| opsonic activity of normal human cerebrospinal fluid for selected bacterial species. | the opsonic activity of normal human cerebrospinal fluid (csf) has not been well defined. in this study, the opsonic activity of normal csf for laboratory and blood culture isolates of staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, escherichia coli, hemophilus influenzae type b, and neisseria meningitidis was measured by a quantitative assay employing radiolabeled bacteria and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. all isolates of s. aureus, except the wood 46 strain, were opsonized in undiluted csf (> ... | 1979 | 43289 |
| bacterial synthesis of substance similar to human chorionic gonadotrophin. | | 1976 | 59931 |
| cryopreservation of human granulocytes. | | 1975 | 48447 |
| secretory immunoglobulin a and g antibodies prevent adhesion of escherichia coli to human urinary tract epithelial cells. | the adhesion of escherichia coli to human urinary tract epithelial cells was inhibited by commercial gamma globulin, the total immunoglobulin fraction of human breast milk and urine, as well as the isolated immunoglobulin g and secretory immunoglobulin a fractions of urine from patients with acute pyelonephritis. urinary anti-o6 antibodies reduced the adhesion of several o6 strains. absorption of antibodies to the lipopolysaccharide of the adhering strain markedly decreased the antiadhesive capa ... | 1978 | 83303 |
| urinary-tract infection: localisation and virulence of escherichia coli. | virulence of 15 strains of escherichia coli from the human upper urinary tract was compared with that of 16 strains from the lower urinary tract, using an ascending infection in the mouse. no significant difference was found. there was no significant difference in frequency of k antigen and ability to ferment dulcitol between 32 lower strains and 31 upper strains. however, 22 strains containing k antigen, regardless of anatomical site of localisation, were more significantly likely to cause infe ... | 1975 | 46051 |
| a human studying the sensing of chemicals by bacteria. | a new frame of reference, which in its fundamental structuring differs radically from the structuring of the familiar western indo-european viewpoints (logical, mathematical, scientific, philosophical, etc.), already exists. recently, by the strategem of systematically disallowing a previously unnoticed untenable assumption encoded in the traditional western symbolic logics, set theories, etc., in particular and in the western 'world-view' in general, this frame of reference has generated its ow ... | 1978 | 97887 |
| effect of a staphylococcin on neisseria gonorrhoeae. | phage group 2 staphylococcal strain ut0002 contains a large 56s virulence plasmid with genes that code for both exfoliative toxin and a specific staphylococcin termed bac r(1). four penicillinase-producing strains and three penicillin-susceptible strains of neisseria gonorrhoeae were killed by bac r(1). after 30 min of growth of the penicillin-resistant tr1 strain in 62.5 arbitrary units of bac r(1) per ml, loss of viability was approximately 90%, and, after 5 h, an approximately 99.99% loss of ... | 1978 | 100049 |
| fimbrial colonization factor cfa/1 protein from human enteropathogenic escherichia coli strains. purification, characterization and n-terminal sequence. | | 1979 | 42558 |
| attachment pili from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli pathogenic for humans. | pili from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli pathogenic for humans have been isolated by adsorption to the surface of erythrocytes followed by thermal elution. the pili are composed of two protein subunits with molecular weights of 13,100 and 12,500 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. these pili also bind to human buccal cells under temperature conditions (37 degrees c) which prevent the binding of these pili to the erythrocytes. analogous temperature effects on binding ha ... | 1979 | 40882 |
| production of heat-stable, methanol-soluble enterotoxin by yersinia enterocolitica. | seven isolates of yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:8, recovered during an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness, were examined for enterotoxin production. all seven strains were enterotoxigenic in the suckling mouse model, and three of five isolates tested produced keratoconjunctivitis in the guinea pig eye model (sereny test). enterotoxin was detected in broth supernatant fluid after 12 h of incubation at 25 degrees c. the toxin was not inactivated by exposure to 121 degrees c for 30 min or by ... | 1979 | 39891 |
| adherence of escherichia coli to human urinary tract epithelial cells. | the adherence of escherichia coli to human uroepithelial cells obtained from midstream urine specimens of healthy women was studied. bacteria labeled with [(3)h]uridine were used, and unattached organisms were separated from the epithelial cells by vacuum filtration with 5-mum-pore-size nucleopore membrane filters. these techniques allowed adherence to be measured in large numbers of epithelial cells and overcame the problem of distinguishing experimental bacteria from the indigenous organisms p ... | 1979 | 38207 |
| the prerequisites for local lysolecithin formation in the human gallbladder. iii. demonstration of two different phospholipase a activities. | the positional specificity of the phospholipase a (ec 3.1.1.4) in human gallbladder epithelium has been studied using 14c-phosphatidylethanolamine radiolabeled either in the 1-acyl or in the 2-acyl position. after heating of homogenized epithelial cells at 70 degrees c for 2 min, their lysophospholipase activity was lost. in contrast, the ability to hydrolyze 14c-phosphatidylethanolamine in biosynthetically radiolabeled escherichia coli was largely retained. the amounts of radioactivity found i ... | 1979 | 35826 |
| some effects of the administration of endotoxin in mice. specific cleavage of serum albumin by an acid protease and the generation of amyloid serum component. | endotoxin has been shown to induce amyloidosis in mice and to result in the appearance in serum of large amounts of amyloidrelated protein (saa). after injection of 300 mug lipopolysaccharide escherichia coli, saa behaves as an acute phase reactant with levels reaching a peak of >600 mug/ml at 18-22 h and returning to base line (<50 mug/ml) by 48 h in each of four strains tested; only the endotoxin-resistant c3h/hej strain showed a smaller response. lesser, though significant, elevations were al ... | 1979 | 34628 |
| nutritional requirements for synthesis of heat-labile enterotoxin by enterotoxigenic strains of escherichia coli. | optimal growth conditions have been established for production of heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) by both porcine and human strains of enterotoxigenic (ent(+)) escherichia coli. there were no unusual growth factor requirements, and some strains produced fairly high levels of lt in a basal salts medium containing 0.5% glucose if the ph was carefully controlled. several amino acids markedly stimulated lt synthesis when added to the basal salts-glucose medium. methionine and lysine were the most stimu ... | 1979 | 33900 |
| stereoelectronic factors in the binding of substrate analogues and inhibitors to purine nucleoside phosphorylase isolated from human erythrocytes. | several aspects of the stereoelectronic requirements of substrates of human erythrocytic purine nucleoside phosphorylase (e.c. 2.4.2.1) were elucidated providing the following information: (a) the n1 position cannot have a nonhydrogen substituent; (b) the 5'-oh group must be present for catalytic activity to be exhibited but is not an essential functional group for inhibitory action to be observed; (c) on the c8 position groups larger than -nh2 or -br cannot be accommodated; (d) the syn-glycosyl ... | 1978 | 31484 |
| 21-dehydroxylation of corticoids by anaerobic bacteria isolated from human fecal flora. | | 1978 | 28451 |
| evidence for quantitative variability of bacterial opsonic requirements. | we studied human serum opsonins by using combinations of heat inactivation and chelation to inhibit complement, adsorption to remove antibody, and trypan blue to inactivate the c3 receptor of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. streptococcus pneumoniae, serotype 25, required both complement and immunoglobulin for opsonization, even though that strain activated the alternative complement pathway. both strains of escherichia coli required antibody and complement, but varied in the degree of depend ... | 1978 | 25243 |
| adhesion of escherichia coli to human uroepithelial cells in vitro. | optimal conditions for in vitro adherence of escherichia coli to uroepithelial cells, previously shown to more efficient for strains causing acute symptomatic than that for strains causing "asymptomatic" urinary tract infections, were investigated. uroepithelial cells from fresh morning urine of healthy individuals and e. coli bacteria from patients with various forms of urinary tract infeciton were used. adhesion was found to vary, between individuals and epithelial cell types, with epithelial ... | 1977 | 22493 |
| determinants of lung bacterial clearance in mice after acute hypoxia. | net lung bacterial clearance in normal mice is determined by the balance of in vivo bacterial multiplication on the one hand, and the defense mechanisms of mucociliary clearance and phagocytosis and killing by the oxygen-dependent alveolar macrophage on the other. the bactericidal function of the macrophage is the major component of the defense mechanism. the effect of acute hypoxia on the defense mechanism was studied in mice exposed to aerosols of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebs ... | 1977 | 21603 |
| formation of mutagenic n-nitroso compounds from the pesticides prometryne, dodine and carbaryl in the presence of nitrite at ph 1. | environmental chemicals including pesticides carrying secondary and tertiary amino groups are suggested to be a health hazard to man since potentially carcinogenic nitroso compounds may be formed in the presence of nitrite at low ph values resembling conditions in the human stomach. nitrosation of the isopropylamino-triazine prometryne, the n-dodecyl guanidine dodine and the n-methylcarbamate carbaryl was investigated in the presence of hcl and acetic acid at ph 1 and excess sodium nitrite for 4 ... | 1976 | 12468 |
| microbicidal mechanisms of human granulocytes: synergistic effects of granulocyte elastase and myeloperoxidase or chymotrypsin-like cationic protein. | the antibacterial activity of a myeloperoxidase (mpo)-glucose oxidase system was found to be greatly increased by granulocyte elastase, present in azurophil granules of human neutrophils. the mpo-h2o3-mediated killing of both escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus was potentiated by granuocyte elastase at an acid ph, whereas at ph 7.4 only killing of e. coli was potentiated. the potentiating effect of elastase was not dependent on the enzymatic properties of the protein since it was not abol ... | 1976 | 12111 |
| human papillomavirus dna: physical map. | human papillomavirus (hpv) dna form i (supercoiled) was prepared from plantar warts. hpv dna was cleaved with restriction enzymes obtained from the following sources: escherichia coli (ecori), hemophilus influenzae strain rd (both unfractionated hind and aeparated hindii and hindiii enzymes) and hemophilus parainfluenzae (hpai). the cleavage products were analyzed by polyacrylamide gradient slab gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy. hpv dna was cleaved into two fragments by ecori (87% and ... | 1975 | 174077 |
| some properties of the alpha-hemolysin produced by a hemolytic strain of e. coli. | it was found that alpha-hemolysin of e. coli p 678 hiy+ was maximally active against human erythrocytes at ph 6.5. the hemolytic activity is characterized in time by a distinct lag-phase and a phase of the greatest velocity of the reaction immediately following it. the duration of the lag-phase and also the rate of hemolysis depends on alpha-hemolysin concentration, whose increase is accompanied by a decrease of the lag-phase and acceleration of hemolysis. there is a definite limit below which t ... | 1975 | 1949 |
| a spin-label study of biological membranes with special emphasis on calcium-induced lateral phase separation. | | 1976 | 176878 |
| microbiol growth in lipid emulsions used in parenteral nutrition. | parenteral nutrition via central venous catheterization is associated with serious risks, especially that of sepsis. lipid emulsion (intralipidsweden), which may be administered peripherally, was evaluated for its potential to support microbial growth. washed cultures of staphylococcus aureus, candida albicans, and three species of gram-negative rods were all capable of multiplying in the emulsion at room temperature. variations in inoculum size did not affect the growth rate. studies comparing ... | 1975 | 982 |
| new surface-associated heat-labile colonization factor antigen (cfa/ii) produced by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli of serogroups o6 and o8. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) belonging to serogroups o6 and o8 do not possess the h-10407-type colonization factor antigen (cfa/i). however, these frequently isolated etec were found to possess a second and distinct heat-labile surface-associated colonization factor antigen, termed cfa/ii. whereas cfa/i mediates mannose-resistant hemagglutination of human group a erythrocytes, cfa/ii does not. cfa/ii mediates mannose-resistant hemagglutination of bovine erythrocytes, and mannose-resis ... | 1978 | 80383 |
| host resistance to lipopolysaccharides in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. | host resistance against bacterial lipopolysaccharides (l.p.s.) and especially against its toxic part lipid a has earlier been demonstrated in biological assays. in this paper an aryl-esterase is shown to be associated with alfa-1-lipoprotein (are) and is probably responsible for the detoxification of l.p.s. in man. furthermore c3 is shown to be activitated by l.p.s. from these facts it is suggested that are performs the initial degradation of l.p.s. followed by complement activation and trapping ... | 1976 | 73807 |
| differential staining of bacteria in clinical specimens using acridine orange buffered at low ph. | optimal conditions for acridine orange staining of air dried and methanol fixed bacteria on glass slides were studied. the ph of the staining buffer did not influence the fluorescence of an s. aureus and an e. coli strain at dye concentrations of 25-50 mg per litre. 81 bacterial strains representing 15 different species were stained with acridine orange under standard conditions, all strains showing orange fluorescence. the ph of the buffer influenced markedly the staining patterns of human cell ... | 1977 | 70957 |
| [protective properties of igm in experiments on animals]. | on a model of intraperitoneal infection of albino mice the authors demonstrated a protective action of the fraction enriched with igm and of gamma-globulin isolated from the normal human blood serum, against e. coli o111. the intensity of the protective action depended on the method, duration of administration of the preparation and also on the infective dose. protective properties of the fraction enriched with igm were more pronounced in comparison with the gamma-globulin preparation. | 1976 | 60856 |
| modulation of regulatory mechanisms operative in the cyclical production of antibody. | modulation of the cyclical response in rabbits to aggregated human gamma globulin (ahuigg) was investigated in order to study some of the parameters involved in self-regulation of the immune response. several mitogens (lipopolysaccharide [lps], phytohemagglutinin [pha], and concanavalin a [con a]), when injected simultaneously with antigen, have been shown to modulate the normal splenic plaque-forming cell (pfc) response in rabbits to a single intravenous injection of ahuigg. this response to ah ... | 1976 | 55457 |
| mucosal adherence of human enteropathogenic escherichia coli. | an in-vitro assay system has been developed to measure bacterial adhesion to the mucosa of human fetal small intestine. two strains of escherichia coli that are proven human enteropathogens (e.p.e.c.) have been shown to adhere in large numbers, compared with control organisms. the attachment mechanism is species specific and is not caused by common fimbriae. mucosal adhesion may be as important as enterotoxin production or invasiveness in determining the virulence of some strains of human e.p.e. ... | 1975 | 53431 |
| relationships among raffinose plasmids determined by the immunochemical cross-reaction of their alpha-galactosidases. | plasmid-encoded alpha-galactosidase served as a marker enzyme for the recognition and comparison of raffinose (raf) plasmids present in strains of escherichia coli. immunochemical relationships were established among raf plasmids of 39 independent isolates from man and domestic animals (from three continents) by using antiserum against alpha-galactosidase. immunodiffusion revealed three serological subclasses of alpha-galactosidase, which are correlated with the biological and geographical origi ... | 1979 | 94343 |
| [urobilinogen excretion in the urine and bacterial overgrowth in the jejunum of patients with jejuno-or ileo-transversostomy in man (author's transl)]. | | 1978 | 101703 |
| [an oral enteritis-vaccine composed of twelve heat inactivated enterobacteriaceae. 1. communication: theoretical and epidemiological considerations (author's transl)]. | the infectious diseases of the human intestinal tract which are caused by bacteria must be distinguished into two groups on account of their different pathogenesis: the cyclic infections (typhoid fever, parathyphoid fever) and the local infections (cholera, dysentery, salmonella enteritis, dyspepsia coli infections). the local infections of the intestine do not cause a systemic but only a local immunity of the intestinal mucosa. it is necessary therefore to induce local immunity as active immuno ... | 1979 | 44783 |
| purification of heat-labile enterotoxin from four escherichia coli strains by affinity immunoadsorbent: evidence for similar subunit structure. | a single-step method for the purification of heat-labile enterotoxin of escherichia coli is described. the method involves an affinity immunoadsorbent made with antiserum to cholera toxin. crude toxin preparations of three human and one porcine enterotoxinogenic strains of e. coli were purified on this immunoadsorbent, and the elution products suggest that the toxin molecule is composed of subunits. one kind of subunit shared by these four strains showed similar mobility of sodium dodecyl sulfat ... | 1978 | 103838 |
| frequency and fate of human renal allografts contaminated prior to transplantation. | bacterial cultures were done from donor ureter and/or graft perfusion fluid on 92 of 112 patients who had renal transplantations during 1977. three samples of perfusion fluid and 14 samples of donor ureter contained bacteria. in nine cases there was a gram-positive organism, and in 10 cases a gram-negative rod was (among) the contaminant(s). there was no difference in the rate of graft survival, patient survival, or in the frequency of major postoperative complications between the two groups. on ... | 1979 | 107605 |
| gentic engineering for practical application. | genetic engineering has ushered in a new era in biology. although many problems are still to be solved, there are examples that point to a possible later application for the benefit of mankind: bacteria can be manipulated to degrade crude-oil spillages, to produce human insulin and to bind nitrogen from the air. if all the bacteria that are indigenous to agricultural soils could be made to bind nitrogen, an increase in soil fertility might well result. | 1979 | 108601 |
| studies of ciliated epithelia of the human genital tract. 3: mucociliary wave activity in organ cultures of human fallopian tubes challenged with neisseria gonorrhoeae and gonococcal endotoxin. | quantative determinations of the mucociliary activity of human fallopian tube epithelium maintained as organ cultures were performed using a light beam reflex method. in non-infected organ cultures the mucociliary wave (mcw) frequency slowly decreased during the first 54 hours of culture maintenance. in organ cultures experimentally infected with fresh isolates of neisseria gonorrhoeae producing t1/t2 colonies the mcw frequency either decreased to subnormal values or completely ceased whereas in ... | 1979 | 114195 |
| the occurrence of candida albicans in lake ontario bathing beaches. | there are inherent weaknesses associated with currently used bacterial fecal pollution indicator systems. fecal pollution indicator data would be more meaningful if supplemented with information relating to the occurrence of pathogens in recreational water. through surveys of four bathing beaches on lake ontario, it was established that the opportunistically pathogenic yeast candida albicans occurs in near shore waters. the beaches surveyed could be differentiated on the basis of bacterial fecal ... | 1979 | 120220 |
| feasibility of enterochelin as an iron-chelating drug: studies with human serum and a mouse model system. | | 1978 | 149036 |
| the response to mitogens and allogeneic cells of human lymphocyte subpopulations separated by their differential binding to monolyaers of bacteria. | | 1978 | 149175 |
| gene transfer to human cells: transducing phage lambda plac gene expression in gmi-gangliosidosis fibroblasts. | genetic information from the bacterium escherichia coli was transferred to human cells by means of the specialized transducing phage lambda plac carrying the bacterial z gene for the enzyme beta-galactosidase (geta-d-galactoside galactohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.23). as recipient cells, cultured skin fibroblasts from a patient with generalized gangliosidosis (gmi-gangliosidosis type i) characterized by a severe deficiency of beta-galactosidase activity were used. the deficient human cells were incubate ... | 1975 | 242006 |
| human growth hormone active site for membrane cooperative enzymes. | | 1978 | 154327 |
| effects of anaerobiosis and inhibitors on o2-production by human granulocytes. | a study was carried out on the effect of a number of inhibitors as well as of anaerobiosis on the production of superoxide (o2 minus) by human granulocytes. several metabolic inhibitors, including bazide, cyanide, antimycin a, and 2,4-dinitrophenol had no effect on o2 minus production. methimazole, which inhibits myeloperoxidase, was also without effect. the sulfhydryl reagents n-ethylmalemide and iodoacetamide greatly inhibited o2 minus production. o2 minus production did not take place under n ... | 1975 | 164965 |
| anatomy of herpes simplex virus dna: strain differences and heterogeneity in the locations of restriction endonuclease cleavage sites. | digestion of herpes simplex virus dna by the hiniii or eco ri restriction endonucleases yielded 11 to 15 fragments with molecular weights between 1 x 10(6) and 28 x10(6). the electrophoretic profiles obtained in 0.3% agarose gels with dna fragments from none different strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 could be readily differentiated from the patterns exhibited by the corresponding fragments from four separate strains of type 2 virus; however, with each serotype, the laboratory strains diffe ... | 1975 | 168574 |
| bile composition and bile cast formation after transplantation of the liver in man. | transplantation of the liver in man is frequently complicated by biliary fistula and obstruction of the biliary tree by casts, which suggests that the composition of the bile may be abnormal. in part of the present study, bile composition was investigated in three recipients during the first few weeks after transplantation, when a t tube was in place. supersaturation of bile with cholesterol was found in two patients immediately after surgery and during episodes of acute rejection, but bile was ... | 1975 | 168674 |
| renal and perirenal gas in a diabetic man. | | 1977 | 319276 |
| sensitive assay for detection of toxin-induced damage to the cytoplasmic membrane of human diploid fibroblasts. | a sensitive assay was developed for detection and quantitation of subtle permeability changes in the cytoplasmic membrane of human diploid fibroblasts. release of the non-metabolizable amino acid [1-14c]alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (aib; molecular weight (103) from the cytoplasm of prelabeled cells was used as an indicator of toxin-induced membrane damage. an optimal procedure for labeling these cells was designed after varying the conditions with regard to ph, temperature, concentration of aib, c ... | 1975 | 169201 |
| survival of human enteric and other sewage microorganisms under simulated deep-sea conditions. | the survival of pure cultures of escherichia coli, streptococcus faecalis, clostridium perfringens, and vibrio parahaemolyticus under simulated deep-sea conditions of low temperature (4 c), seawater, and hydrostatic pressures ranging from 1 to 1,000 atm was determined over a period exceeding 300 h. the viability of e. coli and total aerobic bacteria in seawater-diluted raw sewage subjected to these deep-sea conditions was also measured. there was a greater survival of both e. coli and s. faecali ... | 1975 | 169733 |
| an epidemic of diarrhoea in human neonates involving a reovirus-like agent and 'enteropathogenic' serotypes of escherichia coli. | during december 1974, an epidemic of diarrhoea occurred in the royal children's hospital, melbourne, in a ward caring for neonates with acute or chronic medical and surgical problems. electron microscopy of diarrhoeal faeces revealed a reovirus-like particle ('duovirus' or 'rotavirus') known to cause acute enteritis in older children. this virus is considered to have been primarily involved in the aetiology of the epidemic. in addition, three 'enteropathogenic' serotypes of escherichia coli were ... | 1976 | 175099 |
| interferon-producing capacity of germfree mice. | the general capacity of germfree mouse spleen cells to produce interferon in vitro in response to various stimuli was investigated. the interferon response of germfree mouse spleen cells in vitro, when compared with that of the conventionals, appears to be lower to some inducers. interferon production in vitro stimulated by hemagglutinating virus of japan (hvj) or bhk-hvj cells (bhk cells persistently infected with hvj) was apparently suppressed in germfree mouse spleen cells as compared with th ... | 1976 | 177363 |
| turnover at nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in cultures of human cells. | the rate of turnover of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad) in the human cell line, d98/ah2, has been estimated by measuring the rates of entry into and exit from nad molecules of 14c-adenine. in one set of experiments, cells were labeled by growth in medium containing 14c-adenine for six hours and then shifted to medium without labeled adenine. the loss of 14c-adenine from the adenine nucleotide and pyridine nucleotide pools was measured, and the data were analyzed using an analytical treat ... | 1976 | 178671 |
| analysis of cytomegalovirus genomes with restriction endonucleases hin d iii and ecor-1. | cleavage of genomes of eleven human, one simian, and one simian-related cytomegalovirus (cmv) isolate by the restriction endonucleases hind iii and ecor-1 generated reproducible dna fragments. the size range of cmv dna fragments as estimated by contour length measurements in comparison with simian virus 40 form ii dna and by coelectrophoresis with ecor-1 fragments of herpes simplex virus dna varied between 15 x 10(6) and 0.5 x 10(6) daltons. comparison of the cleavage products of each isolate in ... | 1976 | 178916 |
| transfer of trnas to somatic cells mediated by sendai-virus-induced fusion. | trnas from yeast (trnaphe and 4s rna) and escherichia coli (suiii+ trnaityr) have been transferred to mouse cells by means of a two-step transfer procedure [loyter, zakai, and kulka (1975) j. cell biol. 66, 292-304; schlegel and rechsteiner (1975) cell 5, 371-379]. in the first stage of the transfer trnas were incorporated into rabbit red blood cells (rbcs). thereafter, the loaded erythrocytes were fused with recipient mouse cells by means of sendai virus. at least 0.3-0.4% of the total input of ... | 1976 | 183211 |
| biological values of the infant, juvenile, and adult agouti (dasyprocta sp) with emphasis on microbial flora. | normal values for intestinal flora were determined on four adult, two juvenile, and four infant agoutis (dasyprocta sp) maintained at our institution. serologic, hematologic, biochemical, and histologic observations were also made on these same agoutis, and serologic, microbiologic, and endoparasitic tests were made on serum and fecal samples from agoutis maintained at other institutions. streptococci, lactobacilli and nonenteropathogenic escherichia coli were isolated from cecal contents of all ... | 1976 | 185456 |
| a phospholipid derivative of cytosine arabinoside and its conversion to phosphatidylinositol by animal tissue. | we have synthesized an analog (ara-cdp-dl-dipalmitin) of cytidine diphosphate diglyceride (cdp-diglyceride) in which the antitumor drug, cytosine arabinoside, is substituted for the cytidine moiety. enzymes in rat and human liver convert this analog to phosphatidylinositol, thereby releasing cytosine arabinoside-5'-monophosphate, an obligatory intermediate in the activation of cytosine arabinoside. unlike cytidine diphosphate diglyceride, however, ara-cdp-dl-diapalmitin is not an efficient subst ... | 1977 | 191910 |
| inactivation of classical and alternative pathway-activated bactericidal activity of human serum by sodium polyanetholsulfonate. | sodium polyanetholsulfonate (sps) at a final concentration of at least 250 microng/ml (0.025%) was required for inhibition of the bactericidal activity of 80% (vol/vol) of fresh human serum against "promptly serum-sensitive" strains of serratia marcescens and control strain escherichia coli c, i.e., for inhibition of the classical pathway of complement activation. in contrast, sps at 125 microng/ml (0.0125%) was sufficient for neutralization of the bactericidal activity of 80% (vol/vol) fresh hu ... | 1977 | 192756 |
| cyclic nucleotide changes in human neutrophils induced by chemoattractants and chemotactic modulators. | | 1977 | 196022 |
| lutropin stimulation of rna synthesis in corpus luteum chromatin. | lutropin and human choriogonadotropin stimulated the endogenous chromatin-associated polymerase activity in purified chromatin prepared from nuclei of bovine corpus luteum. chromatin was incubated in two different buffer systems: one that mainly supports the activity of polymerase i, another that supports the activity of polymerase ii and is largely alpha-amanitin sensitive. the hormones lutropin and chorigonadotropin stimulated an increase in the rate of incorporation of [14c]atp or [14c]utp in ... | 1977 | 329886 |
| interaction of polymorphonuclear neutrophils with escherichia coli. effect of enterotoxin on phagocytosis, killing, chemotaxis, and cyclic amp. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli are associated with noninflammatory diarrhea and stimulate adenylate cyclase activity of mammalian cells, thereby increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic amp). increased concentrations of cyclic amp in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn) inhibit phagocytosis, candidacidal activity, granule discharge, and chemotactic responsiveness. we examined the effect of enterotoxin on the interaction of human pmn with e. coli. enterotoxigenic and ... | 1978 | 202610 |
| an intramolecularly quenched fluorescent tripeptide as a fluorogenic substrate of angiotensin-i-converting enzyme and of bacterial dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase. | the n-acyltripeptide 2-aminobenzoylglycyl-p-nitrophenylalanylproline was synthesized and applied as a substrate in the assay of angiotensin-i-converting enzyme from calf lung and human serum, and of the bacterial dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase from escherichia coli. this compound belongs to a new class of substrates for proteolytic enzymes, having the general structure f--x--q in which fluorescence of group f is quenched by intramolecular interaction with the group q. enzymatic cleavage of the pep ... | 1978 | 208842 |
| antibody to cell wall glycolipid of gram-negative bacteria: induction of immunity to bacteremia and endotoxemia. | antiserum to the core glycolipid of gram-negative bacteria was prepared by immunization of rabbits with vaccine composed of killed cells of the uridine diphosphate galactose-deficient mutant (j5) of escherichia coli o:111. antiserum to j5 not only prevented death of animals from endotoxin but also prevented the local and generalized shwartzman reactions. antiserum to endotoxin also prevented renal cortical necrosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation during the evolution of the generalize ... | 1977 | 330776 |
| energy metabolism and na+,k+ redistribution in human erythrocytes treated with lipopolysaccharide endotoxin. | | 1979 | 223170 |
| effects of subinhibitory amounts of ampicillin, amoxycillin and mecillinam on the adhesion of escherichia coli bacteria to human urinary tract epithelial cells: a preliminary study. | attachment to mucous surfaces may be a prerequisite for bacteria colonizing these surfaces or invading underlying tissues. subinhibitory amounts of ampicillin and amoxycillin but not mecillinam decreased the attachment of escherichia coli bacteria to human uro-epithelial cells in vitro. no significant synergistic effect on the attachment by the antibiotics was obtained. the present report indicates a new parameter for the study of antibacterial actions of drugs. | 1979 | 229079 |
| role of bacterial growth rates in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of urinary infections in women. | the mean minimum generation time in shake culture in urine of 6 urinary isolates of escherichia coli (21.7 +/- 0.6 min) was significantly shorter (p = 0.0003) than that of 14 isolates of less common urinary pathogens (46.0 +/- 18.6 min). mixed populations of approximately equal numbers of e. coli cells paired with other urinary, fecal, and urethral organisms were introduced into a laboratory model of the lower human urinary tract. this model used urine as a medium and reproduced some features of ... | 1979 | 230198 |
| studies on human trna. i. the rapid, large scale isolation and partial fractionation of placenta and liver trna. | a procedure for the large scale isolation of mammalian trna has been applied to the isolation of several grams of human liver, human placenta, rabbit liver and rat liver trna. this procedure entails an initial grinding of the tissue in phenol-sodium acetate at acidic ph, followed by deae cellulose chromatography. procedures are also described for analysis of the purified trna on the basis of size, using controlled pore glass bean columns. in addition, the acceptor activity of isolated trnas has ... | 1975 | 236551 |
| metabolism of deoxycorticosterone by human fecal flora. | 21-dehydroxylation, a feature of metabolism of corticoids in humans, was observed in mixed cultures of fecal flora of normal individuals on a western diet. the model substrate, 11-deoxycorticosterone (doc), was metabolized to 3alpha-21-dihydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one (thdoc), 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan20-one (pregnanolone), and to two unidentified structures, metabolites x and y. doc was not metabolized in all media supporting growth of fecal flora. conversion required an initial ph between 6.0 ... | 1975 | 238472 |
| alterations of lymphocytes and of antibody content of human milk after processing. | the effects of pasteurization, lyophilization, and freezing on immunoglobulin and lymphocytes in human milk was studied. we found a significant decrease in total lymphocyte count after all three processing methods. pasteurization and lyophilization caused a significant decrease in immunoglobulin concentration and in specific antibody titer to escherichi coli. freezing specimens up to four weeks resulted in no significant alteration of iga content or in e. coli antibody titer. since a major advan ... | 1977 | 336859 |
| [comparative study of the mutagenic activity of smoking preparations from the all-union research institute of the meat industry and of vakhtol']. | | 1977 | 337672 |
| cross-reactive antigens and immunity to diseases caused by encapsulated bacteria. | antigenic structures may be shared among naturally occurring polymers, including proteins and polysaccharides. proteins are polymers of amino acids. cross-reactions between proteins are due to similarities in their overall shape rather than their individual amino acid components. cross-reactions have been demonstrated among proteins with similar evolutionary development and structure, such as serum albumins or immunoglobulins. polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharides. in contrast to prote ... | 1975 | 239050 |
| l-asparagine requirements of human t-lymphocytes and b-lymphocytes in culture. | the characterization of two human t-lymphocyte lines revealed that they required exogenous l-asparagine for cell growth, whereas all four b-cell lines studied were l-asparagine independent. t-cells were 800-2,000 times more sensitive to escherichia coli l-asparaginase than were b-cells. the cytotoxic effects of a high concentration of l-asparaginase on b-cells were not related to the hydrolysis of l-asparagine but were due to heat-labile and heat-resistant substances in the enzyme. the findings ... | 1977 | 302863 |
| influence of the heat treatment of human milk on some of its protective constituents. | human milk was subjected to heat treatments of graded severity and examined for its content of immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, lysozyme, vitamin b12-and folate-binder proteins, and lactoperoxidase. holder pasteurization (62.5degrees c 30 minutes) reduced the iga titer by 20%, and destroyed the small content of igm and most of the lactoferrin. lysozyme was stable to this treatment, but with an increase in temperature there was progressive destruction, to near 100% at 100degrees c. the same was broa ... | 1977 | 318682 |
| effect of fosfomycin on the fecal microflora of man. | use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is known to cause changes in the intestinal microflora of man. the present study was initiated to determine the effect of oral fosfomycin calcium on several groups of microorganisms indigenous to the gut. data from this double-blind study indicate that 2 g of fosfomycin given daily in four divided doses for 28 days increased the incidence of soft stools. no significant changes in numbers of staphylococci or candida were observed during treatment. although there ... | 1977 | 318971 |
| bacteriostasis of escherichia coli by milk. i. colonization of breast-fed infants by milk resistant organisms. | human milk has a bacteriostatic effect on escherichia coli in vitro. the milks of 40 mothers were tested for this effect against e. coli isolated from their stools, from those of their own babies, and from those of babies not breast-fed. the milks had a direct bacteriostatic effect, not dependent on complement, on some but not all the strains of e. coli. breast-fed babies receiving supplementary bottle feeds were colonized with milk-resistant strains, whereas bottle-fed babies and, surprisingly, ... | 1977 | 319169 |
| [treatment with human colostrum of children with prolonged infectious gastroenteritis]. | the results of treatment with human colostrum in 6 babies with protracted infectious diarrhea from enteropathogenic e. coli and/or salmonella are reported. active diarrhea was present in 5 cases and the 6th was a carrier. remission was obtained in cases with diarrhea and all showed increase in weight. negativeness of stool cultures was achieved in four cases and in the other two, the bacteriologic control was not complete. one patient died from a secondary pulmonary infectious problem. as an ave ... | 1977 | 320985 |
| occurrence of k99 antigen on escherichia coli isolated from pigs and colonization of pig ileum by k99+ enterotoxigenic e. coli from calves and pigs. | several strains of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) isolated from pigs were found to have an antigen (k99) previously reported only on strains of calf and lamb origin and which facilitates intestinal colonization in the latter two species. several human etec were also tested for k99; however, none were positive. each of four k99-positive etec strains of calf origin and one of pig origin produced k99 in pig ileum in vivo, adhered to villous epithelium in pig ileum, colonized pig ileum, and ... | 1977 | 321356 |
| effect of antibiotic supplementation of animal feed on human intestinal flora. | | 1977 | 323753 |
| genes for the hook-basal body proteins of the flagellar apparatus in escherichia coli. | of the more than 30 genes required for flagellar function, 6 are located between pyrc and ptsg on the escherichia coli genetic man. this cluster of genes is called flagellar region i. four-point transductional crosses were used to establish the position and order of the region i flagellar genes with respect to the outside markers ptsg and pyrc. bacteriophage lambda-e. coli hybrids that contained most of the genes necessary for flagellar formation were constructed. the properties of specific hybr ... | 1978 | 350831 |
| on the process of cellular division in escherichia coli: a mutant of e. coli lacking a murein-lipoprotein. | a mutant of e. coli lacking a specific outer membrane lipoprotein was found. both the free and the bound form have been lost in this mutant. no material that cross-reacted with antiserum against lipoprotein was detected by the ouchterlony test. the mutant was defective in producing mrna active for lipoprotein synthesis. the mutation leading to the loss of lipoprotein synthesis, referred to as lpo, seems to have arisen during production of an f'. the map position of lpo was at 36.5 min on the e. ... | 1977 | 323852 |
| escherichia coli and diarrhoea in the rabbit. | an outbreak of severe diarrhoea and death in young rabbits was associated with many nonenterotoxigenic escherichia coli in the caecum. the severe clinical, pathological and bacteriological features of the diesase, acute diarrhoea associated with typhlitis and many e. coli in the caecum, could be reproduced either by the intraintestinal inoculation of many bacteria recovered aerobically or anaerobically from the caecum of these rabbits or by the intestinal inoculation of large numbers of a serogr ... | 1978 | 351924 |
| [bacterial resistance factors as vectors for gene manipulation and gene therapy (author's transl)]. | bacterial resistance factors are extrachromosomal elements, consisting of circular closed, double stranded dna. they may contain genes which make the host bacterium resistant to certain antibiotics. such resistance factors have become important vectors for selective replication of specific segments of all kinds of dna. suitable dna segments are obtained by treating dna with restriction endonucleases of defined cutting properties. they can then be linked to the respective vector. it was thus poss ... | 1975 | 177861 |
| interactions of radio-detoxified escherichia coli endotoxin preparations with the complement system. | escherichia coli o89 lipopolysaccharide (lps) was treated with different doses of gamma irradiation (5, 10, 15, and 20 mrad). various biological activities such as lethal effect, decrease in arterial blood pressure in dogs, and interaction with the complement system were determined for the parent and irradiated preparations. irradiation of lps significantly and in a dose-dependent manner decreased its lethal and blood pressure-depressing effects along with its ability to activate the complement ... | 1977 | 326671 |
| a bactericidal effect for human lactoferrin. | streptococcus mutans and vibrio cholerae, but not escherichia coli, were killed by incubation with purified human apolactoferrin. concentrations of lactoferrin below that necessary for total inhibition resulted in a marked reduction in viable colony-forming units. this bactericidal effect was contingent upon the metal-chelating properties of the lactoferrin molecule. | 1977 | 327545 |
| effect of mega doses of vitamin c on bactericidal ativity of leukocytes. | effect of ingesting mega doses of ascorbic acid was studied on the leukocyte function in five normal human subjects. during the first 15 days the subjects received daily supplements of 200 mg of ascorbic acid, and during the next 2 weeks they were given 2 g of vitamin c per day. supplementation of 200 mg as well as 2 g of ascorbic acid stimulated hexose monophosphate shunt activity of resting leukocytes indicating an increase in resting metabolism. intakes of 200 mg of ascorbic acid per day did ... | 1977 | 327791 |
| [proliferative activity and bacteriostatic capacity of human alveolar macrophages (proceedings)]. | human alveolar macrophages were collected by bronchopulmonary lavage and their proliferation activity and bacteriostatic capacity determined in vitro. compared with blood monocytes the alveolar macrophages show a higher degree of differentiation with a very high bacteriostatic capacity and no proliferation acitivity. there were no major differences between alveolar macrophages from healthy individuals, heavy smokers and patients with bronchogenic cancer. | 1978 | 358389 |
| immunogenic cross-reactivity between human tissues and the enterobacterial common antigen. | sterile tissues of human subjects free from infection and malignancy were assessed for an antigen that cross-reacts with the enterobacterial common antigen (eca). extracts of heated homogenates (he) and ethanol-soluble (es) fractions of liver, kidney, muscle, and heart tissues were examined for their capacities to react with eca antibodies, as measured by hemagglutination procedures, and to elicit eca humoral antibodies in rabbits. both he and es extracts of human liver and kidney tissues specif ... | 1977 | 328395 |
| human mild and colostrum proteins: a review. | | 1977 | 328544 |
| inefficiency of sanitation measures aboard commercial aircraft: environmental pollution and disease. | recent investigations at tokyo international airport have proven that environmental pollution resulting from the inefficient disposal of human excretion aboard aircraft is an important problem from the standpoint of quarantine. it is, therefore, recommended that the worldwide aviation industry take immediate measures to improve conditions and eliminate this problem, which has thus far been ignored by aircraft designers, airport administration, and cab personnel. | 1977 | 329830 |
| effect of alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide on the intracellular cations of human erythrocytes. | the adsorption to human erythrocytes of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide treated by mild alkaline hydrolysis (h-lps) stimulated an increase in the intracellular na+ concentration and a decrease in the intracellular k+ concentration of the erythrocytes. erythrocytes treated by h-lps remained responsive to the membrane adenosine triphosphatase inhibitors ouabain and ethacrynic acid, indicating that hlps did not alter erythrocyte cations be depleting energy intermediates or uncoupling energy met ... | 1977 | 330408 |
| studies on neutralization of human serum bactericidal activity by sodium amylosulfate. | the synthetic anticoagulant sodium amylosulfate (sas) at concentrations of 125 to 2,000 microgram/ml failed to completely neutralize the bactericidal activity of 80 and 50% (by volume) fresh human serum. furthermore, sas failed to inhibit the alternative pathway of complement activation in 80% (by volume) fresh human serum that had been chelated with 0.01 m magnesium ions plus 0.01 m ethyleneglycol-bis(beta-aminoethylether)-n,n-tetraacetic acid. however, sas at 250 to 1,000 microgram/ml effectiv ... | 1977 | 330560 |
| microheterogeneity detected in circular dimer mitochondrial dna. | exhaustive ecori digests of circular dimer mitochondrial dna (mtdna) from mouse cell lines ld and ldtk- yield two major fragments whose average lengths are slightly smaller than the corresponding fragments of circular monomer mtdna from mouse la9 and lmtk- cells. a third fragment approximately 400 nucleotide pairs in length is frequently produced in less than molar yield. exhaustive ecori digests of circular dimer mtdna from human acute myelogenous leukemic leucocytes yield three major fragments ... | 1977 | 331255 |
| production of colicin v in vitro and in vivo and observations on its effects in experimental animals. | in recent years, a possible relationship between pathogenicity and colicinogeny in some escherichia coli strains responsible for gastrointestinal infection and bacteremia in man and animals has been inferred. using enterotoxigen-negative, colicin v-producing e. coli strains, we have (i) elaborated a simple in vitro method for producing greater yields of colicin v free of bacterial cells and large, non-dialyzable molecules; (ii) detected the presence of the bacteriocin in peritoneal fluids of mor ... | 1977 | 332624 |
| effect of tetracycline upon transfer of an r plasmid from calves to human beings. | fecal specimens from human subjects in daily contact with calves shedding escherichia coli containing an r plasmid were analyzed for the presence of e coli and the plasmid. a low level of crossover was found to occur unrelated to whether or not the calves were receiving tetracycline. | 1977 | 333999 |
| human milk and gut infection in the newborn. | | 1977 | 336123 |
| hemagglutination of human group a erythrocytes by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli isolated from adults with diarrhea: correlation with colonization factor. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) of several different serotypes isolated from adults with diarrhea and known to possess the colonization factor antigen (cfa) were found to cause mannose-resistant hemagglutination (ha) of human group a erythrocytes. cfa-negative e. coli isolated during the same study did not possess the mannose-resistant hemagglutinin, although some non-etec, cfa-negative isolates did exhibit mannose-sensitive ha activity. the mannoseresistant hemagglutinin of etec was fou ... | 1977 | 336541 |
| obtaining hyperimmune anti-coli (anti-escherichia) human plasma. | anticoli (anti-escherichia) plasma has been obtained from donors immunized with viable escherichia oral vaccines, prepared from str-d mutants of e. coli. anticoli plasma has an therapeutic effect against diseases of escherichia etiology. | 1977 | 338047 |
| [bacteriological studies of the human amniotic fluid in repeated amniocenteses]. | the amniocentesis to gain increasing importance ought to be examined whether an alteration of the bacterial flora of the amniotic fluid was caused by repeated amniocentesis. 128 samples of amniotic fluid selected by abdominal amniocentesis were placed in microbiological cultures. bacteria was isolated in 30 cases, originated predominantly by pollution. under the circumstance of strong sterile conditions the amniocentesis proven even when repeated a diagnostical way of procedure which does not re ... | 1977 | 339605 |
| biliary sludging following liver transplantation in man. | following orthotopic liver transplantation in man biliary, obstruction has been produced by masses of inspissated bile--biliary "sludge." bile studies in two groups of patients following transplantation show that bile is lithogenic in the early postoperative period but that reestablishment of the entero-hepatic circulation of bile salts corrects this. such changes, however, do not appear to be important in sludge formation and biochemical and histological studies of bile sludge show a major cons ... | 1978 | 341427 |
| surveillance of r-plasmids. | the surveillance of r-plasmids consists of: (1.) ecological and epidemiological investigations. (1.1.) prevalence of r-plasmids in pathogenic and apathogenic bacteria occurring in the biotic environment (man, animal); in the abiotic environment (sewage, food, feed); under high selection pressure (hospital, animal production, plant production). (2.) biological investigations. (2.1.) genetic properties of r-plasmids: (2.2.) plasmid induced variations of the properties of the host bacteria (virulen ... | 1977 | 341659 |
| [evaluation of bacteriological examinations of bathing-water from lakes in carinthia (author's transl)]. | the evaluation of the bacteriological examinations relates on 2330 water-samples, which were taken from 76 bathing-places of 23 carinthian lakes in the course of 11 years. the examinations were performed for the purpose of hygienic control. after a short supervision on the methods of examination and of sampling the base of judgement is discussed. a relation to the limnological classification of the lakes could be made from the hygienic point of view. in bathing lakes in the alpine region the exp ... | 1978 | 367009 |