| genetic complexity of plasmodium vivax parasites in individual human infections analyzed with monoclonal antibodies against variant epitopes on a single parasite protein. | monoclonal antibodies against variant epitopes of a highly polymorphic protein (pv200) in schizonts of plasmodium vivax have been used to analyze the variety of genetically distinct populations of parasites present in the peripheral blood of individual p. vivax infections in sri lanka. in 9 out of 10 isolates of freshly drawn p. vivax infected blood from different individuals, parasites of only 1 pv200 serotype was found within each individual infection, even though parasites were serotypically ... | 1990 | 1690521 |
| anopheline ecology and malaria infection during the irrigation development of an area of the mahaweli project, sri lanka. | a study on adult anopheline ecology and malaria vector incrimination was carried out from 1986 to 1989 during irrigation development in an area of the mahaweli project in eastern sri lanka. eleven potential vector species were collected resting indoors or by using human or bovid bait, and from light trap catches. overall, anopheles vagus (donitz), an. annularis (van der wulp), and an. subpictus (grassi) were the most prevalent, and an. culicifacies (giles) and an. barbirostris (van der wulp) wer ... | 1991 | 1877717 |
| tumour necrosis factor-dependent parasite-killing effects during paroxysms in non-immune plasmodium vivax malaria patients. | plasmodium vivax malaria infections in non-immune individuals manifest as periodic clinical episodes of fever with chills and rigors known as paroxysms. we have demonstrated that in non-immune patients the period of paroxysm is associated with the transient presence of plasma factors which kill gametocytes, the intra-erythrocytic sexual stages of the malaria parasite which transmit the infection from humans to mosquito, rendering them non-infectious to mosquitoes. gametocyte killing in paroxysm ... | 1992 | 1351432 |
| human igg responses against the n-terminal region of the merozoite surface protein 1 of plasmodium vivax. | the complete primary structure of the gene encoding the merozoite surface protein 1 of plasmodium vivax (pvmsp-1) revealed the existence of interspecies conserved regions among the analogous proteins of other plasmodia species. here, three dna recombinant clones expressing 50, 200 and 500 amino acids from the n-terminal region of the pvmsp-1 protein were used on elisa and protein immunoblotting assays to look at the igg antibody responses of malaria patients from the brazilian amazon region of r ... | 1992 | 1343729 |
| detection of circulating plasmodial antigens in human sera by sandwich elisa with monoclonal antibodies. | two monoclonal antibodies (mabs), one produced against plasmodium falciparum (pf-ig8) and the other against p. cynomolgi (pc-ie12) schizont antigens were used in a sandwich elisa for the detection of circulating plasmodial antigens in sera of patients infected with either p. falciparum, p. vivax or p. malariae. the mean +/- sd optical density (od) values for the normal control group using pf-108 and pc-1e12 were 0.351 +/- 0.036 and 0.205 +/- 0.044, respectively. mean od values for the three infe ... | 1992 | 1298082 |
| uninfected erythrocytes form "rosettes" around plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes. | the human malaria parasite, p. falciparum, exhibits cytoadherence properties whereby infected erythrocytes containing mature parasite stages bind to endothelial cells both in vivo and in vitro. another property of cytoadherence, "rosetting," or the binding of uninfected erythrocytes around an infected erythrocyte, has been demonstrated with a simian malaria parasite p. fragile which is sequestered in vivo in its natural host, macaca sinica. in the present study we demonstrate that rosetting occu ... | 1989 | 2645800 |
| malaria transmission and vector biology in manarintsoa, high plateaux of madagascar. | to evaluate the factors which determine the transmission level of falciparum malaria, entomological and parasitological surveys were conducted from october 1988 to february 1990 in manarintsoa in the central highland plateaux of madagascar. mosquitoes were collected for 928 man-nights in pit shelters and indoor resting sites. malaria vectors were anopheles arabiensis and an. funestus, with no evidence of the presence of an. gambiae sensu stricto. vectors were mainly exophilic and zoophilic. the ... | 1990 | 2202220 |
| periodic and chaotic host-parasite interactions in human malaria. | it has been recognized since ancient times that malaria fever is highly periodic but the mechanism has been poorly understood. malaria fever is related to the parasite growth cycle in erythrocytes. after a fixed period of replication, a mature parasite (schizont) causes the infected erythrocyte to rupture, releasing progeny that quickly invade other erythrocytes. simultaneous rupture of a large number of schizonts stimulates a host fever response. febrile temperatures are damaging to plasmodium ... | 1991 | 2052590 |
| human immune response directed against plasmodium falciparum heat shock-related proteins. | heat shock-related stress proteins present in all eucaryotes and procaryotes have been shown to be immune targets in a broad range of infections. we have analyzed sera from people exposed primarily to plasmodium falciparum for specific antibodies against two heat shock-related proteins (proteins similar to the heat shock protein with a molecular weight of 75,000 [pfhsp] and a glucose-regulated protein with a molecular weight of 72,000 [pfgrp]). in an immunoprecipitation analysis with metabolical ... | 1990 | 1691147 |
| structure and expression of the gene for pv200, a major blood-stage surface antigen of plasmodium vivax. | molecular cloning and structure analysis of the gene encoding the pv200 protein of the sal-1 strain of plasmodium vivax revealed an overall identity of 34-37% when the deduced amino acid sequence was compared with the sequences of various major merozoite surface antigens of plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium yoelii and plasmodium chabaudi. when the sal-1 pv200 sequence was compared with the corresponding sequence from the belèm strain of p. vivax, it was found that the two merozoite surface antig ... | 1992 | 1371329 |
| high seasonal malaria transmission rates in the intermediate rainfall zone of sri lanka. | malaria transmission was studied at nikawehera, a long-established farming village, located in the intermediate rainfall zone of sri lanka. observations were made over a 12-month period (october-september) that included the main rainy season which occurred during the north-east monsoon in november-january. anolpheles culicifacies, the recognized vector of malaria in sri lanka, was the predominant anopheline mosquito collected by human night baiting at nikawehera. high entomological inoculation r ... | 1992 | 1304700 |
| the resistance factor to plasmodium vivax in blacks. the duffy-blood-group genotype, fyfy. | duffy-blood-group-negative human erythrocytes, fyfy, are resistant to invasion in vitro by plasmodium knowlesi. the fyfy genotype is found predominantly in african and american blacks, who are the only groups completely resistant to infection by p. vivax. to determine if the fyfy genotype is the vivax resistance factor, we performed blood typing on 11 black and six white volunteers who had been exposed to the bites of p. vivax-infected mosquitoes. only the five fyfy blacks were resistant to eryt ... | 1976 | 778616 |
| comparison of the curative antimalarial activities and toxicities of primaquine and its d and l isomers. | this investigation was undertaken to determine whether either d-primaquine or l-primaquine has sufficient advantage over primaquine to warrant evaluation for curative activity in human volunteers infected with plasmodium vivax. it was found: (i) that the capacities of the isomers and the racemate to cure infections with plasmodium cynomolgi in rhesus monkeys were essentially identical; (ii) that the subacute toxicities of the isomers and racemate for this monkey were qualitatively the same, but ... | 1977 | 407841 |
| determination of antibody titres in human malaria using the indirect haemagglutination test. | | 1978 | 374268 |
| origin of proteinuria in human malaria. | the prevalence and pathogenesis of renal involvement was investigated in 74 patients with malarial infections. a rise in proteinuria of 150 to 5,000 mg per day was seen in 12 out of 27 patients with plasmodium falciparum infections. sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed either an increase in albumin and high molecular weight proteins alone or an increase in low and high molecular weight proteins. serum creatinine and urea were increased in 5 patients. in p. vivax infections, 8 out of 4 ... | 1985 | 3890120 |
| human parasitoses of the malili area, south sulawesi (celebes) province, indonesia. | a biomedical survey was conducted in 9 villages in the malili area of south sulawesi, indonesia. blood specimens were examined for malaria and microfilariae; stool specimens were examined for intestinal parasites. malaria parasitemias were rare; plasmodium falciparum was detected in 10 and p. vivax in 11 of 985 blood smears. malayan filariasis was endemic to all villages surveyed. the overall prevalence of detectable microfilaremias was 15%, varying from 34% in kawata to 1% in nuha. microfilaria ... | 1978 | 364674 |
| plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax infections in the owl monkey (aotus trivirgatus). i. the courses of untreated infections. | this study, the first of three designed to determine the feasibility of using owl monkeys infected with human plasmodia in the search for new, more broadly active antimalarial drugs, dealt with the characteristics of untreated infections with eight strains of plasmodium falciparum and two strains of p. vivax. such infections, induced by standardized inocula of these strains in 1,733 monkeys, all aotus trivirgatus griseimembra, were followed from day of inoculation to death of self-cure. the viru ... | 1978 | 99055 |
| antimalarial activities of various 4-quinolonemethanols with special attention to wr-142,490 (mefloquine). | pilot appraisals of the activities of a selected group of 4-quinolinemethanols against acute plasmodium falciparum infections in owl monkeys indicated that compounds of this class are equally active against infections with chloroquine-resistant and chloroquine-susceptible strains and that this efficacy is not compromised by concomitant resistance to pyrimethamine, and in addition, identified three derivatives with outstanding activity (wr-226,253; wr-142,490; and wr-184,806). wr-142,490, the sec ... | 1978 | 98104 |
| prophylaxis of malaria in man using the sulfone dfd with pyrimethamine. | | 1973 | 4198482 |
| simian malarias in man: facts, implications, and predictions. | | 1968 | 4869108 |
| reticuloendothelial system phagocytic function in naturally acquired human malaria. | | 1970 | 4906744 |
| antibody responses of patients with natural malaria to human and simian plasmodium antigens measured by the fluorescent antibody test. | | 1968 | 4968381 |
| susceptibility of mosquitoes to human malaria induced in panamanian monkeys. | | 1969 | 4987055 |
| transient an-alpha-lipoproteinaemia in man during infection by plasmodium vivax. | | 1978 | 77973 |
| doxycycline prophylaxis for falciparum malaria. | 188 schoolchildren aged 10-15 living in a malaria endemic area along the thai-burmese border were matched for age, splenomegaly, and weight and were then randomly assigned to receive either doxycycline (adult equivalent of 100 mg daily) or chloroquine (adult equivalent of 300 mg base weekly). all drugs were administered by the investigators and blood smears were done weekly. in 95 subjects taking doxycycline for 597 man-weeks there were 5 cases of falciparum malaria and in the 93 controls taking ... | 1987 | 2883488 |
| deficient spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity and lectin-induced cellular cytotoxicity by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from thai adults naturally infected with malaria. | to assess general cytotoxic effector cell capabilities by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with active malaria infections, we examined antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and lectin-induced cellular cytotoxicity by using human and chicken erythrocyte, chang cell line, and k562 cell line targets. by using human erythrocyte and change cell line targets, we found that thai adults naturally infected with malaria had significantly impaired ... | 1983 | 6339549 |
| circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium vivax: gene cloning and characterization of the immunodominant epitope. | the gene encoding the circumsporozoite (cs) protein of the human malaria parasite plasmodium vivax has been cloned. the deduced sequence of the protein consists of 373 amino acids with a central region of 19 tandem repeats of the nonapeptide asp-arg-ala-asp/ala-gly-gln-pro-ala-gly. a synthetic 18-amino acid peptide containing two tandem repeats binds to a monoclonal antibody directed to the cs protein of plasmodium vivax and inhibits the interaction of this antibody with the native protein in sp ... | 1985 | 2414847 |
| plasmodium vivax: cloning and expression of a major blood-stage surface antigen. | plasmodium vivax is a highly prevalent malaria pathogen of man; the following report is the first to describe the cloning and expression of a major asexual erythrocytic stage antigen of this species. the screening of a genomic dna expression library with a monoclonal antibody directed against a 200-kda surface component (pv200) of the more mature schizonts of p. vivax led to the selection of a recombinant bacterial clone which produced a fusion protein. mouse and rabbit immune sera raised agains ... | 1988 | 3056739 |
| [in vitro cultivation of plasmodium falciparum. applications and limits.- methodology]. | five years after trager and jensen fixed the requirements for a continuous culture of exo-erythrocytic stages in a semisynthetic medium, major advances have been realized. however all practical applications of this method have not yet been investigated. its main interest is to offer the observation of the intraerythrocytic asexual multiplication and the beginning of the sexual cycle in monitored conditions, beyond the organism regulating processes, and with endless possibility to modify these co ... | 1982 | 6755144 |
| human t cell proliferative responses to plasmodium vivax antigens: evidence of immunosuppression following prolonged exposure to endemic malaria. | human t cell proliferative responses, of 33 adult sri lankans convalescing from plasmodium vivax infections, to several p. vivax antigens (i.e. a soluble extract of asexual erythrocytic stage parasites and two cloned antigens that are potential vaccine candidates pv200 and gam-1) were assessed. the peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferative responses to the soluble extract of p. vivax, as assessed by studying both the proportion of responders and the degree of the response, were significant ... | 1990 | 2196178 |
| [the immunoenzymatic assay (elisa) in the serodiagnosis of plasmodium vivax]. | elisa was evaluated for the serodiagnosis of plasmodium vivax using homologous antigen. this was a crude fraction obtained after detergent (np-40) lysis of human parasitized red blood cells. antibodies of the classes igm, igg, iga were determined in a pool of eleven sera from patients with p. vivax malaria. the protein a was introduced as secondary probe to screen p. vivax antibodies in 30 sera of patients harbouring a first episode of p. vivax malaria. there was a correlation of 93% with the pa ... | 1990 | 2135372 |
| widespread reactivity of human sera with a variant repeat of the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium vivax. | a panel of brazilian and indian sera was screened for reactivity with a variant strain of plasmodium vivax recently isolated in thailand. this strain has been shown to have a unique repeat region which differs from the previously described p. vivax cs proteins. a total of 21/343 human sera were found to react with a synthetic peptide representing the variant p. vivax repeat. all of the sera that reacted with the variant repeat peptide, (angagnqpg)4, also reacted with variant p. vivax sporozoites ... | 1990 | 2122747 |
| some components of kinin system in human malaria. | | 1988 | 3072221 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using detergent-soluble plasmodium vivax antigen for seroepidemiological surveys. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect antibodies to plasmodium vivax parasites in human sera was developed using p. vivax-infected erythrocytes from local malarious patients in southern mexico. infected cells were concentrated using a discontinuous percoll gradient and detergent-soluble antigens obtained using triton x100. the use of detergent and the addition of protease inhibitors to the antigen preparation ensured high sensitivity and reproducibility of the assay. no cross re ... | 1991 | 1949138 |
| clustering of malaria infections within an endemic population: risk of malaria associated with the type of housing construction. | the occurrence of malaria infections due to plasmodium vivax and p. falciparum was monitored in a population of 3,023 people living in six contiguous villages in kataragama, an area of endemic malaria in southern sri lanka, over a period of 17 months. the annual incidence of malaria in this population during the study period was 25.8%. malaria attacks were clustered, occurring more frequently than expected in certain individuals and housing groups and less frequently than expected in others. in ... | 1991 | 1867350 |
| cloning of the plasmodium vivax duffy receptor. | plasmodium vivax and plasmodium knowlesi merozoites invade only duffy blood group-positive human erythrocytes. soluble p. vivax and p. knowlesi merozoite proteins of 135 kda bind specifically to duffy blood group determinants. the gene encoding a member of the duffy receptor gene family of p. knowlesi has been cloned. we report here the molecular cloning of the presumptive duffy receptor gene of p. vivax, using the p. knowlesi gene as a probe. there is a single gene in p. vivax which codes for a ... | 1991 | 1849231 |
| modulation of human malaria transmission by anti-gamete transmission blocking immunity. | natural plasmodium vivax malaria infections in man evoke anti-gamete transmission blocking antibodies which influence the infectivity of malaria patients to the vector mosquito. in this study, entomological, immunological and parasitological data obtained through the monitoring of an epidemic of human vivax malaria in sri lanka were used in a mathematical simulation to assess the effect of naturally induced transmission blocking immunity on malaria transmission. a mathematical model to describe ... | 1988 | 3076711 |
| [malaria in the dunkerque hospital center from december 1979 to december 1990]. | seventy-one cases of malaria were diagnosed in the hospital of dunkerque from 1979 to 1990. forty-five patients have been infected in the comores islands. among the 24 other imported cases, 17 (71%) have been contaminated in western or central africa. one case of congenital malaria and one of malaria acquired by blood transfusion are also reported. plasmodium falciparum was detected in 84.5% of the patients. the four human species were found among the comorians. two cases with abnormal forms of ... | 1992 | 1443798 |
| human recognition of t cell epitopes on the plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein. | in order to identify t cell epitopes recognized by human in the plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein, 28 overlapping synthetic peptides spanning the entire circumsporozoite protein were tested for their ability to stimulate proliferation of pbmc from 22 adults living in a malaria-endemic area of the colombian pacific coast and from four individuals who never had a history of malaria infection. in addition, balb/c mice were immunized with pools of peptides, and their lymph node cells were st ... | 1992 | 1376347 |
| degradation of plasmodial antigens by human neutrophil elastase. | human neutrophil elastase (hne) has been well-studied with respect to its role in pathologic states, but less is known about the physiologic functions of this important granulocyte enzyme. in the present study, we show that hne can degrade the major circumsporozoite protein of the infective (sporozoite) stage of plasmodium vivax malaria, and that this enzyme can also interfere with the cytoadherence of human e infected with plasmodium falciparum (strain k+ fmg-fcr3) (ie). cytoadherence reactions ... | 1988 | 3294293 |
| elevated tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 serum levels as markers for complicated plasmodium falciparum malaria. | tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) has been implicated in the pathology of experimental malaria. to establish its relevance to human malaria, we studied serum levels of two monocyte-derived cytokines, tnf-alpha and interleukin-6 (il-6), as well as of the lymphocyte-derived mediator interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) in patients with malaria before and during antiparasitic treatment. | 1989 | 2667356 |
| susceptibility of thai zoophilic anophelines and suspected malaria vectors to local strains of human malaria parasites. | wild caught zoophilic anopheles and suspected malaria vector species collected in northwest thailand were experimentally infected with local human malaria parasites using a membrane feeding. one week post-feeding a number of mosquitos were dissected for oocyst examination. the remainder were kept for another one week or more, and then the salivary glands were examined for the presence of sporozoites. the results revealed that an. vagus, an. kochi and an. annularis were susceptible to both plasmo ... | 1994 | 7667729 |
| [quantitative study on transmission of malaria by anopheles kunmingensis]. | from july to august 1987, a quantitative study on the vector potential of an. kunmingensis (sp. nov.) in comparison with an. sinensis was carried out in nine malaria endemic villages of tengchong county of western yunnan. all the villages contained only three anopheles species: an. kunmingensis, an. sinensis and an. maculatus, among which an. kunmingensis accounted for 77% of 14,871 anopheline mosquitoes collected inside the houses and cowsheds. adult density, man-biting rate, human blood index, ... | 1989 | 2680151 |
| observations on early and late post-sporozoite tissue stages in primate malaria. iv. pre-erythrocytic schizonts and/or hypnozoites of chesson and north korean strains of plasmodium vivax in the chimpanzee. | in a continuing reexamination of plasmodial tissue stages within the context of the hypnozoite theory of malarial relapse, 2 strains of plasmodium vivax with distinct and disparate relapse characteristics in humans were studied in chimpanzees. following intravenous inoculation of massive numbers of salivary gland sporozoites, both the frequently relapsing chesson strain and a north korean strain characterized by predominantly delayed relapses exhibited relapse patterns and antimalarial sensitivi ... | 1986 | 3513645 |
| malaria transmission-blocking immunity induced by natural infections of plasmodium vivax in humans. | immunity to malarial infections in human populations is known to affect the development of the asexual blood stages of the parasites in the human host and to be capable of conferring significant protection against morbidity and mortality due to the disease. in this study we show that during acute infection with plasmodium vivax malaria, one of the two main malarial pathogens of humans, most individuals also develop immunity that suppresses the infectivity of the sexual stages of the parasite to ... | 1987 | 2879793 |
| potential vectors of malaria and their different susceptibility to plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax in northern brazil identified by immunoassay. | during the period from may 1983 to july 1985 we conducted an epidemiological study to determine potential vectors of malaria in 6 districts in the state of pará in northern brazil. the examination of random human blood smears, prepared at the time of mosquito capture, indicated overall human infection rates of 16.7% and 10.9% for plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax, respectively. two immunoassays, the immunoradiometric assay (irma) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), based on the u ... | 1986 | 3532844 |
| human and primate malarial sera inhibit fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis. | sera obtained from humans in p. falciparum-endemic regions and from p. vivax-infected saimiri sciureus were assayed for their ability to inhibit fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis. some sera of humans exposed to p. falciparum from the gambia, sudan, and thailand inhibited ingestion via the fc receptor by normal human monocytes. in addition, sera from infected monkeys and a high molecular weight fraction of infected monkey serum inhibited ingestion of eigg by normal monkey spleen macrophages. gene ... | 1987 | 3548450 |
| [usefulness of the p. berghei antigen compared with those of p. vivax and p. malariae in evaluating the immune response in human malaria]. | | 1985 | 3903951 |
| [distribution and ecology of anopheles lesteri, a human blood-sucking subspecies and its role in malaria transmission]. | | 1985 | 3912062 |
| the interferon compartment of the immune response in human malaria: ii. presence of serum-interferon gamma following the acute attack. | the present study concerns the monitoring of serum-interferon (serum-ifn) levels among 189 patients followed after and sometimes during an acute episode of malaria due mainly to plasmodium falciparum (p. falciparum). of these patients, 110 known to have no other parasitic or infectious disease were followed in france; 79 were from thailand, among which 25 cases of neuromalaria were diagnosed. in a first four-month survey conducted in france, among 100 patients seen after the acute attack, serum- ... | 1985 | 3921628 |
| [in vitro infestation of human hepatocytes by sporozoites of plasmodium vivax: schizogony and liberation of merozoites capable of infesting human erythrocytes]. | human hepatocytes obtained by perfusion of a liver biopsy fragment, were infected in vitro with plasmodium vivax sporozoites raised in anopheles stephensi. on day 7 of culture, numerous hepatocytic schizonts ranging in size from 5 to 35 micrometers were observed. the schizont maturation was complete and led to the release of invasive merozoites as shown by in vitro infestation of human red cells layered on the hepatocytes cultures. | 1983 | 6357031 |
| [infectious diseases associated with parenteral abuse of drugs]. | | 1984 | 6391095 |
| diminished red blood cell deformability in uncomplicated human malaria. a preliminary report. | six patients with active p. falciparum malaria (two resistant to chloroquine therapy), one with treated and apparently cured p. falciparum malaria, one with active p. vivax malaria and two controls from the same geographic area of amazonian brazil were studied. all malaria patients had impaired red cell deformability. this was not correlated with drug resistance or number of parasitized cells. the hypothesis is presented that the presence of parasites in red blood cells and related metabolic eff ... | 1982 | 6763070 |
| [changes of serum lipoproteins during the course of human malaria (author's transl)]. | triacylglycerides (tag), total cholesterol (tc) and serum lipoproteins (slp) were studied during the course of 12 cases of human malaria and one case of simian inui malaria. the erythrocytic schizogony induced quickly an increase of tag, a decrease of tc and modifications of slp such an increase of vldl parallel with a decrease or a disappearance of hdl. these modifications, always clear-cut, were not correlated with the intensity of parasitaemia or the species of plasmodium. they were transient ... | 1980 | 6775271 |
| demonstration of hypnozoites in sporozoite-transmitted plasmodium vivax infection. | hypnozoites of two strains of the human relapsing malaria parasite, plasmodium vivax, have been detected among maturing 7- and 10-day pre-erythrocytic schizonts in liver biopsies of chimpanzees infected by intravenous inoculation of sporozoites obtained from dissected salivary glands of heavily infected anopheline mosquitoes. as in the simian relapsing species, p. cynomolgi, the hypnozoites of p. vivax at 7 and 10 days are uninucleate forms of approximately 4-5 micrometers diameter, lying within ... | 1982 | 6816080 |
| purification of a 28 kd non-aggregating tryptic peptide of the duffy blood group protein. | duffy blood group antigenic epitopes are located on a 35-43 kd integral membrane protein of the erythrocyte membrane. this protein functions as a receptor for the human malaria parasite, plasmodium vivax. the duffy protein has been difficult to purify because of its tendency to form aggregates. here we describe purification of a 28 kd tryptic fragment of the duffy protein and purification of an 18 kd de-glycosylated form of the duffy tryptic peptide using thiopropyl sepharose 6b chromatography a ... | 1993 | 8484749 |
| exflagellation of malarial parasites in human peripheral blood. | exflagellation of microgametocytes in malarial parasites is associated with the life cycle in the mosquito. however, it is not found with the usual developmental phases in humans. this report describes two case reports where exflagellation of microgametocytes was observed in vitro in patients documented to have plasmodium vivax malaria. | 1981 | 7007426 |
| malaria-induced thrombocytopenia. | platelet counts were investigated in 26 patients with p. falciparum malaria and 39 patients with p. vivax malaria before and after treatment. before schizontocidal treatment 22 of 26 (85%) patients with p. falciparum malaria and 30 of 39 (72%) patients with p. vivax malaria had depressed platelet counts below 150,000/microliters blood. there was a correlation between low platelet counts and high counts of malarial plasmodia (parasitized red blood cells) in p. falciparum and p. vivax infections ( ... | 1981 | 7011445 |
| the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in the immunodiagnosis of human malaria. | | 1982 | 7051454 |
| studies on malaria in papua new guinea: comparison of the surface glycoproteins on red blood cells from infected and uninfected individuals. | the levels of erythrocyte membrane sialic acid from 17 patients with plasmodium falciparum malaria and 1 with plasmodium vivax malaria, in papua new guinea, have been compared with 9 uninfected controls. the amounts of radioactivity incorporated into the major erythrocyte glycoproteins by the periodate/nab3h4 or galactose oxidase plus neuraminidase/nab3h4 methods were unchanged by malaria infection. the electrophoretic mobilities of these proteins also were unaffected. several new glycoprotein b ... | 1981 | 7329724 |
| functional and biochemical analysis of the cloned duffy antigen: identity with the red blood cell chemokine receptor. | the duffy blood group antigen has been postulated to be a receptor on red blood cells (rbcs) for the malarial parasite plasmodium vivax and a promiscuous receptor for the chemokine superfamily of inflammatory proteins. recently, the duffy antigen glycoprotein d cdna has been cloned (chaudhuri et al: proc natl acad sci usa 90:10793, 1993). we have analyzed the binding properties of the cloned duffy antigen. duffy-antigen cdnas expressed in human embryonic kidney cells produced cell-surface protei ... | 1994 | 7517217 |
| upregulation of icam-i by plasmodium falciparum: in vitro and in vivo studies. | to monitor the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule i (icam-i) in vitro after stimulation of human macrophages with plasmodium falciparum antigens, as well as the plasma concentrations of soluble icam-i (sicam-i) in vivo in malarial patients. | 1994 | 7522238 |
| short report: rosette formation in plasmodium ovale infection. | red blood cells infected by mature stages of plasmodium ovale obtained from a 56-year-old thai patient formed rosettes readily with uninfected erythrocytes. ex vivo, the ring stage-infected erythrocytes matured well under the in vitro conditions used for p. falciparum culture, and the infected erythrocytes formed rosettes when the parasites became mature trophozoites. these rosettes were stable and remained intact until completion of schizogony. plasmodium ovale rosettes were similar to those fo ... | 1996 | 8940990 |
| immunogenicity of multiple antigen peptides containing plasmodium vivax cs epitopes in balb/c mice. | multiple antigen peptide systems (maps) allow the incorporation of various epitopes in to a single synthetic peptide immunogen. we have characterized the immune response of balb/c mice to a series of maps assembled with different b and t cell epitopes derived from the plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite (cs) protein. a b-cell epitope from the central repeat domain and two t-cell epitopes from the amino and carboxyl flanking regions were used to assembled eight different maps. an additional univers ... | 1994 | 7565136 |
| isolation of multiple sequences from the plasmodium falciparum genome that encode conserved domains homologous to those in erythrocyte-binding proteins. | open reading frames in the plasmodium falciparum genome encode domains homologous to the adhesive domains of the p. falciparum eba-175 erythrocyte-binding protein (eba-175 gene product) and those of the plasmodium vivax and plasmodium knowlesi duffy antigen-binding proteins. these domains are referred to as duffy binding-like (dbl), after the receptor that determines p. vivax invasion of duffy blood group-positive human erythrocytes. using oligonucleotide primers derived from short regions of co ... | 1995 | 7624377 |
| disruption of a gata motif in the duffy gene promoter abolishes erythroid gene expression in duffy-negative individuals. | the mrna for the duffy blood group antigen, the erythrocyte receptor for the plasmodium vivax malaria parasite, has recently been cloned and shown to encode a widely expressed chemokine receptor. here, we show that the duffy antigen/chemokine receptor gene (darc) is composed of a single exon and that most duffy-negative blacks carry a silent fy*b allele with a single t to c substitution at nucleotide -46. this mutation impairs the promoter activity in erythroid cells by disrupting a binding site ... | 1995 | 7663520 |
| mutations in the erythrocyte chemokine receptor (duffy) gene: the molecular basis of the fya/fyb antigens and identification of a deletion in the duffy gene of an apparently healthy individual with the fy(a-b-) phenotype. | the erythrocyte chemokine receptor, a receptor for plasmodium vivax, carries the antigens of the duffy blood group system. sequence analysis of reticulocyte rna from individuals of known duffy phenotype showed that the fya antigen differs from the fyb antigen as a result of a single nucleotide difference (a131 or g) encoding amino acid gly44 (fya) or asp (fyb) in the n-terminal extracellular domain of the glycoprotein. evidence is presented for two different genetic backgrounds giving rise to th ... | 1995 | 7669660 |
| molecular properties of the chemokine receptor family. | chemokine receptors play a major role in the mobilization and activation of the cells of the immune system, and are discussed in this review by richard horuk. six receptors that bind chemokines with high affinity have been cloned and all belong to the superfamily of g protein-coupled receptors. chemokine receptors are mainly expressed in immune cells, which are their major target cells. however, two of the cloned receptors are expressed by viruses and may play a role in protecting the virus from ... | 1994 | 7754534 |
| plasmodium vivax ookinetes in human peripheral blood. | microscopic examination of a peripheral blood smear revealed ookinetes of plasmodium vivax. this unusual finding was probably due to an excessive delay between blood collection and smear preparation. ookinete formation normally occurs in the mosquito gut. when seen in blood smears, it can cause confusion and misidentification of the parasite. | 1994 | 7814503 |
| interactions of human malaria parasites, plasmodium vivax and p.falciparum, with the midgut of anopheles mosquitoes. | present understanding of the development of sexual stages of the human malaria parasites plasmodium vivax and p.falciparum in the anopheles vector is reviewed, with particular reference to the role of the mosquito midgut in establishing an infection. the sexual stages of the parasite, the gametocytes, are formed in human erythrocytes. the changes in temperature and ph encountered by the gametocyte induce gametogenesis in the lumen of the midgut. macromolecules derived from mosquito tissue and se ... | 1997 | 9330262 |
| [occurrence of tertian malaria in a male patient who has never been abroad]. | malaria is estimated to have a worldwide incidence of more than 100 million clinical cases and approximately 1 million deaths per year. korea, although previously known as an endemic area of tertian malaria (plasmodium vivax), has been considered free from malaria as there had been no report on indigenous cases since 1984. recently, however, we experienced an indigenous case of p. vivax infection in a young man who had never been abroad. the patient was a 23-year-old korean soldier with 18-day h ... | 1994 | 7953245 |
| transition of plasmodium vivax ribosome types corresponds to sporozoite differentiation in the mosquito. | two distinct small subunit ribosomal rna (ssurrna) genes were amplified from the genomic dna of plasmodium vivax. comparison of the two coding sequences reveals an overall divergence of 14.5% and most differences are clustered into the regions known to diverge rapidly in all eukaryotic ssurrnas. oligonucleotides complementary to unique sequences of each gene have been used to distinguish the transcripts expressed either at schizogony in human blood (a gene) or at sporogony in the mosquito (c gen ... | 1994 | 7969269 |
| studies on the antimalarial effects of cycloguanil pamoate (ci-501) in man. | | 1965 | 5320454 |
| a comparison of epstein-barr virus-specific t-cell immunity in malaria-endemic and -nonendemic regions of papua new guinea. | epstein-barr virus genome-positive burkitt's lymphoma is endemic in africa and papua new guinea and in both countries the tumour is restricted to regions with holoendemic malaria. the present work has compared groups of healthy indigenous individuals living in malarious and non-malarious regions of papua new guinea for epstein-barr virus-specific t-cell-mediated immunity using the in vitro regression assay. residents of the malarious region (55 tested), when compared with either residents of the ... | 1983 | 6305850 |
| [amplification, cloning and sequence analysis of a ssurrna gene fragment of plasmodium vivax isolates from yunnan province]. | according to known ssurdna sequences of plasmodium vivax, correlated protozoa and human being, sequences of oligonucleotide primers were defined with computer programming. specific ssurdna fragment of p. vivax, about 640 bp in length, was directly amplified by two temperature point polymerase chain reaction from extracted genomic dna of two blood samples of vivax malaria patients from yunnan province. using dideoxynucleotide terminator method, the sequences of amplified dna fragments were determ ... | 1993 | 8174219 |
| global occurrence of plasmodium vivax-like human malaria parasite. | a plasmodium vivax-like human malaria parasite was recently identified from madang, a holoendemic malarious region in papua new guinea. the complete nucleotide sequence of the circumsporozoite (cs) protein gene of this parasite is presented here. the cs protein of this parasite has an 11-mer repeat sequence and is different from the other known cs protein genes of human malaria parasites. however, it is identical to the cs protein gene of a monkey malaria parasite, plasmodium simiovale. this p. ... | 1993 | 8245533 |
| cloning of glycoprotein d cdna, which encodes the major subunit of the duffy blood group system and the receptor for the plasmodium vivax malaria parasite. | cdna clones encoding the major subunit of the duffy blood group were isolated from a human bone marrow cdna library using a pcr-amplified dna fragment encoding an internal peptide sequence of glycoprotein d (gpd) protein. the open reading frame of the 1267-bp cdna clone indicated that gpd protein was composed of 338 amino acids, predicting a m(r) of 35,733, which was the same as a deglycosylated gpd protein. portions of the predicted amino acid sequence, matched with six cnbr/pepsin peptides obt ... | 1993 | 8248172 |
| royal society of tropical medicine and hygiene meeting at manson house, london, 10 december 1992. george carmichael low frcp: twelfth president of the society and underrated pioneer of tropical medicine. | george carmichael low, like so many early pioneers of tropical medicine, had his origin(s) in scotland. following a distinguished undergraduate (and early postgraduate) career, he joined dr patrick manson at the newly established london school of tropical medicine in 1899. his first major contribution to the specialty (in 1900) was to demonstrate filariae in the proboscis sheath of mosquitoes which had been infected with filaria bancrofti in australia, using a technique recently learned in heide ... | 1993 | 8249057 |
| cytokine-mediated inactivation of malarial gametocytes is dependent on the presence of white blood cells and involves reactive nitrogen intermediates. | supernatants of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) incubated for 24 hr in the presence of extracts of freeze-thawed blood stage parasites of plasmodium vivax or p. falciparum mediate inactivation of gametocytes of either species when incubated in vitro with whole human blood cells. cultured p. falciparum gametocytes incubated with these malaria extract-stimulated pbmc supernatants in the presence of human blood from which white blood cells (wbc) had been removed were not inactivated ... | 1993 | 8495973 |
| subcellular distribution of superoxide dismutase and catalase in human malarial parasite plasmodium vivax. | endogenous superoxide dismutase (sod) has not been found to be present in p. vivax, a human malarial parasite and therefore it adopts and concentrates sod from the host cell erythrocytes. it is demonstrated here that this adopted sod from the host gets localized in lysosomes (10 k and 100 k fractions) of the malarial merozoites. p. vivax parasites were also found to contain very low levels of catalase, presumably as a result of contamination or adoption from the host red cell materials. it is th ... | 1993 | 8500842 |
| antibodies to anopheles midgut reduce vector competence for plasmodium vivax malaria. | anopheles tessellatus mosquitoes ingested plasmodium vivax gametocytes in human erythrocytes suspended in rabbit sera with and without anti-mosquito midgut antibodies. when the mosquito bloodmeal contained anti-midgut antibodies, fewer oocysts of p.vivax developed on the mosquito midgut and the proportion of mosquitoes becoming infected was significantly reduced. complement inactivated serum also reduced the infection rate and load. a second bloodmeal containing anti-midgut antibodies, given 48 ... | 1995 | 8541583 |
| phenotype and genotype diversity in the circumsporozoite proteins of plasmodium vivax in thailand. | two phenotypes of the circumsporozoite (cs) protein of the human malaria parasite plasmodium vivax occur in thailand, each of which has a characteristic nonamer repeat: gdra(a/d)gqpa for vk210-type and angag-nqpg for vk247-type. we have sequenced the repetitive domains and flanking regions from 17 specimens collected from a small area, some of which had given ambiguous results in allele-specific hybridization or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa). base substitutions occurred in non-rando ... | 1995 | 8719161 |
| meningitis caused by cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii and var. neoformans in papua new guinea. | eleven cases of cryptococcal meningitis were diagnosed and biotyped from september 1991 to august 1992 in papua new guinea (png). seven isolates were cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii from paediatric and adult patients, one with diabetes mellitus and 4 were c. neoformans var. neoformans from adults, of whom 2 had human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection, and one each had tuberculosis and plasmodium vivax malaria. significant clinical findings were headache, fever, meningism, vomit ... | 1996 | 8730314 |
| experimental and field studies on some biological characteristics of plasmodium vivax isolated from tropical and temperate zones of china. | to clarify some biological behaviors of plasmodium vivax including the periodical infectivity of gametocytes for mosquitoes, the prepatent period, the incubation period, the relapse patterns and their relationship. | 1996 | 8758285 |
| plasmodium vivax malaria acquired in far north queensland. | in february 1996, vivax malaria was diagnosed in a man from a remote community in far north queensland who had not visited a malarious area for the past 19 years. microscopy and dna studies of blood from other residents of the community did not identify a source of infection. it was suspected the infection was transmitted by mosquitoes from a neighbour who had been infected in papua new guinea, but whose blood was not available for dna tests. | 1997 | 9033563 |
| regular production of infective sporozoites of plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax in laboratory-bred anopheles albimanus. | one of the major constraints for studies on the sporogonic cycle of the parasites causing human malaria, and on the protective efficacy of pre-erythrocytic vaccines, is the scarcity of laboratory-reared anopheles mosquitoes as a source of infective sporozoites. the aim of the present study was to reproduce the life-cycles of plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax in the laboratory and so develop the ability to produce infective sporozoites of these two species regularly under laboratory conditions. ... | 1997 | 9093429 |
| regulation and trafficking of three distinct 18 s ribosomal rnas during development of the malaria parasite. | the human malaria parasite plasmodium vivax has been shown to regulate the transcription of two distinct 18 rnas during development. here we show a third and distinctive type of ribosome that is present shortly after zygote formation, a transcriptional pattern of ribosome types that relates closely to the developmental state of the parasite and a phenomenon that separates ribosomal types at a critical phase of maturation. the a-type ribosome is predominantly found in infected erythrocytes of the ... | 1997 | 9191065 |
| expression and serologic activity of a soluble recombinant plasmodium vivax duffy binding protein. | plasmodium vivax duffy binding protein (dbp) is a conserved functionally important protein. p. vivax dbp is an asexual blood-stage malaria vaccine candidate because adhesion of p. vivax dbp to its erythrocyte receptor is essential for the parasite to continue development in human blood. we developed a soluble recombinant protein of p. vivax dbp (rdbp) and examined serologic activity to it in residents of a region of high endemicity. this soluble rdbp product contained the cysteine-rich ligand do ... | 1997 | 9199449 |
| construction and characterization of a plasmodium vivax genomic library in yeast artificial chromosomes. | here we describe the construction of a representative yac library for the human malarial parasite plasmodium vivax. as p. vivax cannot be maintained continuously under laboratory conditions, the p. vivax dna necessary for the library construction was isolated from a single human patient presenting himself with vivax malaria to a local hospital in the brazilian amazon. thus, this yac library is the first of its kind to be generated from patient-derived material. the yac library consists of 560 cl ... | 1997 | 9205119 |
| plasmodium vivax polymorphs and plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite proteins in anopheles (diptera: culicidae) from belize, central america. | eight species of anopheles mosquitoes from indoor/outdoor human landing collections in belize, central america, were examined for human plasmodium circumsporozoite protein (csp) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). a total of 14 of 9,104 females tested were positive from general surveys throughout belize and three of 11,966 were positive from a longitudinal study in caledonia, northern belize. elisa results, using pooled head-thorax preparations and species-specific monoclonal ant ... | 2000 | 11217218 |
| transmission blocking malaria vaccines. | transmission blocking vaccines (tbvs) against malaria are intended to induce immunity against the stages of the parasites which infect mosquitoes so that tbv-immunised individuals cannot transmit malaria. as malarial infections are transmitted mainly within a few hundreds of meters from an infectious human source, tbvs used within in a community would protect the immediate neighbourhood of the vaccinated individuals. tbvs against the two major species of human malaria, plasmodium falciparum and ... | 2001 | 11257353 |
| analysis of the plasmodium vivax dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase gene sequence. | a basis for the intrinsic resistance of some plasmodium vivax isolates to pyrimethamine is suggested following the isolation of the bifunctional gene encoding dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (dhfr-ts) of this human malaria parasite. malaria parasites are dependent on this enzyme for folate biosynthesis. specific inhibition of the dhfr domain of the enzyme by pyrimethamine blocks pyrimidine biosynthesis, leading to an inhibition of dna replication. the gene was isolated by the polyme ... | 1998 | 9573357 |
| sequence variations in the plasmodium vivax dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase gene and their relationship with pyrimethamine resistance. | the gene encoding dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase of the human malaria parasite, plasmodium vivax, was isolated by polymerase chain reaction from genomic dna and cloned. the sequences of the dihydrofolate reductase domain of 30 clinical isolates originating from various geographic areas were compared. interstrain analysis revealed several genotypic variations, including short tandem repeat arrays which produced length polymorphism between different parasite isolates and point mutati ... | 1998 | 9657331 |
| in vitro development of infectious liver stages of p. yoelii and p. berghei malaria in human cell lines. | the preerythrocytic stages of the malaria parasite are the focus of intense efforts to identify new immunological and pharmacological methods for the control of the malaria parasite. the study of the malaria hepatic stages requires an in vitro system to facilitate the analysis of parasite/host cell interactions and the characterization of exoerythrocytic form (eef) antigens. at the present time, only the rodent malaria, plasmodium berghei, and the human malaria, plasmodium vivax, develop into ma ... | 1994 | 7957756 |
| immunogenicity of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein repeat multiple antigen constructs (mac). | in this study we characterized the immunogenic properties of three different multispecies multiple antigen constructs (macs) carrying the circumsporozoite protein (csp) repeats of human malaria parasites, plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax. we synthesized tetrameric macs containing the antigenic repeats from the csp of p. vivax-like parasite in two arms and csp repeat sequences of either p. vivax type-1 (vivax-like/vivax type-1 mac), p. vivax type-2 (vivax-like/vivax type-2 mac), or p. falciparu ... | 1998 | 9682348 |
| [evaluation of the optimal test in the diagnosis of imported malarial outbreak]. | the optimal test is an immuno-chromatographic dipstick test that permits indiscriminate detection of plasmodium falciparum and other species of human malaria. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the test for diagnosis of imported malaria. a total of 244 patients with a presumptive diagnosis of imported malaria in france were included during the study period. the reference test, i.e., combined thick and thin blood films, demonstrated infection by plasmodium falciparum in 58 ... | 2001 | 11582872 |
| variation of the vectorial capacity of some anophelines in western venezuela. | the vectorial capacities of anopheles nuneztovari, an. albitarsis s.l., and an. triannulatus to transmit plasmodium vivax in western venezuela were estimated in different seasons. in general, there was a decrease in the vectorial capacities of the three species during the dry season, which seems to be due mainly to a reduction in the mosquito biting populations. comparing the observations made during the two wet seasons, there was a decrease in the vectorial capacities of the three species due t ... | 1994 | 8166348 |
| the epidemiology of plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein polymorphs in thailand. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) highly specific for the characteristic repeat units of the circumsporozoite proteins of the vk 247 and vk 210 polymorphs of plasmodium vivax were used to test sporozoites produced by feeding mosquitoes on 1,711 human volunteers presenting at four locations in thailand over five years. there was no evidence for the existence of any polymorph other than the two already described. based on the elisas, the overall prevalence of the vk 247 type was 29.5%, i ... | 1994 | 8166353 |
| detection of vivax malaria sporozoites naturally infected in anopheline mosquitoes from endemic areas of northern parts of gyeonggi-do (province) in korea. | we investigated population densities of mosquitoes infected with sporozoites in three highly epidemic areas of josan-ri and jangpa-ri (paju city) and dongjung-ri (yeoncheon county) in korea. anopheline mosquitoes were collected from both indoors and outdoors by human baiting collection method during the period of the first week of june to the second week of september 1999. total 13,296 female mosquitoes were collected and 8,650 (65.1%) were anophelines. thirty seven percent (3,199) of the anophe ... | 2002 | 12073732 |
| monoclonal antibodies to the circumsporozoite protein repeats of a plasmodium vivax-like human malaria parasite and plasmodium simiovale. | we have recently described a plasmodium vivax-like human malaria parasite. the circumsporozoite protein of this parasite is identical to that of a simian malaria parasite, p. simiovale, but different from two known types of p. vivax. here, we describe the production of two monoclonal antibodies, pam 172 and pam 135, specific for the circumsporozoite protein repeat sequence apganqeggaa of the p. vivax-like malaria parasite. these two monoclonal antibodies recognized air-dried sporozoites of p. si ... | 1994 | 8168975 |