| in search of anti-trypanosoma cruzi drugs: new leads from a mouse model. | nine of 25 carefully selected compounds (from a stock of more than 200 000 chemical species amassed principally as a result of testing against other parasitic diseases) were found to have significant suppressive activity against the parasites in the blood of a trypanosoma cruzi mouse model. eight of these compounds evaluated in this model had suppressive activity equal to or greater than the reference compound, nifurtimox. for the first time, suppressive activity against t. cruzi is reported for ... | 1977 | 69024 |
| isolation and characterization of a new serodeme of trypanosoma rhodesiense. | the isolation and characterization of a new serodeme of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense is described. a clone of organisms derived from a human infection produced chronic infections in mice. additional clones of differing antigenic specificities were isolated from peaks of parasitemia which occurred in these mice. the variable antigen types (vats) of these clones were determined by agglutination, immunofluorescence, and protection of actively immunized mice. thirteen distinct vats were isolated a ... | 1979 | 92203 |
| immunology of chagas' disease. iii--absorption of human chagasic sera with epimastigotes of different strains of trypanosoma cruzi. | | 1978 | 108797 |
| [reservoirs and wild vectors of trypanosoma cruzi. lxxiv. behavior of amastigotes and trypomastigotes of cultures of different t. cruzi strains incubated with normal human serum and inoculated into mice]. | | 1979 | 121615 |
| [solid-phase radioimmunoassay for the study of the humoral response to trypanosoma cruzi]. | a solid-phase micro-radioimmunoassay (rie-s) test was adapted fore the study of the humoral immune response induced by trypanosoma cruzi infection. the solid phase, consisting of disposable polypropylene tubes, was sensitized by absorption of t. cruzi antigen. the procedure was performed by sequential adding to the solid-phase, the human serum under study and 131i anti-human immunoglobulin. then, the specific label binding was estimated. several factors which influence the test were studied. the ... | 1979 | 122384 |
| feeding preferences of triatoma dimidiata maculipennis in yucatan, mexico. | to determine whether a low preference for human blood by triatoma dimidiata maculipennis stal, 1859, the only known vector of chagas' disease in yucatan, mexico, would account for the low prevalence of antibodies to trypanosoma cruzi in man in the area, the intestinal contents of 924 bugs were tested against antisera to blood antigens of chicken, opossum, dog, bat, monkey, pig, goat, rabbit, horse, human, rat, ox, cat, and armadillo. although the chicken was the primary host, man was fed upon fr ... | 1977 | 320892 |
| protein typing by disc electrophoresis of some species of trypanosomes with special emphasis to trypanosoma cruzi. | proteins extracted from culture forms of t. cruzi, t. cruzi-like strains, t. rangeli, t. conhorrini and t. dionisii were separated by disc electrophoresis. the electrophoretic protein patterns of all strains examined were highly reproducible. the results indicate that each of these strains have their own "fingerprints" and the trypanosoma species could be identified by some typical specific protein bands. however, it was not possible to distinguish between the human strains of t. cruzi and the t ... | 1978 | 347650 |
| trypanosoma cruzi: in vitro interactions between cultured amastigotes and human skin-muscle cells. | | 1978 | 354958 |
| cellular immunity in chronic chagas' disease. | the cellular immune response was assessed in 20 patients with chronic chagas' disease (american trypanosomiasis). thymus-derived lymphocyte function was determined in vivo by cutaneous reactivity to several antigens including a soluble preparation derived from trypanosoma cruzi and sensitization to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene. the in vitro t-cell reactivity was investigated by the proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin and to t. cruzi antigen and by inhibition of leukocyte migration with the ... | 1977 | 404317 |
| naturally occurring trypanosomiasis (chagas' disease) in dogs. | nine fatal cases of canine american trypanosomiasis (chagas' disease) were encountered from november, 1972, through november, 1975. of the 9 cases, 7 occurred in dogs from 5 central texas counties, and all but one case was diagnosed during the months of september, october, or november. the source of infection was discovered in only one case--that being a doghouse heavily infested with triatoma lectularius occulta. each of 6 bugs collected had infective forms of the protozoan, trypanosoma cruzi. ... | 1977 | 407202 |
| the primary isolation by haemoculture of trypanosoma (schizotrypanum) cruzi from animals and from man. | | 1978 | 416524 |
| [vaccination with live, non-virulent trypanosoma cruzi vaccine in man. a 5-year follow up study the 1st 2 cases]. | | 1976 | 790483 |
| demonstration of kinetoplast dna in trypanosomidae by using a fluorescent compound employed in human cytogenetics. | | 1976 | 794608 |
| the immunology of experimental chagas' disease. iv. production of lesions in rabbits similar to those of chronic chagas' disease in man. | eight rabbits that received a single inoculation of trypomastigotes of a virulent strain of trypanosoma cruzi first developed a transient acute illness associated with parasitemia; later, 4 of these rabbits died with chronic myocarditis and/or with megacolon in the absence of demonstrable parasitemia or encysted parasites in tissues. two of these rabbits with chronic myocarditis died unexpectedly. three of the inoculated rabbits that survived the infection were sacrificed 18 months later and s ... | 1975 | 808136 |
| [comparative morphological studies on the kinetoplast of various species of trypanosomes, with special reference to trypanosoma cruzi (author's transl)]. | comparative electron microscope studies on the morphology of the kinetoplast dna (k-dna) of the epimastigotes in many trypanosome species were carried out under standardized conditions. the k-dna shows a morphological variation during the cell cycle of culture forms of the trypanosome species under study. in longitudinal sections of the kinetoplast, the k-dna of t. cruzi appears as a compact trabecular structure; as a relatively disaggregated unit, with a central band or in a transitional stage ... | 1975 | 1099748 |
| characterization of a natural human antibody with anti-galactosyl(alpha 1-2)galactose specificity that is present at high titers in chronic trypanosoma cruzi infection. | an antibody reactive with the galactosyl(alpha 1-2)galactose [gal(alpha 1-2)gal] epitope was characterized in human sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, red blood cell (rbc) and laminin absorption, and oligosaccharide inhibition. this antibody was found evenly distributed between the igg and igm classes and was present at high titers in the serum of all normal adults studied, but in 75% of children less than three years of age, it was observed at the lower limit of detection, and gradually ... | 1992 | 1279994 |
| polyreactive autoantibodies to negatively charged epitopes following trypanosoma cruzi infection. | during the course of many human autoimmune diseases, antibodies which recognize negatively charged epitopes on self antigens are detected. trypanosoma cruzi, an intracellular protozoan parasite capable of infecting a wide variety of vertebrates, is the cause of chagas disease in humans. infection with the parasite frequently results in autoimmune and inflammatory pathology. we report here on an affinity-purified population of antibodies that bind to a broad class of antigens that contain runs of ... | 1992 | 1280220 |
| [current status of knowledge on chagas' disease in the mexican republic]. | a thorough review of the medical literature is made regarding chagas' disease in mexico and elsewhere since 1939, when trypanosoma cruzi was first reported in this country, until 1991. the location where human cases, non human reservoirs and vectors have been found and are pointed out by means of tables and charts. comments are made regarding the results reported. the importance of increasing the studies of chagas' disease in mexican republic is stressed. | 1992 | 1306996 |
| experimental chagas' disease in dogs. | this paper describes the development of experimental chagas' disease in 64 out-bred young dogs. twenty-nine animals were inoculated with the be-62 and 35 with be-78 trypanosoma cruzi strains. twenty-six were infected with blood trypomastigotes by different inoculation routes and 38 with metacyclic trypomastigotes from the vector via the conjunctival route. twenty of the 26 dogs infected with blood trypomastigotes were autopsied during the acute phase. eleven died spontaneously and nine were sacr ... | 1992 | 1308556 |
| a new host of trypanosoma cruzi from jujuy, argentina: octodontomys gliroides (gervais & d'orbigny, 1844) (rodentia, octodontidae). | to identify wild hosts of trypanosoma cruzi, surveys were conducted in the subandean valleys of jujuy province, argentina, between june 1986 and march 1987. seventy two mammals from 13 different species were examined by xenodiagnosis. fifty two of them were mostly rodents trapped at the localities of maimará, león and tilcara, and the remainder had been kept in captivity at the estación biológica experimental, in jujuy. trypanosoma cruzi infection was detected only in 2 octodontomys gliroides (2 ... | 1992 | 1308567 |
| autoantibodies to the ribosomal p proteins react with a plasma membrane-related target on human cells. | autoantibodies to ribosomal p-proteins are present in 12-16% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and are associated with neuropsychiatric disease. as the ribosomal p proteins are located in the cytoplasm, the pathogenic effects of their cognate autoantibodies are unclear. in this study affinity-purified anti-p autoantibodies were used to explore the cell surface of several types of human and animal cells. immunofluorescence as well as em immunogold analysis demonstrated, on the surface ... | 1992 | 1313450 |
| interleukin-3 induces antimicrobial activity against leishmania amazonensis and trypanosoma cruzi and tumoricidal activity in human peripheral blood-derived macrophages. | the ability of interleukin-3 (il-3) to induce antimicrobial and tumoricidal activity was evaluated. macrophages infected with two intracellular protozoa, leishmania amazonensis or trypanosoma cruzi, were treated with cytokines. il-3 induced a dose-dependent enhancement of microbistasis against leishmanias, and the activity of il-3 (100 ng/ml) was comparable to that of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) (1,000 u/ml). in addition, il-3 in combination with either granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating ... | 1992 | 1314223 |
| ubiquitin of entamoeba histolytica deviates in six amino acid residues from the consensus of all other known ubiquitins. | the amino acid sequence of ubiquitin from entamoeba histolytica, as deduced from a cdna nucleotide sequence, deviated at six positions from the consensus of all other known ubiquitins (ranging from trypanosoma cruzi to homo sapiens). the corresponding residues were scattered over the primary sequence, but came close together on the surface of the folded protein structure. we conclude that (i) e. histolytica branched off very early from the main eukaryotic line, and (ii) this organism may yield c ... | 1992 | 1322840 |
| activation of human macrophages for the killing of intracellular trypanosoma cruzi by tnf-alpha and ifn-gamma through a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. | the protozoan parasite trypanosoma cruzi is able to replicate in the cytoplasm of primary resident macrophages, but is killed by activated macrophages. pretreatment of human macrophages with recombinant ifn-gamma and to a lesser extent with tnf-alpha, induced a significant trypanocidal activity. furthermore, tnf-alpha had a synergistic effect with ifn-gamma on macrophage activation in t. cruzi killing. similarly, ifn-gamma triggered the production of nitric oxide (no) by macrophages, whereas tnf ... | 1992 | 1330900 |
| trypanosoma cruzi flagellar repetitive antigen expression by recombinant baculovirus: towards an improved diagnostic reagent for chagas' disease. | we constructed a recombinant baculovirus that expressed part of a trypanosoma cruzi flagellar repetitive antigen (fra). both cell- associated and secreted forms of recombinant fra were detected in cultures of virus-infected spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells. these forms show a complex pattern after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis using either an anti-fra rabbit serum or human chagasic sera. competitive western-blot experiments revealed that all bands react with the s ... | 1992 | 1369025 |
| cloning and expression of trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal protein p0 and epitope analysis of anti-p0 autoantibodies in chagas' disease patients. | chagas' disease, caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite trypanosoma cruzi, is a major cause of heart failure in endemic areas. antigenic mimicry by t. cruzi antigens sharing epitopes with host macromolecules has been implicated in the pathogenesis which is thought to have a significant autoimmune component. we report herein on the cloning and characterization of a full-length cdna from a t. cruzi expression library encoding a protein, tcp0, that is homologous to the human 38-kd ribosomal ... | 1992 | 1377223 |
| cloning and sequencing of a 24-kda trypanosoma cruzi specific antigen released in association with membrane vesicles and defined by a monoclonal antibody. | in the present study we have used the tcr7 monoclonal antibody (mab) previously characterized as directed against trypanosoma cruzi 24-25-kda specific antigens, both are immunogenic in man and during experimental t cruzi infections. we have demonstrated that mab tcr7 was able to recognize two in vitro translation products of molecular weights of 24 and 25 kda. this suggested the holoproteic nature of these two related antigens bearing at least a common epitope and allowed us to use tcr7 for an i ... | 1992 | 1381253 |
| only some members of a gene family in trypanosoma cruzi encode proteins that express both trans-sialidase and neuraminidase activities. | trypomastigotes, the blood stage form of the human parasite trypanosoma cruzi, contain an enzyme on their surface, trans-sialidase, which catalyses the transfer of sialic acid from host glycoconjugates to acceptors on its own cell surface. at least a subset of the sialic acid-bearing acceptor molecules are involved in parasite invasion of host cells, an essential step in the life cycle of the parasite. another trypomastigote surface enzyme that affects host cell invasion is neuraminidase and rec ... | 1992 | 1396577 |
| dna fingerprinting of trypanosoma cruzi: a new tool for characterization of strains and clones. | using nonradioactive hybridization, the human multilocus probe 33.15 was shown to recognize multiple minisatellite regions in nuclear dna from trypanosoma cruzi, producing complex banding patterns on southern blots, typical of dna fingerprints. the dna fingerprints were stable and were capable of identifying different strains of the parasite. individual clones of the y strain showed different banding patterns, demonstrating that the strain is heterogeneous. in general, the sensitivity and specif ... | 1992 | 1435866 |
| resialylation of sialidase-treated sheep and human erythrocytes by trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase: restoration of complement resistance of desialylated sheep erythrocytes. | trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase (ts) is a recently described enzyme which transfers alpha(2-3)-linked sialic acid from host-derived sialylated glycoconjugates to parasite surface molecules [schenkman et al. (1991) cell, 65, 1117]. we report here on the ability of ts to transfer sialic acid from donor sialyl-alpha(2-3)lactose to sialidase-treated sheep and human erythrocytes. up to approximately 50% resialylation of both desialylated red cells could be attained. resialylation of desialylated sh ... | 1992 | 1472761 |
| identification and characterization of an alpha-mannosidase from trypanosoma cruzi. | in this report we describe the first purification and characterization of the acid alpha-mannosidase from the human parasite trypanosoma cruzi. the purified enzyme exhibited a native mol. wt of 240,000 da and is apparently composed of four identical subunits of mol. wt 58,000 da. each of the four subunits contains one n-linked high-mannose-type oligosaccharide. the alpha-mannosidase exhibited a ph optimum of 3.5 and a pi of 5.9. this low ph optimum and the ability of swainsonine to inhibit its a ... | 1992 | 1472763 |
| sequence of the gene for a trypanosoma cruzi protein antigenic during the chronic phase of human chagas disease. | | 1992 | 1518528 |
| evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of chagas' disease using synthetic peptides. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been developed to detect antibodies in human sera to synthetic peptides derived from the repeating amino acid sequence in recombinant trypanosoma cruzi antigens. sixty serum samples from patients with chronic chagas' disease were used to determine the reactivity against the synthetic repeat peptides derived from clones 1, 2, 30, 36, and shed acute phase antigen (sapa). ninety-eight percent of the samples had detectable antibodies to one or more of ... | 1992 | 1536382 |
| the 70-kda heat-shock protein is a major antigenic determinant in human trypanosoma cruzi/leishmania braziliensis braziliensis mixed infection. | five sera from bolivian individuals chronically infected by trypanosoma cruzi, and suffering an active leishmania braziliensis braziliensis metastatic mucocutaneous lesion were characterized. they reacted with the t. cruzi recombinant antigens that are currently used as chagas diagnostic reagents, and with several l. b. braziliensis proteins as assessed by western blot. these sera showed an intense reaction with a t. cruzi and an l. b. braziliensis polypeptide of about 70 kda. expression cloning ... | 1992 | 1548032 |
| cloning of repetitive dna sequences from toxoplasma gondii and their usefulness for parasite detection. | genomic dna of toxoplasma gondii was digested with the restriction endonuclease hpa ii and the resulting repetitive dna sequences were visualized after electrophoresis on agarose gels and staining with ethidium bromide. three repetitive dna sequences were isolated and cloned in the plasmid puc19. the recombinant plasmids (ptg8, ptg4 and ptg1) had inserts of 840, 440, and 180 basepairs, respectively. the estimated copy number of these cloned sequences in the t. gondii genome was approximately 800 ... | 1992 | 1558274 |
| an improved polymerase chain reaction assay to detect trypanosoma cruzi in blood. | amplification by the polymerase chain reaction of trypanosoma cruzi satellite dna was used to enhance sensitivity in the detection of the parasite in blood, with the ultimate goal of improving diagnosis of the chronic phase of chagas' disease. two contiguous oligonucleotides were synthesized corresponding to the most conserved region of the 195-basepair repeated sequence and used as primers for the amplification reaction. nineteen femtograms of parasite dna that was amplified in the presence of ... | 1992 | 1599057 |
| cardiac autonomic dysfunction and neuroganglionitis in a rat model of chronic chagas' disease. | the aim was to evaluate whether the cardiac parasympathetic function in a rat model of chronic chagas' disease is impaired as in the human disease, and to correlate the functional state to histopathology of the intrinsic autonomic innervation of heart. | 1992 | 1638561 |
| octadecyl silica: a solid phase for protein purification by immunoadsorption. | immunoaffinity chromatography involves binding of an antigen or antibody to a solid matrix, usually agarose, frequently using the cyanogen bromide method. these methods are laborious, rather expensive, and their use has been mostly restricted to immunopurifications on the microscale. we propose here the use of octadecyl silica (sicl8) beads, a matrix for hplc, as an alternative solid phase for protein immunopurification and immunoadsorption. antibodies or antigens are strongly bound to sicl8 by ... | 1991 | 1659249 |
| a galactosyl(alpha 1-3)mannose epitope on phospholipids of leishmania mexicana and l. braziliensis is recognized by trypanosomatid-infected human sera. | an immunoglobulin m antibody reactive with galactosyl(alpha 1-3)mannose [gal(alpha 1-3)man] residues present on phospholipids extracted from leishmania mexicana and l. braziliensis was found to be present in high titer in the serum of every normal individual studied. periodate oxidation, acid hydrolysis, or acetylation suppressed immunoreactivity, suggesting that an oligosaccharide chain was responsible for antibody binding. interaction occurs only with alpha-gal terminal residues, since treatme ... | 1990 | 1696285 |
| trypanosoma cruzi: cloning and expression of an antigen recognized by acute and chronic human chagasic sera. | here we describe the characterization of a trypanosoma cruzi dna sequence (clone a13) that codes for a polypeptide recognized by igm and igg antibodies from sera of acute and congenital chagasic patients. antibodies to a13 antigen are also detected in the sera of chronic patients with different clinical forms of chagas' disease, but not in sera of patients with leishmaniasis or other parasitic diseases. the antigenic determinants encoded by clone a13 are found in amastigotes and trypomastigotes ... | 1990 | 1698656 |
| extracellular matrix derived from trypanosoma cruzi infected endothelial cells directs phenotypic expression. | infection of confluent human umbilical vein endothelial cells by the parasite trypanosoma cruzi results in the appearance of an altered heparan sulfate proteoglycan (hspg) isolated from the extracellular matrix of infected endothelial cells (ecmi). hspg from ecmi differed from hspg obtained from the extracellular matrix of uninfected endothelial cells (ecmu) by virtue of an 8-10-fold increase in sulfation and a different elution pattern using deae sepharose chromatography. analysis of the hspg t ... | 1990 | 1700983 |
| complement-mediated lysis of trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes by human anti-alpha-galactosyl antibodies. | antibodies that lyse trypomastigotes in a complement-mediated reaction are believed to be the main participants in the protection against virulent trypanosoma cruzi. antibodies with a specificity for alpha-galactosyl-containing determinants--generally called antigal--were studied to determine their role in the lysis of trypomastigote forms. the titers of antigal markedly increase in chagas's disease. in the present study we demonstrate binding of this antibody to t. cruzi and the complement-medi ... | 1991 | 1706399 |
| trypanosoma cruzi induces suppression of dna synthesis and inhibits expression of interleukin-2 receptors by stimulated human b lymphocytes. | trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas' disease, suppresses immune responses during the acute phase and has been shown to induce multiple cellular alterations in activated human t lymphocytes. however, no information is available regarding the effects of this parasite on human b cells. using an in vitro culture system, in which purified t. cruzi are co-cultured with either peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) or b-cell-enriched preparations (bce), we studied whether the organism c ... | 1991 | 1748480 |
| acute fatal trypanosoma cruzi meningoencephalitis in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive hemophiliac patient. | a 37-year-old hemophiliac patient with known, asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection and chronic chagas' disease was admitted to the hospital complaining of fever and headache. a computed tomographic scan revealed multiple ring-enhancing lesions in both cerebral hemispheres. no antibodies to trypanosoma cruzi were found in the cerebrospinal fluid. treatment for toxoplasmosis of the central nervous system, which was considered the most likely diagnosis, was instituted, but the patien ... | 1991 | 1763799 |
| assay for detection of trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in human sera based on reaction with synthetic peptides. | synthetic peptides modelled according to the amino acid sequences derived from the repeated domains of five trypanosoma cruzi antigens were used in an immunoradiometric assay to detect antibodies appearing after natural human infections. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an indirect immunofluorescence assay performed with a complex antigenic mixture from parasites were used as controls. the results indicate that the synthetic peptides were recognized by a large proportion of serum samples ... | 1991 | 1774331 |
| changes in cell-surface carbohydrates of trypanosoma cruzi during metacyclogenesis under chemically defined conditions. | highly purified lectins with specificities for receptor molecules containing sialic acid, n-acetylglucosamine (d-glcnac), n-acetylgalactosamine (d-galnac), galactose (d-gal), mannose-like residues (d-man) or l-fucose (l-fuc), were used to determine changes in cell-surface carbohydrates of the protozoal parasite trypanosoma cruzi during metacyclogenesis under chemically defined conditions. of the d-galnac-binding lectins, bs-i selectively agglutinated metacyclic trypomastigotes, mpl was selective ... | 1991 | 1791438 |
| role of trypanosoma cruzi lipopolysaccharide on human granulocyte biological activities. | | 1991 | 1842440 |
| purine analogs as chemotherapeutic agents in leishmaniasis and american trypanosomiasis. | the metabolic pathways for purines in parasitic protozoans differ significantly from the corresponding pathways in human beings. leishmania and trypanosoma cruzi have particular enzymatic reactions that have relevance for chemotherapy. certain purine analogs are metabolized by the parasites to nucleotides and aminated to the analogs of adenine nucleotides. these halt protein synthesis and cause the break-down of rna. the most important purine analogs with respect to chemotherapeutic potential ar ... | 1991 | 1906917 |
| bloodstream trypanosoma cruzi parasites from mice simultaneously express antigens that are markers of acute and chronic human chagas disease. | several recombinant trypanosoma cruzi proteins previously isolated were used as antigens to analyse antibody specificities present in sera from human infections. some parasite proteins such as sapa (shed acute phase antigen) are antigenic early after infection. others, like antigens 1 and 30, are antigenic mainly during the chronic phase of the infection. to understand why different proteins are antigenic at different periods of infection, specificities of antibodies present in the sera of infec ... | 1991 | 1907729 |
| the intracellular fate of histoplasma capsulatum in human macrophages is unaffected by recombinant human interferon-gamma. | human alveolar, peritoneal, and cultured macrophages were exposed in vitro to human recombinant interferon-gamma (rhuifn-gamma) and were tested for their ability to inhibit intracellular replication of yeast-phase histoplasma capsulatum. exposure at various concentrations, and for different time periods, failed to activate the macrophages to inhibit multiplication of intracellular yeast. macrophages were, however, activated by rhuifn-gamma as shown by their ability to inhibit intracellular repli ... | 1990 | 2104917 |
| characterization of major surface and excretory-secretory immunogens of trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes and identification of potential protective antigen. | the surface antigens of trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes were identified by immunoprecipitation and were compared with metabolically labelled excretory-secretory products (es) released by the parasites in vitro. a series of major immunogenic components in the es antigens were revealed (160 kda, 130 kda and 80-110 kda). the trypomastigote surface also bears the 130 kda band and the 80-110 kda complex. competition experiments demonstrated the common antigenic structure of the es and the surface a ... | 1990 | 2107503 |
| elevated cerebroside antibody levels in human visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, trypanosoma rangeli infection, and chronic chagas' disease. | a natural cerebroside (antic) igm antibody was found at relatively high levels in the serum of every healthy individual studied. the reactivity of the antibody was assessed by using highly purified bovine brain galactocerebroside (galc) or human glucocerebroside (gluc) as antigen. the importance of fatty acid moiety of galc in antigen-antibody reaction was demonstrated by low immunoreactivity using 1-beta-d-galactosyl sphingosine (gs) as antigen and by the absence of absorption to gs-bearing lip ... | 1990 | 2116736 |
| trypanosoma cruzi: a possible control of transfusion-induced chagas' disease by phenolic antioxidants. | the following phenolic antioxidant food additives were evaluated against trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes: bht, bha, gallic acid and its methyl, propyl, octyl, and lauryl esters, 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(4-methoxybenzyl)-phenol, 4,4'-isopropilidenediphenol, and protocatechuic acid and its ethyl ester. the inhibition of the respiration; the changes in motility, shape, and lysis of the parasites; and the human blood hemolysis caused by these chemicals were studied. human blood samples experimentally co ... | 1990 | 2121515 |
| trypanosoma cruzi: experimental chagas' disease in rhesus monkeys. ii. ultrastructural and cytochemical studies of peroxidase and acid phosphatase activities. | ultrastructural and cytochemical studies of peroxidase and acid phosphatase were performed in skin, lymph node and heart muscle tissue of rhesus monkeys with experimental chagas' disease. at the site of inoculation there was a proliferative reaction with the presence of immature macrophages revealed by peroxidase technique. at the lymph node a diffuse inflammatory exudate with mononuclear cells, fibroblasts and immature activated macrophages reproduces the human pattern of acute chagas' disease ... | 1990 | 2128361 |
| [effect of cyclosporin and prednisone on the acute phase of experimental infection of mice by trypanosoma cruzi]. | the relations between immunosuppression and human or experimental infection by trypanosoma cruzi have recently been the subject of great interest, specially because of the wider use of drugs acting on immunity and of organ transplantation programs, now in frank expansion. the use of cyclosporin turned necessary to know adequately its interactions with t. cruzi parasitosis, and this has been the objective of the present study, regarding the acute phase in mice, in comparison to the use of prednis ... | 1990 | 2135359 |
| trypanosoma cruzi: modification of alkaline phosphatase activity induced by trypomastigotes in cultured human placental villi. | human term placental villi cultured "in vitro" were maintained with bloodstream forms of trypanosoma cruzi during various periods of time. two different concentrations of the parasite were employed. controls contained no t. cruzi. the alkaline phosphatase activity was determined in placental villi by electron microscopy and its specific activity in the culture medium by biochemical methods. results showed that the hemoflagellate produces a significant decrease in enzyme activity as shown by both ... | 1990 | 2135485 |
| trypanosoma cruzi inhibits the expression of cd3, cd4, cd8, and il-2r by mitogen-activated helper and cytotoxic human lymphocytes. | we studied the effects of trypanosoma cruzi secretion products on the capacity of helper (th) and cytotoxic (tc) cells to express il-2r, cd3, cd4, and cd8 in response to pha or anti-cd3 stimulation. to this end, we used a culture system in which blood forms of the parasite were cocultured with human pbmc. two-color flow cytometry studies revealed that, under these conditions, there was a significant decrease in the percentage of both th and tc cells expressing il-2r (inhibition range = 30 to 65% ... | 1990 | 2139458 |
| circulating antibodies to mouse laminin in chagas disease, american cutaneous leishmaniasis, and normal individuals recognize terminal galactosyl(alpha 1-3)-galactose epitopes. | sera from patients with american cutaneous leishmaniasis and chagas disease and from monkeys infected with either trypanosoma cruzi or trypanosoma rhodesiense show, in rias, strong binding to mouse laminin. a distinct although weaker binding activity is also detected in normal human sera. the antibodies recognize a common carbohydrate epitope present on mouse laminin, which was assigned to a terminal galactosyl(alpha 1-3)-galactose group. distinct crossreactions were observed with some other bas ... | 1987 | 2439642 |
| antigenic determinants of trypanosoma cruzi defined by cloning of parasite dna. | a genomic dna library from trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of chagas' disease, was constructed in the gt11 lambda vector and was screened with serum from a chagasic patient. out of 53 positive clones, 23 plaques were purified to homogeneity and 10 different groups were defined by cross-hybridization experiments and by reaction of antibodies selected with products from each recombinant clone. native t. cruzi proteins of molecular mass ranging from 85 to larger than 205 kda that share antigenic deter ... | 1987 | 2444885 |
| toxic effects produced or mediated by human eosinophil granule components on trypanosoma cruzi. | the eosinophil granule major basic protein, the eosinophil cationic protein, and the eosinophil-derived neurotoxin were found to be lytic for trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes from blood, cell cultures, or insect vectors and for cultured amastigotes. the toxic effects of the major basic and cationic proteins were inhibited by the polyanions heparin and dextran sulfate, in keeping with the cationic nature of these proteins, or by heat denaturation, suggesting that molecular conformation was also ... | 1988 | 2451444 |
| structure and expression of two trypanosoma cruzi genes encoding antigenic proteins bearing repetitive epitopes. | trypanosoma cruzi genes were cloned in lambda gt11 and screened with an anti-trypomastigote antiserum. two out of twelve clones were selected in view of their reactivity with human chagasic sera. one clone encodes a flagellar antigen (fra) of more than 300 kda, whereas the other corresponds to a roughly 225-kda cytoplasmic antigen (cra). the flagellar antigen is present in both epimastigotes and trypomastigotes, but the cytoplasmic antigen is not found in trypomastigotes. the cra clone is entire ... | 1989 | 2475776 |
| phosphocholine epitopes on helminth and protozoal parasites and their presence in the circulation of infected human patients. | antigens containing phosphocholine (pc) circulate in the blood during chronic filarial infection. because of the wide occurrence of such pc epitopes, we examined their specificity by evaluating 10 common parasites of humans for the presence of pc epitopes, and sera from patients infected with these parasites for circulating antigens containing pc. immunoblot analysis of extracts from various parasites using an anti-pc monoclonal antibody (ca101) demonstrated the presence of pc epitopes on the pr ... | 1989 | 2482559 |
| the activity of ketoconazole and other azoles against trypanosoma cruzi: biochemistry and chemotherapeutic action in vitro. | trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes in culture medium, and amastigotes and trypomastigotes in cultured human diploid lung cells were exposed to the antimycotic agent ketoconazole and their growth and/or sterol biosynthesis observed. propagation of epimastigotes and amastigotes was impaired by concentrations of ketoconazole achievable in human serum, and amastigotes were more sensitive than were epimastigotes. epimastigotes and trypomastigotes (non-dividing stage) displayed changes in their membrane ... | 1989 | 2494453 |
| identification of a trypanosoma cruzi antigen that is shed during the acute phase of chagas' disease. | a trypanosoma cruzi antigen which is shed into the culture medium by the trypomastigote stage of the parasite and detected in blood of acutely infected mice was cloned and characterized. we designate this antigen shed acute phase antigen (sapa). five protein bands with apparent molecular masses ranging from 160 to 200 kda were detected by immunoblotting of plasma from infected mice and in supernatants of cultured trypomastigotes upon reaction with antibodies against sapa. a serum obtained from a ... | 1989 | 2499788 |
| [problems related to the diagnosis of chagas' disease]. | trypanosoma cruzi may be transmitted to a susceptible human through different routes: a superficial lesion in the skin, such as a scraping of the small wound produced by the hematophagous triatomid bug vector, which becomes infected with its contaminated feces; the placenta, from the infected mother to the product of conception; a transfusion from an infected donor, or even by ingestion of diverse foods infected or contaminated with the parasite. whichever may be the transmission of the protozoo ... | 1989 | 2517014 |
| characterization of a protein from trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes that cleaves non-immune igg bound through its fab fragment. | a protein from trypanosoma cruzi bloodstream trypomastigotes that binds igg from man and several other animal species was isolated and characterized. the 52-kda protein obtained from different t. cruzi cell extracts showed saturable binding with a k of 3.72 nm. immunoblot analysis revealed that fab, but not fc, fragments of the ig were recognized. when the protein was added to an unrelated c-fixation reaction, lysis was abolished in a dose-dependent fashion. when freshly prepared t. cruzi extrac ... | 1989 | 2645365 |
| trypanosoma cruzi: endocytosis and degradation of specific antibodies by parasite forms. | specific human igg antibodies bound to a trypanosoma cruzi envelope were internalized by antigen receptor-mediated endocytosis. ferritin conjugated antibodies and horseradish peroxidase (hrp) conjugated igg were found inside parasite cytoplasmic vesicles. nonspecific igg that did not bind to the external membrane was not internalized by the parasite. the ratio of 3h-protein a labeled: specific igg internalization by parasites in the exponential growth phase (95% epimastigotes) was much smaller t ... | 1989 | 2645803 |
| trypanothione reductase from trypanosoma cruzi. catalytic properties of the enzyme and inhibition studies with trypanocidal compounds. | trypanothione reductase of trypanosoma cruzi is a key enzyme in the antioxidant metabolism of the parasite. here we report on the enzymic and pharmacological properties of trypanothione reductase using glutathionylspermidine disulfide as a substrate. 1. both ph optimum (7.5) and the ionic strength optimum (at 30 mm) are unusually narrow for this enzyme. 40 mm hepes, 1 mm edta, ph 7.5 was chosen as a standard assay buffer because in this system the kcat/km ratio had the highest values for both na ... | 1989 | 2647489 |
| interaction of human eosinophils or neutrophils with trypanosoma cruzi in vitro causes bystander cardiac cell damage. | we studied in vitro whether human eosinophils (eos) or neutrophils (pmn), which infiltrate the cardiac lesions of patients with chagas' disease, have the potential to contribute to pathogenesis upon interaction with trypanosoma cruzi. incubation of eos or pmn with t. cruzi amastigotes in the medium overlaying heart myoblast monolayers for 1-6 hr resulted in myoblast injury denoted by cell detachment (35-85%) accompanied by a small but reproducible degree of cell lysis (less than 15%). myoblast i ... | 1989 | 2647628 |
| specific binding of human plasma high density lipoprotein (cruzin) to trypanosoma cruzi. | binding of high density lipoprotein (hdl) to trypanosoma cruzi was examined because of its ability to specifically inhibit the parasite's neuraminidase. 125i-labeled hdl bound to live and glutaraldehyde-fixed parasites equally well either at 37 degrees c or at 4 degrees c. binding was saturable and inhibited by unlabeled hdl but not by unrelated plasma proteins. specificity of the t. cruzi-hdl interaction was confirmed using fluorescein labeled hdl which bound to t. cruzi but not to t. rangeli, ... | 1988 | 2838753 |
| antibody response to experimental trypanosoma rangeli infection and its implications for immunodiagnosis of south american trypanosomiasis. | differential immunodiagnosis of t. rangeli and t. cruzi infections in man poses a particular problem, not only because these parasites share antigenic determinants, as detected by immunofluorescence, but also because they have a similar geographical distribution, the same host range and often identical insect vectors. we show here that whereas mouse anti-t. rangeli sera have significant cross reactivity with t. cruzi by immunofluorescence, they are entirely specific when tested by elisa, using a ... | 1985 | 2868633 |
| use of monoclonal antibodies for the differential detection of trypanosoma cruzi and t. rangeli in epidemiological studies and xenodiagnosis. | t. cruzi and t. rangeli have the same insect and mammalian hosts, including man, and in addition share approximately half the antigenic determinants recognised by the humoral response. thus serodiagnosis of t. cruzi infection in areas where t. rangeli is endemic may include an unknown rate of false positives due to this antigenic cross-reactivity. similarly, the results of xenodiagnostic procedures and epidemiological surveys of insect vectors are prone to distortion because of the close morphol ... | 1987 | 2894129 |
| on the mechanism of killing of trypanosoma cruzi by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | the temperature-dependence of some processes involved in the killing of sensitized t. cruzi epimastigotes by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) was determined. the rate of the reactions was related to the temperature of incubation according to the arrhenius equation and the apparent energies of activation (ea) were calculated. the ea values separated these complex reactions into two groups: one with ea of about 10 kcal/mol for the phagocytosis of the parasites and the release of lysosomal ... | 1985 | 2981702 |
| in vitro cytocidal effect of novel lytic peptides on plasmodium falciparum and trypanosoma cruzi. | plasmodium falciparum and trypanosoma cruzi were killed by two novel lytic peptides (sb-37 and shiva-1) in vitro. human erythrocytes infected with p. falciparum, and vero cells infected with t. cruzi, were exposed to these peptides. the result, in both cases, was a significant decrease in the level of parasite infection. furthermore, the peptides had a marked cytocidal effect on trypomastigote stages of t. cruzi in media, whereas host eukaryotic cells were unaffected by the treatments. in view o ... | 1988 | 3049204 |
| effect of heterocyclic analogues of triphenylmethane dyes against trypanosoma cruzi. | several heterocyclic analogues of triphenylmethane dyes have been synthesized. their in vitro activity has been evaluated using the epimastigote forms of trypanosoma cruzi as an assay system. the malachite green and gentian violet dyes previously reported as trypanocidal agents were also tested for comparison. among the compounds tested, the 2-benzothienyl-bis-(4,4'-dimethylaminophenyl) derivative proved to be the most interesting, because of its high selectivity in killing parasites. the id50, ... | 1988 | 3074737 |
| characterization of dolichol monophosphate- and dolichol diphosphate-linked saccharides in trypanosomatid flagellates. | dolichol-p- and dolichol-p-p-linked saccharides were isolated from several trypanosomatid flagellates incubated with [u-14c]glucose. formation of glc-p-dolichol and man-p-dolichol was observed in herpetomonas muscarum and leishmania adleri, whereas only the latter derivative was synthesized in trypanosoma dionisii and leptomonas samueli. the main and largest dolichol-p-p-linked oligosaccharide formed in trypanosoma conorhini, t. dionisii, l. samueli, herpetomonas samuelpessoai and h. muscarum ap ... | 1986 | 3083254 |
| suppression of human lymphocyte responses by trypanosoma cruzi. | virtually nothing is known about the basis for the immunosuppression associated with human t. cruzi infection. we have used an in vitro system to explore this effect. incubation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) with blood forms of t. cruzi abrogated their responses to suboptimal, optimal and supraoptimal doses of con a, pha or pwm, whether or not monocytes were depleted. killed parasites were not suppressive. maximal suppression (74%) occurred when the parasites were present du ... | 1987 | 3102355 |
| inhibition of mammalian host cell infection by insect-derived, metacyclic forms of trypanosoma cruzi in the presence of human or rabbit anti-t. cruzi antibodies. | | 1987 | 3106253 |
| synthesis of dolichol derivatives in trypanosomatids. characterization of enzymatic patterns. | we have previously described that in certain parasitic protozoa, namely the trypanosomatids, the dolichol-p-p-linked oligosaccharides synthesized in vivo and transferred to protein are devoid of glucose residues and contain 6, 7, or 9 mannose units depending on the species. we have now conducted a cell-free characterization of the enzymatic patterns responsible for these phenotypes. microsomes from trypanosoma cruzi, crithidia fasciculata, leishmania enriettii, and blastocrithidia culicis were f ... | 1987 | 3112153 |
| characterization of trypanosoma cruzi antigens recognized by sera from patients with chronic chagas' disease. | the aim of this work was to study the trypanosoma cruzi antigens more reactive with antibodies from chagasic patients. for this purpose, the polypeptidic spectrum of cytosol was analyzed by isoelectric focusing. it showed about thirty bands distributed along a ph gradient of 3-10. in order to study the antigenicity of these polypeptides, four fractions from the focused cytosol were eluted and then analyzed by elisa with chagasic and control sera. the more acidic and homogeneous fraction (fiv, pi ... | 1987 | 3119504 |
| a radiometric assay for diagnosing lytic antibodies in trypanosoma cruzi infection. | infective forms of trypanosoma cruzi were used to evaluate the complement-mediated lysis (coml) of the parasites in the presence of anti-t. cruzi sera. parasites released to the supernatant from infected vero cell monolayers were used. cultures of 1-3 x 10(6) parasites/ml were incubated for 24 h in the presence of 10 microci/ml of 3h-uridine. under these conditions 10(5) parasites used for each determination incorporated about 9600 dpm of the radioactive material. the release of tritium from lab ... | 1988 | 3143107 |
| antibody response and antigen recognition in human infection with trypanosoma cruzi. | sequential serum samples of an individual accidentally infected with trypanosoma cruzi were examined to study the evolution of the antibody response, particularly of those with the capacity to lyse trypanosomes, and to determine the antigens of each of the 3 stages of the life cycle of t. cruzi, recognized by antibodies formed as the infection progresses. t. cruzi specific igm and subclasses of igg antibodies were detected and reached peak levels at the same period of time. lytic antibodies were ... | 1988 | 3143270 |
| [transmission of trypanosoma cruzi in a case, during lactation, in a non-endemic area]. | | 1988 | 3151133 |
| developmentally regulated expression by trypanosoma cruzi of molecules that accelerate the decay of complement c3 convertases. | we recently showed that culture-derived metacyclic trypomastigotes (cmt), but not epimastigotes (epi), of the miranda 88 strain of trypanosoma cruzi evade lysis by the human alternative complement pathway because of inefficient binding of factor b to complement component c3b on the parasite surface. these results suggested that cmt and tissue-culture-derived trypomastigotes (tct), which also activate the alternative pathway poorly, might produce a molecule capable of interfering with factor b bi ... | 1988 | 3277170 |
| glycoproteins of trypanosomes: their biosynthesis and biological significance. | 1. trypanosomes are unicellular parasites that cause human sleeping sickness in africa and chagas' disease in south america. glycoproteins are important components of their plasma membrane. 2. the bloodstream form of the extracellular salivarian african trypanosome (e.g. trypanosoma brucei) has the ability to express on its cell surface a repertoire of variant surface glycoproteins (vsgs) and in so doing, evades the immune response of the host (antigenic variation). 3. the vsg is probably synthe ... | 1987 | 3315421 |
| the conduction system of the heart in mice chronically infected with trypanosoma cruzi: histopathological lesions and electrocardiographic correlations. | chronic focal and diffuse myocarditis with interstitial fibrosis developed in swiss outbred mice and in the inbred akr and a/j strains of mice which were chronically infected with several trypanosoma cruzi strains belonging to three biological types (type i, ii and iii). high incidence of electrocardiographic changes with predominance of intraventricular conduction disturbances, 1st. and 2nd. degree av block, arrhythmias, comparable with those found in human chagas' disease, were also present. m ... | 1987 | 3507566 |
| a protein a-binding, polyethylene glycol precipitation-based immunoradiometric assay. application to the detection of immune complexes and c3 in human sera and of private antigens in cross-reacting parasite extracts. | an immunoradiometric assay, based on the precipitation of antigen-antibody complexes by polyethylene glycol (peg) and on the subsequent binding of peg-soluble radiolabelled staphylococcal protein a to the peg-insoluble complexes, is described. the assay can be applied to the detection of naturally occurring, circulating immune complexes, and of complexes artificially created by mixing antigen and antibody solutions, which makes it of potential use for the detection of either antigen or antibody ... | 1986 | 3517172 |
| novobiocin antagonism of amastigotes of trypanosoma cruzi growing in cell-free medium. | inhibitors of the enzyme bacterial topoisomerase ii (dna gyrase) were evaluated for activity against trypanosoma cruzi (brazil strain), based on the theoretical need for a topoisomerase ii in the replication of the kinetoplast dna network. novobiocin (500 micrograms/ml) antagonized amastigotes of t. cruzi growing in a cell-free medium at 37 degrees c, as manifested by inhibition of multiplication, abnormal morphology of giemsa-stained organisms, and delayed or absent growth of cells upon subcult ... | 1986 | 3521485 |
| the karyotype and ploidy of trypanosoma cruzi. | little is known of the number or organization of chromosomes in trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite responsible for chagas' disease in man in the new world. straightforward cytogenetic analysis is precluded because trypanosome chromosomes fail to condense during the cell cycle. we have size-fractionated the chromosome-sized dna molecules of representative t. cruzi strains by pulsed field gradient (pfg) gel electrophoresis and located several housekeeping genes by southern blotting using cd ... | 1986 | 3525150 |
| identification of specific and cross-reactive antigens of leishmania donovani chagasi by human infection sera. | cloned leishmania donovani chagasi (ldc) promastigotes were analyzed by sds-page separation and immunoblotting with human infection sera. the patterns of antigen reactivity were compared by using sera from individuals with ldc, leishmania mexicana amazonensis (lma), trypanosoma cruzi, mycobacterium tuberculosis, or mycobacterium leprae infections. sera from individuals with these infections recognized ldc antigens in several m.w. ranges. reactivity was due to recognition of ldc molecules and not ... | 1987 | 3543131 |
| specific inhibition of trypanosoma cruzi neuraminidase by the human plasma glycoprotein "cruzin". | plasma of normal human individuals was shown to contain an inhibitor of trypanosoma cruzi neuraminidase (naase; acylneuraminyl hydrolase, sialidase, ec 3.2.1.18). the inhibitor has been purified to homogeneity by peg precipitation, cm affi-gel blue sepharose chromatography, and gel filtration. the purified preparation inhibits t. cruzi naase at a concentration as low as 10(-9) m and has no effect at concentrations at least 100 times higher on any of the other naases tested, including those from ... | 1987 | 3554230 |
| lactoferrin effects on phagocytic cell function. i. increased uptake and killing of an intracellular parasite by murine macrophages and human monocytes. | mouse peritoneal macrophages (mpm) or human blood monocytes (hbm) co-cultured with intracellular (amastigote; ama) forms of trypanosoma cruzi in the presence of human lactoferrin (lf) took up greater numbers of organisms than in the absence of lf; the proportion of phagocytes taking up ama was also significantly increased. pretreatment of either mpm or ama with lf also enhanced cell-parasite association. by immunofluorescence, hbm, mpm, and ama were found to bind lf. by using 125i-labeled lf, ea ... | 1985 | 3886800 |
| chagas' heart disease: experimental models. | an experimental model embodies an evaluation procedure that helps the investigator to choose between possible alternatives. in this paper, consideration is given to a variety of aspects related to the host-parasite relationship in trypanosoma cruzi infection and disease. although several animal species have been used, there is still a lack of consistent experimental studies. a few examples of investigations mainly in dogs, monkeys, and rabbits are briefly described, showing the diversity of meth ... | 1985 | 3916473 |
| longitudinal study of immune response in human chagas' disease. | immune response, clinical status, and reactivity to heart tissue were studied longitudinally for 1 year in 42 patients with chagas' disease (south american trypanosomiasis). the patients were divided into two groups. group 1 was composed of patients with chagasic infection with no evidence of heart disease. group 2 patients had chagasic infection and cardiomyopathy. humoral immune response to trypanosoma cruzi was measured serologically, and cell-mediated immune responses to t. cruzi and rat hea ... | 1985 | 3930564 |
| [trials for optimization of the culture conditions of human pathogenic trypanosomas and leishmania]. | due to the extended political, cultural and economic relations with tropical countries a good knowledge of tropical diseases is required. since the direct parasitological diagnosis is superior to the serological one it seems logical to improve the culture conditions for laboratory diagnosis and for immunological and chemotherapeutical tests. trypanosoma cruzi (chagas) and leishmania donovani (kala-azar) were tested in vitro. enlargement of the culture surface at the same volume of the medium at ... | 1985 | 3937462 |
| [infection by trypanosoma cruzi in man versus chagas' disease in tibu, north of santander, colombia]. | | 1971 | 4253500 |
| lymphocyte transformation in chagas disease. | the in vitro response of human peripheral lymphocytes to trypanosoma (schizotrypanum) cruzi antigens and to phytohemagglutinin was used to study the role of cellular immunity in chagas disease (american trypanosomiasis). solubilized t. cruzi antigens elicited 5 to 30% transformed cells in 5-day cultures of lymphocytes from adults chronically infected with t. cruzi. no major difference was noted between the response of 22 asymptomatic individuals and of 3 patients with chagasic cardiopathy. no co ... | 1972 | 4629392 |
| clinical and epidemiological study of chronic heart involvement in chagas' disease. | it has been estimated that, in vast areas of the american continent, there is a high prevalence of human infection by trypanosoma cruzi. such infection can lead to a variety of heart diseases, predominantly with involvement of the myocardium. the aim of the present work was to determine the prevalence of heart disease in two rural areas of venezuela with a high endemicity of chagas' disease and to try to determine the natural history of the disease. it is shown that a form of chronic myocardial ... | 1966 | 4957485 |
| epizootiology of trypanosoma cruzi in southwestern north america. ix. an investigation to determine the incidence of trypanosoma cruzi infections in triatominae and man on the yucatan peninsula of mexico. | | 1967 | 4965338 |
| [wild reservoirs and vectors of trypanosoma cruzi. 23. colonization of rhodnius neglectus lent, 1954 in man-made dwellings (hemiptera, reduviidae)]. | | 1968 | 4982470 |