| letter: elaphostrongylus cervi in red deer. | | 1976 | 1063944 |
| aspects of the life cycle and pathogenesis of elaphostrongylus cervi in red deer (cervus elaphus). | aspects of the migratory life cycle and pathogenesis of elaphostrongylus cervi were studied in red deer (cervus elaphus) using 2 farmed calves experimentally infected with 450 third-stage larvae killed 40 and 45 days postinfection and using 3 wild calves and 3 wild yearlings with natural infections killed during autumn hunting. a full necropsy was carried out on the experimental calves, but only the head, eviscerated carcass, and lungs were examined from the naturally infected animals. histologi ... | 2000 | 11128481 |
| efficacy of in-feed-administered ivermectin on elaphostrongylus cervi first-stage excretion in red deer (cervus elaphus). | | 2006 | 16331471 |
| [attempt of deworming of red and fallow deer in deer farm with rintal premix]. | rintal 2.4% premix (bayer) in single dose 7.5 mg of active substance on kg body weight was given to the calves of red and fallow deer. effectiveness of deworming against nematodes from family trichostrongylidae was 85.2% in red and 97.8% in fallow deer. against namatodes from genus trichocephalus the effectiveness was higher extending in red deer 98.1%, and in fallow deer 99.5%. anthelmintic was not effective against nematodes varestrongylus sagittatus and elaphostrongylus cervi. | 1999 | 16888990 |
| epidemiology and risk factors analysis of elaphostrongylosis in red deer (cervus elaphus) from spain. | we studied the distribution and faecal shedding pattern of the first-stage larvae (l1) of elaphostrongylus cervi (nematoda: protostrongylidae) in the red deer (cervus elaphus) across spain, where excretion was widespread. we evaluated the effects of individual, population and environmental factors on e. cervi l1 counts in 18 free-ranging red deer populations in south central spain. in this area, prevalence was 71.42+/-2.14% (n = 448) and mean intensity (n = 320) was 74.50+/-10.35. aggregation of ... | 2006 | 16265599 |
| survey of internal parasitism and anthelmintic use in farmed deer. | faecal samples and questionnaires from 115 and 130 farms respectively were used to survey the internal parasite status of the national deer herd and examine current drenching practices. the survey included farms with red deer and wapiti-red deer crosses (cervus elaphus), and fallow deer (dama dama). gastrointestinal nematode eggs were recorded from 84% of all farms, dictyocaulus viviparus larvae from 85% of all farms, and elaphostrongylus cervi larvae from 35% of the farms with c. elaphus. faeca ... | 1983 | 16030938 |
| seasonal dynamics of the fecal excretion of elaphostrongylus cervi (nematoda, metastrongyloidea) first-stage larvae in iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus) from southern spain. | elaphostrongylus cervi (nematoda, metastrongyloidea) is an extrapulmonary lungworm of red deer (cervus elaphus) whose first-stage larvae (l1) require terrestrial gastropods as intermediate hosts. the seasonal pattern of fecal excretion of e. cervi l1 in iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus) was monitored during three annual periods (june 2000-may 2003) on a hunting estate from south-central spain. the lowest rates of mean intensity of fecal l1 were found in summer, whereas no seasonal var ... | 2005 | 15565462 |
| epidemiology of cerebrospinal elaphostrongylus cervi infection in red deer in central spain. | elaphostrongylus cervi produces a subclinical cerebrospinal disease in many wild and domestic ruminants from europe, north america and new zealand and has recently been described in spain. to determine some aspects of its epidemiology, 121 red deer (cervus elaphus) from central spain were sampled during 2000. the prevalence (7%) and mean worm burden (3.8 worms per brain) were similar to the values previously recorded in other european areas. the infection was only detected in young deer during t ... | 2004 | 15469631 |
| identification of antigens with potential for immunodiagnosis of parelaphostrongylus tenuis and elaphostrongylus cervi infections in red deer (cervus elaphus elaphus). | red deer (cervus elaphus elaphus) were infected experimentally with parelaphostrongylus tenuis in new brunswick, canada, and with elaphostrongylus cervi in new zealand. excretory-secretory (e-s) antigens from adult p. tenuis were evaluated for their serodiagnostic potential in identifying p. tenuis and heterologous e. cervi infections in a western blot. the antigen recognition profile of sera from animals infected with p. tenuis varied between individuals and with duration of infections, whereas ... | 2002 | 12099432 |
| assessment of domestic goats as a patent host of elaphostrongylus cervi. | a study was undertaken to determine whether domestic goats can serve as patent hosts of elaphostrongylus cervi under natural or experimental conditions. three-hundred and two fecal samples from 124 domestic goats raised outdoors in new zealand, where e. cervi is enzootic, were tested for nematode larvae by the baermann method. all samples were negative for e. cervi dorsal-spined larvae. twenty juvenile male nubian and saanen goats obtained locally were assigned randomly to 5 dosage groups and we ... | 2002 | 12053987 |
| first report of elaphostrongylus cervi in spanish red deer cervus elaphus hispanicus. | elaphostrongylus cervi cameron, 1931 was identified in six cervus elaphus hispanicus sampled in cuenca, central spain. a total of 23 adult worms were found in the central nervous system with a mean of 3.8. although e. cervi is reported to be widespread in cervids, this is the first time it has been recorded in spanish red deer. | 2002 | 12018203 |
| high prevalence of large spiny-tailed protostrongylid larvae in iberian red deer. | the prevalence and abundance of protostrongylid larvae (nematoda: protostrongylidae) in 173 fecal samples of iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus erxleben, 1777) are presented. large (401(365-425)+/-24 micom) spiny-tailed larvae, comparable to the descriptions of first stage elaphostrongylus cervi larvae were found in 66.47+/-0.7% of the samples (range 6.8-100%, depending on the locality). the overall abundance of larvae in faces was overdispersed with an average of 24.94+/-96.23 (range 0 ... | 2001 | 11230923 |
| purification of first-stage larvae of elaphostrongylus cervi (nematoda: protostrongylidae) from feces. | parasites are often found in a milieu that requires extensive preparation and labor-intensive cleaning before they are suitable for use in analytical procedures. application of modern techniques in immunology and molecular biology demands pure yields of parasites. to purify first-stage (l1) larvae of elaphostrongylus cervi, fecal suspensions from an infected red deer were processed by the baermann method and embedded in a gel matrix with the objective of selectively trapping fecal debris. about ... | 2000 | 11191912 |
| experimental elaphostrongylus cervi infection in sheep and goats. | the pathogenesis and migratory life cycle of elaphostrongylus cervi were studied in four sheep and six goats killed and examined 6 days to 5 months after inoculation with infective third-stage larvae (l3). detailed histological studies demonstrated that the l3 followed a porto-hepatic, and probably also a secondary lymphatic, migratory route from the abomasum and small intestine to the lungs, with subsequent spread via the general circulation to the central nervous system (cns) and other tissues ... | 2000 | 11041994 |
| tissue migration of elaphostrongylus spp. in guinea pigs (cavia porcellus). | third-stage larvae of elaphostrongylus cervi, originating from red deer (cervus elaphus), first reached the central nervous system (cns) of guinea pigs (cavia porcellus) 11 days postinfection (dpi). neurologic signs were seen between 11 and 62 dpi in 4 of a total of 18 infected guinea pigs killed up to 112 dpi. animals showing signs had 3 or more larvae in the cns. only 1, of a total of 1,114 larvae recovered, had developed to the fourth stage at 40 dpi. a direct tissue migration by third-stage ... | 1998 | 9794639 |
| [the occurrence of lumbar paralysis in goats and the appearance of elaphostrongylus cervi in red deer in the canton ticino]. | the aim of the study was to examine the incidence of lumbar paralysis in goats and the possible role of elaphostrongylus cervi as an agent. for this reason questionnaires concerning the clinical pictures and the incidence of lumbar paralysis were sent to 200 owners of goats and to 9 veterinarians. the study showed that the symptoms of lumbar paralysis had been observed for many years mainly during the winter. most of the animals suffering from lumbar paralysis originated from the valley of leven ... | 1998 | 9492579 |
| [long term survival of first stage larvae of elaphostrongylus cervi (nematoda, metastrongyloidea) in a frozen state]. | faeces of red deer from białowieza forest containing first stage larvae of elaphostrongylus cervi have been stored during five years in -20 degrees c. after this time 52% of the larvae survived. these larvae were fully alive and in experimentally infected snails helix pomatia developed to the infectious stage. | 1993 | 8237006 |
| diagnosis of elaphostrongylus cervi infection in new zealand red deer (cervus elaphus) quarantined in canada, and experimental determination of a new extended prepatent period. | a modified baermann assay was used to recover dorsal-spined, first stage larvae of elaphostrongylus cervi from feces and lungs of red deer (cervus elaphus elaphus) from three of four herds imported from new zealand into canadian quarantine facilities. tests done on a series of fecal collections showed that larval output from infected red deer was low and sporadic, casting doubt on the efficacy of the baermann assay to detect all infected individuals in the herds. the animals had passed repeated ... | 1994 | 8076289 |
| susceptibility of mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and two species of north american molluscs to elaphostrongylus cervi (nematoda: metastrongyloidea). | an experimental study was done to determine whether elaphostrongylus cervi can be transmitted to common intermediate and definitive hosts indigenous to north america. first-stage larvae of e. cervi obtained from red deer (cervus elaphus elaphus) in new zealand developed to the infective third stage in snails (triodopis multilineata) and slugs (deroceros reticulatum). two mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) were inoculated orally with 102 or 406 third-stage larvae. one animal developed a patent infec ... | 1995 | 7623202 |
| histopathological findings in the lungs of scottish red and roe deer. | histopathology on portions of lung collected from 34 red deer (cervus elaphus) and 15 roe deer (capreolus capreolus) between 1977 and 1981 revealed evidence of lungworm infestation in 16 red and 14 roe deer. in the red deer, dictyocaulus species, and the developmental stages of another parasite, believed to be elaphostrongylus cervi, were involved. dictyocaulus also affected the roe deer, but in them the major lesions were associated with protostrongylids. exudative bronchopneumonia, including t ... | 1983 | 6220510 |
| [seasonal rhythm of the discharge of dictyocaulus viviparus, varestrongylus sagittatus and elaphostrongylus cervi larvae from the red deer (cervus elaphus)]. | the discharging of the first larvae of distyocaulus viviparus, varestrongylus sagittatus and elaphostrongylus cervi is regulated by a seasonal rhythm. this rhythm was studied in a deer population of 150 +/- 10 animals over a period of 4 years. the maximum discharges of d. viviparus are in may and june and those of the 2 other species are in the time from february to april. very good results of treatment were achieved with 3 x 7.5 mg and 5 x 3 mg fenbendazole/kg live weight against d. viviparus a ... | 1982 | 6211112 |
| elaphostrongylus cervi cervi in the central nervous system of red deer (cervus elaphus) in scotland. | | 1985 | 4013046 |
| larvae of elaphostrongylus cervi in the deer of scotland. | protostrongylid larvae were recovered from the faeces or lungs of red deer (cervus elaphus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and reindeer (rangifer tarandus) in scotland during 1981. typical protostrongylid first-stage larvae were also recovered from possible intermediate hosts, the grey field slug (agriolimax reticulata) and the white-soled slug (arion fasciatus). all these protostrongylid larvae were microscopically identical to those of the nematode elaphostrongylus cervi. despite careful sear ... | 1985 | 3992820 |
| elaphostrongylus cervi in danish wild red deer (cervus elaphus). | | 1989 | 2922906 |
| [pathologic changes in the lungs of deer spontaneously infected with nematodes from the protostrongylidae family]. | lungs of 30 animals of the red deer (cervus elaphus hippelaphus) attacked by parasitic helminths were submitted to a histological examination, and the changes which were caused by the nematodes of protostrongylidae family were estimated. the lungworm varestrongylus sagittatus (mueller, 1891) creates hatching tubercles of a dark-red or yellow-green and even ochre colour. the lobular catarrhal bronchopneumonia is a histological correlate. in hatching tubercles there are located adult nematodes, ov ... | 1991 | 1771735 |
| elaphostrongylus cervi in cervids in new zealand. 1. the gross and histological lesions in red deer (cervus elaphus). | | 1976 | 1071464 |
| sex, age, spleen size, and kidney fat of red deer relative to infection intensities of the lungworm elaphostrongylus cervi. | we analyzed the relationships among spleen size, body condition (measured as kidney fat), and larval counts of the nematode elaphostrongylus cervi in red deer (cervus elaphus). the aim was to investigate the interaction between host body condition and intensity of infection with parasites. as red deer are highly polygynous, we also tested whether these relationships varied with sex and age of the hosts. kidney fat and spleen size were positively correlated in subadults (2-3 years old) and adults ... | 2007 | 17340117 |
| larvae of elaphostrongylus cervi in a population of free-living red deer in italy. | hunter-killed red deer (n = 68; cervus elaphus) harvested from the italian provinces of bologna (emilia romagna) and pistoia (tuscany) (44 degrees 00'n 11 degrees 00'e) from october 2001 to january 2002 were examined for protostrongylid larvae. twenty-eight animals (41%) had protostrongylid larvae in feces, lungs, and inguinal and iliac lymph nodes. of these 28 animals, 20 were adults (71%), four were yearlings (14%), and four were calves (14%). shape, length, width, and the location to the nema ... | 2006 | 17255458 |
| the importance of parasite life history and host density in predicting the impact of infections in red deer. | we studied a macroparasite (elaphostrongylus cervi, nematoda) and a microparasite infection (tuberculosis, tb) in red deer (cervus elaphus) across different populations where managers manipulated host condition, density and aggregation by providing supplemental food. we aimed to test whether and, if so, how persistence and transmission of both parasites differentially varied as host body condition and population density varied. we took account of sex, as red deer life history greatly concerns se ... | 2007 | 17401583 |
| minimum sampling effort for reliable non-invasive estimations of excretion abundance of elaphostrongylus cervi l1 in red deer (cervus elaphus) populations. | faecal surveys are commonly used as non-invasive means to evaluate population abundance of animals as well as comparable indexes of prevalence and intensity of diseases between populations, especially macroparasites. while faecal surveys are among one of the simplest means to perform these evaluations, they are time consuming and labour intensive. the present study evaluated 80 red deer (cervus elaphus) faecal samples collected in two study sites for the presence and abundance of first-stage lar ... | 2008 | 18416882 |
| [an attempt of experimental infection of fishes and chickens with invasive larvae of elaphostrongylus cervi (nematoda, protostrongylidae)]. | elaphostrongylus cervi is a parasite of skeletal muscles and central nervous system of wild and farm red deer in europe and asia. numerous species of terrestrial snails can be its intermediate hosts. considering the fact that invasive larvae of e. cervi are released by deer to the external environment in huge numbers, fishes and birds can be accidentally infect by them. in this study the development of larvae e. cervi in those nonspecific hosts was discussed. it was determined that invasive larv ... | 2009 | 19856837 |
| elaphostrongylus cervi in a population of red deer ( cervus elaphus) and evidence of cerebrospinal nematodiasis in small ruminants in the province of varese, italy. | thirty-one faecal samples were collected from red deer in the northern area of varese, in the italian region of lombardy, between august and october 2008. the animals had either been hunted or accidently killed. examination for internal parasites showed a prevalence of 45.2% for elaphostrongylus cervi larvae and species identification was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). ninety-seven faecal samples were also collected from two goat flocks grazing in the same area between december 20 ... | 2010 | 20923583 |
| lungworm (nematoda: protostrongylidae) infection in wild and domestic ruminants from małopolska region of poland. | the conducted study has focused on domestic, as well as wild ruminant species. the post mortem examination was carried out on 68 animals, including three wild species: roe deer (capreolus capreolus) (25 indyviduals), red deer (cervus elaphus) (6), fallow deer (dama dama) (5) and two domestic: sheep (ovis aries) (14) and cattle (bos taurus) (18). some of the species have also been investigated in the field by the coproscopical analyses. the faecal samples from roe deer (27), fallow deer (20), red ... | 2016 | 27262959 |
| health protocol for translocation of free-ranging elk. | when considering an elk (cervus elaphus) restoration program, wildlife managers must evaluate the positive and negative elements of translocation. we prepared this protocol to give an overview of health considerations associated with translocation of elk, with an emphasis on movement of free-ranging elk from western north america to the southeastern usa. we evaluated infectious agents and ectoparasites reported in elk from two perspectives. first, we made a qualitative estimate of the ability of ... | 2001 | 11504216 |