| mycoplasmal conjunctivitis in wild songbirds: the spread of a new contagious disease in a mobile host population. | a new mycoplasmal conjunctivitis was first reported in wild house finches (carpodacus mexicanus) in early 1994. the causative agent was identified as mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), a nonzoonotic pathogen of poultry that had not been associated with disease in wild songbirds. since the initial observations of affected house finches in the mid-atlantic region, the disease has become widespread and has been reported throughout the eastern united states and canada. by late 1995, mycoplasmal conjunct ... | 1997 | 9126448 |
| molecular epidemiologic investigations of mycoplasma gallisepticum conjunctivitis in songbirds by random amplified polymorphic dna analyses. | an ongoing outbreak of conjunctivitis in free-ranging house finches (carpodacus mexicanus) began in 1994 in the eastern united states. bacterial organisms identified as mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) were isolated from lesions of infected birds. mg was also isolated from a blue jay (cyanocitta cristata) that contracted conjunctivitis after being housed in a cage previously occupied by house finches with conjunctivitis, and from free-ranging american goldfinches (carduelis tristis) in north caroli ... | 1997 | 9284386 |
| mycoplasma sturni from blue jays and northern mockingbirds with conjunctivitis in florida. | northern mockingbirds (mimus polyglottos) and blue jays (cyanocitta cristata) in a florida (usa) wildlife care facility developed clinical signs and gross lesions suggestive of the ongoing outbreak of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) conjunctivitis in house finches (carpodacus mexicanus) and american goldfinches (carduelis tristis). mycoplasmal organisms were cultured from conjunctival/corneal swabs of birds with sinusitis, conjunctivitis, and/or epiphora. all of the isolates tested were identified ... | 1998 | 9577796 |
| spatial variation in an avian host community: implications for disease dynamics. | because many pathogens can infect multiple host species within a community, disease dynamics in a focal host species can be affected by the composition of the host community. we examine the extent to which spatial variation in species' abundances in an avian host community may contribute to geographically varying prevalence of a recently emerged wildlife pathogen. mycoplasma gallisepticum is a pathogen novel to songbirds that has caused substantial mortality in house finches (carpodacus mexicanu ... | 2010 | 20130959 |
| house finch (haemorhous mexicanus) conjunctivitis, and mycoplasma spp. isolated from north american wild birds, 1994-2015. | sampling wild birds for mycoplasma culture has been key to the study of house finch (haemorhous mexicanus) conjunctivitis, yielding isolates of mycoplasma gallisepticum spanning the temporal and geographic ranges of disease from emergence to endemicity. faced with the challenges and costs of sample collection over time and from remote locations for submission to our laboratory for mycoplasma culture, protocols evolved to achieve a practical optimum. herein we report making m. gallisepticum isola ... | 2016 | 27285414 |
| can american goldfinches function as reservoirs for mycoplasma gallisepticum? | we performed experiments to test if american goldfinches (spinus tristis) could be a competent reservoir for mycoplasma gallisepticum and play a role in the epidemic spread of mycoplasmal conjunctivitis among house finches (carpodacus mexicanus) in north america. we infected one of two individuals housed together in a cage and determined if transmission occurred to the second bird. probability of transmission between an american goldfinch and a house finch (in either direction) was similar to th ... | 2013 | 23307371 |
| comparative infectiousness of three passerine bird species after experimental inoculation with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | mycoplasma gallisepticum has been isolated from various species of free-living birds, and we therefore tested the hypothesis that bird species other than the main host, the house finch (carpodacus mexicanus), could play a role in the epidemiology of the infection. we compared the disease course in the house finch, american goldfinch (carduelis tristis) and house sparrow (passer domesticus) after inoculation into the conjunctival sac with m. gallisepticum, and also the degree to which the three s ... | 2008 | 19023761 |
| host range and dynamics of mycoplasmal conjunctivitis among birds in north america. | an epidemic of conjunctivitis among house finches (carpodacus mexicanus) caused by mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) bacterial infections was first described in 1994. the disease exhibits high primary host specificity, but has been isolated from a limited number of secondary avian hosts at various times and locations. we used records from the house finch disease survey, a continent-wide, volunteer monitoring project, to document the host range of conjunctivitis in birds at feeding stations and to in ... | 2001 | 11272507 |
| mycoplasmosis in evening and pine grosbeaks with conjunctivitis in quebec. | an outbreak of conjunctivitis affected evening grosbeaks (coccothraustes vespertinus) and pine grosbeaks (pinicola enucleator) in quebec (canada) during the winter 1998-99. one to 30% of the individuals from these two species were sick at 13 feeding stations. sick birds were thin and had unilateral or bilateral catarrhal and lymphoplasmacytic conjunctivitis and rhinitis, and mucopurulent infra-orbital sinusitis. mycoplasmal organisms were isolated in cultures in an affected evening grosbeak and ... | 2001 | 11763749 |
| mycoplasmal conjunctivitis in songbirds from new york. | a field study was conducted to determine the prevalence of conjunctivitis and mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) infections in house finches (carpodacus mexicanus) and other songbirds common to bird feeders in tompkins county (new york, usa). eight hundred two individuals of 23 species and nine families of birds were captured and given physical examinations during the 14 mo study beginning in february 1998. clinical conjunctivitis (eyelid or conjunctival swelling, erythema, and discharge) was observe ... | 2000 | 10813607 |