cause significant diseases such as polyarthritis, pneumonia, enteritis, genital infections and fertility disorders, and occasionally sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis. subclinical respiratory infections of calves with c. pecorum have been associated with airway obstruction, pulmonary inflammation, and reduced weight gains. this investigation examined four chlamydial s ... | 2009 | 18930605 |
| recombinant 35-kda inclusion membrane protein inca as a candidate antigen for serodiagnosis of chlamydophila pecorum. | chlamydophila pecorum strains are commonly found in the intestine and vaginal mucus of asymptomatic ruminants and may therefore induce a positive serological response when the animals are tested for c. abortus. they have also been associated with different pathological diseases in ruminants, swine and koala. the aim of this study was to identify specific c. pecorum immunodominant antigens which could be used in elisa tests allowing to distinguish between animals infected with c. pecorum and thos ... | 2010 | 19969431 |
| recent advances in the understanding of chlamydophila pecorum infections, sixteen years after it was named as the fourth species of the chlamydiaceae family. | chlamydophila pecorum found in the intestine and vaginal mucus of asymptomatic ruminants has also been associated with different pathological conditions in ruminants, swine and koalas. some endangered species such as water buffalos and bandicoots have also been found to be infected by c. pecorum. the persistence of c. pecorum strains in the intestine and vaginal mucus of ruminants could cause long-term sub-clinical infection affecting the animal's health. c. pecorum strains present many genetic ... | 2010 | 19995513 |
| a multi-subunit chlamydial vaccine induces antibody and cell-mediated immunity in immunized koalas (phascolarctos cinereus): comparison of three different adjuvants. | chlamydial infections represent a major threat to the survival of the koala. infections caused by chlamydia pecorum cause blindness, infertility, pneumonia and urinary tract infections and represent a threat to the survival of the species. little is known about the immune response in koalas, or the safety of commonly used adjuvants for induction of protective systemic and mucosal immunity. | 2010 | 20064144 |
| novel molecular markers of chlamydia pecorum genetic diversity in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | abstract: | 2011 | 21496349 |
| plasma concentrations of chloramphenicol after subcutaneous administration to koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) with chlamydiosis. | govendir, m., hanger, j., loader, j. j., kimble, b., griffith, j. e., black, l. a., krockenberger, m. b., higgins, d. p. plasma concentrations of chloramphenicol after subcutaneous administration to koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) with chlamydiosis. j. vet. pharmacol. therap. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01307.x. nine mature koalas with chlamydiosis, typically keratoconjunctivitis and/or urogenital tract infection, were treated with daily subcutaneous injections of chloramphenicol at 60 mg/kg f ... | 2011 | 21569052 |
| using quantitative polymerase chain reaction to correlate chlamydia pecorum infectious load with ocular, urinary and reproductive tract disease in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | complex interactions between chlamydia pecorum infection, the immune response and disease exist in the koala. we used quantitative polymerase chain reaction to investigate the relationship between c. pecorum infectious load and ocular and urogenital tract disease. chlamydia pecorum shedding was generally higher in animals with chronic, active disease than in animals with inactive disease. the absence of ocular disease was generally associated with low levels of shedding, but relatively high leve ... | 2011 | 21933169 |
| within-population diversity of koala chlamydophila pecorum at ompa vd1-vd3 and the orf663 hypothetical gene. | infection of koalas by chlamydophila pecorum is very common and causes significant morbidity, infertility and mortality. fundamental to management of the disease is an understanding of the importance of multi-serotype infection or pathogen virulence in pathogenesis; these may need consideration in plans involving koala movement, vaccination, or disease risk assessment. here we describe diversity of ompa vd1-3, and orf663 hypothetical gene tandem repeat regions, in a single population of koalas w ... | 2011 | 22118784 |
| vaccination of healthy and diseased koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) with a chlamydia pecorum multi-subunit vaccine: evaluation of immunity and pathology. | chlamydial infections represent a major threat to the long-term survival of the koala and a successful vaccine would provide a valuable management tool. vaccination however has the potential to enhance inflammatory disease in animals exposed to a natural infection prior to vaccination, a finding in early human and primate trials of whole cell vaccines to prevent trachoma. in the present study, we vaccinated both healthy koalas as well as clinically diseased koalas with a multi-subunit vaccine co ... | 2012 | 22230583 |
| host adaptation of chlamydia pecorum towards low virulence evident in co-evolution of the ompa, inca, and orf663 loci. | chlamydia (c.) pecorum, an obligate intracellular bacterium, may cause severe diseases in ruminants, swine and koalas, although asymptomatic infections are the norm. recently, we identified genetic polymorphisms in the ompa, inca and orf663 genes that potentially differentiate between high-virulence c. pecorum isolates from diseased animals and low-virulence isolates from asymptomatic animals. here, we expand these findings by including additional ruminant, swine, and koala strains. coding tande ... | 2014 | 25084532 |
| chlamydial infections in wildlife-conservation threats and/or reservoirs of 'spill-over' infections? | members of the order chlamydiales are biphasic intracellular pathogens known to cause disease in both humans and animals. as we learn more about the genetic diversity of this group of pathogens, evidence is growing that these bacteria infect a broader range of animal hosts than previously thought. over 400 host species are now documented globally with the majority of these being wild animals. given the impact of chlamydial infections on humans and domesticated animals, the identification of memb ... | 2016 | 27939160 |
| novel chlamydiales genotypes identified in ticks from australian wildlife. | members of the order chlamydiales are known for their potential as human and veterinary bacterial pathogens. despite this recognition, epidemiological factors such as routes of transmission are yet to be fully defined. ticks are well known vectors for many other infections with several reports recently describing the presence of bacteria in the order chlamydiales in these arthropods. australian wildlife are hosts to an extensive range of tick species. evidence is also growing that the marsupial ... | 2017 | 28122598 |
| treatment of chlamydia-associated ocular disease via a recombinant protein based vaccine in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) are affected by debilitating chlamydial disease that can lead to blindness, infertility, and death. the causative agent is the intracellular bacterium chlamydia pecorum. while antibiotics can be used to treat koala chlamydial infection, they are often ineffective or cause severe dysbiosis to the animal's unique gut flora. recent work has progressed on the development of a protective vaccine for chlamydia in the koala. this study demonstrates that the use of a vacc ... | 2016 | 27707559 |
| pneumonia due to chlamydia pecorum in a koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | chlamydiosis is a common infectious disease of koalas (phascolarctos cinereus), but chlamydia spp. have not yet been demonstrated to cause pneumonia in these animals. a juvenile male koala died following an episode of respiratory disease. at necropsy examination, the lung tissue was consolidated. microscopical lesions in the lung included pyogranulomatous bronchopneumonia, proliferation of bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium and interstitial fibrosis. hyperplastic bronchiolar epithelial cells co ... | 2016 | 27567271 |
| penicillin g-induced chlamydial stress response in a porcine strain of chlamydia pecorum. | chlamydia pecorum causes asymptomatic infection and pathology in ruminants, pigs, and koalas. we characterized the antichlamydial effect of the beta lactam penicillin g on chlamydia pecorum strain 1710s (porcine abortion isolate). penicillin-exposed and mock-exposed infected host cells showed equivalent inclusions numbers. penicillin-exposed inclusions contained aberrant bacterial forms and exhibited reduced infectivity, while mock-exposed inclusions contained normal bacterial forms and exhibite ... | 2016 | 26997956 |
| chlamydia pecorum infection in free-ranging koalas ( phascolarctos cinereus ) on french island, victoria, australia. | we detected chlamydia pecorum in two koalas ( phascolarctos cinereus ) from a closed island population in victoria, australia, previously free of chlamydia infection. the ompa and multilocus sequence type were most closely related to published isolates of livestock rather than koala origin, suggesting potential cross-species transmission of c. pecorum . | 2016 | 26981690 |
| prevalence and pathologic features of chlamydia pecorum infections in south australian koalas (phascolarctos cinereus). | chlamydia pecorum infection is highly prevalent in many koala ( phascolarctos cinereus ) populations in the eastern states of australia, causing ocular and urogenital tract disease. in contrast, the current prevalence of chlamydiosis in south australian (sa) koalas is largely unknown, with few reports of clinical cases. we examined 65 sa rescued wild koalas at necropsy and collected ocular and urogenital swabs for the detection of c. pecorum by pcr. we detected c. pecorum in ocular or urogenital ... | 2016 | 26967132 |
| identification of unusual chlamydia pecorum genotypes in victorian koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) and clinical variables associated with infection. | chlamydia pecorum infection is a threat to the health of free-ranging koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) in australia. utilizing an extensive sample archive we determined the prevalence of c. pecorum in koalas within six regions of victoria, australia. the ompa genotypes of the detected c. pecorum were characterized to better understand the epidemiology of this pathogen in victorian koalas. despite many studies in northern australia (i.e. queensland and new south wales), prior chlamydia studies in ... | 2016 | 26932792 |
| characterisation of cd4 t cells in healthy and diseased koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) using cell-type-specific monoclonal antibodies. | the koala (phascolarctos cinereus) is an arboreal herbivorous marsupial that is an australian icon. koalas in many parts of australia are under multiple threats including habitat destruction, dog attacks, vehicular accidents, and infectious diseases such as chlamydia spp. and the koala retrovirus (korv), which may contribute to the incidence of lymphoma and leukaemia in this species. due to a lack of koala-specific immune reagents and assays there is currently no way to adequately analyse the im ... | 2016 | 26905635 |
| molecular characterisation of the chlamydia pecorum plasmid from porcine, ovine, bovine, and koala strains indicates plasmid-strain co-evolution. | background. highly stable, evolutionarily conserved, small, non-integrative plasmids are commonly found in members of the chlamydiaceae and, in some species, these plasmids have been strongly linked to virulence. to date, evidence for such a plasmid in chlamydia pecorum has been ambiguous. in a recent comparative genomic study of porcine, ovine, bovine, and koala c. pecorum isolates, we identified plasmids (pcpec) in a pig and three koala strains, respectively. screening of further porcine, ovin ... | 2016 | 26870613 |
| a prototype recombinant-protein based chlamydia pecorum vaccine results in reduced chlamydial burden and less clinical disease in free-ranging koalas (phascolarctos cinereus). | diseases associated with chlamydia pecorum infection are a major cause of decline in koala populations in australia. while koalas in care can generally be treated, a vaccine is considered the only option to effectively reduce the threat of infection and disease at the population level. in the current study, we vaccinated 30 free-ranging koalas with a prototype chlamydia pecorum vaccine consisting of a recombinant chlamydial momp adjuvanted with an immune stimulating complex. an additional cohort ... | 2016 | 26756624 |
| humoral immune responses in koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) either naturally infected with chlamydia pecorum or following administration of a recombinant chlamydial major outer membrane protein vaccine. | the development of a vaccine is a key strategy to combat the widespread and debilitating effects of chlamydial infection in koalas. one such vaccine in development uses recombinant chlamydial major outer membrane protein (rmomp) as an antigen and has shown promising results in several koala trials. previous chlamydial vaccine studies, primarily in the mouse model, suggest that both cell-mediated and antibody responses will be required for adequate protection. recently, the important protective r ... | 2016 | 26747718 |
| genetic diversity in the plasticity zone and the presence of the chlamydial plasmid differentiates chlamydia pecorum strains from pigs, sheep, cattle, and koalas. | chlamydia pecorum is a globally recognised pathogen of livestock and koalas. to date, comparative genomics of c. pecorum strains from sheep, cattle and koalas has revealed that only single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and a limited number of pseudogenes appear to contribute to the genetic diversity of this pathogen. no chlamydial plasmid has been detected in these strains despite its ubiquitous presence in almost all other chlamydial species. genomic analyses have not previously included c. p ... | 2015 | 26531162 |
| identification, characterisation and expression analysis of natural killer receptor genes in chlamydia pecorum infected koalas (phascolarctos cinereus). | koalas (phascolarctos cinereus), an iconic australian marsupial, are being heavily impacted by the spread of chlamydia pecorum, an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen. koalas vary in their response to this pathogen, with some showing no symptoms, while others suffer severe symptoms leading to infertility, blindness or death. little is known about the pathology of this disease and the immune response against it in this host. studies have demonstrated that natural killer (nk) cells, key comp ... | 2015 | 26471184 |
| in vitro activity of chloramphenicol, florfenicol and enrofloxacin against chlamydia pecorum isolated from koalas (phascolarctos cinereus). | to determine the in vitro susceptibilities of koala isolates of chlamydia pecorum to enrofloxacin and chloramphenicol, which are frequently used to treat koalas with chlamydiosis, and florfenicol, a derivative of chloramphenicol. | 2015 | 26412342 |
| prevalence and clinical significance of herpesvirus infection in populations of australian marsupials. | herpesviruses have been reported in several marsupial species, but molecular classification has been limited to four herpesviruses in macropodids, a gammaherpesvirus in two antechinus species (antechinus flavipes and antechinus agilis), a gammaherpesvirus in a potoroid, the eastern bettong (bettongia gaimardi) and two gammaherpesviruses in koalas (phascolarctos cinereus). in this study we examined a range of australian marsupials for the presence of herpesviruses using molecular and serological ... | 2015 | 26222660 |
| culture-independent genome sequencing of clinical samples reveals an unexpected heterogeneity of infections by chlamydia pecorum. | chlamydia pecorum is an important global pathogen of livestock, and it is also a significant threat to the long-term survival of australia's koala populations. this study employed a culture-independent dna capture approach to sequence c. pecorum genomes directly from clinical swab samples collected from koalas with chlamydial disease as well as from sheep with arthritis and conjunctivitis. investigations into single-nucleotide polymorphisms within each of the swab samples revealed that a portion ... | 2015 | 25740768 |
| novel sequence types of chlamydia pecorum infect free-ranging alpine ibex (capra ibex) and red deer (cervus elaphus) in switzerland. | chlamydia pecorum, a recognized pathogen of domesticated ruminants and koalas (phascolarctos cinereus), has been recently reported in a broad range of other wildlife species including water buffalo (bubalus bubalis), ibex (capra ibex), chamois (rupicapra rupicapra), red deer (cervus elaphus), and birds. this identification raises questions as to whether cross-host transmission may be a factor in the epidemiology of infections in these species. to begin to address this question, we employed a c. ... | 2015 | 25647593 |
| orchitis and epididymitis in koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) infected with chlamydia pecorum. | although chlamydia causes disease of the urethra and prostate of male koalas, its impact on the testis and epididymis has not been examined. this study describes chronic-active and granulomatous orchitis and epididymitis with interstitial fibrosis associated with infection by chlamydia pecorum in 2 of 18 adult male koalas being euthanized at a koala hospital, 8 of which also had chlamydial prostatitis. by immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy, chlamydial inclusions were demon ... | 2015 | 25637084 |
| the prevalence and clinical significance of chlamydia infection in island and mainland populations of victorian koalas (phascolarctos cinereus). | chlamydia infection is known to impact the health of koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) in new south wales (nsw) and queensland, but the clinical significance of chlamydia infections in victorian koalas is not well described. we examined the prevalence of chlamydia infection and assessed associated health parameters in two victorian koala populations known to be chlamydia positive. the same testing regimen was applied to a third victorian population in which chlamydia had not been detected. we exam ... | 2015 | 25588005 |
| comparison of subcutaneous versus intranasal immunization of male koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) for induction of mucosal and systemic immunity against chlamydia pecorum. | chlamydia pecorum infections are debilitating in the koala, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality, with current antibiotic treatments having minimal success and adversely affecting gut microflora. this, combined with the sometimes-asymptomatic nature of the infection, suggests that an efficacious anti-chlamydial vaccine is required to control chlamydial infections in the koala. to date vaccination studies have focused primarily on female koalas, however, given the physiological d ... | 2015 | 25562793 |
| evaluation of the relationship between chlamydia pecorum sequence types and disease using a species-specific multi-locus sequence typing scheme (mlst). | chlamydia pecorum is globally associated with several ovine diseases including keratoconjunctivitis and polyarthritis. the exact relationship between the variety of c. pecorum strains reported and the diseases described in sheep remains unclear, challenging efforts to accurately diagnose and manage infected flocks. in the present study, we applied c. pecorum multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) to c. pecorum positive samples collected from sympatric flocks of australian sheep presenting with conju ... | 2014 | 25223647 |
| comparative genomics of koala, cattle and sheep strains of chlamydia pecorum. | chlamydia pecorum is an important pathogen of domesticated livestock including sheep, cattle and pigs. this pathogen is also a key factor in the decline of the koala in australia. we sequenced the genomes of three koala c. pecorum strains, isolated from the urogenital tracts and conjunctiva of diseased koalas. the genome of the c. pecorum vr629 (ipa) strain, isolated from a sheep with polyarthritis, was also sequenced. | 2014 | 25106440 |
| interleukin 17a is an immune marker for chlamydial disease severity and pathogenesis in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | the koala (phascolarctos cinereus) is an iconic australian marsupial species that is facing many threats to its survival. chlamydia pecorum infections are a significant contributor to this ongoing decline. a major limiting factor in our ability to manage and control chlamydial disease in koalas is a limited understanding of the koala's cell-mediated immune response to infections by this bacterial pathogen. to identify immunological markers associated with chlamydial infection and disease in koal ... | 2014 | 24915607 |
| chlamydiaceae and chlamydia-like organisms in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus)--organ distribution and histopathological findings. | chlamydial infections in koalas can cause life-threatening diseases leading to blindness and sterility. however, little is known about the systemic spread of chlamydiae in the inner organs of the koala, and data concerning related pathological organ lesions are limited. the aim of this study was to perform a thorough investigation of organs from 23 koalas and to correlate their histopathological lesions to molecular chlamydial detection. to reach this goal, 246 formalin-fixed and paraffin embedd ... | 2014 | 24888862 |
| expression profiles of the immune genes cd4, cd8β, ifnγ, il-4, il-6 and il-10 in mitogen-stimulated koala lymphocytes (phascolarctos cinereus) by qrt-pcr. | investigation of the immune response of the koala (phascolarctos cinereus) is needed urgently, but has been limited by scarcity of species-specific reagents and methods for this unique and divergent marsupial. infectious disease is an important threat to wild populations of koalas; the most widespread and important of these is chlamydial disease, caused by chlamydia pecorum and chlamydia pneumoniae. in addition, koala retrovirus (korv), which is of 100% prevalence in northern australia, has been ... | 2014 | 24688858 |
| conjunctivitis associated with chlamydia pecorum in three koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) in the mount lofty ranges, south australia. | chlamydiosis is a significant factor contributing to the decline of koala (phascolarctos cinereus) populations in australia but has not previously been reported in south australia. we describe conjunctivitis in three wild koalas from south australia, with chlamydia pecorum identified by quantitative pcr. | 2013 | 24502744 |
| vaccination of koalas with a recombinant chlamydia pecorum major outer membrane protein induces antibodies of different specificity compared to those following a natural live infection. | chlamydial infection in koalas is common across the east coast of australia and causes significant morbidity, infertility and mortality. an effective vaccine to prevent the adverse consequences of chlamydial infections in koalas (particularly blindness and infertility in females) would provide an important management tool to prevent further population decline of this species. an important step towards developing a vaccine in koalas is to understand the host immune response to chlamydial infectio ... | 2013 | 24086379 |
| genetic diversity of chlamydia pecorum strains in wild koala locations across australia and the implications for a recombinant c. pecorum major outer membrane protein based vaccine. | the long term survival of the koala (phascolarctos cinereus) is at risk due to a range of threatening processes. a major contributing factor is disease caused by infection with chlamydia pecorum, which has been detected in most mainland koala populations and is associated with ocular and genital tract infections. a critical aspect for the development of vaccines against koala chlamydial infections is a thorough understanding of the prevalence and strain diversity of c. pecorum infections across ... | 2013 | 24012135 |
| multilocus sequence analysis provides insights into molecular epidemiology of chlamydia pecorum infections in australian sheep, cattle, and koalas. | chlamydia pecorum is a significant pathogen of domestic livestock and wildlife. we have developed a c. pecorum-specific multilocus sequence analysis (mlsa) scheme to examine the genetic diversity of and relationships between australian sheep, cattle, and koala isolates. an mlsa of seven concatenated housekeeping gene fragments was performed using 35 isolates, including 18 livestock isolates (11 australian sheep, one australian cow, and six u.s. livestock isolates) and 17 australian koala isolate ... | 2013 | 23740730 |
| preliminary characterisation of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-10 responses to chlamydia pecorum infection in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | debilitating infectious diseases caused by chlamydia are major contributors to the decline of australia's iconic native marsupial species, the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). an understanding of koala chlamydial disease pathogenesis and the development of effective strategies to control infections continue to be hindered by an almost complete lack of species-specific immunological reagents. the cell-mediated immune response has been shown to play an influential role in the response to chlamydial ... | 2013 | 23527290 |
| recent advances in understanding the biology, epidemiology and control of chlamydial infections in koalas. | the koala (phascolarctos cinereus) is recognised as a threatened wildlife species in various parts of australia. a major contributing factor to the decline and long-term viability of affected populations is disease caused by the obligate intracellular bacteria, chlamydia. two chlamydial species infect the koala, chlamydia pecorum and chlamydia pneumoniae, and have been reported in nearly all mainland koala populations. chlamydial infections of koalas are associated with ocular infections leading ... | 2013 | 23523170 |
| antigenic specificity of a monovalent versus polyvalent momp based chlamydia pecorum vaccine in koalas (phascolarctos cinereus). | chlamydia continues to be a major pathogen of koalas. the bacterium is associated with ocular, respiratory and urogenital tract infections and a vaccine is considered the best option to limit the decline of mainland koala populations. over the last 20 years, efforts to develop a chlamydial vaccine in humans have focussed on the use of the chlamydial major outer membrane protein (momp). potential problems with the use of momp-based vaccines relate to the wide range of genetic diversity in its fou ... | 2013 | 23306372 |
| comparison of antigen detection and quantitative pcr in the detection of chlamydial infection in koalas (phascolarctos cinereus). | the gold standard method for detecting chlamydial infection in domestic and wild animals is pcr, but the technique is not suited to testing animals in the field when a rapid diagnosis is frequently required. the objective of this study was to compare the results of a commercially available enzyme immunoassay test for chlamydia against a quantitative chlamydia pecorum-specific pcr performed on swabs collected from the conjunctival sac, nasal cavity and urogenital sinuses of naturally infected koa ... | 2013 | 22944246 |
| assessment of florfenicol as a possible treatment for chlamydiosis in koalas (phascolarctos cinereus). | because of limited availability of chloramphenicol to veterinary suppliers, a preliminary study was performed to predict whether an analogue, florfenicol, is an efficacious treatment for chlamydiosis in koalas. | 2017 | 28845567 |
| microbiota composition of the koala (phascolarctos cinereus) ocular and urogenital sites, and their association with chlamydia infection and disease. | disease caused by chlamydia pecorum is characterised by ocular and urogenital infections that can lead to blindness and infertility in koalas. however, koalas that are infected with c. pecorum do not always progress to disease. in other host systems, the influence of the microbiota has been implicated in either accelerating or preventing infections progressing to disease. this study investigates the contribution of koala urogenital and ocular microbiota to chlamydia infection and disease in a fr ... | 2017 | 28701755 |
| immunization of a wild koala population with a recombinant chlamydia pecorum major outer membrane protein (momp) or polymorphic membrane protein (pmp) based vaccine: new insights into immune response, protection and clearance. | we assessed the effects of two different single-dose anti-chlamydia pecorum (c. pecorum) vaccines (containing either major outer membrane protein (3momp) or polymorphic membrane protein (pmp) as antigens) on the immune response of a group of wild koalas. both vaccines elicited a systemic humoral response as seen by the production of anti-chlamydial igg antibodies in more than 90% of vaccinated koalas. a mucosal immune response was also observed, with an increase in chlamydia-specific mucosal igg ... | 2017 | 28575080 |