| geographic distribution modeling and spatial cluster analysis for equine piroplasms in greece. | maximum entropy ecological niche modeling and spatial scan statistic were utilized to predict the geographic range and to investigate clusters of infections for equine piroplasms in greece, using the maxent and satscan programs, respectively. the eastern half of the country represented the culminating area with high probabilities (p>0.75) of presence of equine piroplasms and encompassed most regions with high concentration of equid host populations. the most important environmental factor that c ... | 2010 | 20601173 |
| a babesia bovis gene syntenic to theileria parva p67 is expressed in blood and tick stage parasites. | completion of the babesia bovis (t2bo strain) genome provides detailed data concerning the predicted proteome of this parasite, and allows for a bioinformatics approach to gene discovery. comparative genomics of the hemoprotozoan parasites b. bovis and theileria parva revealed a highly conserved syntenic block of genes flanking the p67 gene of t. parva, a sporozoite stage-specific vaccine candidate against east coast fever (ecf). the syntenic gene in b. bovis, designated bov57, encodes a protein ... | 2010 | 20638797 |
| [an indirect elisa for the detection of babesia caballi in equine animals]. | to clone and express bc48 gene of babesia caballi, and to establish an indirect elisa for the diagnosis of b. caballi in equine animals. | 2010 | 20806504 |
| serologic evidence of equine granulocytic anaplasmosis in horses from central west brazil. | ehrlichiosis is a zoonotic disease caused by gram-negative and intracellular obligatory bacterial organisms. equine granulocytic anaplasmosis - ega (formerly equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis, ege) is a seasonal disease, normally self-limited in horses. there are few reports in brazil about this ehrlichial agent, as well as its natural vectors. nowadays, veterinarians are considering the suspicion of ega in horses with suggestive symptoms of ehrlichiosis and which do not respond to piroplasmosis ... | 2010 | 20943015 |
| a case of transplacental transmission of theileria equi in a foal in trinidad. | equine piroplasmosis due to theileria equi and babesia caballi is endemic in trinidad. a case of equine piroplasmosis due to t. equi was diagnosed in a thoroughbred foal at 10h post-partum. a high parasitaemia (63%) of piroplasms was observed in a wright-giemsa(®) stained thin blood smear from the foal. in addition, the 18s rrna gene for babesia/theileria was amplified from dna extracted from the blood of the foal and the mare. amplified products were subjected to a reverse line blot hybridizati ... | 2010 | 21051152 |
| occurrence of theileria equi in horses raised in the jaboticabal microregion, são paulo state, brazil. | blood and serum samples from 170 horses raised in the jaboticabal microregion, são paulo state, brazil, were collected and tested by microscopic examination of blood smears, indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) and nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr) for theileria equi infections. the association among the test results was verified by the mcnemar test. during the examination of thin blood smears, parasites were detected in six (3.52%) horses. anti-t. equi antibodies were detected in 100 ... | 2010 | 21184699 |
| prevalence of theileria equi and babesia caballi infection in horses from northern italy. | babesia caballi and theileria equi are the causative agents of equine piroplasmosis. in this epidemiological study, 294 horses reared in a rural area of northern italy were studied. during january 2008-january 2009, blood samples were taken for serology (indirect fluorescent antibody test) and for polymerase chain reaction (pcr). data on the geographical area, sex, and age were collected for statistical analysis of risk factors associated with infection. a seroprevalence of 8.5% was found: 8.2% ... | 2011 | 21254835 |
| serological prevalence of babesia caballi and theileria equi in horses of lara state, venezuela. | the main objective of this study was to demonstrate the occurrence of equine piroplasmosis (ep) in horses of lara state, venezuela, and to correlate it with the factors host's sex and age in order to know the epidemiology of this disease at the venezuelan centroccidental region. antibody levels to babesia caballi and theileria equi were assessed in 360 equine serum samples, collected from 9 municipalities of lara state, using an elisa technique with recombinant antigens and monoclonal antibodies ... | 2011 | 21273001 |
| a survey for piroplasmids in horses and bactrian camels in north-eastern mongolia. | equine piroplasmosis caused by babesia caballi and theileria equi is widespread in asia. the presence of these haemozoans in mongolia was previously confirmed in domestic as well as in reintroduced przewalski horses in which they cause significant pathology. the data on occurrence of piroplasms from bactrian camels in asia is lacking. a total of 192 horses, 70 bactrian camels, and additional 16 shepherd dogs from the hentiy province were included in our study. no clinical signs typical for pirop ... | 2011 | 21402446 |
| seroprevalence of equine piroplasms in the republic of korea. | equine piroplasms include two tick-borne protozoan parasites, babesia caballi and theileria equi. although no clinical equine piroplasmosis has been reported in the republic of korea, the possible existence of the disease has been proposed due to a nationwide distribution of the vector ticks. to determine if the antibodies against b. caballi and t. equi were present, 184 sera of horses (equus caballus) raised in the republic of korea from 2007 to 2010 were assessed using celisa kits. two (1.1%) ... | 2011 | 21429670 |
| production of recombinant ema-1 protein and its application for the diagnosis of theileria equi using an enzyme immunoassay in horses from s+úo paulo state, brazil. | the erythrocytic-stage surface protein, equi merozoite antigen 1 (ema-1), is a major candidate for the development of a diagnostic antigen for equine piroplasmosis. in order to establish an effective diagnostic method for practical use, the gene encoding the entire ema-1 of theileria equi jaboticabal strain was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli as a histidine-tagged protein (his6-ema1). the expressed ema-1 reacted with specific antibodies in western blot and had an apparent molecular mass ... | 2011 | 21439233 |
| failure of the amblyomma cajennense nymph to become infected by theileria equi after feeding on acute or chronically infected horses. | tick-borne diseases in horses are caused by the intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites theileria equi and babesia caballi. although t. equi is highly endemic in latin america, the new world vector of this important parasite is controversial. the aim of this study was to test the ability of nymph amblyomma cajennense ticks acquire infection by t. equi following feeding on infected horses. three experiments were performed: tick acquisition of t. equi from an experimentally infected horse, tick acqu ... | 2011 | 21501609 |
| genetic diversity of the class ii major histocompatibility dra locus in european, asiatic and african domestic donkeys. | the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genes coding for antigen presenting molecules are the most polymorphic genes in vertebrate genome. the mhc class ii dra gene shows only small variation in many mammalian species, but it exhibits relatively high level of polymorphism in equidae, especially in donkeys. this extraordinary degree of polymorphism together with signatures of selection in specific amino acids sites makes the donkey dra gene a suitable model for population diversity studies. th ... | 2011 | 21515411 |
| identification of the piroplasms isolated from horses with clinical piroplasmosis in poland. | the study was aimed at determining the cause of the diseases in three horses exhibiting symptoms of fever, ataxia, mucus membrane paleness, haematuria and thrombocytopenia. the pcr technique revealed the presence in the blood of 18s rna babesia/theileria spp. genetic material. dna amplification using primers rlb f2 and rlb r2 produced 430 bp size products. the sequences of these pcr products demonstrated a 95.6-97.5% similarity with the sequence of the fragment of 18s rna babesia equi, gene numb ... | 2011 | 21634230 |
| equine babesiosis: seroprevalence, risk factors and comparison of different diagnostic methods in jordan. | the purposes of this study were to estimate the seroprevalence and distribution of horse piroplasmosis, to evaluate risk factors associated with the occurrence of the disease and to compare the different diagnostic methods used for this disease. a total of 253 clinically normal horses were sampled, and a collection form was completed for each horse from five of six different climatic zones of jordan. the sixth zone was not sampled because it did not include horse population. competitive enzyme-l ... | 2011 | 21771287 |
| piroplasm parasites of white rhinoceroses (ceratotherium simum) in the kruger national park, and their relation to anaemia. | as part of a larger survey to map the geographical distribution of babesia and theileria parasites in the southern african rhinoceros population, white rhinoceroses were sampled during routine immobilisations in the kruger national park. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and reverse line blot (rlb) hybridisation assays were used to screen for the presence of piroplasms and complete blood counts were used to assess associated changes in clinical parameters. of the 195 rhinoceroses sampled, 71 (36.4 ... | 2011 | 21826836 |
| molecular and serological detection of theileria equi and babesia caballi in donkeys (equus asinus) in brazil. | piroplasmosis in donkeys has been recognized as a serious problem of major economic importance, since the affected animals manifest loss of appetite and decreased working capacity. the present work is aimed at detecting infection or exposure of donkeys in são paulo, brazil to theileria (t.) equi and babesia (b.) caballi using molecular and serological approaches. edta-blood and serum samples were collected from 88 donkeys (equus asinus). from 88 sampled donkeys, 65 (73.86%; 95% confidence interv ... | 2011 | 22186194 |
| factors associated to theileria equi in equids of two microregions from rio de janeiro, brazil. | serum samples from 714 equids of itaguaí and serrana microregions, rio de janeiro, southeastern brazil, were examined by indirect fluorescent antibody test (titer 1:80) for theileria equi. the prevalence in the microregions and factors associated with seropositivity were evaluated and the prevalence ratio (pr) calculated. the overall prevalence of t. equi infection was 81.09% (n = 579), with higher prevalence (p < 0.05) in the itaguaí (85.43%) when compared to serrana microregion (76.92%). the g ... | 2011 | 21961755 |
| protective effects of passively transferred merozoite-specific antibodies against theileria equi in horses with severe combined immunodeficiency. | theileria equi immune plasma was infused into young horses (foals) with severe combined immunodeficiency. although all foals became infected following intravenous challenge with homologous t. equi merozoite stabilate, delayed time to peak parasitemia occurred. protective effects were associated with a predominance of passively transferred merozoite-specific igg3. | 2012 | 22038847 |
| quest for the piroplasms in camels: identification of theileria equi and babesia caballi in jordanian dromedaries by pcr. | dna of two species of piroplasmids was detected in dromedaries during a survey of blood protozoans in jordan between 2007 and 2009. ten clinically healthy camels (10%) originating from three jordanian districts were found, using a pcr assay, to harbor theileria or babesia species in their blood and no mix infection was determined. analysis of the partial 18s rrna gene sequences of these parasites allowed their unambiguous identification as equine piroplasmids babesia caballi (n=6) and theileria ... | 2011 | 22186193 |
| equine piroplasmosis associated with amblyomma cajennense ticks, texas, usa. | we report an outbreak of equine piroplasmosis in southern texas, usa, in 2009. infection prevalence reached 100% in some areas (292 infected horses). amblyomma cajennense was the predominant tick and experimentally transmitted theileria equi to an uninfected horse. we suggest that transmission by this tick species played a role in this outbreak. | 2011 | 22000367 |
| in vitro activity of ponazuril against theileria equi. | the equid hemoprotozoan parasite theileria equi is endemic in most regions worldwide. infection of horses is a cause of significant economic loss due to costs associated with disease and restriction of trade with non-endemic nations. the ability of certain drugs such as imidocarb dipropionate to eliminate persistent t. equi infection and transmission risk is controversial. the anti-protozoal agent ponazuril has been used successfully to treat equine sarcosystis neurona and toxoplasma gondii. the ... | 2011 | 22130334 |
| prevalence of the causative agents of equine piroplasmosis in the south west of the netherlands and the identification of two autochthonous clinical theileria equi infections. | equine piroplasmosis (ep) has not been considered indigenous in the netherlands. however, following the detection of an apparently indigenous subclinical babesia caballi infection in a horse on schouwen-duiveland (an island in the zeeland province), a survey was undertaken between may and september 2010 to assess the prevalence of the causative agents of ep in the south-west of the netherlands. blood samples from 300 randomly selected horses were tested for specific antibodies against theileria ... | 2012 | 22266019 |
| transplacental transmission of babesia equi (theileria equi) from carrier mares to foals. | this article communicates the first per-acute and fatal clinical report of transplacental transmission of theileria equi from carrier mothers to foals from punjab, india. two cases of equine piroplasmosis due to t. equi were diagnosed in neonatal foals borne to throughbred mares. high degree of parasitemia with annular and maltese cross shaped parasites in erythrocytes was seen in both cases. blood cellular changes revealed leucopenia and neutropenia with mild degenerative left shift. anaemia wa ... | 2011 | 23543072 |
| serosurveillance of infectious agents in equines of the central valley of costa rica. | blood samples from 181 equines from the central valley of costa rica were collected in the year 2012 to determine the presence of antibodies against selected infectious agents in horses and to determine the risk factors associated with these agents. the presence of antibodies against equine infectious anemia virus (eiav), equine herpes virus 1 and 4 (ehv-1 and ehv-4), west nile virus (wnv), influenza a virus (iav), equine viral arteritis virus (evav), babesia caballi, theileria equi, neospora ca ... | 2014 | 26623349 |
| amblyomma cajennense is an intrastadial biological vector of theileria equi. | the apicomplexan hemoprotozoan parasite theileria equi is one of the etiologic agents causing equine piroplasmosis, a disease of equines that is endemic throughout large parts of the world. before 2009 the united states had been considered to be free of this parasite. occasional cases had occurred but there was no evidence for endemic vector-borne transmission in the u.s. until a 2009 outbreak in texas in which dermacentor variabilis and amblyomma cajennense were implicated as vectors. although ... | 2013 | 24499587 |
| a review of hyalomma scupense (acari, ixodidae) in the maghreb region: from biology to control. | hyalomma scupense (syn. hyalomma detritum) is a two-host domestic endophilic tick of cattle and secondarily other ungulates in the maghreb region (africa). this species transmits several pathogens, among which two are major livestock diseases: theileria annulata and theileria equi. various other pathogens are also transmitted by this tick species, such as anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia bovis. hyalomma scupense is common in sub-humid and semi-arid areas of several regions in the world, m ... | 2014 | 24507485 |
| microscopic and molecular detection of theileria (babesia) equi infection in equids of kurdistan province, iran. | equine piroplasmosis (ep) is the cause of persistent tick-borne infection with no symptoms, but the most important problem of ep is due to the persistent carrier state. carrier animals to babesia (theileria) equi (laveran 1901) and b. caballi (nuttall, 1910) infestation could be identified by extremely sensitive pcr-based method. the purpose of this study was to identify the causative agents of equine piroplasmosis based on molecular and microscopic assays in equids from kurdistan province, iran ... | 0 | 27095973 |
| assessment of theileria equi and babesia caballi infections in equine populations in egypt by molecular, serological and hematological approaches. | equine piroplasmosis (ep) caused by theileria equi, babesia caballi, or both, contributes to significant economic loss in the equine industry and remains uncontrolled in egypt. this study focuses on surveying t. equi and b. caballi infections and hematological disorders in equine populations in egypt. | 2016 | 27146413 |
| molecular epidemiology of theileria equi in horses and their association with possible tick vectors in the state of rio de janeiro, brazil. | the aim of this study was to detect theileria equi (laveran 1901) dna in horses and ticks using real-time pcr and to list the factors associated with infection in animals located in the seropedica and petropolis municipalities of the state of rio de janeiro. we tested blood samples from 314 horses and samples from 300 ticks, including 191 amblyomma cajennense, 104 dermacentor nitens, and 5 ixodida larvae. factors inherent to the horse, the ownership, and animal management were obtained from an e ... | 2013 | 23474658 |
| genetic characterization of theileria equi infecting horses in north america: evidence for a limited source of u.s. introductions. | theileria equi is a tick-borne apicomplexan hemoparasite that causes equine piroplasmosis. this parasite has a worldwide distribution but the united states was considered to be free of this disease until recently. | 2013 | 23399005 |
| comparative genomic analysis and phylogenetic position of theileria equi. | transmission of arthropod-borne apicomplexan parasites that cause disease and result in death or persistent infection represents a major challenge to global human and animal health. first described in 1901 as piroplasma equi, this re-emergent apicomplexan parasite was renamed babesia equi and subsequently theileria equi, reflecting an uncertain taxonomy. understanding mechanisms by which apicomplexan parasites evade immune or chemotherapeutic elimination is required for development of effective ... | 2012 | 23137308 |
| re-emergence of the apicomplexan theileria equi in the united states: elimination of persistent infection and transmission risk. | arthropod-borne apicomplexan pathogens that cause asymptomatic persistent infections present a significant challenge due to their life-long transmission potential. although anti-microbials have been used to ameliorate acute disease in animals and humans, chemotherapeutic efficacy for apicomplexan pathogen elimination from a persistently infected host and removal of transmission risk is largely unconfirmed. the recent re-emergence of the apicomplexan theileria equi in u.s. horses prompted testing ... | 2012 | 22970295 |
| occurrence of tick-transmitted pathogens in dogs in jos, plateau state, nigeria. | canine babesiosis caused by babesia rossi, transmitted by haemaphysalis elliptica in south africa, has also been reported from nigeria. although h. leachi (sensu lato) is widespread in sub-saharan africa, published literature on the occurrence of canine babesiosis is meagre. it has been postulated that the genotype of babesia rossi erythrocyte membrane antigen 1 (brema1) may be linked to virulence of the specific isolate. the primary objective of this study was to detect and characterise tick-bo ... | 2014 | 24661795 |
| development of a pan-babesia fret-qpcr and a survey of livestock from five caribbean islands. | babesia spp. are tick-borne protozoan hemoparasites and the second most common blood-borne parasites of mammals, in particular domestic animals. we used the clustal multiple alignment program and 18s rrna gene sequences of 22 babesia species from genbank to develop a pcr that could detect a wide variety of babesia spp. in a single reaction. the pan-babesia fret-qpcr we developed reliably detected b. gibsoni, b. canis, b. vogeli, b. microti, b. bovis, and b. divergens under controlled conditions ... | 2015 | 26423577 |
| serum antibodies from a subset of horses positive for babesia caballi by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrate a protein recognition pattern that is not consistent with infection. | tick-borne pathogens that cause persistent infection are of major concern to the livestock industry because of transmission risk from persistently infected animals and the potential economic losses they pose. the recent reemergence of theileria equi in the united states prompted a widespread national survey resulting in identification of limited distribution of equine piroplasmosis (ep) in the u.s. horse population. this program identified babesia caballi-seropositive horses using rhoptry-associ ... | 2013 | 24049108 |
| theileria equi isolates vary in susceptibility to imidocarb dipropionate but demonstrate uniform in vitro susceptibility to a bumped kinase inhibitor. | the apicomplexan hemoparasite theileria equi is a causative agent of equine piroplasmosis, eradicated from the united states in 1988. however, recent outbreaks have sparked renewed interest in treatment options for infected horses. imidocarb dipropionate is the current drug of choice, however variation in clinical response to therapy has been observed. | 2015 | 25600252 |
| comparative bioinformatics analysis of transcription factor genes indicates conservation of key regulatory domains among babesia bovis, babesia microti, and theileria equi. | apicomplexa tick-borne hemoparasites, including babesia bovis, babesia microti, and theileria equi are responsible for bovine and human babesiosis and equine theileriosis, respectively. these parasites of vast medical, epidemiological, and economic impact have complex life cycles in their vertebrate and tick hosts. large gaps in knowledge concerning the mechanisms used by these parasites for gene regulation remain. regulatory genes coding for dna binding proteins such as members of the api-ap2, ... | 2016 | 27832060 |
| lymphocytes and macrophages are infected by theileria equi, but t cells and b cells are not required to establish infection in vivo. | theileria equi has a biphasic life cycle in horses, with a period of intraleukocyte development followed by patent erythrocytic parasitemia that causes acute and sometimes fatal hemolytic disease. unlike theileria spp. that infect cattle (theileria parva and theileria annulata), the intraleukocyte stage (schizont) of theileria equi does not cause uncontrolled host cell proliferation or other significant pathology. nevertheless, schizont-infected leukocytes are of interest because of their potent ... | 2013 | 24116194 |
| geographic range of vector-borne infections and their vectors: the role of african wildlife. | the role of african wildlife in the occurrence of vector-borne infections in domestic animals has gained renewed interest as emerging and re-emerging infections occur worldwide at an increasing rate. in africa, biodiversity conservation and the expansion of livestock production have increased the risk of transmitting vector-borne infections between wildlife and livestock. the indigenous african pathogens with transboundary potential, such as rift valley fever virus, african horse sickness virus, ... | 2015 | 26470454 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. l. ixodid ticks infesting horses and donkeys. | the aim of the study was to determine the species spectrum of ixodid ticks that infest horses and donkeys in south africa and to identify those species that act as vectors of disease to domestic livestock. ticks were collected opportunistically from 391 horses countrywide by their owners or grooms, or by veterinary students and staff at the faculty of veterinary science, university of pretoria. ticks were also collected from 76 donkeys in limpopo province, 2 in gauteng province and 1 in north we ... | 2017 | 28281774 |
| detection and phylogenetic characterization of theileria spp. and anaplasma marginale in rhipicephalus bursa in portugal. | ticks are obligatory blood-sucking arthropod (acari:ixodida) ectoparasites of domestic and wild animals as well as humans. the incidence of tick-borne diseases is rising worldwide, challenging our approach toward diagnosis, treatment and control options. rhipicephalus bursa canestrini and fanzago, 1877, a two-host tick widely distributed in the palearctic mediterranean region, is considered a multi-host tick that can be commonly found on sheep, goats and cattle, and occasionally on horses, dogs, ... | 2016 | 26797395 |
| molecular surveillance of theileria equi and anaplasma phagocytophilum infections in horses from ukraine, poland and slovakia. | a survey was undertaken to assess the prevalence of theileria equi and anaplasma phagocytophilum in some regions of ukraine, poland and slovakia. using a specific pcr assays, blood samples from 215 horses were tested. the prevalence of t. equi and a. phagocytophilum infection was 13.95% and 1.4%, respectively. blast analysis showed the isolates closest to the t. equi 18s rrna and a. phagocytophilum msp4 gene sequences in genbank with a similarity of ≥99%. no significant association was found bet ... | 2016 | 26790735 |
| molecular and serological detection of tick-borne pathogens in donkeys (equus asinus) in italy. | donkeys, owing to the frequent outdoor activity, are exposed to a high risk of infection with tick-borne pathogens. this work aimed to detect exposure to theileria equi, babesia caballi, anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi s.l. of donkeys reared in central italy. for this purpose 122 adult donkeys were selected within 11 herds and submitted to blood collection. igg antibodies to t. equi, b. caballi, a. phagocytophilum and b. burgdorferi s.l. were detected by ifat. conventional pcr ... | 2014 | 25213231 |
| prevalence of theileria equi, babesia caballi, and anaplasma phagocytophilum in horses from the north of portugal. | piroplasmid protozoa theileria equi and babesia caballi and zoonotic rickettsial bacterium anaplasma phagocytophilum are important agents of equine vector-borne diseases (evbd). this study aimed at investigating the prevalence of infections with or exposure to these pathogens in horses from the north of portugal. blood was randomly collected from 162 horses, living in 72 different stables, to prepare giemsa-stained slide smears. additionally, plasma samples were tested for antibodies to t. equi ... | 2013 | 23591484 |
| molecular evidence for bacterial and protozoan pathogens in hard ticks from romania. | the aim of the present study was to provide a preliminary insight into the diversity of tick-borne pathogens circulating at the domestic host-tick interface in romania. for this, feeding and questing ticks were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the presence of anaplasma phagocytophilum, anaplasma platys, ehrlichia canis, borrelia burgdorferi sensu latu, and by pcr and subsequent sequencing for rickettsia spp., babesia spp. and theileria spp. a total of 382 ticks, encompas ... | 2013 | 23428204 |
| prevalence of tick borne pathogens in horses from italy. | in order to investigate the prevalence of tick-borne diseases, equine piroplasmosis, equine granulocytic anaplasmosis and lyme borreliosis in central italy, blood samples from 300 horses were analyzed for the presence of antibodies against babesia caballi, theileria equi, anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi using the ifat. the blood samples were also subjected to pcr assays in order to detect pathogen dna. a total of 78 (26.0%) and 123 (41.0%) horses were found to be seropositive ... | 2013 | 23328633 |
| stray dogs of northern jordan as reservoirs of ticks and tick-borne hemopathogens. | dogs are competent reservoir hosts of several hemopathogens including zoonotic agents and can serve as readily available source of nutrition for many blood-feeding arthropods. three hemopathogens had been detected for the first time in jordan. the pcr prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum, hepatozoon canis, and piroplasmid dna were 39.5%, 28.9%, and 7.9% (n=38) respectively. sequencing of amplicons of pcr with universal primers targeting the 18s rrna gene of piroplasmids shows the highest simi ... | 2012 | 22434363 |
| molecular characterization of babesia and theileria species in ticks collected in the outskirt of monte romano, lazio region, central italy. | in 2012-2013, an investigation was carried out in the viterbo province, lazio region, on ticks and tick-borne apicomplexan protozoa of the babesia and theileria genera. this followed the reporting of high density of ticks by soldiers operating in a military shooting range, and the signaling by owners and local veterinary authorities of several cases of babesiosis among cattle. | 2017 | 28361802 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina by loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick. | babesia spp. are apicomplexan protozoan parasites of the red blood cells of mammals and are transmitted by ticks. bovine babesiosis mainly caused by babesia bovis and babesia bigemina occurs worldwide, which is a great threat to animal health. microscopy examination is a gold standard for the diagnosis of babesiosis. however, its sensitivity is too low. this study was conducted to establish a simple, efficient and fast lamp-lfp method used for early diagnosis of animal babesiosis. lamp was devel ... | 2016 | 26921043 |
| identification of piroplasm infection in questing ticks by rlb: a broad range extension of tick-borne piroplasm in china? | sensitive and specific diagnostic method for rapid and simultaneous detection and discrimination of the different species is needed for an effective control of piroplasmosis. here, a reverse line blot (rlb) assay was developed for piroplasm detection. a general pair of primer based on 18s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene was used to amplify v4 region of 18s rrna gene. general and specific probes for 13 piroplasm species were cited from previous publications or designed according to the alignment of 18s ... | 2016 | 26896077 |
| evaluation of in vitro inhibitory effect of enoxacin on babesia and theileria parasites. | enoxacin is a broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent (fluoroquinolones) structurally related to nalidixic acid used mainly in the treatment of urinary tract infections and gonorrhea. also it has been shown recently that it may have cancer inhibiting effect. the primary antibabesial effect of enoxacin is due to inhibition of dna gyrase subunit a, and dna topoisomerase. in the present study, enoxacin was tested as a potent inhibitor against the in vitro growth of bovine and equ ... | 2016 | 26724376 |
| evaluation of the inhibitory effects of miltefosine on the growth of babesia and theileria parasites. | miltefosine, a membrane-active synthetic ether-lipid analogue, has antiproliferative and antiparasitic effects. in this study, the inhibitory effects of miltefosine were evaluated against three babesia species and theileria equi in vitro and against babesia microti in mice. the drug showed significant growth inhibition from an initial parasitemia of 1% for babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, babesia caballi, and t. equi with ic50 values of 25, 10.2, 10.4, and 99 μm, respectively. complete inhibitio ... | 2014 | 24938827 |
| inhibitory effect of allicin on the growth of babesia and theileria equi parasites. | allicin is an active ingredient of garlic that has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiprotozoal activity. however, the inhibitory effects of allicin on babesia parasites have not yet been examined. in the present study, allicin was tested as a potent inhibitor against the in vitro growth of bovine and equine babesia parasites and the in vivo growth of babesia microti in a mouse model. the in vitro growth of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, babesia caballi, or theileria equi was inhibi ... | 2014 | 24173810 |
| differential expression of three members of the multidomain adhesion ccp family in babesia bigemina, babesia bovis and theileria equi. | members of the ccp protein family have been previously described to be expressed on gametocytes of apicomplexan plasmodium parasites. knocking out plasmodium ccp genes blocks the development of the parasite in the mosquito vector, making the ccp proteins potential targets for the development of a transmission-blocking vaccine. apicomplexans babesia bovis and babesia bigemina are the causative agents of bovine babesiosis, and apicomplexan theileria equi causes equine piroplasmosis. bovine babesio ... | 2013 | 23844089 |
| evaluation of in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of fusidic acid on babesia and theileria parasites. | fusidic acid known to has antibacterial, antifungal, and antimalarial activities. fusidic acid blocks translation elongation factor g gene in plasmodium falciparum. in the present study, the inhibitory effects of fusidic acid on the in vitro growth of bovine and equine babesia parasites were evaluated. the inhibitory effect of fusidic acid on the in vivo growth of babesia microti was also assessed. the in vitro growth of four babesia species that were tested was significantly inhibited (p<0.05) ... | 2013 | 22985928 |
| cloning and characterization of histone deacetylase from babesia bovis. | the effect of inhibitors of histone deacetylase (hdac) on apicomplexa has been previously reported with the discovery of apicidin, a cyclic tetrapeptide having broad-spectrum antiparasitic activity. in the current study, we expressed babesia bovis (b. bovis) recombinant-hdac 3 (rbbhdac3) as a gst-fusion protein in escherichia coli (e. coli) and found that it was antigenic. an antiserum against the recombinant protein was generated in mice. the mice serum demonstrated the presence of hdac in b. b ... | 2012 | 22818786 |
| apicoplast-targeting antibacterials inhibit the growth of babesia parasites. | the apicoplast housekeeping machinery, specifically apicoplast dna replication, transcription, and translation, was targeted by ciprofloxacin, thiostrepton, and rifampin, respectively, in the in vitro cultures of four babesia species. furthermore, the in vivo effect of thiostrepton on the growth cycle of babesia microti in balb/c mice was evaluated. the drugs caused significant inhibition of growth from an initial parasitemia of 1% for babesia bovis, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (ic(50)s) ... | 2012 | 22391527 |
| clofazimine inhibits the growth of babesia and theileria parasites in vitro and in vivo. | the present study evaluated the growth-inhibitory effects of clofazimine, currently used for treating leprosy, against babesia bovis, b. bigemina, b. caballi, and theileria equi in in vitro culture and against babesia microti in mice. the 50% inhibitory concentrations (ic50s) of clofazimine against the in vitro growth of b. bovis, b. bigemina, b. caballi, and t. equi were 4.5, 3, 4.3, and 0.29 μm, respectively. in mice infected with b. microti, treatment with 20 mg/kg of body weight of clofazimi ... | 2016 | 26883713 |
| human exposure to piroplasms in central and northern italy. | ta serosurvey has been conducted in northern and central italy to investigate the presence in humans of antibodies against zoonotic babesia and theileria species. the study focused on a total of 432 volunteers, of which 290 were persistently exposed to tick bites because of their jobs (forester employees, livestock keepers, veterinary practitioners, farmers and hunters) and 142 resident in the same area less frequently exposed. an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) for humans was used to ... | 2014 | 24715592 |
| horses infected by piroplasms different from babesia caballi and theileria equi: species identification and risk factors analysis in italy. | equine piroplasmosis (ep) caused by theileria equi and babesia caballi is a disease affecting the health and the international movement of horses. in order to assess prevalence of piroplasmid infection in the northwestern part of italy and to evaluate the associated risk factors, whole blood was collected from 135 horses from 7 different stables across the study area. pcr and sequencing were used to assess prevalence of infection and to identify detected piroplasms to species level. a total of 2 ... | 2017 | 28288762 |
| effects of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (dhodh) inhibitors on the growth of theileria equi and babesia caballi in vitro. | theileria equi and babesia caballi are the causative agents of equine piroplasmosis (ep), which affects equine production in various parts of the world. however, a safe and effective drug is not currently available for treatment of ep. dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (dhodh) is the fourth enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway and has been known as a novel drug target for several apicomplexan protozoan parasites. in this study, we evaluated four dhodh inhibitors; atovaquone (atv), leflu ... | 2017 | 28286324 |
| prevalence and molecular characterization of theileria equi and babesia caballi in jereed horses in erzurum, turkey. | equine piroplasmosis (ep) is a hemoprotozoan tick-borne disease with worldwide distribution that is caused by theileria equi and babesia caballi. there are studies reporting the presence of equine piroplasmosis in turkey but the situation in erzurum is unknown. the aim of the current study was to determine the situation of equine piroplasmosis in jeered horses in erzurum. between april and august 2015, a total of 125 arabian horse were examined and blood samples were collected. at the time of sa ... | 2017 | 28030350 |
| prospective study investigating transplacental transmission of equine piroplasmosis in thoroughbred foals in trinidad. | equine piroplasmosis caused by theileria equi and babesia caballi is endemic in trinidad and tobago. transmission occurs by ticks of the family ixodidae. t. equi can also be transmitted transplacentally; however transplacental transmission of b. caballi is unknown. this study aims to investigate transplacental transmission of equine piroplasmosis from thoroughbred mares naturally infected via the tick vector. whole blood and serum samples were collected from 117 mares in the fifth month of pregn ... | 2016 | 27514898 |
| molecular detection of equine piroplasms in donkeys (equus asinus) in north khorasan province, iran. | equine piroplasmosis is a tickborne disease of equids with worldwide distribution, caused by theileria equi and babesia caballi. the aim of this study was molecular detection of t. equi and b. caballi in donkeys in northeastern iran and investigate the association between positivity of piroplasm infection and host-related factors. in the present study, blood samples were collected from 106 apparently healthy donkeys (equus asinus) in north khorasan province, iran. blood smears were prepared and ... | 2015 | 27175176 |
| molecular detection and prevalence of theileria equi and babesia caballi in horses of central balkan. | equine piroplasmosis is significant tick-borne disease with wide distribution. the prevalence of equine piroplasmosis in serbia, montenegro and bosnia and herzegovina is unknown. in aim to obtain a first insight into the prevalence we performed molecular epidemiological study which included 142 horses, on seven locations in these three countries. we first performed pcr for the detection of a 450bp long section of the 18s rrna of piroplasma-specific region. for all positive samples we have done m ... | 2016 | 27078657 |
| babesia caballi and theileria equi infections in horses in central-southern italy: sero-molecular survey and associated risk factors. | babesia caballi and theileria equi are tick-borne pathogens, etiological agents of equine piroplasmosis that affect different species of equidae causing relevantly important direct and indirect losses. a field study was conducted to evaluate the distribution of the equine piroplasms in an area of central-southern italy and to identify correlated risk factors. serum samples of 673 asymptomatic horses were collected during spring-summer of 2013 to estimate the seroprevalence of the parasites withi ... | 2016 | 26847198 |
| detection of babesia caballi and theileria equi in blood from equines from four indigenous communities in costa rica. | a cross-sectional study was carried out in four indigenous communities of costa rica to detect presence and prevalence of babesia caballi and theileria equi and to investigate factors associated with presence of these hemoparasites. general condition of horses (n = 285) was evaluated, and hematocrits and hemoglobin were determined from blood samples of 130 horses, which were also analyzed using blood smears, nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and immunosorbent assay (c-elisa). the general c ... | 2015 | 26649225 |
| diagnostic application of recombinant equine merozoite surface antigen-1 in elisa for detection of theileria equi specific antibodies. | theileria equi merozoite surface antigens have been an important candidate for development of diagnostics. we developed elisa based on ema-1 recombinant antigen, so as to widen our diagnostic confidence in detection of antibodies against t. equi in sero-surveillance studies. the 547 bp ema-1 gene fragment encoding high hydrophilic antigenic region was expressed with glutathione-s-transferase tag in prokaryotic system and purified protein (43 kda) was used for development of elisa (ema-1t/elisa). ... | 2015 | 26563032 |
| theileria equi and babesia caballi infection of equids in punjab, india: a serological and molecular survey. | a cross-sectional study was conducted in submountain undulating, undulating plain, western and western plain agro-climatic zones of punjab province, india, to determine the prevalence, agreement between diagnostic tests and associated related risk factors of theileria equi and babesia caballi infection in equids (horses, donkey, mules). an overall prevalence of 14.14 and 0.0% of t. equi and b. caballi was recorded by multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting 18s ribosomal rna (rrna) for both ... | 2016 | 26387094 |
| [a duplex pcr method for detection of babesia caballi and theileria equi]. | to develop a duplex pcr assay for detection of babesia caballi and theileria equi. | 2015 | 26245119 |
| a field survey for the seroprevalence of theileria equi and babesia caballi in donkeys from nuu division, kenya. | equine piroplasmosis is one of the most significant tick-borne disease of equids. the prevalence of this disease in donkeys of semi-arid kenya remains largely unexplored. the primary objective of this study was to demonstrate the extent to which donkeys in nuu division, kenya have been exposed to the haemoprotozoans babesia caballi and theileria equi, the causative agents of equine piroplasmosis. the study also assessed the effect of age and sex on seroprevalence. a stratified sampling approach ... | 2015 | 26072000 |
| clinical investigation on theileria equi and babesia caballi infections in italian donkeys. | interest in the welfare and diseases of donkeys is constantly increasing in several countries. despite this, clinical research into donkeys needs to be in continual development since they show different reactions compared to horses in many conditions, including infectious diseases, and need specific clinical and therapeutic approaches. no reports are currently available on clinical and clinical pathology data regarding donkeys with natural piroplasms infection. | 2015 | 25927984 |
| the geographic distribution and ecological preferences of the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis (say), in the u.s.a. | equine piroplasmosis (ep), caused by two parasitic organisms, theileria equi and babesia caballi, is a tick-borne disease of recent concern in horses in the u.s.a. outbreaks of ep have been detected in florida, missouri, kansas and texas. in 2009, ep transmission in texas occurred through the adults of two tick species, amblyomma mixtum [formerly known as amblyomma cajennense (fabricius, 1787)] koch (ixodida: ixodidae) and dermacentor variabilis (say) (ixodida: ixodidae), the american dog tick ( ... | 2015 | 25684582 |
| detection of theileria equi and babesia caballi using microscopic and molecular methods in horses in suburb of urmia, iran. | equine piroplasmosis is a severe disease of horses caused by the intra-erythrocyte protozoan, theileria equi and babesia caballi. the aim of this study was to identify equine piroplasmosis based on molecular and morphometrical features in horses in suburb of urmia, west azerbaijan province, iran. from april to september 2011, a total number of 240 blood samples were collected randomly from horses of 25 villages. the specimens were transferred to the laboratory and the blood smears stained with g ... | 2014 | 25568706 |
| vector ecology of equine piroplasmosis. | equine piroplasmosis is a disease of equidae, including horses, donkeys, mules, and zebras, caused by either of two protozoan parasites, theileria equi or babesia caballi. these parasites are biologically transmitted between hosts via tick vectors, and although they have inherent differences they are categorized together because they cause similar pathology and have similar morphologies, life cycles, and vector relationships. to complete their life cycle, these parasites must undergo a complex s ... | 2015 | 25564746 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors associated with babesia caballi and theileria equi infections in donkeys from southern italy. | equine piroplasmosis (ep) has been frequently described in donkeys in subtropical and tropical regions, but published data reflecting large scale surveys are very limited in europe. the seroprevalence of babesia caballi and theileria equi was determined in a donkey population from campania region in southern italy using a commercial indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat), and the risk factors associated with the occurrence of the infection were assessed. of 203 samples, the overall seropreval ... | 2014 | 25457263 |
| prevalence of theileria equi and babesia caballi as well as the identification of associated ticks in sympatric grevy's zebras (equus grevyi) and donkeys (equus africanus asinus) in northern kenya. | the role of equine piroplasmosis as a factor in the population decline of the grevy's zebra is not known. we determined the prevalence of babesia caballi and theileria equi in cograzing grevy's zebras (equus grevyi) and donkeys (equus africanus asinus) in northern kenya and identified the associated tick vectors. blood samples were taken from 71 donkeys and 16 grevy's zebras from march to may 2011. a nested pcr reaction using 18s ribosomal (r)rna primers on 87 blood spots showed 72% (51/71; 95% ... | 2015 | 25380362 |
| equine piroplasmosis. | equine piroplasmosis, caused by the parasites theileria equi and babesia caballi, is a globally important disease, affecting a large percentage of the world's horses. this article serves as a review of these divergent parasites. discussed are the clinical presentation of disease, diagnosis, and treatment. special attention is given to the current disease status specifically in north america. | 2014 | 25300637 |
| piroplasmosis in an endemic area: analysis of the risk factors and their implications in the control of theileriosis and babesiosis in horses. | theileria equi (laveran 1901) and babesia caballi (nuttall and strickland 1910) are the causative agents of equine piroplasmosis (ep), a severe and problematic disease compromising international movement of horses. infected horses usually become asymptomatic carriers and, for this reason, their movement across borders may become restricted. the aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of ep in southern france and to evaluate risk factors associated with these parasites. in 2002, we per ... | 2015 | 25280516 |
| seroprevalence of babesia caballi and theileria equi in five draught equine populated metropolises of punjab, pakistan. | equine piroplasmosis (ep) caused by intraerythrocytic parasites (theileria equi and babesia caballi) is an emerging equine disease of world-wide distribution. in pakistan, the prevalence and incidence of ep are unknown. in order to obtain the first insights into the prevalence of the disease, a total of 430 equids, including 33 mules, 65 horses and 332 donkeys, aging from ≤ 5 to ≥ 10 years of either sex, from five metropolises of punjab, pakistan, were serologically tested for the presence of an ... | 2014 | 24582524 |
| molecular and serological detection of theileria equi and babesia caballi infection in horses and ixodid ticks in iran. | equine piroplasmosis is a hemoprotozoan tick-borne disease with worldwide distribution that is caused by theileria equi and babesia caballi. however, the geographical distribution of equine piroplasmosis in iran is unknown. the aim of the current study was to determine the causative agents and vector ticks of equine piroplasmosis in horses in the north khorasan province. in the year 2011, 100 horses were randomly selected from 14 villages. blood samples and ixodid ticks were collected and examin ... | 2014 | 24556274 |
| epidemiological investigation of equine piroplasmosis in china by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. | the objective of this study is to investigate the seroprevalence of equine piroplasmosis in china. a total of 1990 sera were collected from clinically healthy horses in various districts located in ten different provinces of china and examined by using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) with recombinant theileria equi (t. equi) merozoite antigen 2 (rema-2) and babesia caballi (b. caballi) 48-kda rhoptry protein (rbc48), respectively. the results showed that 1,018 (51.16%) and 2 ... | 2014 | 24292247 |
| seroepidemiological survey of theileria equi and babesia caballi in horses from a rural and from urban areas of paraná state, southern brazil. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the seroepidemiological data of babesia caballi and theileria equi in horses from a rural settlement and carthorses from urban areas of paraná state, southern brazil. a total of 198 horses, including 32 from the rural settlement and 166 carthorses from colombo (n=48), pinhais (n=76), londrina (n=24), and curitiba city (n=18) was sampled and tested using a commercial competitive inhibition elisa (celisa) test. out of the 198 horses, 193 (97.5%) were ser ... | 2013 | 24209493 |
| development of ema-2 recombinant antigen based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for seroprevalence studies of theileria equi infection in indian equine population. | equine piroplasmosis is a tick-transmitted protozoan disease caused by theileria equi and/or babesia caballi. in the present study, we expressed a 53kda protein from the truncated ema-2 gene of t. equi (indian strain) and developed ema-2elisa using this expressed protein. this elisa is able to detect t. equi-specific antibodies in experimentally infected animals as early as 9 days post-infection. the assay developed was validated with the oie recommended competitive elisa (celisa) on 120 serum s ... | 2013 | 24070779 |
| review of equine piroplasmosis. | equine piroplasmosis is caused by one of 2 erythrocytic parasites babesia caballi or theileria equi. although the genus of the latter remains controversial, the most recent designation, theileria, is utilized in this review. shared pathogenesis includes tick-borne transmission and erythrolysis leading to anemia as the primary clinical outcome. although both parasites are able to persist indefinitely in their equid hosts, thus far, only b. caballi transmits across tick generations. pathogenesis f ... | 2016 | 24033559 |
| rapid detection and identification of theileria equi and babesia caballi by high-resolution melting (hrm) analysis. | the application of high-resolution melting (hrm) analysis in the differentiation between theileria equi and babesia caballi was evaluated using control samples from the united states department of agriculture and field samples collected from horses in sudan and china. a region of the 18s rrna gene, with four known nucleotide differences between the two parasites, was selected for primer design. hrm analysis successfully allowed the detection and differentiation of t. equi and b. caballi without ... | 2013 | 23990047 |
| infections by babesia caballi and theileria equi in jordanian equids: epidemiology and genetic diversity. | microscopic diagnosis of equine piroplasmoses, caused by theileria equi and babesia caballi, is hindered by low parasitaemia during the latent phase of the infections. however, this constraint can be overcome by the application of pcr followed by sequencing. out of 288 animals examined, the piroplasmid dna was detected in 78 (27·1%). multiplex pcr indicated that t. equi (18·8%) was more prevalent than b. caballi (7·3%), while mixed infections were conspicuously absent. sequences of 69 pcr amplic ... | 2013 | 23673249 |
| detection of theileria equi and babesia caballi infections in venezuelan horses using competitive-inhibition elisa and pcr. | the focus of this study was the detection of equine piroplasmosis in distrito capital, miranda, aragua, guárico and apure states from venezuela, using two methods: competitive-inhibition elisa and multiplex pcr and the analysis of the possible differences in occurrence in relation to the primary purpose of the horses, which is related to varied degrees of exposure to tick. antibody levels to babesia caballi and theileria equi were assessed in 694 equine serum samples using competitive-inhibition ... | 2013 | 23582233 |
| prevalence and genetic diversity of piroplasm species in horses and ticks from tunisia. | the genetic diversity and prevalence of babesia and theileria species in the equine population of tunisia were studied using reverse line blot (rlb) hybridization on blood samples and unfed adult ticks collected from apparently healthy horses from three bioclimatic zones in tunisia. piroplasms were identified in 13 of 104 of the horse blood samples analyzed (12.5%) and five genotype groups were identified: theileria equi group a (nine animals, 8.7%), group c (one animal, 1.0%) and group d (three ... | 2013 | 23542456 |
| prevalence and genetic diversity of equine piroplasms in tov province, mongolia. | equine piroplasmosis represents a serious problem in horse industry. although, researchers suggested the possible use of sub-unit vaccines to control equine piroplasmosis, the genetic diversity of vaccine candidate antigens was not properly investigated. in the present study, we screened 250 horses reared in three different districts of tov province, mongolia, for babesia caballi and theileria equi using elisa and nested pcr (npcr) assays. among these animals, piroplasms were detected in 128 (51 ... | 2013 | 23416256 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors associated with babesia caballi and theileria equi infection in equids. | a cross-sectional study was carried out on equids (horses, mules and donkeys) in andalusia, southern spain, to assess the level of exposure to equine piroplasmosis and to investigate risk factors associated with these infections. at least one animal seropositive for theileria equi and/or babesia caballi was detected in 222/380 (58.4%) herds sampled by competitive inhibition elisas. the seroprevalences for b. caballi and t. equi were 13.2% and 56.1%, respectively; there was serological evidence o ... | 2013 | 22784418 |
| seroprevalence study on theileria equi and babesia caballi antibodies in horses from central province of saudi arabia. | in total, 241 sera from clinically healthy adult horses were collected from 6 locations in saudi arabia and examined for theileria equi and babesia caballi antibodies by an indirect fluorescent antibody test. antibodies to theileria equi were detected in 25 horses (10.4%) while the antibodies to babesia caballi were observed in 18 horses (7.5%). in addition, 7 serum samples were positive for antibodies to both parasites (3%). the horses sampled in al-janadriah had the highest prevalence of infec ... | 2012 | 22489955 |
| prevalence of antibodies to theileria equi and babesia caballi in horses from northeastern mexico. | the objective of this study was to obtain an estimate for seroprevalences of theileria equi (babesia equi) and babesia caballi in horses from northeastern mexico. sera were collected in spring of 2007 in 248 clinically healthy horses used for different purposes. antibodies were detected by the indirect immunofluorecent technique. the overall seroprevalence was 61.7% and those for t. equi and b. caballi were 45.2% and 27.4%, respectively. horse purpose, sex, and age group were not associated with ... | 2012 | 22339765 |
| outbreak of equine piroplasmosis in florida. | a 7-year-old quarter horse gelding was hospitalized in ocala, fla, because of lethargy, fever, anorexia, and swelling of distal aspects of the limbs. a tentative diagnosis of equine piroplasmosis (ep) was made on the basis of examination of a blood smear. the case was reported to the florida state veterinarian, and infection with babesia equi was confirmed. the subsequent investigation included quarantine and testing of potentially exposed horses for b equi and babesia caballi infections, tick s ... | 2012 | 22332629 |
| prevalence and significance of parasites of horses in some states of northern nigeria. | this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and significance of parasites of horses in northern nigeria. blood and faecal samples were randomly collected from 243 horses from different stables in some states of northern nigeria for laboratory analyses. fifty-seven horses (23.5%) were found infected with parasites. the hemoparasites detected, 21 (8.6%), include theileria equi, babesia caballi, trypanosoma vivax and trypanosoma evansi. the endoparasites encountered, 29 (11.9%) were strong ... | 2012 | 24833991 |
| mitochondrial genome sequences and structures aid in the resolution of piroplasmida phylogeny. | the taxonomy of the order piroplasmida, which includes a number of clinically and economically relevant organisms, is a hotly debated topic amongst parasitologists. three genera (babesia, theileria, and cytauxzoon) are recognized based on parasite life cycle characteristics, but molecular phylogenetic analyses of 18s sequences have suggested the presence of five or more distinct piroplasmida lineages. despite these important advancements, a few studies have been unable to define the taxonomic re ... | 2016 | 27832128 |
| characterization of theileria equi genotypes in horses in israel, the palestinian authority and jordan. | equine theileriosis caused by theileria equi is endemic in the middle east, where it causes a severe disease as well as widespread subclinical infection. the aim of this study was to evaluate the diversity of t. equi genotypes in israel and the neighboring palestinian authority and jordan. blood samples from 355 horses from israel, the palestinian authority and jordan were tested for the prevalence of t. equi dna. two hundred and fourteen (60%) were found positive for t. equi infection by pcr. o ... | 2017 | 28286144 |
| natural infection of the south american tapir ( tapirus terrestris ) by theileria equi. | theileria equi is a tick-borne piroplasm considered endemic in equines in brazil. the cohabitation of domestic and wild animals in areas of extensive cattle breeding favors the close contact between different species and the sharing of vectors and, consequently, pathogens. we report the natural infection of a young south american tapir ( tapirus terrestris ) by t. equi in mato grosso do sul, brazil. although it was not possible to associate the clinical and hematologic status of the animal with ... | 2017 | 28151085 |
| oxidative stress and dna damage in horses naturally infected with theileria equi. | the aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of oxidative stress parameters and dna damage in horses infected by theileria equi. initial screening of 110 horses with duplex pcr enabled the selection of 30 infected horses with t. equi and 30 free of infection (control). specimens from the 60 horses were further analysed by determining the following oxidative stress parameters: extent of haemolysis (eh), plasma free haemoglobin (phb), catalase (cat), cu,zn superoxide dismutase (sod1), ... | 2016 | 27810201 |