| incidence of arbovirus antibodies in bovine, ovine and human sera collected in eastern sicily. | the incidence of antibodies against 9 arboviruses in ovine, bovine and human sera collected in eastern sicily was studied. a high incidence of antibodies was found especially against bhanja virus in all sera and against sandfly fever sicilian in ovine sera only. the incidence was higher than that reported in 1971 for the western part of sicily. these findings suggest an increase in the circulation of arboviruses in this area; the causes are briefly discussed. | 1976 | 7946 |
| a rapid method for detection of bhanja virus in infected ticks. | a rapid method has been developed to detect bhanja virus in experimentally infected hyalomma asiaticum ticks by an indirect hemagglutination test. the titer of viral antigen is suspensions prepared from infected ticks ranged from 1:640 to 1:2,560; the antigen was demonstrated in both unfed and engorged ticks during an observation period from 2 weeks to 5 months after infection. the test is simple, easily reproduced, highly sensitive and specific, and may be useful for field studies with bhanja v ... | 1979 | 457365 |
| [kisemayo virus, a representative of the bhanja antigenic group]. | previously unknown kisemayo virus first isolated in 1974 from rhipicephalus pulchellus ticks collected in somali shows antigenic relationship with bhanja virus in hi tests, however, is readily differentiated from the latter in this test. no cross relations between these agents are demonstrable in cft, agar gel diffusion and precipitation test or neutralization test. these results suggest formation of a new antigenic group including bhanja and kisemayo viruses among arboviruses. | 1979 | 524862 |
| a serological survey for bhanja virus in humans, domestic mammals, and rats in egypt. | | 1978 | 556276 |
| bhanja virus serologic survey in czechoslovakia. | | 1977 | 604222 |
| isolation of bhanja virus from ticks of the genus haemaphysalis in southeast bulgaria and presence of antibodies in pastured sheep. | bhanja virus was isolated from ticks of the genus haemaphysalis (h. punctata and h. sulcata) collected from sheep pastured in the surroundings of akhtopol in southeast bulgaria, and simultaneously blood sera of 58 sheep were investigated in plaque-reduction neutralization test with b lranja arbovirus. all sera contained antibodies to this virus in titres from 1:32 to 1:4096 (geometrical mean titre 1:494). the district of akhtopol proved to be a natural focus of bhanja virus. | 1978 | 640526 |
| human infection with bhanja virus. | | 1975 | 812372 |
| isolation of bhanja virus from ticks in yugoslavia. | two strains of bhanja (bha) virus, an ungrouped arbovirus, were isolated from haemaphysalis punctata ticks collected from sheep on the island of brac in the yugoslavian adriatic. serologic testing gave evidence of the endemicity of bha virus on the island, and antibody prevalence rates were high for both man (35.8%--ranging locally to 61.3%) and sheep (100%). no antibody was found in 82 small mammals tested. evidence of a natural cycle involving ticks and sheep, the potential significance of thi ... | 1977 | 907037 |
| [surgey of tick-borne arboviruses in the central african republic (1973-1974). isolation of dugbe, chf/congo, jos and bhanja viruses]. | as a complement of the study of the epidemiology of the arboviruses in central africa a survey of tick borne viruses has been done, in the central african republic, from december 1972 to june 1974; 15.103 ticks were collected, mainly from cattle at the slaughterhouses. they include: 10.085 ambylomma variegatum, 4.113 boophilus, 542 rhipicephalus and 363 hyalomma. from 892 monospecific pools inoculated into baby mice, 98 isolates of virus were obtained. among the 57 isolates which have been fully ... | 1976 | 1036474 |
| detection of bhanja virus in cell cultures by fluorescent antibody technique. | the multiplication of bhanja virus in cv-1 cells was studied both by staining the viral antigens with the fa technique and measuring the light intensity emitted by the fluorescent cells with a photomultiplier and by the simultaneous titration of intracellular and extracellular virus. the fluorescence appeared at 3 hrs post adsorption in the form of very small granules in the cytoplasm of the infected cells. percentage of cells containing viral antigens reached its maximum at 18 hrs post adsorpti ... | 1975 | 1106725 |
| geographical distribution of arboviruses in yugoslavia. | studies of arboviruses started in yugoslavia in 1953 following the isolation of tbe virus which caused a severe epidemic that year. until now the following viruses have been proven to circulate in the country: tick-borne encephalitis (tbe), crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf), bhanja (bha), sandfly fever (sf), tahyna (tah), calovo (cvo), west nile (wn), dengue (den), jug bogdanovac (jb), and hantaviruses. tbe virus is endemic in the north-west part of the country, causing also epidemics in cy ... | 1991 | 1658128 |
| isolation of bhanja virus in romania. | the presence of bhanja virus was notified for the first time in our country in 1986, by the serological study performed on human and domestic animals sera. in 1988 four bhanja virus strains from dermacentor ticks were isolated in alba and caraş-severin counties. a high percent of domestic animals, originating in this region, presents antibodies to the isolated strains and also to bhanja virus reference strain. | 1990 | 2129278 |
| numerical comparative serology of the bhanja antigenic group (bunyaviridae). | antigenic relationships between the two known members of the bhanja serogroup (bhanja virus, 7 strains; kismayo virus, two strains) were studied by a plaque-reduction cross-neutralization test in vero cells, using hyperimmune mouse sera. the results were then subjected to a cluster analysis, which showed (in the form of a dendrogram) a considerable antigenic difference between the two viruses. within bhanja virus, the european isolates from haemaphysalis punctata or h. sulcata ticks were antigen ... | 1985 | 2581527 |
| some physical and chemical properties of bhanja virus. | bhanja virus is acid-labile, relatively thermostable, resistant to trypsin and heparin; a complete inactivation was achieved with chloramine b or formaldehyde, while phenol was ineffective, and uv radiation only partially effective. | 1986 | 2878592 |
| [antibodies against the bhanja virus in agricultural workers in eastern slovakia]. | | 1986 | 2947705 |
| modulation of bhanja virus infection in mice. | randombred (icr) and inbred (c57b1/6) 4-wk-old spf male mice were infected extraneurally with bhanja virus (bunyaviridae) and subjected to various treatments. immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide (cpa) affected the course of the infection when a higher dose (10(6) suckling mouse intracerebral ld50) of the virus and 2 or 3 injections of cpa (150 mg/kg each) were given: then a part of the animals died due to viral encephalitis, whereas all the cpa-untreated infected mice survived. a dual periph ... | 1986 | 3024424 |
| geographic distribution of bhanja virus. | a review on the geographic distribution, vectors and hosts of bhanja virus (bunyaviridae) is based on reports about: isolations of the virus; antibody surveys. bhanja virus has been isolated in 15 countries of asia, africa and europe, and antibodies against it have been detected in 15 additional countries. vector range includes ticks of the family ixodidae (subfam. amblyomminae; not subfam. ixodinae): 13 species of 6 genera (haemaphysalis, dermacentor, hyalomma, amblyomma, rhipicephalus and boop ... | 1987 | 3108117 |
| incidence of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies for bhanja virus in humans along the north-west border of yugoslavia. | by the hemagglutination-inhibition test with the yugoslav strain of bhanja virus, the sera of 380 youngsters residing in the region along the yugoslav-hungarian border (north croatia) and 367 sera from newcomers to the area from various parts of yugoslavia were examined. the testing included 154 sera of the youngsters who had came to the region along the yugoslav-italian border (slovenia) without antibodies for bhanja virus and were staying there for a year. hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodie ... | 1987 | 3118594 |
| experimental pathogenicity of bhanja virus. | mice, guinea pigs and rabbits were infected with several strains of bhanja virus (bunya-viridae) intracerebrally (i.c.), intraperitoneally (i.p.), subcutaneously (s.c.), intravenously, perorally, intranasally (i.n.) or per conjunctivae. mortality followed the infection by all routes tested (i.c., i.p., s.c.) in suckling mice, by i.c. and i.n. routes in adult mice, by i.c. route in adult guinea pigs whereas did not occur in adult rabbits even after i.c. inoculation. invasivity indices were estima ... | 1987 | 3122463 |
| [comparison of 3 serological tests for the detection of antibodies to bhanja virus in domestic ruminants]. | | 1988 | 3130709 |
| isolation of "exotic" bhanja virus (bunyaviridae) from ticks in the temperate zone. | one strain of bhanja virus was isolated from dermacentor marginatus male ticks collected from sheep in slovak karst, eastern czechoslovakia (48 degrees 31'n, 20 degrees 28'e). in addition, three strains of brezová virus (subtype of tribec orbivirus, reoviridae) were isolated from ixodes ricinus ticks. the result represents the northernmost isolation of bhanja virus and, moreover, its first recovery from d. marginatus in europe. cross-neutralization plaque reduction test revealed antigenic simila ... | 1988 | 3140767 |
| a serological survey for bhanja and tick-borne encephalitis viruses in sheep of eastern slovakia. | 755 sheep from 41 farms in the districts of trebisov, michalovce, humenné and roznava in the east slovakian region were investigated on the presence of antibodies to bhanja (neutralization test) and tick-borne encephalitis (haemagglutination-inhibition test) viruses. in respective districts 2.2%, 0.4%, 1.7% and 26.7% of animals (total 5.3%) were found to be positive on bhanja virus, 4.4%, 1.5%, 1.7% and 5.0% (total 2.6%) on tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus. the considerable infection rate in ... | 1985 | 3930351 |
| [ecology of tick-borne arboviruses in the central african republic]. | ticks have been collected on cattle skins for seven consecutive years in bangui, berberati, bangassou and bouar. 150 strains of arboviruses have been isolated from the four following species: amblyomma variegatum: dugbe, jos, thogoto, crimean-congo hemorragic fever (cchf), yellow fever, bhanja and pétévo; boophilus annulatus: dugbe, jos and thogoto; b. decoloratus: dugbe, jos, thogoto and cchf; hyalomma nitidum: cchf. dugbe (112 isolated strains), jos (19 isolates) and thogoto (11 isolates) viru ... | 1985 | 4028317 |
| experimental pathogenicity of bhanja virus for white mice and macaca mulatta monkeys. | | 1970 | 4392923 |
| growth of bhanja virus in tissue culture. | | 1970 | 4392924 |
| isolation of bhanja virus from haemaphysalis ticks in italy. | | 1970 | 5416280 |
| bhanja virus: a new arbovirus from ticks haemaphysalis intermedia warburton and nuttall, 1909, in orissa, india. | | 1969 | 5820426 |
| experimental infection of sheep with bhanja virus. | seven juvenile sheep were infected subcutaneously (s.c.) or intracerebrally (i.c.) with bhanja virus. distinct symptoms of cns affection (ataxia, pareses) were observed only in the case of i.c. application of a massive dose (10(-7) to 10(9) smicld50) of the bg 336/336 strain. a short-term and low viremia (one to four days p.i.) was ascertained after i.c. infection with a dose of 10(4.7) to 10(9.2) smicld50 of the same strain. on the other hand, the high titres of neutralization antibodies were d ... | 1984 | 6425154 |
| experimental infection of hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) with bhanja virus. | | 1984 | 6430758 |
| a serological survey for bhanja virus in czechoslovakia. | sera of 259 persons, 801 sheep, 54 goats and 60 cows from several regions of czechoslovakia were examined by tube-neutralization test (tnt) and haemagglutination-inhibition test (hit) for antibodies against bhanja virus. the results of both assays correlated well, but tnt was a more sensitive test than hit. antibodies neutralizing bhanja virus were detected in 2.7% of persons, 5.1% of sheep, 18.5% of goats and 16.7% of cattle, most frequently in the district roznava (eastern slovakia), where 38. ... | 1984 | 6534039 |
| prevalence of arbovirus antibodies in sera of animals in sri lanka. | the sera of cattle, goats, dogs and crows from the colombo area were tested for antibodies against seven arboviruses of the families togaviridae and bunyaviridae by a plaque-reduction neutralization microtest, using vero cells and a stable line of pig kidney (ps) cells. the overall percentages of positive sera among the mammals were: bhanja, 92.5%; calovo (batai), 30.6%; sindbis, 13.8%; langat, 4.8%; tahyna, 3.9%; west nile, 1.6%. among the birds, 23.8% had antibodies to bhanja virus and 9.5% to ... | 1983 | 6609014 |
| possible role of birds and ticks in the dissemination of bhanja virus. | several wild birds (4 fringilla coelebs, 1 coccothraustes coccothraustes and 2 erithacus rubecula) were inoculated subcutaneously with bhanja virus (bhav). no clinical symptoms of infection were observed in any of the birds; a low viremia was demonstrated only in c. coccothraustes (2 and 4 days p.i.), seroconversion in all birds. bhav was not isolated from organs 32 days p.i. consequently, the tested birds do not seem to serve as "amplifying hosts" of bhav. the paper includes a survey of geograp ... | 1982 | 6800906 |
| [ecological and nosological study of tick-borne arboviruses in senegal. ii. experimental study of the pathogenicity of the bhanja virus in small domestic ruminants]. | | 1981 | 6805047 |
| detection of human bhanja virus-specific antibodies in czechoslovakia. | blood sera from 185 czechoslovak citizens, residents of south-moravia (znojmo district: 107, breclav district: 13) and east-slovakia (roznava district: 65) regions, were examined for the presence of neutralizing antibodies to bhanja arbovirus, using ps and vero cell lines, constant dose of virus and serial serum dilutions. specific antibody titres greater than or equal to 1:10 were detected in the sera of 10 persons (i.e. 5.4% of all examined), of which 5 men and 4 women were from district of ro ... | 1982 | 7119432 |
| experimental infection of rabbit with bhanja virus. | two young female rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus var. edulis) were inoculated subcutaneously with bhanja virus (bha) in a dose of 85 intracerebral ld50 for suckling mice (smicld50) and 8500 smicld50 (rabbit a and b, resp.). in rabbit a no clinical symptoms, nor viremia were observed, only seroconversion was revealed on day 7 p.i. on the other hand, in the rabbit b hypothermy on days 7--11 p.i., a mild adynamia on day 11 p.i. and a slight paresis on one hind leg on days 23--30 p.i. were observed; ... | 1981 | 7227874 |
| serologic survey for selected viral and rickettsial agents of brown bears (ursus arctos) in croatia. | sera from 22 (13 wild and nine captive) european brown bears (ursus arctos) from croatia were tested to 18 viral and rickettsial agents. serologic evidence of exposure was found to the following agents (number positive/number examined): bhanja virus (3/15), tahyna virus (3/15), west nile virus (4/15), naples sandfly fever virus (1/15), human adenovirus (1/22), influenza a (1/22) and b (1/22) virus, cytomegalovirus (1/22), parainfluenza virus 1 (2/22), chlamydia psittaci (1/22), coxiella burnetii ... | 1993 | 8258856 |
| ixodid ticks infesting rodents and sheep in diverse biotopes of southern india. | a total of 127 rodents were trapped in southern india. examination of these rodents revealed the presence of 2 species of ticks, haemaphysalis spinigera and rhipicephalus ramachandrai. the former species is the principal vector of kyasanur forest disease (kfd) in india, and the latter's role, if any, is unknown. sheep grazing in 1 of the study area were infested with another ixodid tick. haemaphysalis intermedia, which is a vector of bhanja virus in india. the presence of h. spinigera on domesti ... | 1997 | 9267427 |
| immunoadjuvant effect of inactivated cryptococcus neoformans. | cryptococcus neoformans disseminated into the central nervous system (cns) of intraperitoneally inoculated adult icr mice, but did not potentiate penetration of concurrently given bhanja virus (bunyaviridae) into the cns. likewise, bhanja virus infection did not affect significantly the course of murine cryptococcosis. however, formalin-killed c. neoformans cells non-specifically increased production of antibodies against the virus infection in the animals. | 1997 | 9511233 |
| transmission of tick-borne bunyaviruses by cofeeding ixodid ticks. | palma and bhanja bunyaviruses replicated in dermacentor marginatus, d. reticulatus, rhipicephalus sanguineus, r. appendiculatus and ixodes ricinus ticks after parenteral inoculation and appropriate incubation and feeding. palma virus was transmitted to d. marginatus and d. reticulatus males, d. reticulatus and r. sanguineus females, and r. appendiculatus nymphs while cofeeding with infected ticks on laboratory mice. bhanja virus was transmitted to d. marginatus males and r. appendiculatus nymphs ... | 1997 | 9607090 |
| natural foci of some viral zoonoses in croatia. | results of several-year investigations into the epidemiology and virology of viral zoonoses with natural foci occurring in croatia, with special reference to tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), are presented. the etiologic diagnosis of these diseases was made on the basis of virus isolation from patient blood and/or findings of specific antibodies in the serum. several tbe and bhanja virus strains were isolated from different species of ticks, and calo ... | 1999 | 10914135 |
| validation of an indirect elisa based on a recombinant nucleocapsid protein of rift valley fever virus for the detection of igg antibody in humans. | an indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay (i-elisa) based on the recombinant nucleocapsid protein (rnp) of rift valley fever virus was validated for the detection of specific igg antibody in human sera. validation data sets derived from testing sera collected in africa (n=2967) were categorized according to the results of a virus neutralisation test. the assay had high intra- and inter-plate repeatability in routine runs. no detectable cross-reactions between igg antibodies generated from mice exper ... | 2007 | 17645952 |
| biogeography of tick-borne bhanja virus (bunyaviridae) in europe. | bhanja virus (bhav) is pathogenic for young domestic ruminants and also for humans, causing fever and affections of the central nervous system. this generally neglected arbovirus of the family bunyaviridae is transmitted by metastriate ticks of the genera haemaphysalis, dermacentor, hyalomma, rhipicephalus, boophilus, and amblyomma. geographic distribution of bhav covers southern and central asia, africa, and southern (partially also central) europe. comparative biogeographic study of eight know ... | 2010 | 20182535 |
| the genome sequence of lone star virus, a highly divergent bunyavirus found in the amblyomma americanum tick. | viruses in the family bunyaviridae infect a wide range of plant, insect, and animal hosts. tick-borne bunyaviruses in the phlebovirus genus, including severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) in china, heartland virus (hrtv) in the united states, and bhanja virus in eurasia and africa have been associated with acute febrile illness in humans. here we sought to characterize the growth characteristics and genome of lone star virus (lsv), an unclassified bunyavirus originally isola ... | 2013 | 23637969 |
| characterization of the bhanja serogroup viruses (bunyaviridae): a novel species of the genus phlebovirus and its relationship with other emerging tick-borne phleboviruses. | bhanja virus (bhav) and its antigenically close relatives forecariah virus (forv), kismayo virus (kisv), and palma virus (palv) are thought to be members of the family bunyaviridae, but they have not been assigned to a genus or species. despite their broad geographical distribution and reports that bhav causes sporadic cases of febrile illness and encephalitis in humans, the public health importance of the bhanja serogroup viruses remains unclear, due in part to the lack of sequence and biochemi ... | 2013 | 23325688 |
| tick-borne viruses: a review from the perspective of therapeutic approaches. | several important human diseases worldwide are caused by tick-borne viruses. these diseases have become important public health concerns in recent years. the tick-borne viruses that cause diseases in humans mainly belong to 3 families: bunyaviridae, flaviviridae, and reoviridae. in this review, we focus on therapeutic approaches for several of the more important tick-borne viruses from these 3 families. these viruses are crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchf) and the newly discovered tick- ... | 2014 | 24907187 |
| [molecular-genetic characterization of the bhanja virus (bhav) and the razdan virus (razv) (bunyaviridae, phlebovirus) isolated from the ixodes ticks rhipicephalus bursa (canestrini and fanzago, 1878) and dermacentor marginatus (sulzer, 1776) in transcaucasus]. | two bunyaviruses, bhanja (bhav, leiv-az1818) isolated from the ixodes ticks rhipecephalus bursa (canestrini and fanzago, 1878) in azerbaijan (1973) and razdan (razv; strain leiv-arm2741) isolated from the dermacentor marginatus (sulzer, 1776) ticks in armenia (1972), were de novo sequenced (on the illumina platform). the amino acid identity between these viruses proteins were 95.8% (rdrp, l-segment), 90.3% (gngc, m-segment), and 92.5% (n, s-segment). thus, razv was classified to bhav group. gngc ... | 2016 | 24354060 |
| genetic characterization of bhanja virus and palma virus, two tick-borne phleboviruses. | the genomes of bhanja virus (bhav) and palma virus (palv) two tick-borne viruses hitherto grouped into the bhanja virus antigenic complex of the bunyaviridae were determined by pyrosequencing. phylogenetic analysis groups all three segments of bhav and palv into a distinct clade of tick-borne phleboviruses together with the newly described severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus and uukuniemi virus. the terminal signature sequences which are signatures for taxonomic grouping and import ... | 2012 | 22806684 |