| antigenic relationship of the feline infections peritonitis virus to coronaviruses of other species. | utilizing the direct and indirect fluorescent antibody procedure, the antigenic relationship of the feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) to 7 other human and animal coronaviruses was studied. fipv was found to be closely related to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) of swine. transmissible gastroenteritis virus and fipv were in turn antigenically related to human coronavirus 229e (hcv-229e) and canine coronavirus (ccv). an interesting finding in the study was that the 8 coronavirus ... | 1978 | 81044 |
| liver disease in patients undergoing hemodialysis and kidney transplantation. | liver dysfunction was observed in 33% of patients treated by hemodialysis and kidney transplantation. fifty-eight percent of these cases of hepatitis occurred in patients with past or present hbs antigenemia, and 77% of hbsag-positive patients showed evidence of ld. however, during the course of a program conducted from 1969 to 1976 and involving 267 patients, the decrease in the prevalence of hbs antigenemia observed during the last two years did not lead to any reduction in ld incidence. in a ... | 1979 | 115244 |
| [identification of a virus similar to hepatitis b virus in non-a non-b hepatitis]. | hepatitis b virus-like particles (including dane particles) with dna polymerase activity but negative for hbs ag have been identified in non-a, non-b hepatitis sera positive for hc ag. although specifically associated with the particles, hc ag is not a surface antigen of the hepatitis c virus identified here for the first time. the relationship of this agent with hbv seems obvious, and deserves further study. | 1979 | 120782 |
| hepatitis in marmosets. | some species of marmosets are susceptible, not only by parenteral inoculation but also by oral exposure, to human hepatitis a virus present in sera or feces. the stools of animals inoculated parenterally or orally contained fecal antigen during certain times of the incubation period and the early, acute phase of the disease; viruslike particles were present in feces of orally infected animals and such feces were infectious when inoculated into marmosets. the fecal antigen crossreacted both with ... | 1975 | 171953 |
| comparison of the morphology of three coronaviruses. | the morphology of three coronaviruses, avian infectious bronchitis virus strain connecticut (ibv conn), human coronavirus strain 229e (hcv 229e) and mouse hepatitis virus strain 3 (mhv3), were examined by negative staining. significant differences were found in the sizes of the three coronaviruses. furthermore, three types of surface projection of the same lengths, but varying widths and morphology, were observed. both ibv conn and hcv 229e had bulbous projections characteristic of coronaviruses ... | 1979 | 218534 |
| clones of cells from a human embryo lung: their growth and susceptibility to respiratory viruses. | colonies of cells were obtained from human fetal lung tissue and exposed to recently isolated respiratory viruses. there was a considerable variation in the number of rounded cells found in different colonies exposed to rhinovirus types 2 and 9 (rv2 and 9), human coronavirus 229e (hcv), adenovirus type 3 (ad3) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). smaller colonies had more rounded cells than larger colonies. clones were established from 9 out of 11 colonies. they varied in their rate of growth ... | 1979 | 229795 |
| blood transusion: use and abuse of blood components. | transfusion of whole blood and some blood components may result in serious or fatal complications, among which hepatitis is most frequent (20,000 to 30,000 cases and 3,000 deaths a year). although hepatitis b virus (hb ag) sometimes is implicated in posttransfusion hepatitis, non-a non-b. virus(es) (hepatitis "c" virus) probably accounts for most posttransfusion hepatitis. half of all blood transfusions may be unnecessary.responsible transfusion practice requires use of appropriate blood compone ... | 1978 | 664642 |
| [intranuclear virus-like particles in hbsag-and ihxag negative acute hepatitis (hepatitis c?)]. | | 1976 | 995388 |
| sensitivity of an anti-hcv core peptide elisa. | a newly developed antibody assay based on a synthetic peptide of 15 amino acids derived from the core region of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) genome was evaluated in serum and plasma panels of (a) 225 haemophiliacs and (b) 44 patients with chronic non-a, non-b (nanb) hepatitis, and in (c) sequential serum samples of 9 patients with transfusion transmitted hcv infection. the new anti-core peptide elisa was compared with the anti-c100 elisa. for confirmation of hcv infection, samples were tested in ... | 1992 | 1279109 |
| [interferon therapy of chronic hepatitis]. | the current state of interferon (ifn) therapy for chronic hepatitis b and c in japan is reviewed. the administration of ifn results in induction of 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5as). 2-5as produces 2-5a capable of activating a latent rnaase that degrades viral rna. in patient with chronic hepatitis b, prominent reduction of hbv dna, hbe antigen and hbs antigens is observed, when ifn is administered. however, the replication of hbv starts again after stopping of ifn administration, because ... | 1992 | 1279242 |
| [detection of serum antibody against hepatitis c virus in patients with hepatitis and liver diseases]. | antibody against hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) was tested in 658 cases of hepatitis and liver diseases with elisa, ninety of these cases were positive, with a total infection rate of 13.68% (90/658). the positive rate of anti-hcv was highest in patients with chronic severe hepatitis (33.78%) and cah accompanied by cirrhosis of liver(31.58%). the infection rate in other types of hepatic diseases in order of frequency was as follows: fulminant hepatitis (18.18%), cah without cirrhosis (15.13%), sub ... | 1992 | 1282451 |
| hepatitis c virus more resistant to inactivation than human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1992 | 1282759 |
| improved detection of hepatitis c virus rna by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. | the polymerase chain reaction with prior reverse transcription of rna into cdna was applied to hepatitis c virus rna detection in human serum samples of different origin. in order to eliminate false negative results, the following steps were optimized: rna extraction, reverse transcription, and oligonucleotide primer selection. we compared different rna extraction methods using guanidinium salt/detergent and proteinase k digestion/phenol extraction, and tested virus particle enrichment with poly ... | 1992 | 1283341 |
| sero-surveillance of transmissible hepatitis b & c viruses in asymptomatic hiv infection in haemophilics. | in a group of 37 haemophilics, 9 (24.3%) were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), while 9 (24.3%) and 10 (27%) were positive for hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) respectively. haemophilics who were hiv seropositive had higher prevalence of hbv and hcv. seropositivity for hiv was more in patients with severe haemophilia a who required frequent factor viii replacement. the need for long term surveillance of voluntary blood donors for transfusion associated virus ... | 1992 | 1283980 |
| [an etiological study on fulminant viral hepatitis]. | viral markers were studied in 79 cases of viral hepatitis with hepatic failure. the results were shown as follows: 8 cases were positive for anti-hav igm (10.12%); 76 cases positive for hbsag or anti-hbc igm (96.20%) and 41 cases positive for anti-hcv antibodies (51.89%). among those with anti-hcv positive, 35 cases were co-infected with hbv, 5 cases with hav and/or hcv, only one was infected with hcv alone 2 cases were hd-ag positive (2.52%) and one not identified (1.27%). with the reference of ... | 1992 | 1284878 |
| human antibodies to dengue and yellow fever do not react in diagnostic assays for hepatitis c virus. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a recently described causative agent of the great majority of post-transfusion non a-non b hepatitis and is classified within the flaviviridae family. due to a high prevalence of anti-hcv and other flaviviruses circulating in brazil, such as dengue and yellow fever, we investigated the possibility of serological cross-reactivity between these viruses. different panels of human sera positive for dengue type 1 (9 cases) and type 2 (7 cases) from 6 patients naturally infe ... | 1992 | 1285268 |
| solvent/detergent-treated plasma: a virus-inactivated substitute for fresh frozen plasma. | fresh frozen plasma (ffp) is prepared in blood banks world-wide as a by-product of red blood cell concentrate preparation. appropriate clinical use is for coagulation factor disorders where appropriate concentrates are unavailable and when multiple coagulation factor deficits occur such as in surgery. viral safety depends on donor selection and screening; thus, there continues to be a small but defined risk of viral transmission comparable with that exhibited by whole blood. we have prepared a v ... | 1992 | 1310064 |
| seroepidemiology of viral infections among intravenous drug users in northern california. | intravenous drug users are frequently exposed to parenterally transmitted viral infections, and these infections can spread to the general population through sexual activity. we investigated the prevalence of serologic markers for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i/ii (htlv-i/ii), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv) in intravenous drug users and their sexual contacts. of 585 drug users from northern california tested for these ser ... | 1992 | 1310362 |
| seroprevalence of anti-hcv in an urban child population: a pilot survey in a developing area, cameroon. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is the principal agent of non-a, non-b hepatitis and its spread in the community is not well defined. we evaluated the prevalence of anti-hcv (ortho elisa system) in 696 children (4-14 years) in kumba, cameroon. children were selected by systematic random sampling in six primary schools. a seroprevalence of 14.5% (101 children) was found which increased steadily with age. no significant differences were observed with respect to sex or to family size. there was a highly si ... | 1992 | 1311043 |
| detection of hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna in paraffin embedded tissue sections of human liver of non-a, non-b hepatitis patients by in situ hybridization. | localization of hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna was investigated by non-radioactive in situ hybridization in human liver specimens of chronic non-a, non-b (nanb) hepatitis patients who were seropositive for antibodies to hcv (anti-hcv). for in situ hybridization, t-t dimerized synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide probes were used and dnas hybridized in situ were detected immunohistochemically using specific antibodies against t-t dimer. the data demonstrates that hcv-rna was localized in the cytoplasm of ... | 1992 | 1311761 |
| low risk of viral infection after administration of vapor-heated factor viii concentrate. international investigator group. | a multicenter prospective study was carried out to evaluate whether a vapor-heated factor viii concentrate transmitted blood-borne viral infections over a surveillance period of 15 months. thirty-five patients with hemophilia and von willebrand disease who had never received any blood components were treated. twenty-eight were analyzed and found not to have non-a, non-b hepatitis. sera from 20 of these 28 patients were also tested for the antibody to the hepatitis c virus. none had sero-converte ... | 1992 | 1311876 |
| a new type of hepatitis c virus in patients in thailand. | partial nucleotide sequences in the tentative ns5 region of the hepatitis c viral genome obtained from patients with chronic hepatitis in thailand were analyzed by reverse transcription followed by the polymerase chain reaction. of ten samples studied, four showed low homologies to any known type of hcv: the homologies of the nucleotide sequences of these clones with hcv-j, -us, -k2a and -k2b were 66.5-69.1%, 66.5-68.2%, 61.2-64.1% and 64.4-66.2%, respectively, and the homologies of their deduce ... | 1992 | 1311926 |
| development of hepatocellular carcinoma in a man with auto-immune chronic active hepatitis. | a 57 year old man with auto-immune chronic active hepatitis, regularly treated with immunosuppressive therapy, had hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) 10 years after diagnosis of the hepatitis. assays of the hepatitis c virus antibodies against capsid and non-structural proteins revealed seronegativity in serial serum samples of this patient stored in the previous 10 years during follow up. the seronegative hepatitis c antibodies excluded hepatitis c virus as the cause of the hcc. the occurrence of h ... | 1992 | 1311968 |
| demonstration of a hepatitis c virus-specific antigen predicted from the putative core gene in the circulation of infected hosts. | an elisa was used to detect a protein derived from the core gene of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) in human plasma. the solid phase antibody in the assay was a murine monoclonal antibody against a synthetic peptide deduced from the putative core gene of hcv (residues 39 to 74). an enzyme-labelled affinity-purified human antibody directed at another region within the hcv core (residues 5 to 23) was the second antibody tracer. the elisa had a sensitivity capable of detecting a few ng/ml of the hcv co ... | 1992 | 1312124 |
| mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis c virus detected by nested polymerase chain reaction. | serum samples from eight pregnant women and their offspring were studied by nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detection of hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna to evaluate mother-to-child transmission of this virus. the mothers were all infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv); none showed symptoms of hcv infection. anti-hcv antibodies were tested for by recombinant immunoblot assay. hcv viral sequences were found in five of the mothers and four of eight children, three of them at birth. ... | 1992 | 1313070 |
| [acute hepatitis c. a clinical and epidemiological study]. | the discovery of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) and the possibility of determining anti-hcv serum antibodies has permitted greater etiological, clinical and epidemiological knowledge of non a non b hepatitis (nanb). | 1992 | 1313129 |
| prevalence of bloodborne infective agents among people admitted to a canadian hospital. | to determine the prevalence rates of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (anti-hiv) and the hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) among people admitted to an urban canadian hospital. | 1992 | 1313326 |
| hepatitis c infection in a pediatric dialysis population. | a variable prevalence of hepatitis c (hcv) infection has been reported in adult patients on hemodialysis. we have studied hcv infection and associated risk factors in a pediatric dialysis unit. sera from all 27 patients undergoing either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis in our unit were tested for antibody to hcv by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and seropositives were confirmed by recombinant immunoblot assay. records were reviewed for demographic, biochemical, and risk factor data. from ... | 1992 | 1313556 |
| virus safety of human immunoglobulins: efficient inactivation of hepatitis c and other human pathogenic viruses by the manufacturing procedure. | human immunoglobulins are plasma derivatives with a low risk of transmitting viral infections. to the present, no proven case of human immunoglobulins transmitting human immunodeficiency viruses has been reported. however, there have been a few reports on the transmission of hepatitis c virus by these plasma proteins. to improve further the safety of both 5s iv human immunoglobulins and 7s im immunoglobulins, we introduced a 10-hour heat treatment of the aqueous solutions at 60 degrees c (i.e., ... | 1992 | 1314286 |
| evidence for immune selection of hepatitis c virus (hcv) putative envelope glycoprotein variants: potential role in chronic hcv infections. | e2/nonstructural protein 1, the putative envelope glycoprotein (gp72) of hcv, possesses an n-terminal hypervariable (e2 hv) domain from amino acids 384 to 414 of unknown significance. the high degree of amino acid sequence variation in the e2 hv domain appears to be comparable to that observed in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 v3 domain. this observation and the observation that the hcv e2 hv domain lacks conserved secondary structure imply that, like the v3 loop of human immunode ... | 1992 | 1314389 |
| clinical evaluation of oral fluid samples for diagnosis of viral hepatitis. | oral fluid samples were compared with serum samples as a specimen source for hepatitis a, b, and c virus markers. oral fluid was obtained with a treated absorbent pad and tested by using existing commercial enzyme immunoassays with only minor modifications. compared with serum sampling the sensitivity and specificity of oral sampling were 100% (51 of 51 samples) and 98% (46 of 47 samples) for hepatitis a virus immunoglobulin m, 100% (29 of 29 samples) and 100% (29 of 29 samples) for hepatitis b ... | 1992 | 1316364 |
| direct detection of circulating hepatitis c virus rna using probes from the 5' untranslated region. | diagnostic testing for hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection currently is based on the presence of anti-hcv antibodies or a positive hcv rna polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test. although hcv rna pcr is a sensitive and specific technique, widespread application is limited. moreover, hcv rna pcr is subject to false-positive reactions through contamination and is inherently difficult to standardize and quantitate. to overcome limitations of hcv rna pcr, we produced both cdna and riboprobes from a 241 ... | 1992 | 1318328 |
| cloning and sequencing of the structural region and expression of putative core gene of hepatitis c virus from a british case of chronic sporadic hepatitis. | we report the cloning and sequencing of the putative structural region of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) genome (2229 nucleotides) from an isolate derived from a british case of chronic sporadic non-a, non-b hepatitis. the overall sequence shows a higher similarity with one type of hcv, hcv1 (92%), than with hcv2 (80%), is very highly conserved at the 5' end (99%) preceding the long open reading frame, is well conserved also in the putative core region (90 to 97%), but shows marked variation in the ... | 1992 | 1318944 |
| evidence for in vitro replication of hepatitis c virus genome in a human t-cell line. | a human t-cell line, molt-4, either uninfected or infected with murine retroviruses, was tested for its susceptibility to hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection. the cell cultures were inoculated with a serum containing hcv and then examined for the presence of viral sequences by cdna/pcr. in murine retrovirus-infected molt-4 (molt-4 ma) cells, intracellular minus-strand viral rna, a putative replication intermediate, was first detected 3 days after inoculation, and the maximum signal was seen on day ... | 1992 | 1319062 |
| inactivation of viruses related to hepatitis c virus by pasteurization in human plasma derivatives. | | 1992 | 1319182 |
| long-term follow-up of anti-hepatitis c virus antibodies in patients with acute nona nonb hepatitis and different outcome of liver disease. | we screened 74 patients with nona nonb acute hepatitis (37 of post-transfusion pth, and 37 of non-post-transfusion, npth, origin) for the presence of anti-hcv by tests detecting either c100-3 antibodies alone (elisa i) or c100-3 plus c33c plus c22-3 antibodies (elisa ii). samples were taken at the onset of disease and then serially for a period of time ranging from 12 to 60 months. an increased number of anti-hcv positive cases (86% vs 69%) and an earlier seroconversion were observed with the se ... | 1992 | 1320178 |
| relationship between superoxide dismutase (sod) and viral liver diseases. | immunohistochemical evaluation of cu, zn- and mn-superoxide dismutase (sod) activity in various viral liver diseases was performed by the peroxidase-conjugated antibody indirect method. anti-human cu, zn-sod (rabbit) and anti-human mn-sod (guinea-pig) derived and purified from sod of human erythrocytes and placentas were used to determine sod distribution in liver tissues. sod in the liver tissues was detected in 68 inpatients of our unit. they consisted of 23 cases with chronic hepatitis caused ... | 1992 | 1320579 |
| prevalence of hepatitis c antibodies in patients with clotting disorders in victoria. relationship with other blood borne viruses and liver disease. | to elucidate the seroepidemiology of hepatitis c in patients with clotting disorders in comparison with other blood borne infections; to examine the effects of hepatitis c on liver function; and to assess the effectiveness of current screening and inactivation procedures used in preventing the transmission of blood borne viruses by clotting factor preparations. | 1992 | 1321326 |
| [transfusion-associated non-a, non-b, non-c hepatitis caused by flaviviruses]. | hepatitis c virus was shown to be a member of the flavivirus family. tick-borne encephalitis virus and west nile virus, members of the same family occur in hungary, too. serum samples from patients suffering from transfusion associated hepatitis were tested with yellow fever virus antigens for specific igg, and igm using immunofluorescence test. eight hundred serum samples were tested. yellow fever virus related igg antibodies were found in 232 sera. in the case of 72 patients specific igm antib ... | 1992 | 1321397 |
| the prevalence of hepatitis c in a regional level i trauma center population. | several studies have examined the prevalence of hepatitis b (hbv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in a trauma population. to our knowledge, no one has reported on the prevalence of hepatitis c (hcv). we prospectively studied the prevalence of hcv, as well as hbv, hiv, and syphilis in our adult regional level i trauma center population. two hundred eighty-six consecutive trauma patients were tested for previous exposure to hcv using an anti-hcv mab elisa. patients were also tested for expo ... | 1992 | 1321915 |
| prevalence of markers for human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2, human t-lymphotropic virus type i, cytomegalovirus, and hepatitis b and c virus in multiply transfused thalassemia patients. the french study group on thalassaemia. | the prevalence of markers for human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (hiv-1, hiv-2), human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i), hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv), and cytomegalovirus (cmv) was evaluated in a population of 305 multiply transfused thalassemia patients in belgium, france, and italy (sicily). no patients were found positive for hiv-2 antibodies. two french patients were seropositive for hiv-1, having been infected before systematic blood screening. antibodies ... | 1992 | 1323885 |
| prevalence of markers of hepatitis viruses in out-patient alcoholics. | the prevalence of hcv, hbv and hav markers was investigated in unselected patients attending an outpatient alcoholic clinic. anti-hcv were detected in 35 (24%) of 144 patients studied, and at least one marker of hbv infection was present in 72 (50%). these results are significantly higher than in a matched control population. the presence of anti-hcv was related to previous blood transfusions and familial history of alcoholism. we conclude that alcoholics should be considered a high risk group f ... | 1992 | 1324269 |
| molecular genetics of pestiviruses. | recent developments in understanding the molecular genetics of pestiviruses are reviewed. the genomic rna of several pestiviruses has been molecularly cloned and sequenced. the genetic organization of the viral protein coding region has been refined, and the complete complement of virus-encoded proteins has been elucidated. viral gene expression involves both co-translational and post-translational precursor polyprotein processing. biogenesis of the virion structural proteins requires the proteo ... | 1992 | 1325329 |
| geographic risk factors for viral hepatitis and cytomegalovirus infection among united states armed forces blood donors. | in an effort to determine whether residence in a foreign country increases the risk of hepatitis b and c and cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection in united states (us) armed forces blood donors, 5719 volunteer donors at four us navy blood banks were evaluated. most participants were repeat donors (68%) and were young (mean age, 25 years), male (88%), and white (80%), black (10%), or hispanic (7%). birth outside of the united states was reported by 6 percent of subjects, and 34 percent had lived in a ... | 1992 | 1325694 |
| seropositivity to hepatitis c virus in saudi haemodialysis patients. | seropositivity to hepatitis b, c and d viruses was studied in 66 saudi haemodialysis patients from al baha region, south of saudi arabia, and was compared to that in 380 healthy saudis from the same region. the results showed that hcv is endemic in this region (3.6%) and the prevalence of anti-hcv in the haemodialysis patients was 45.5%, which is the highest reported so far in this group of patients. anti-hcv was related to the amount of blood transfused (greater than 5 units) and the duration o ... | 1992 | 1325714 |
| [gene expression of hepatitis viruses in the liver and hepatocarcinogenesis]. | human hepatitis b virus (hbv) carriers run an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), where the expression of hbv genes play the most important role in the initial stage of hepatocarcinogenesis. as the integration of hbv dna into the cellular dna of hcc as well as chronic hepatitis was demonstrated very frequently, the virus-cell fusion gene was considered to be most essential for hepatocarcinogenesis. among the virus-cell fusion genes, the x gene is known to function as a transactivat ... | 1992 | 1327091 |
| new hepatocellular carcinoma cell line suhc-1 established from a patient with hepatitis c virus rna in serum. | a new human hepatocellular carcinoma cell (hcc) line, designated suhc-1, was derived from a japanese patient with hepatocellular carcinoma having antibody to hepatitis c virus (hcv) and hcv-rna in his serum, and established in tissue culture. this cell line exhibited typical epithelial cell morphology in culture as observed by phase-contrast and electron microscopy. the suhc-1 cells produced albumin and alpha 2-macroglobulin. chromosomal analysis showed several rearrangements at short and long a ... | 1992 | 1328123 |
| transmission of hepatitis c virus from mothers with chronic hepatitis c without human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1992 | 1328406 |
| intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoietic tumor in hemoglobin h disease. | we report a chinese patient with hemoglobin h (hb h) disease who developed intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis (emh) 17 years following splenectomy for a blunt abdominal injury. the patient initially presented with extreme hyperbilirubinemia and multiple intrathoracic tumors. hb h disease was diagnosed after investigation, and the marked jaundice, which declined gradually after supportive treatment, was attributed to his chronic hemolysis superimposed on an acute hepatitis c virus infecti ... | 1992 | 1288291 |
| abbott hcv eia 2nd generation: a new screening assay. | an enzyme immunoassay for the detection of antibodies against structural and nonstructural domains of the hepatitis c virus (eia-2) was compared to a first generation test (eia-1) that can only detect antibodies against one nonstructural antigen (c100). eia-2 revealed elevated detection rates as assessed in high risk and patient populations as well as lower repeat reactive rates in volunteer blood donors. research test systems proved an increase in apparent specificity. | 1992 | 1284729 |
| seroepidemiologic investigations of human hepatitis caused by a, b, and a possible third virus. | seroepidemiologic studies were made of normal subjects in populations in the united states and costa rica and in family outbreaks of hepatitis in costa rica. hepatitis a affected a majority of children of very young age in costa rica, while such experience in persons of high socioeconomic status in the united states did not occur before middle life. persons of low socioeconomic status (paid plasma donors) and residents and attendants of institutions for the mentally retarded showed a far greater ... | 1976 | 967881 |
| secondary structure of the 5' nontranslated regions of hepatitis c virus and pestivirus genomic rnas. | the rna genomes of human hepatitis c virus (hcv) and the animal pestiviruses responsible for bovine viral diarrhea (bvdv) and hog cholera (hchv) have relatively lengthy 5' nontranslated regions (5'ntrs) sharing short segments of conserved primary nucleotide sequence. the functions of these 5'ntrs are poorly understood. by comparative sequence analysis and thermodynamic modeling of the 5'ntrs of multiple bvdv and hchv strains, we developed models of the secondary structures of these rnas. these p ... | 1992 | 1329037 |
| painful diffuse osteosclerosis after intravenous drug abuse. | we identify a new syndrome of acquired painful diffuse osteosclerosis associated with past intravenous drug abuse in two adults. | 1992 | 1329508 |
| localization of hepatitis c virus rna in human liver biopsies by in situ hybridization using thymine-thymine dimerized oligo dna probes: improved method. | to establish the most proper method of in situ hybridization in detection of hcv-rna in the liver, various detailed procedures were examined using frozen as well as paraffin-embedded sections of tissue derived from patients. in frozen sections of the liver from hepatitis c patients obtained at autopsy or surgery, hcv-rna was detectable by in situ hybridization using thymine-thymine dimerized oligonucleotide dna probes when the sections were treated with ethanol-acetic acid at first, then 0.2 n h ... | 1992 | 1332425 |
| mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis c virus. | to describe the rate of perinatal transmission of hepatitis c virus (hcv). | 1992 | 1332562 |
| prevalence of antibody to hepatitis c virus in acute non-a, non-b hepatitis in patients from different epidemiological categories. | the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus (hcv) was determined in 65 patients with acute non-a, non-b hepatitis (nanbh). the results suggest that hcv is the most common causative agent in posttransfusion nanbh and in drug-related hepatitis. detection of hcv antibodies does not appear to be a particularly useful diagnostic criterion due to the kinetics of the immune response in the course of the disease. | 1992 | 1333327 |
| strategies for blood screening for the hepatitis c virus and for the human immunodeficiency virus in high risk groups. | for many infectious agents, seroprevalence rate is low but has serious consequences and must therefore be kept out of donated blood supplies. however, screening to ensure the safety of blood supplies has an associated very high cost. for example, in blood banks, detection of all the harmful items in a large number of samples is an expensive and tedious process. the laboratory and statistical approaches to obtain significant savings by the pooling method were discussed from 1943, recently, there ... | 1992 | 1334518 |
| association of hepatitis c virus in human sera with beta-lipoprotein. | hepatitis c virus (hcv)-rna in sera of patients with viral hepatitis c is supposed to be included, at least partially, into hcv particles. we found that the density of hcv-rna-carrying material was variable, as determined by sucrose gradient density centrifugation (1.03-1.20 g/cm3). in some of the sera examined hcv-rna was restricted to low densities between 1.03 and 1.08 g/cm3. in other sera additional densities of hcv-rna were found distributed over the whole gradient with peaks at 1.12 and 1. ... | 1992 | 1335546 |
| antiviral agents. | in recent years, the antiviral armamentarium has expanded considerably. currently available agents are virustatic, inhibiting specific steps in the process of viral replication. no agent is active against nonreplicating or latent viruses. acyclovir is useful in the treatment of genital herpes, herpes simplex encephalitis, mucocutaneous herpetic infection, varicella infection in the immunosuppressed host, and herpes zoster infection in the normal and the immunosuppressed host. it can also be used ... | 1992 | 1347578 |
| recombinant interferon-alpha for chronic hepatitis c in patients positive for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus. comité des anti-viraux. | to assess the response to and tolerance of recombinant interferon-alpha administration in patients with chronic hepatitis c and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, 12 patients with chronic hepatitis c and hiv infection were given interferon-alpha, 1, 3, or 5 million units thrice weekly, for 4 or 6 months. four patients had a complete response (normal serum alanine aminotransferase activity [alt]), 3 had a near-complete response (serum alt less than one-and-one-half times the upper limi ... | 1992 | 1348079 |
| hepatitis b virus and apparent fulminant non-a, non-b hepatitis. | while there is evidence that hepatitis c virus (hcv) does not cause fulminant non-a, non-b hepatitis, the causal agent remains unknown. to evaluate the role of hepatitis b virus (hbv) in this disease, we used a two-step polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to amplify the surface and core regions of hbv dna in serum and liver samples taken prospectively from twenty-six patients (mean age 36 years, range 1 to 64) with acute hepatic failure undergoing liver transplantation. hbv dna was absent from the s ... | 1992 | 1348798 |
| human aminopeptidase n is a receptor for human coronavirus 229e. | human coronaviruses (hcv) in two serogroups represented by hcv-229e and hcv-oc43 are an important cause of upper respiratory tract infections. here we report that human aminopeptidase n, a cell-surface metalloprotease on intestinal, lung and kidney epithelial cells, is a receptor for human coronavirus strain hcv-229e, but not for hcv-oc43. a monoclonal antibody, rbs, blocked hcv-229e virus infection of human lung fibroblasts, immunoprecipitated aminopeptidase n and inhibited its enzymatic activi ... | 1992 | 1350662 |
| loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 16 in hepatocellular carcinoma. | in order to understand the molecular genetics of human hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) a common chromosomal abnormality in hcc was examined using restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis. sixty-eight hcc specimens were examined for loss of heterozygosity at 11 different chromosomal arms including 1p, 5p, 11p, 11q, 13q, 14q, 15q, 16p, 16q, 18q, and 19q. losses were not detected on chromosome 1, 5, 14, 15 or 19, and the frequencies of losses were low (11-19%) for chromosomes 11, 13 ... | 1992 | 1351753 |
| hepatitis c viraemia and liver disease in symptom-free individuals with anti-hcv. | there is controversy about clinical management of patients who persistently have antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) but who have no symptoms and signs of liver disease. we have taken liver biopsy samples from 23 such patients (16 of whom had normal alanine aminotransferase [alt] values) to assess prevalence of liver disease and to see whether anti-hcv and hcv-rna correlated with histological findings. 16 patients had histological evidence of chronic hepatitis, which was not predicted by ... | 1992 | 1355801 |
| liver biochemical tests and dengue fever. | the impact of dengue on liver function was studied by biochemical tests on 125 male and 145 female patients diagnosed with this disease during an outbreak that extended from november 1987 to december 1988. abnormal levels of aspartate aminotransferase (ast), alanine aminotransferase (alt), bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (g-gt) were observed in 93.3%, 82.2%, 7.2%, 16.3% and 83.0% of the patients, respectively. the elevation of transaminases was mild to moderate ... | 1992 | 1355950 |
| hepatitis c virus and porphyria cutanea tarda: evidence of a strong association. | porphyria cutanea tarda in human beings is believed to be due to reduced hepatic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity. however, extrinsic factors such as alcohol abuse and drug intake are required for clinical manifestation of the disease. in addition to typical cutaneous lesions, patients with porphyria cutanea tarda usually have chronic liver disease and moderate iron overload. of 74 italian patients with porphyria cutanea tarda, hepatitis c virus antibodies were detected in 76% by enzyme-l ... | 1992 | 1359994 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of an isolate of hepatitis c virus from southern california, u.s.a. | we obtained a cdna clone representing a partial rna sequence of a human hepatitis c virus (hcv) isolate from southern california. rna was extracted from the liver tissue of a patient with post-transfusion hepatitis, and used for cdna synthesis and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification using oligonucleotide primers specific for the prototype hcv rna. the cdna clone obtained contains 585 base pairs of hcv sequences and represents the region encoding the putative nonstructural protein ns3 o ... | 1992 | 1364214 |
| ultrastructure of normal and hepatitis virus infected human and chimpanzee liver: similarities and differences. | ultrastructure of liver biopsy specimens obtained from normal and hepatitis b (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) infected livers of patients and chimpanzees were compared. nuclear alterations (glycogen particles, nuclear bodies, "vermicellar bodies", etc.), intracytoplasmic crystalloid inclusions were observed before and after the hbv and hcv infections both in human and chimpanzee hepatocytes, however, some of them were more common during the viral infection. extreme endoplasmic reticulum dilata ... | 1992 | 1365764 |
| [hepatitis c viral infection and the consumption of intravenous drugs]. | to know the antibodies seroprevalence against hepatitis c virus (hcv), as well as other factors associated to these antibodies presence in a group of intravenous drug users (ivdu) in baleares. to know what screening test would be the most adequate to detect antibodies against hcv in this group. | 1992 | 1366219 |
| [the spread of human immunodeficiency virus infection (hiv-1/hiv-2) and of hepatitis b and c in non-drug-addicted prostitutes. extremadura]. | the proportion of cases of aids in extremadura, in which sexual transmission has existed, is comparatively lower than the national one. the possibilities of the infection introduction in the general population may increase the relative importance of this way of transmission in the future. penetration of hiv is unknown in prostitutes living and working in the autonomous community of extremadura, as a collective associated to virus sexual transmission and to other socio-cultural risk factors invol ... | 1992 | 1366224 |
| [acute viral hepatitis--present status and perspectives]. | recent advances in epidemiology, virology, of clinical of hepatitis are presented in the paper. the authors pointed out that hepatitis a never becomes chronic. on the other hand, with hepatitis b or b and d, evolution to chronicity is possible. two distinct forms of non-a non-b hepatitis are now distinguished: parenterally transmitted non-a non-b hepatitis, mainly due to hepatitis c virus; enterically transmitted non-a non-b hepatitis mainly due to hepatitis e virus. c virus hepatitis is charact ... | 1991 | 1366329 |
| interaction of immune sera with synthetic peptides corresponding to the structural protein region of hepatitis c virus. | comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence from the structural region of the hutchinson strain of hepatitis c virus (hcv-h) with four other hcv isolates clearly divides the five isolates into two groups based on sequence homology. the first group includes hcv-h, hcv-1, and hc-j1, while the second includes hcv-j1 and hc-j4. among the five isolates the first 190 residues (putative nucleocapsid) are highly conserved whereas residues 196-513 exhibit significant diversity and include a hypervariab ... | 1992 | 1373489 |
| hepatitis b and hepatitis c in emergency department patients. | infections with hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), and the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) are common in inner-city populations, but their frequency and interrelations are not well established. | 1992 | 1373867 |
| immunoreactivity for c-erbb-2 oncopeptide in benign and malignant diseases of the liver. | the immunohistochemical detection of the c-erbb-2 oncopeptide (p185erbb2) has been shown to be a valid marker for over-expression of this oncogene. to evaluate the possible relevance of gene expression to the proliferation of hepatocytes and bile ducts in human disease, the authors applied a monoclonal anti-p185 antibody to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 67 examples of benign proliferative and neoplastic hepatic lesions and fetal liver. focal membrane-based reactivity for the onc ... | 1992 | 1374219 |
| induction of cytotoxic t cells to a cross-reactive epitope in the hepatitis c virus nonstructural rna polymerase-like protein. | cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) have been found to mediate protection in vivo against certain virus infections. ctl also may play an important role in control of infection by hepatitis c virus (hcv), but no ctl epitopes have yet been defined in any hcv protein. the nonstructural protein with homology to rna polymerase should be a relatively conserved target protein for ctl. to investigate the epitope specificity of ctl specific for this protein, we used 28 peptides from this sequence to study muri ... | 1992 | 1376366 |
| [hepatitis serology: use and interpretation]. | presently five viruses causing hepatitis are known, the hepatitis viruses a (hav), b (hbv), c (hcv), d (hdv) and e (hev). the genomic structure is known of most of all these viruses as well as some of their structural and regulatory gene products. using radio- and enzyme immunoassays viral antigens can be detected for hbv and hdv as well as specific antibodies against all the five viruses. the results of these tests are the basis for the diagnosis and the follow-up of these infections but differ ... | 1992 | 1377839 |
| hepatitis c virus antigen in hepatocytes: immunomorphologic detection and identification. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) antigen was detected immunohistochemically using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled immunoglobulin g fractions from chimpanzee and human sera strongly reactive with recombinant hepatitis c virus structural and non-structural proteins. the antigen was localized in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in all 9 chimpanzees with acute hepatitis c, in 5 of 10 chimpanzees with chronic hcv infection, and in 11 of 12 patients with chronic hepatitis c. the specificity of the hepatocellula ... | 1992 | 1378804 |
| immunohistochemical detection of hepatitis c virus-infected hepatocytes in chronic liver disease with monoclonal antibodies to core, envelope and ns3 regions of the hepatitis c virus genome. | the localization of hepatitis c virus-infected hepatocytes in the human liver remains unclear despite the development of a serological assay for the antibody to hepatitis c virus. we studied their localization immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies to core, envelope and ns3 antigens of hepatitis c virus. we examined 48 liver biopsy samples from c100-3 antibody-positive patients with chronic liver disease (chronic persistent hepatitis, 5 cases; chronic active hepatitis, 41 cases; cirrho ... | 1992 | 1379209 |
| immunodominant regions within the hepatitis c virus core and putative matrix proteins. | the complete amino acid sequences of hepatitis c virus (hcv) core (residues 1 to 115) and putative matrix (residues 116 to 190) proteins were synthesized as 18-residue-long peptides with an 8-amino-acid overlap. the peptides were assayed with 50 human serum samples with antibodies to hcv (anti-hcv) and 46 serum samples without anti-hcv, as determined by several commercial assays. immunodominant regions were defined within residues 1 to 18, 11 to 28, 21 to 38, 51 to 68, and 101 to 118. the peptid ... | 1992 | 1380007 |
| spontaneous exacerbation of disease activity in patients with chronic delta hepatitis infection: the role of hepatitis b, c or d? | forty-six patients with chronic hepatitis delta virus infection were followed between 6 and 116 mo (mean = 32.8 mo; median = 24 mo). nineteen patients (41%) demonstrated clinical courses with episodes of biochemical reactivation (alt levels greater than or equal to 10 times baseline values [group a]). twenty-seven patients (59%) had stable clinical courses without biochemical reactivation (group b). patients in group a were younger than those in group b (30.5 vs. 35.3 yr; p = 0.03), were less li ... | 1992 | 1380478 |
| hepatitis c virus in patients with acute and chronic liver disease. | | 1992 | 1380490 |
| interferon-inducible gene expression in chimpanzee liver infected with hepatitis c virus. | the molecular host response to hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection was examined by isolation of hcv-induced genes from a cdna library constructed from chimpanzee liver during the acute phase of hepatitis c. two cdna clones, 130-7 and 130-51, were obtained by differential hybridization with cdna probes prepared from poly(a)+ rnas of infected and uninfected livers. northern blot analysis revealed that the 130-7 and 130-51 cdnas were expressed as 1.5- and 1.0-kb products, respectively, in chimpanzee ... | 1992 | 1381540 |
| seropositivity to hepatitis c virus (hcv) in saudi children with chronic renal failure maintained on haemodialysis. | twenty saudi children (mean age: 7.7 years) with chronic renal failure who had received several blood transfusions were screened for antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv), antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (anti-hiv) and antibodies to the various markers of hepatitis b virus (hbv). prevalence of anti-hcv antibodies was significantly higher in these patients (45%) than in controls (1%) (p less than 0.001). in contrast, the exposure rate to hbv was similar in both groups (15.0% i ... | 1992 | 1381899 |
| seroepidemiologic study of hepatitis c virus in sexually transmitted disease risk groups. | to identify the importance of heterosexual activity as a possible route for the transmission of the hepatitis c virus (hcv), a screening of antibodies against hcv (anti-hcv) was performed in 200 sexually transmitted disease patients with different risks for incurring genital infections as well as in 100 registered prostitutes. out of all 300 persons tested, 14 cases of hcv infection were detected. anti-hcv was present in 3 of the prostitutes and in 11 of the std patients. evaluating known risk f ... | 1992 | 1384151 |
| viral hepatitis in the 1990s, part iii: hepatitis c, hepatitis e, and other viruses. | acute hepatitis can be caused by a number of viruses, especially a, b, c, e, delta, epstein-barr virus, and cytomegalovirus. hepatitis a and b have been discussed previously in this series. the virus responsible for most cases of what commonly has been referred to as non-a non-b hepatitis has been tracked, and antibodies to certain proteins of this virus have been identified. this virus is now referred to as hepatitis c. the possible clinical outcomes after acute hepatitis c virus infection are ... | 1992 | 1385012 |
| immune response to a single peptide containing an immunodominant region of hepatitis c virus core protein: the isotypes and the recognition site. | we have used one single peptide covering the 17 n-terminal amino acids of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) core protein (c) to analyse the human immune response against b-cell epitope(s) within this region. the sequence mstnpkpqrktkrntnr was obtained from two sequenced hcv genomes, and the peptide was synthesized by a newly developed method. the peptide was assayed with 144 human sera which had all been assayed for antibodies to hcv (anti-hcv) using commercial assays. forty-nine sera were found to be ... | 1992 | 1385318 |
| characterization of the liver cytosol antigen type 1 reacting with autoantibodies in chronic active hepatitis. | an autoantibody to liver cytosol was previously described in childhood autoimmune chronic active hepatitis type 2. the antigen, liver cytosol antigen type 1, was for the first time partially purified using gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography, and it was characterized using immunodiffusion, immunoblot and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the immunoprecipitate. immunoblot detected a unique antigenic peptide at 62 kd from human cytosol and at 58 kd fr ... | 1992 | 1398495 |
| sequence analysis of the membrane protein gene of human coronavirus oc43 and evidence for o-glycosylation. | the gene encoding the membrane (m) protein of the oc43 strain of human coronavirus (hcv-oc43) was amplified by a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of viral rna with hcv-oc43- and bovine coronavirus (bcv)-specific primers. the nucleotide sequence of the cloned 1.5 kb fragment revealed an open reading frame (orf) of 690 nucleotides which was identified as the m protein gene from its homology to bcv. this orf encodes a protein of 230 amino acids with an m(r) of 26416. the gene is prec ... | 1992 | 1402806 |
| [incidence of hepatitis b, c and d infection in chronic liver diseases]. | the authors tested hepatitis b (hbsag, anti-hbs, anti-hbc, igm anti-hbc, hbe, anti-hbe), c (anti-hcv) and d (anti-hd, igm anti-hd) virus markers in the sera of 204 patients, who suffered from histologically confirmed chronic liver diseases (age: 18-72, average: 46.8 y) by sorin biomedica ria and abbott elisa kits. on the basis of detailed virus serological tests, they obtained data indicating viral etiology in 62% of the cases. 33.3% of the patients were anti-hcv, 52.5% of the patients were hbv ... | 1992 | 1408083 |
| prevalence of hepatitis b, hepatitis delta, and human immunodeficiency virus infections in omani patients with renal diseases. | patients treated at the royal hospital in oman during january-june 1991 were divided in 3 groups. the 1st group included 103 patients (49 males, 54 females, with a mean of 39 years) who attended the nephrology clinic and none of whom were on dialysis. in the 2nd group there were 102 patients (46 males, 56 females, with a mean age of 42 years) on regular hemodialysis (with a mean duration of 35 months) because of end-stage renal failure. the 3rd group comprised 82 kidney transplant patients ( ... | 1992 | 1412910 |
| in situ characterization of mononuclear cell phenotype in intrahepatic lymphoid follicles in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. | the author examined liver biopsy specimens obtained from 596 patients with chronic viral hepatitis to clarify the role of lymphoid follicle formation in the portal spaces. lymphoid follicles were observed more frequently in chronic hepatitis non-a non-b than in chronic hepatitis b and were also common in patients with anti-hepatitis c virus-positive non-a non-b hepatitis. immunohistology revealed that these hepatic lymphoid follicles resembled the lymphoid follicles of synovial tissue in rheumat ... | 1992 | 1426857 |
| frequency of hepatitis b, c and d and human immunodeficiency virus infections in multi-transfused thalassemics. | of forty multi-transfused thalassemia patients (26 males, 14 females; mean age 8.1 +/- 5.3 years, range 1-35) with no clinical or biochemical evidence of liver disease, hbsag, anti-hepatitis c virus and anti-human immunodeficiency virus antibodies were present in 18 (45%), 7 (17.5%) and 1 (2.5%) cases respectively. three of the 18 (16.7%) hbsag positive patients were anti-delta antibody positive. our results indicate that more than 50% of multi-transfused thalassemia patients show serological ev ... | 1992 | 1428037 |
| genomic variability in the pres1 region and determination of routes of transmission of hepatitis b virus. | on the basis of published sequence data the pres1 attachment region of hepatitis b virus (hbv) appears to be highly variable. using a novel method for rapid dna sequencing by the polymerase chain reaction we screened 34 hbv dna-positive sera for mutations in a variable part of the pres1 region of the hbv genome. the sequence data were used to analyse potential chains of infection, and strongly supported the expected routes of hbv transmission among patient groups. furthermore, sequence compariso ... | 1992 | 1431814 |
| [acute hepatitis from a virus in carriers of hbsag superinfected by the hepatitis c virus and the human immunodeficiency virus]. | | 1992 | 1434980 |
| the role of sexual transmission in the epidemiology of hepatitis c virus in black south africans. | the role of sexual transmission of hepatitis c virus in black south africans was evaluated by a seroprevalence study of sentinel populations at varying risk for sexually transmitted diseases (std). prevalence of anti-hepatitis c virus antibodies was found to be 1.8% in an std clinic sample of 272, 0.7% in a family planning sample of 148, 3.3% in a sample of 246 'blue collar' workers (81% of rural origin), and 0.9 in a sample of 117 new blood donors. all samples were from black adults. the differ ... | 1992 | 1440827 |
| manufacture and in vitro characterization of a solvent/detergent-treated human plasma. | we have developed a modified solvent/detergent (s/d) treatment to inactivate viruses in human plasma using 1% w/w final concentration of tri(n-butyl) phosphate (tnbp) and triton x-100 and an incubation period of 4 h at 30 degrees c. the procedure inactivates > or = 10(6) chimpanzee-infectious doses (cid50) of hbv, > or = 10(5) cid50 of hcv, and > or = 10(6.2) tissue culture infectious doses (tcid50) of hiv. after virus inactivation, eleven plasma batches were lyophilized and 12 batches were deep ... | 1992 | 1448962 |
| hepatitis c viral rna in serum of patients with chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis: detection by the polymerase chain reaction using multiple primer sets. | the recently introduced antibody test for hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection has proven to have certain limitations. since hcv itself is usually present in clinical specimens at very low titers, a useful assay for the virus must have very high sensitivity. we have developed a simple, highly sensitive assay for hcv rna based on the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). in this test, rna extracted from hcv infected serum or plasma is used as the template for double pcr with nested primers. sensitivity s ... | 1992 | 1450686 |
| chronic viral hepatitis in children. | hepatitis b virus is the most common causative agent of chronic viral hepatitis in children. the disease may take an aggressive course, but remains mostly asymptomatic. hdv infection occurs in about 13% of those children who are chronic carriers and are hbsag positive. hcv infection is generally related to parenteral risk and generally remains asymptomatic. in addition to describing the course of the various diseases, treatment and control measures are discussed. | 1992 | 1450698 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus in chinese patients with viral hepatitis and hepatic failure. | anti-hcv assay with ortho kits was done in 100 blood donors and recipients and 374 cases of viral hepatitis, including 65 cases of fulminant, subacute and chronic hepatic failure. none of the 100 blood donors and recipients showed positive anti-hcv response. anti-hcv was positive in 7.6% of the patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, 9.7% of the patients with chronic active hepatitis and 23.1% of the patients with liver cirrhosis. high prevalence of anti-hcv was observed in subacute hepatic ... | 1992 | 1451557 |
| [low risk of acquiring the hepatitis c virus for the health personnel]. | the hepatitis c virus (hcv) is transmitted by the same routes as that of hepatitis b (hbv) and that of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). health care workers have been considered at risk although of different intensity for acquiring the hbv and hiv with the risk of acquiring the hcv being ignored. | 1992 | 1460924 |