Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| bovine tuberculosis in canadian wildlife: an updated history. | mycobacterium bovis infection in wild animals attracted little attention in canada until the disease was almost eliminated from domestic livestock. tuberculosis was endemic in plains bison and occurred in elk, moose, and mule deer in buffalo national park (bnp), alberta during the 1920s and 1930s. bison were moved from bnp to wood buffalo national park (wbnp), where tuberculosis became, and remains, endemic in bison, posing a risk to efforts to restore bison in northern canada. tuberculosis was ... | 2009 | 20119541 |
| cadmium in moose kidney and liver--age and gender dependency, and standardisation for environmental monitoring. | in the northern hemisphere moose has been found to be suitable as a monitoring animal for the presence of cadmium in the environment. the metal accumulates mainly in the kidney and the liver, with the rate of accumulation dependent on age and possibly also on gender. collection of tissue material often results in sample selections with disparate age and gender composition, which makes comparison between different regions and different studies difficult. a previous large scale investigation of me ... | 2009 | 18758976 |
| endovenous therapies of lower extremity varicosities: a meta-analysis. | minimally invasive techniques such as endovenous laser therapy, radiofrequency ablation, and ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy are widely used in the treatment of lower extremity varicosities. these therapies have not yet been compared with surgical ligation and stripping in large randomized clinical trials. | 2009 | 18692348 |
| maternal and fetal outcome in women with type 2 versus type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and metaanalysis. | glycemic disturbance is usually less severe in pregnant women with type 2 than in those with type 1 diabetes mellitus (dm). nevertheless, a worse perinatal outcome in women with type 2 dm has been reported in some studies. | 2009 | 19808847 |
| outcome of shoulder hemiarthroplasty in acute proximal humeral fractures: a frustrating meta-analysis experience. | limited evidence is available on the optimal treatment of complex fractures of the proximal humerus. no randomized prospective studies have compared hemiarthroplasty, open reduction internal fixation and/or conservative treatment. two systematic reviews are available but they do not include angle-stable plate osteosynthesis or third-generation prosthetic designs. we conducted a systematic review of studies published in the last 10 years. the moose guidelines were followed and we focused on funct ... | 2009 | 19774809 |
| periodontal diseases and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis of observational studies. | many studies have investigated the relationship between periodontal and cardiovascular diseases but their results are heterogeneous. meta-analyses were conducted to examine the association between exposure to periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases. | 2009 | 19774803 |
| exposure to chemicals and metals and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review. | environmental exposure to chemicals and metals may contribute to the risk of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als). two systematic reviews of the literature on these topics performed according to the well-established moose guidelines are presented. literature cited in medline, embase, cinahl, and cochrane databases (up to march 2007) as well as references of relevant articles were screened for case-control or cohort studies investigating the associations between sporadic als and exposure ... | 2009 | 19922117 |
| what we truly know about occupation as a risk factor for als: a critical and systematic review. | occupational and environmental exposures may contribute to the risk of developing sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als). to summarize the available evidence, a systematic review of the literature on occupation as a potential determinant of als was performed according to the moose guidelines. from medline, embase, cinahl, and cochrane databases, selected studies were methodologically appraised according to armon's classification system for als risk factor studies. each occupation studied w ... | 2009 | 19922116 |
| association between antioxidant vitamins and asthma outcome measures: systematic review and meta-analysis. | epidemiological studies suggest that dietary intake of vitamins a, c and e may be associated with the occurrence of asthma. a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with moose guidelines to determine whether vitamins a, c and e, measured as dietary intakes or serum levels, are associated with asthma. | 2009 | 19406861 |
| strega, strobe, stard, squire, moose, prisma, gnosis, trend, orion, coreq, quorom, remark... and consort: for whom does the guideline toll? | 2009 | 19181482 | |
| geographical variation in the influence of density dependence and climate on the recruitment of norwegian moose. | the effects of variation in climate on population dynamics are likely to differ within the distributional range of a species, yet the consequences of such regional variation on demography and population dynamics are rarely considered. here we examine how density dependence and different climate variables affect spatio-temporal variation in recruitment rates of norwegian moose using data collected over a large geographical area during the hunting season. after accounting for observation error by ... | 2009 | 19657678 |
| [meta-analysis on the correlation of cholecystectomy or cholecystolithiasis to risk of colorectal cancer in chinese population]. | it is reported that the incidence of colorectal cancer is higher in patients receiving cholecystectomy (che) than in those who did not. however, the correlation of che and cholecystolithiasis (cho) to colorectal cancer is unclear. this study was to investigate the correlation of che or cho to risk of colorectal cancer in chinese population. | 2009 | 19624904 |
| preterm birth and low birth weight among in vitro fertilization singletons: a systematic review and meta-analyses. | our objective was to determine the risks of preterm birth (ptb) and low birth weight (lbw) in singletons conceived through in vitro fertilization (ivf)+/-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (icsi) compared to spontaneously conceived singletons after matching or controlling for at least maternal age. the moose guidelines for meta-analysis of observational studies were followed. medline and embase were searched using comprehensive search strategies. bibliographies of identified articles were reviewed ... | 2009 | 19577836 |
| the roles of predator maturation delay and functional response in determining the periodicity of predator-prey cycles. | population cycles in small mammals have attracted the attention of several generations of theoretical and experimental biologists and continue to generate controversy. top-down and bottom-up trophic regulations are two recent competing hypotheses. the principal purpose of this paper is to explore the relative contributions of a variety of ecological factors to predator-prey population cycles. here we suggest that for some species - collared lemmings, snowshoe hares and moose in particular - matu ... | 2009 | 19563815 |
| management of bartholin duct cysts and abscesses: a systematic review. | to review systematically the literature, published in english, on recurrence and healing after treatment of bartholin duct cysts and abscesses. | 2009 | 19445813 |
| systematic reviews of adverse effects of drug interventions: a survey of their conduct and reporting quality. | there is a need for high quality evidence on the adverse effects of medical interventions to inform policy, practice and research. methods to systematically review adverse effects have not been fully developed. we aimed to assess the current methods and reporting used by such reviews. | 2009 | 19757414 |
| hunting with lead: association between blood lead levels and wild game consumption. | wild game hunting is a popular activity in many regions of the united states. recently, the presence of lead fragments in wild game meat, presumably from the bullets or shot used for hunting, has raised concerns about health risks from meat consumption. | 2009 | 19747676 |
| the effectiveness of hysteroscopy in improving pregnancy rates in subfertile women without other gynaecological symptoms: a systematic review. | although hysteroscopy is frequently used in the management of subfertile women, a systematic review of the evidence on this subject is lacking. | 2009 | 19744944 |
| schizophrenia and breast cancer incidence: a systematic review of clinical studies. | studies examining the incidence of breast cancer in schizophrenia patients report increased, reduced or similar incidence compared to the general population. we undertook a systematic review of published data to investigate possible reasons for the variable findings. | 2009 | 19695837 |
| wolves modulate soil nutrient heterogeneity and foliar nitrogen by configuring the distribution of ungulate carcasses. | mechanistic links between top terrestrial predators and biogeochemical processes remain poorly understood. here we demonstrate that large carnivores configure landscape heterogeneity through prey carcass distribution. a 50-year record composed of > 3600 moose carcasses from isle royale national park, michigan, usa, showed that wolves modulate heterogeneity in soil nutrients, soil microbes, and plant quality by clustering prey carcasses over space. despite being well utilized by predators, moose ... | 2009 | 19967871 |
| neurologic outcome of surgical and conservative treatment of rheumatoid cervical spine subluxation: a systematic review. | rheumatoid arthritis commonly involves the upper cervical spine and can cause significant neurologic morbidity and mortality. however, there is no consensus on the optimal timing for surgical intervention: whether surgery should be performed prophylactically or once neurologic deficits have become apparent. | 2009 | 19950322 |
| who uses sunbeds? a systematic literature review of risk groups in developed countries. | skin cancer is caused by ultraviolet radiation (uvr). indoor tanning is a totally avoidable risk behaviour. this review addresses the specific characteristics of sunbed users and the differences in motivation and risk perception compared with non-users. this review is based solely on empirical original articles. based on literature searches with widely used reference databases ('pubmed', 'ovid', 'social citation index', 'eric--educational resources information center', 'web of science' and the ' ... | 2010 | 20015180 |
| diagnostic delay broadly associated with more advanced stage oral cancer. | medline, embase, isi proceedings and the reference lists of relevant articles were used to find relevant studies. | 2010 | 20348897 |
| information from pharmaceutical companies and the quality, quantity, and cost of physicians' prescribing: a systematic review. | pharmaceutical companies spent $57.5 billion on pharmaceutical promotion in the united states in 2004. the industry claims that promotion provides scientific and educational information to physicians. while some evidence indicates that promotion may adversely influence prescribing, physicians hold a wide range of views about pharmaceutical promotion. the objective of this review is to examine the relationship between exposure to information from pharmaceutical companies and the quality, quantity ... | 2010 | 20976098 |
| association of physical activity level and stroke outcomes in men and women: a meta-analysis. | the protective effect of physical activity (pa) on risk of stroke remains controversial as a result of lack of insight into the sources of heterogeneity between studies. we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of studies to (1) quantify the association between pa level and risk of stroke outcomes and (2) test the hypothesis that the association of pa level with stroke outcomes will be similar between men and women. the outcome measures are stroke incidence, stroke mortality, or both. | 2010 | 20929415 |
| severity assessment tools for predicting mortality in hospitalised patients with community-acquired pneumonia. systematic review and meta-analysis. | international guidelines recommend a severity-based approach to management in community-acquired pneumonia. curb65, crb65 and the pneumonia severity index (psi) are the most widely recommended severity scores. the aim of this study was to compare the performance characteristics of these scores for predicting mortality in community-acquired pneumonia. | 2010 | 20729231 |
| summary of the aua guideline on management of primary vesicoureteral reflux in children. | the american urological association established the vesicoureteral reflux guideline update committee in july 2005 to update the management of primary vesicoureteral reflux in children guideline. the panel defined the task into 5 topics pertaining to specific vesicoureteral reflux management issues, which correspond to the management of 3 distinct index patients and the screening of 2 distinct index patients. this report summarizes the existing evidence pertaining to children with diagnosed reflu ... | 2010 | 20650499 |
| evolutionary adaptations of ruminants and their potential relevance for modern production systems. | comparative physiology applies methods established in domestic animal science to a wider variety of species. this can lead to improved insight into evolutionary adaptations of domestic animals, by putting domestic species into a broader context. examples include the variety of responses to seasonally fluctuating environments, different adaptations to heat and drought, and in particular adaptations to herbivory and various herbivore niches. herbivores generally face the challenge that a high food ... | 2010 | 22444604 |
| neuroml: a language for describing data driven models of neurons and networks with a high degree of biological detail. | biologically detailed single neuron and network models are important for understanding how ion channels, synapses and anatomical connectivity underlie the complex electrical behavior of the brain. while neuronal simulators such as neuron, genesis, moose, nest, and psics facilitate the development of these data-driven neuronal models, the specialized languages they employ are generally not interoperable, limiting model accessibility and preventing reuse of model components and cross-simulator val ... | 2010 | 20585541 |
| resource management cycles and the sustainability of harvested wildlife populations. | constant harvest policies for fish and wildlife populations can lead to population collapse in the face of stochastic variation in population growth rates. here, we show that weak compensatory response by resource users or managers to changing levels of resource abundance can readily induce harvest cycles that accentuate the risk of catastrophic population collapse. dynamic system models incorporating this mix of feedback predict that cycles or quasi-cycles with decadal periodicity should common ... | 2010 | 20466934 |
| pediatric vesicoureteral reflux guidelines panel summary report: clinical practice guidelines for screening siblings of children with vesicoureteral reflux and neonates/infants with prenatal hydronephrosis. | the american urological association established the vesicoureteral reflux guideline update committee in july 2005 to update the management of primary vesicoureteral reflux in children guideline. the panel defined the task into 5 topics pertaining to specific vesicoureteral reflux management issues, which correspond to the management of 3 distinct index patients and the screening of 2 distinct index patients. this report summarizes the existing evidence pertaining to screening of siblings and off ... | 2010 | 20650494 |
| systematic review and meta-analysis of steatosis as a risk factor in major hepatic resection. | the risk of major hepatic resection in patients with hepatic steatosis remains controversial. a meta-analysis was performed to establish the best estimate of the impact of steatosis on patient outcome following major hepatic surgery. | 2010 | 20641066 |
| run-time interoperability between neuronal network simulators based on the music framework. | music is a standard api allowing large scale neuron simulators to exchange data within a parallel computer during runtime. a pilot implementation of this api has been released as open source. we provide experiences from the implementation of music interfaces for two neuronal network simulators of different kinds, nest and moose. a multi-simulation of a cortico-striatal network model involving both simulators is performed, demonstrating how music can promote inter-operability between models writt ... | 2010 | 20195795 |
| conception date affects litter type and foetal sex ratio in female moose in estonia. | 1. the trivers-willard model of optimal sex ratios predicts that in polygynous species mothers in better condition should produce more male than female offspring. however, empirical support for this hypothesis in mammals and especially ungulates has been equivocal. this may be because the fitness of mothers has been defined in different ways, reflecting morphological, physiological or behavioural measures of condition. in addition, factors other than maternal condition can influence a mother's f ... | 2010 | 19682139 |
| preterm birth and low birth weight among in vitro fertilization twins: a systematic review and meta-analyses. | the objective of this systematic review and meta-analyses was to determine the risks of preterm birth (ptb) and low birth weight (lbw) in twins conceived through in vitro fertilization (ivf) or ivf/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (icsi) compared to spontaneously-conceived twins after matching or controlling for at least maternal age. | 2010 | 19833428 |
| consorting with a quorom of mooses: the standards movement in scientific reporting. | 2010 | 20025016 | |
| parasitism of the deer ked, lipoptena cervi, on the moose, alces alces, in eastern finland. | the deer ked, lipoptena cervi l. (diptera: hippoboscidae), is an ectoparasitic fly that spread to finland in the early 1960s from the southeast across the soviet border. it is currently a common parasite of the moose, alces alces (artiodactyla: cervidae), in the southern part of the country and its area of distribution is gradually spreading to finnish lapland, where it will come into contact with another potential cervid host, the semi-domesticated reindeer, rangifer tarandus tarandus. the aim ... | 2010 | 20868432 |
| molecular characterization of five sarcocystis species in red deer ( cervus elaphus), including sarcocystis hjorti n. sp., reveals that these species are not intermediate host specific. | muscle tissue from 37 red deer from norway was examined for sarcocysts. sarcocysts from 2 reindeer were obtained for comparative studies. cysts were excised and morphologically classified by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dna sequence analysis. five sarcocystis species, sarcocystis hjorti n. sp., sarcocystis hardangeri, sarcocystis ovalis, sarcocystis rangiferi, and sarcocystis tarandi, were found. all 5 species have previously been identified from either reindeer or moose b ... | 2010 | 19961651 |
| from mouse to moose: multilocus genotyping of giardia isolates from various animal species. | giardia intestinalis is a protozoan parasite that consists of seven genetically distinct assemblages (a to g). assemblage a and b parasites have been detected in a wide range of animals including humans, while the other assemblages (c to g) appear to have a narrower host range. however, the knowledge about zoonotic transmission of g. intestinalis is limited. to address this question, 114 giardia isolates from various animals in sweden including pets, livestock, wildlife and captive non-human pri ... | 2010 | 19969422 |
| climate change promotes the emergence of serious disease outbreaks of filarioid nematodes. | filarioid parasites represent major health hazards with important medical, veterinary, and economic implications, and considerable potential to affect the everyday lives of tens of millions of people globally (world health organization, 2007). scenarios for climate change vary latitudinally and regionally and involve direct and indirect linkages for increasing temperature and the dissemination, amplification, and invasiveness of vector-borne parasites. high latitude regions are especially influe ... | 2010 | 20422252 |
| differential passage of fluids and different-sized particles in fistulated oxen (bos primigenius f. taurus), muskoxen (ovibos moschatus), reindeer (rangifer tarandus) and moose (alces alces): rumen particle size discrimination is independent from contents stratification. | ruminant species differ in the degree that their rumen contents are stratified but are similar insofar that only very fine particles are passed from the forestomach to the lower digestive tract. we investigated the passage kinetics of fluid and particle markers (2, 10 and 20 mm) in fistulated cattle (bos primigenius f. taurus), muskoxen (ovibos moschatus), reindeer (rangifer tarandus) and moose (alces alces) on different diets. the distribution of dry matter in the rumen and the viscosity of rum ... | 2010 | 19896552 |
| non-invasive measurement of thyroid hormone in feces of a diverse array of avian and mammalian species. | we developed and validated a non-invasive thyroid hormone measure in feces of a diverse array of birds and mammals. an i(131) radiolabel ingestion study in domestic dogs coupled with high pressure liquid chromatography (hplc) analysis, showed that peak excretion in feces occurred at 24-48h post-ingestion, with i(131)-labelled thyroid hormone metabolites excreted primarily as triiodothyronine (t3) and relatively little thyroxine (t4), at all excretion times examined. the immunoreactive t3 profile ... | 2010 | 20412809 |
| experiments on the ectoparasitic deer ked that often attacks humans; preferences for body parts, colour and temperature. | the deer ked (lipoptena cervi) can fail in its host search. host search fails when an individual deer ked irreversibly accepts a host unsuitable for its reproduction (e.g. a human) and drops its wings. in northern europe, the main host of the deer ked is the moose (alces alces). the deer ked is increasingly causing serious problems for humans (for example, causing deer ked dermatitis) and is considered a threat for the recreational use of forests. the adult deer ked flies in early and mid-autumn ... | 2010 | 19698197 |
| corvid birds (corvidae) act as definitive hosts for sarcocystis ovalis in moose (alces alces). | epidemiological data and a unique phylogenetic position had suggested that sarcocystis ovalis in moose and red deer might use a definitive host other than canids, felids, or humans. corvid birds and rats were therefore evaluated as potential definitive hosts for this species in a small pilot study. four laboratory rats were each inoculated with 10 or 25 sarcocysts of s. ovalis isolated from moose, but no sarcocystis oocysts were detected in their intestinal mucosa upon euthanasia 2 to 3 weeks la ... | 2010 | 20697910 |
| influence of forage preferences and habitat use on 13c and 15n abundance in wild caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) and moose (alces alces) from canada. | stable isotope composition (delta(13)c and delta(15)n) of moose (alces alces) and caribou (rangifer tarandus) hair from the boreal forest of jacques-cartier park and cote-nord (quebec) and arctic tundra of queen maud gulf and southampton island (nunavut) was investigated as an indicator of dietary preferences and habitat use. values of delta(13)c(hair) and delta(15)n(hair) in moose were consistently lower compared to those of caribou. this is consistent with the depletion in (13)c and (15)n in t ... | 2010 | 20229388 |
| toxoplasma gondii in wild cervids and sheep in finland: north-south gradient in seroprevalence. | a nationwide seroepidemiological study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in selected wild and domestic ruminants in finland. serum samples from 1367 game cervids collected during the hunting season in 2008-2009 and 1940 sheep sera collected in 2008 were screened with a commercial direct agglutination test at a serum dilution of 1:40. t. gondii-specific igg antibodies were detected in 116 (9.6%) of 1215 moose (european elk, alces alces), 36 (26.7%) of 135 white-tailed ... | 2010 | 20434266 |
| forage quantity, quality and depletion as scale-dependent mechanisms driving habitat selection of a large browsing herbivore. | 1. mechanisms that affect the spatial distribution of animals are typically scale-dependent and may involve forage distribution. forage quality and quantity are often inversely correlated and a much discussed trade-off is whether or not to select for high-quality forage at the expense of forage abundance. this discussion has rarely involved scale-dependence or been applied to northern browsing herbivores. at small spatial scales, browsers are assumed to select for the best quality forage. but, a ... | 2010 | 20443990 |
| the red fox (vulpes vulpes) and the arctic fox (vulpes lagopus) are definitive hosts of sarcocystis alces and sarcocystis hjorti from moose (alces alces). | the aim of this study was to determine whether foxes might act as definitive hosts of sarcocystis alces in moose. in 2 experiments, 6 silver foxes (vulpes vulpes) and 6 blue foxes (vulpes lagopus) were fed muscle tissue from moose containing numerous sarcocysts of s. alces, and euthanazed 7-28 days post-infection (p.i.). intestinal mucosal scrapings and faecal samples were screened microscopically for sarcocystis oocysts/sporocysts, which were identified to species by means of species-specific p ... | 2010 | 20500918 |
| chronic wasting disease prions are not transmissible to transgenic mice overexpressing human prion protein. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a prion disease that affects free-ranging and captive cervids, including mule deer, white-tailed deer, rocky mountain elk and moose. cwd-infected cervids have been reported in 14 usa states, two canadian provinces and in south korea. the possibility of a zoonotic transmission of cwd prions via diet is of particular concern in north america where hunting of cervids is a popular sport. to investigate the potential public health risks posed by cwd prions, we have in ... | 2010 | 20610667 |
| measured elemental transfer factors for boreal hunter/gatherer scenarios: fish, game and berries. | the environmental assessment of long-term nuclear waste management requires data to estimate food chain transfers for radionuclides in various environmental settings. for key elements such as iodine (i) and chlorine (cl), there is a paucity of transfer factor data, particularly outside of agricultural food chains. this study dealt with transfers of i, cl and 28 other elements to foods that would be typical of boreal hunter/gatherer lifestyles, as well as being common foods for modern recreationa ... | 2010 | 20619514 |
| neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii antibody prevalence in alaska wildlife. | free-ranging caribou and moose populations in some regions of alaska undergo periodic declines in numbers. caribou and moose are managed by the state as valuable resources for not only sustenance and subsistence, but also for cultural heritage. incidence and prevalence of diseases that may impact herd health and recruitment from year to year are relevant to management decisions aimed to protect the long-term viability of these herds. neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii are two apicomplexan pa ... | 2010 | 20688628 |
| deep mitochondrial dna lineage divergences within alberta populations of dermacentor albipictus (acari: ixodidae) do not indicate distinct species. | the winter tick dermacentor albipictus (packard) has a single-host life cycle that allows it to reach severe infestation levels on ungulates, particularly moose. genotypic variation within these and related ticks has been a source of taxonomic confusion, although the continuity in their morphology and life history has generally been interpreted as indicating the existence of a single species. to further investigate this variation, we sequenced regions of two mitochondrial dna (mtdna) genes (coi ... | 2010 | 20695271 |
| northward invasion of the parasitic deer ked ( lipoptena cervi), is there geographical variation in pupal size and development duration? | the deer ked (lipoptena cervi) is a common ectoparasite of cervids. during the last decades the species has rapidly invaded in northern europe, especially in finland, towards the north and increased its prevalence on the moose population. consequently, during this rapid invasion the deer ked has faced more severe climatic conditions. we studied whether pupal size (measured as pupal weight) and pupal development duration of the deer ked varies along historical invasion zones and temperature zones ... | 2010 | 20880422 |
| association analysis of prnp gene region with chronic wasting disease in rocky mountain elk. | abstract: | 2010 | 21087518 |
| the effect of size and density on the mean retention time of particles in the reticulorumen of cattle ( bos primigenius f. taurus), muskoxen ( ovibos moschatus) and moose ( alces alces). | particle passage from the reticulorumen (rr) depends on particle density and size. forage particle density and size are related and change over time in the rr. particle density mainly influences sorting in the reticulum, whereas particle size influences particle retention in the fibre mat of stratified rumen contents ('filter-bed' effect). we investigated these effects independently, by inserting plastic particles of different sizes (1, 10 and 20 mm) and densities (1·03, 1·20 and 1·44 mg/ml) in ... | 2010 | 21144130 |
| prevalence of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in moose (alces alces) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus) in sweden. | toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum are two coccidian parasites with a worldwide distribution. t. gondii is one of the more common parasitic zoonoses in the world and in young children and immunocompromised persons, infection can lead to severe disease and death. n. caninum is an important cause of abortions in cattle. wildlife have been identified as reservoirs and transmitters for both parasites. the purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalences of t. gondii, and n. caninum i ... | 2010 | 21232869 |
| telemetered heart rate as an index of energy expenditure in moose (alces alces). | metabolic rate, heart rate and respiratory rate of three adult moose were monitored simultaneously on selected days between january 1982 and october 1983. heart rate was successfully monitored using two types of implanted radio transmitters. metabolic rate was significantly (p less than 0.001) correlated with heart rate for individual animals (r = 0.94-0.98). the relationship was best described by an exponential equation. a mean weighted equation predicted metabolic rate within 9% of individual ... | 2010 | 2864197 |
| organization of the chemosensory neuroepithelium of the vomeronasal organ of the scandinavian moose alces alces. | a functional vomeronasal organ is present in most land-living vertebrates, but not in all. studies in a limited number of mammals have shown that stimulation of the vomeronasal neurons by odorous cues from conspecifics can lead to changes in innate behaviors in association to e.g. mating and aggression. given the role of the organ in detecting odorous molecules important for species-specific communication, investigations of the structure of the vomeronasal organ within the mammalian group are wa ... | 2010 | 19833105 |
| ecology of arthritis. | osteoarthritis (oa) is a widespread degenerative disease of skeletal joints and is often associated with senescence in vertebrates. oa commonly results from excessive or abnormal mechanical loading of weight-bearing joints ('wear-and-tear'), arising from heavy long-term use or specific injuries; yet, in the absence of injury, the aetiology of oa remains obscure. we show that poor nutritional conditions experienced by moose (alces alces) early in life are linked to greater prevalence of oa during ... | 2010 | 20618843 |
| road and rail side vegetation management implications of habitat use by moose relative to brush cutting season. | plants cut at different times produce resprouts that vary in their nutritional value relative to when they are cut. to determine how vegetation management in transportation (road and rail) corridors at different times of the year could influence browse quality in the years following cutting, and how this could potentially influence encounters between herbivores and vehicles, we undertook a 3-year study. in 2001, at a wildlife viewing area near prince george, british columbia, canada, we establis ... | 2010 | 20473783 |
| pathogenesis of chronic wasting disease in cervidized transgenic mice. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a fatal, endemic prion disease of wild and captive cervids, including deer, elk, and moose. typical of prion diseases, cwd is characterized by the conversion of the native, protease-sensitive protein prp(c) to a protease-resistant isoform, denoted as prp(res). here we have studied the expression of cervid prp(c) and the pathogenesis of cwd infection in transgenic mice expressing the normal cervid prion protein (tg[cerprp] mice). using tissue-based in situ immunoh ... | 2010 | 20395435 |
| a model-driven approach to quantify migration patterns: individual, regional and yearly differences. | 1. animal migration has long intrigued scientists and wildlife managers alike, yet migratory species face increasing challenges because of habitat fragmentation, climate change and over-exploitation. central to the understanding migratory species is the objective discrimination between migratory and nonmigratory individuals in a given population, quantifying the timing, duration and distance of migration and the ability to predict migratory movements. 2. here, we propose a uniform statistical fr ... | 2011 | 21105872 |
| microanatomy of the moose temporomandibular joint (alces alces; linnaeus, 1758). | temporomandibular joint (tmj) histology was investigated in 8 female scandinavian moose. 5 were 1-year-old with a carcass weight (cw) of 125-140 kg, and 3 were 2-years-old (160-175 kg cw). the condylar articular surface consisted of a connective tissue lining with parallel collagen fibres. numerous blood vessels were observed adjacent to the joint chamber. below the fibrous layer, a proliferative cellular zone of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells was situated. these cells differentiated into ch ... | 2011 | 9021330 |
| winter body condition of moose (alces alces) in a declining population in northeastern minnesota. | assessments of the condition of moose (alces alces) may be particularly informative to understanding the dynamics of populations and other influential factors. during february-march 2003 to 2005, we assessed the nutritional condition of 79 moose (39 females, 40 males) in northeastern minnesota by body condition scoring (bcs(f), scale of 0-10); 67 of these by were assessed by ultrasonographic measurements of rump fat (maxfat), which was used to estimate ingesta-free body fat (ifbf) in all but two ... | 2011 | 21269994 |
| the occurrence and morphology of a lateral metatarsal splint bone in moose (alces alces). | moose (alces alces) appear to be different from most other cervids in that a well-developed metatarsal splint bone is present. it is found apposed to the plantolateral portion of the cannon bone in over 70 % of adults. it averages 3.3 mm in width and extends about 22% of the total length of the metatarsal. it may be derived through calcification of connective tissue or by elongation of the vestigial metatarsal v. | 2011 | 21234996 |
| patterns and causes of demographic variation in a harvested moose population: evidence for the effects of climate and density-dependent drivers. | 1. better understanding of the mechanisms affecting demographic variation in ungulate populations is needed to support sustainable management of harvested populations. while studies of moose alces alces l. populations have previously explored temporal variation in demographic processes, managers responsible for populations that span large heterogeneous landscapes would benefit from an understanding of how demography varies across biogeographical gradients in climate and other population drivers. ... | 2011 | 21668892 |
| what determines variation in home range size across spatiotemporal scales in a large browsing herbivore? | 1. most studies of intraspecific variation in home range size have investigated only a single or a few factors and often at one specific scale. however, considering multiple spatial and temporal scales when defining a home range is important as mechanisms that affect variation in home range size may differ depending on the scale under investigation. 2. we aim to quantify the relative effect of various individual, forage and climatic determinants of variation in home range size across multiple sp ... | 2011 | 21388373 |
| vole preference of bilberry along gradients of simulated moose density and site productivity. | browsing by large herbivores might either increase or decrease preference for the plant by other herbivores, depending on the plant response. using a cafeteria test, we studied the preference by root voles (microtus oeconomus [pallas, 1776]) for bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) previously subjected to 4 levels of simulated moose (alces alces [linnaeus, 1758]) density. the different levels of moose density were simulated at population densities relevant for fennoscandian conditions, in exclosure ... | 2011 | 22182326 |
| chemical and structural composition of atlantic canadian moose (alces alces) incisors with patterns of high breakage. | analysis of mammalian teeth can provide information regarding local environmental conditions. for example, a high incidence of breakage and wear within a population may indicate poor food quality. individuals consuming a diet causing high mechanical stress on their teeth, and/or lacking the appropriate minerals for proper development, could experience degradation of tooth condition. previously, we documented a high rate of incisor tooth breakage, with age, in two genetically distinct moose popul ... | 2011 | 21945187 |
| a comparative study of hepatic trace element levels in wild moose, roe deer, and reindeer from norway. | liver samples from 422 wild moose (alces alces), 280 roe deer (capreolus capreolus), and 73 reindeer (rangifer tarandus) collected by hunters in various localities in norway, 2002-2003, were analyzed for the essential trace elements cobalt, copper (cu), manganese (mn), molybdenum, selenium (se), and zinc. significant differences in hepatic concentrations among species were found for all elements except for mn, and considerable individual and geographic variations were seen. roe deer had statisti ... | 2011 | 21719831 |
| experimental interspecies transmission studies of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies to cattle: comparison to bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle. | prion diseases or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tses) of animals include scrapie of sheep and goats; transmissible mink encephalopathy (tme); chronic wasting disease (cwd) of deer, elk and moose; and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) of cattle. the emergence of bse and its spread to human beings in the form of variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease (vcjd) resulted in interest in susceptibility of cattle to cwd, tme and scrapie. experimental cross-species transmission of tse agents p ... | 2011 | 21908269 |
| Bush Animal Attacks: Management of complex injuries in a resource-limited setting. | ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Though animal-related injuries and fatalities have been documented throughout the world, the variety of attacks by wild animals native to rural East Africa are less commonly described. Given the proximity of our northwestern Tanzania hospital to Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika, and the Serengeti National Park, and presentation of several patients attacked by bush animals and suffering a variety of complex injuries, we sought to report the pattern of attacks and surgical ... | 2011 | 22189007 |
| Animal-Related Fatalities-Part I: Characteristic Autopsy Findings and Variable Causes of Death Associated with Blunt and Sharp Trauma. | Animals may be responsible for an array of potentially lethal injuries. Blunt force injuries characteristically involve larger animals such as cattle or horses that may kick, crush, or trample a victim causing head and facial injuries. Farm workers in particular are at high risk of lethal injuries involving the head and torso. Significant blunt trauma may be found in vehicle occupants after collisions with large animals such as camels or moose. Rarely, zookeepers may be crushed by particularly ... | 2011 | 21981339 |
| unintentional firearm hunting deaths in sweden. | this study examined all unintentional firearm fatalities while hunting that occurred in sweden between 1983 through 2008. the circumstances as well as the impact of the hunter's exam on fatality frequency were analysed. during these 26 years, there were 48 such fatalities, representing 53% of all (n=90) unintentional firearm deaths during the same period. the average annual number of fatalities decreased over the last few decades. very restrictive firearm legislation in sweden combined with the ... | 2011 | 21908112 |
| predicting the potential demographic impact of predators on their prey: a comparative analysis of two carnivore-ungulate systems in scandinavia. | 1. understanding the role of predation in shaping the dynamics of animal communities is a fundamental issue in ecological research. nevertheless, the complex nature of predator-prey interactions often prevents researchers from modelling them explicitly. 2. by using periodic leslie-usher matrices and a simulation approach together with parameters obtained from long-term field projects, we reconstructed the underlying mechanisms of predator-prey demographic interactions and compared the dynamics o ... | 2011 | 22077484 |
| taenia arctos n. sp. (cestoda: cyclophyllidea: taeniidae) from its definitive (brown bear ursus arctos linnaeus) and intermediate (moose/elk alces spp.) hosts. | taenia arctos n. sp. (cestoda: cyclophyllidea: taeniidae) is described from the brown bear ursus arctos linnaeus (definitive host) and moose/elk alces spp. (intermediate hosts) from finland (type-locality) and alaska, usa. the independent status of the new species and the conspecificity of its adults and metacestodes have been recently confirmed by the mtdna sequence data of lavikainen et al. (2011; parasitology international, 60, 289-295). special reference is given to morphological differences ... | 2011 | 22002024 |
| historic, pre-european settlement, and present-day contribution of wild ruminants to enteric methane emissions in the united states. | the objectives of this analysis were to estimated historic (pre-european settlement) enteric methane (ch(4)) emissions from wild ruminants in the contiguous united states and compare these to present-day ch(4) emissions from farmed ruminants. the analysis included bison, elk (wapiti), and deer (white-tailed and mule). wild ruminants such as moose, antelope (pronghorn), caribou, and mountain sheep and goat were not included in the analysis due to their natural range being mostly outside of the co ... | 2011 | 22178852 |
| Morphological and molecular characterization and phylogenetic placement of Sarcocystis capreolicanis and Sarcocystis silva n. sp. from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Norway. | Sarcocysts were isolated from the muscle tissue of three roe deer from southeastern Norway and examined by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and/or sequencing of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (ssu rRNA) gene. By light microscopy, four sarcocyst types were found, including those of Sarcocystis gracilis and Sarcocystis oviformis, which had been characterized previously. The third cyst type had about 10 µm long, flexible, hair-like surface protrusions, consistent with those of Sarcoc ... | 2011 | 21853224 |
| what data are available on the extent of illicit drug use and dependence globally? results of four systematic reviews. | background: we systematically reviewed availability and quality of data on the prevalence of use and dependence on meth/amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioids. methods: multiple search strategies: (a) peer-reviewed literature searches (1990-2008) using methods recommended by the meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (moose) group; (b) systematic searches of online databases; (c) internet searches to find other published evidence of drug use; (d) repeated consultation and fee ... | 2011 | 21377813 |
| an analytical platform for cumulative impact assessment based on multiple futures: the impact of petroleum drilling and forest harvesting on moose (alces alces) and marten (martes americana) habitats in northeastern british columbia. | the combined influence on the environment of all projects occurring in a single area is evaluated through cumulative impact assessments (cia), which consider the consequences of multiple projects, each insignificant on its own, yet important when evaluated collectively. traditionally, future human activities are included in cia using an analytical platform, commonly based on complex models that supply precise predictions but with reduced accuracy. to compensate for the lack of accuracy in curren ... | 2011 | 21396768 |
| experimental infection of the deer ked (lipoptena cervi) has no negative effects on the physiology of the captive reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | the deer ked (lipoptena cervi) is a haematophagous parasitic fly of cervids that spread to finland in the early 1960's. presently its northern distribution limit lies at approximately 65°n and it is gradually spreading northwards. in finland the principal host species has been the moose (alces alces), but the deer ked is about to establish contact with another potential host, the semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) causing possible threats to reindeer health and management. t ... | 2011 | 21439734 |
| fate of prions in soil: a review. | prions are the etiological agents of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tsses), a class of fatal neurodegenerative diseases affecting humans and other mammals. the pathogenic prion protein is a misfolded form of the host-encoded prion protein and represents the predominant, if not sole, component of the infectious agent. environmental routes of tse transmission areimplicated in epizootics of sheep scrapie and chronic wasting disease (cwd) of deer, elk, and moose. soil represents a plausi ... | 2011 | 21520752 |
| molecular identification of taenia spp. in wolves (canis lupus), brown bears (ursus arctos) and cervids from north europe and alaska. | taenia tapeworms of finnish and swedish wolves (canis lupus) and finnish brown bears (ursus arctos), and muscle cysticerci of svalbard reindeer (rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus), alaskan grant's caribou (rangifer tarandus granti) and alaskan moose (alces americanus) were identified on the basis of the nucleotide sequence of a 396bp region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene. two species were found from wolves: taenia hydatigena and taenia krabbei. the cysticerci of reindeer, ... | 2011 | 21571090 |
| chronic wasting disease. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a prion disease of free-ranging and farmed ungulates (deer, elk, and moose) in north america and south korea. first described by the late e.s. williams and colleagues in northern colorado and southern wyoming in the 1970s, cwd has increased tremendously both in numerical and geographical distribution, reaching prevalence rates as high as 50% in free-ranging and >90% in captive deer herds in certain areas of usa and canada. cwd is certainly the most contagious pri ... | 2011 | 21598099 |
| summer movements, predation and habitat use of wolves in human modified boreal forests. | grey wolves (canis lupus), formerly extirpated in finland, have recolonized a boreal forest environment that has been significantly altered by humans, becoming a patchwork of managed forests and clearcuts crisscrossed by roads, power lines, and railways. little is known about how the wolves utilize this impacted ecosystem, especially during the pup-rearing summer months. we tracked two wolves instrumented with gps collars transmitting at 30-min intervals during two summers in eastern finland, vi ... | 2011 | 21207232 |
| modeling routes of chronic wasting disease transmission: environmental prion persistence promotes deer population decline and extinction. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a fatal disease of deer, elk, and moose transmitted through direct, animal-to-animal contact, and indirectly, via environmental contamination. considerable attention has been paid to modeling direct transmission, but despite the fact that cwd prions can remain infectious in the environment for years, relatively little information exists about the potential effects of indirect transmission on cwd dynamics. in the present study, we use simulation models to demonstr ... | 2011 | 21603638 |
| chronic wasting disease prion trafficking via the autonomic nervous system. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a fatal spongiform encephalopathy that is efficiently transmitted among members of the mammalian family cervidae, including deer, elk, and moose. typical of prion diseases, cwd is characterized by the conversion of the native protease-sensitive protein prp(c) to a protease-resistant isoform, denoted prp(res). in native species, spread of the disease likely results from the ingestion of prion-containing excreta, including urine, saliva, or feces. although cervid p ... | 2011 | 21777560 |
| bone graft substitutes in hip revision surgery: a comprehensive overview. | introduction: total hip replacement is increasingly used to treat diseased and damaged joints. with time, some joint replacements may require revision, mainly because of instability and mechanical loosening, and this is of particularly significance to younger patients. a major problem in revision surgery is the loss of bone stock and the consequent difficulty in reconstructing a stable joint. loss of bone stock has been widely treated using bone autografts and allografts but supplies are limited ... | 2011 | 21752368 |
| hair-loss epizootic in moose (alces alces) associated with massive deer ked (lipoptena cervi) infestation. | deer keds (lipoptena cervi) are blood-sucking flies in the family hippoboscidae; moose (alces alces) are their main host in scandinavia. there are no detailed reports of the negative impacts of deer keds on moose. in 2006 and 2007, hunters in southeastern norway and midwestern sweden found several moose cadavers with severe alopecia; numerous moose had extensive hair loss. between february 2006 and june 2007, materials from 23 moose were submitted for laboratory examination and large numbers of ... | 2011 | 22102660 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi in ixodes ricinus ticks collected from moose (alces alces) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus) in southern norway. | as part of a larger survey, ears from 18 roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and 52 moose (alces alces) shot in the 2 southernmost counties in norway were collected and examined for ixodes ricinus ticks. seventy-two adult ticks, 595 nymphs, and 267 larvae from the roe deer, and 182 adult ticks, 433 nymphs, and 70 larvae from the moose were investigated for infection with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.). the results showed the presence of b. burgdorferi s.l. dna in 2.9% of the nymphs collected ... | 2011 | 21771543 |
| geographical variation in host use of a blood-feeding ectoparasitic fly: implications for population invasiveness. | invasive generalist ectoparasites provide a tool to study factors affecting expansion rates. an increase in the number of host species may facilitate geographic range expansion by increasing the number of suitable habitats and by affecting local extinction and colonization rates. a geographic perspective on parasite host specificity and its implications on range expansion are, however, insufficiently understood. we conducted a field study to explore if divergent host specificity could explain th ... | 2011 | 21390490 |
| hammondia triffittae n. comb. of foxes ( vulpes spp.): biological and molecular characteristics and differentiation from hammondia heydorni of dogs. | genomic dnas from 3 oocyst isolates of hammondia sp. from foxes (vulpes vulpes and v. lagopus) and 1 oocyst isolate of hammondia heydorni from a dog, were examined by pcr and sequence analysis of 6 loci in order to determine whether the isolates were conspecific. consistent genetic differences were found between the fox and dog isolates, respectively, at the its-2 region, the lsu rrna gene, the alpha tubulin gene and the hsp70 gene, but not at the ssu rrna gene or its-1 locus. infection experime ... | 2011 | 20854709 |
| Composition of milk from minor dairy animals and buffalo breeds: a biodiversity perspective. | A comprehensive review is presented of the nutrient composition for buffalo, mare, and dromedary camel milks at the level of breed, and species-level data for yak, mithun, musk ox, donkey, Bactrian camel, llama, alpaca, reindeer and moose milks. Average values of nutrients were calculated and compared. Interspecies values (g 100 g(-1) ) were 0.7-16.1 for total fat, 1.6-10.5 for protein, 2.6-6.6 for lactose, and 67.9-90.8 for water. Reindeer and moose milks had the highest fat and protein concent ... | 2011 | 22083874 |
| are pediatric open access journals promoting good publication practice? an analysis of author instructions. | several studies analyzed whether conventional journals in general medicine or specialties such as pediatrics endorse recommendations aiming to improve publication practice. despite evidence showing benefits of these recommendations, the proportion of endorsing journals has been moderate to low and varied considerably for different recommendations. about half of pediatric journals indexed in the journal citation report referred to the uniform requirements for manuscripts of the international comm ... | 2011 | 21477335 |
| does smoking protect against osteoarthritis? meta-analysis of observational studies. | to determine whether smoking is protective against the development of osteoarthritis (oa). | 2011 | 21474488 |
| solute and particle retention in the digestive tract of the phillip's dikdik (madoqua saltiana phillipsi), a very small browsing ruminant: biological and methodological implications. | morphological characteristics of the forestomach, as well as reports of a natural diet that mostly excludes monocots, suggest that dikdiks (madoqua spp.), among smallest extant ruminants, should have a 'moose-type' forestomach physiology characterised by a low degree of selective particle retention. we tested this assumption in a series of feeding experiments with 12 adult phillip's dikdiks (madoqua saltiana phillipsi) on three different intake levels per animal, using cobalt-edta as a solute ma ... | 2011 | 21457785 |
| maternal underweight and the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight: a systematic review and meta-analyses. | despite the current obesity epidemic, maternal underweight remains a common occurrence with potential adverse perinatal outcomes. our objective was to determine the relationship between maternal underweight and preterm birth (ptb) and low birth weight (lbw) in singleton pregnancies in developing and developed countries. | 2011 | 21097954 |
| mortality among regular or dependent users of heroin and other opioids: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. | to review the literature on mortality among dependent or regular users of opioids across regions, according to specific causes, and related to a number of demographic and clinical variables. | 2011 | 21054613 |
| association between domestic mould and mould components, and asthma and allergy in children: a systematic review. | critical reviews over the past 10 yrs have found increased respiratory and allergic health outcomes for children living in damp and mouldy environments. however, recent studies have suggested that early childhood exposure to specific mould components may actually protect children from developing allergy. we conducted a systematic review of observational studies published in english from january 1980 to july 2010. this review was conducted according to systematic guidelines for meta-analyses of o ... | 2011 | 21540311 |
| evidence of fixed capacity in visual object categorization. | how is visual object perception limited by divided attention? whereas some theories have proposed that it is not limited at all (unlimited capacity), others have proposed that divided attention introduces restrictive capacity limitations or serial processing (fixed capacity). we addressed this question using a task in which observers searched for instances of particular object categories, such as a moose or squirrel. we applied an extended simultaneous-sequential paradigm to test the fixed-capac ... | 2011 | 21538202 |