Publications

in vivo efficacy of voriconazole and posaconazole therapy in a novel invertebrate model of aspergillus fumigatus infection.	the emergence of azole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus is a clinically important issue in the management of invasive aspergillosis as it could limit therapeutic options. accurate measurement of in vitro antifungal activity in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) is considered of clinical relevance and often gives useful therapeutic information for physicians. however, the lack of in vitro-in vivo correlation is frequent and the observed in vitro phenotype does not always correlate ...	2015	26358971
network modeling reveals cross talk of map kinases during adaptation to caspofungin stress in aspergillus fumigatus.	mitogen activated protein kinases (mapks) are highly conserved in eukaryotic organisms. in pathogenic fungi, their activities were assigned to different physiological functions including drug adaptation and resistance. aspergillus fumigatus is a human pathogenic fungus, which causes life-threatening invasive infections. therapeutic options against invasive mycoses are still limited. one of the clinically used drugs is caspofungin, which specifically targets the fungal cell wall biosynthesis. a s ...	2015	26356475
molecular identification and amphotericin b susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of aspergillus from 11 hospitals in korea.	we investigated the species distribution and amphotericin b (amb) susceptibility of korean clinical aspergillus isolates by using two etests and the clsi broth microdilution method.	2015	26354348
poly(lactic acid)/tio₂ nanocomposites as alternative biocidal and antifungal materials.	poly(lactic acid) (pla) composites with titanium oxide (tio2) ~10-nm nanoparticles were produced by the melting process and their main properties were evaluated. the nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed in the matrix with a low degree of agglomeration, as seen by transmission electron microscopy (tem). the crystallinity temperature increased ~12% when 5 wt.% of tio2 was added, showing that the nanoparticles acted as nucleating agents this trend was confirmed by optical images. the elastic m ...	2015	26354270
dectin-1 agonist curdlan modulates innate immunity to aspergillus fumigatus in human corneal epithelial cells.	to explore the immunomodulatory effects of curdlan on innate immune responses against aspergillus fumigatus (a. fumigatus) in cultured human corneal epithelial cells (hcecs), and whether c-type lectin receptor dectin-1 mediates the immunomodulatory effects of curdlan.	2015	26309863
nanoscale biophysical properties of the cell surface galactosaminogalactan from the fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus.	many fungal pathogens produce cell surface polysaccharides that play essential roles in host-pathogen interactions. in aspergillus fumigatus, the newly discovered polysaccharide galactosaminogalactan (gag) mediates adherence to a variety of substrates through molecular mechanisms that are poorly understood. here we use atomic force microscopy to unravel the localization and adhesion of gag on living fungal cells. using single-molecule imaging with tips bearing anti-gag antibodies, we found that ...	2015	26308550
aspergillus fumigatus diffusates suppress polymorphonuclear neutrophil phagocytic functions and respiratory burst levels in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients.	invasive aspergillosis (ia) is a severe infection that commonly occurs in immunocompromised patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct). the present study explores the effect of aspergillus fumigatus diffusates (afds) on phagocytic function and superoxide anion (o2(-)) burst levels in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmns) from post-hsct patients. a. fumigatus conidia with or without afd were used to stimulate the pmn from healthy donor or hsct patient for two hours. pmn morpholo ...	2015	26345856
fgric8 is involved in regulating vegetative growth, conidiation, deoxynivalenol production and virulence in fusarium graminearum.	proteins of the resistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase 8 (ric8) group act as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (gefs) and play important roles in regulating g-protein signaling in animals. in filamentous fungi, putative ric8 orthologs have so far been identified in magnaporthe oryzae, neurospora crassa, aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus fumigatus. here, we report the functional investigation of a potential ric8 ortholog (fgric8) in the wheat head blight pathogen fusarium graminearum. ta ...	2015	26341536
identification and characterization of a novel galactofuranose-specific β-d-galactofuranosidase from streptomyces species.	β-d-galactofuranose (galf) is a component of polysaccharides and glycoconjugates and its transferase has been well analyzed. however, no β-d-galactofuranosidase (galf-ase) gene has been identified in any organism. to search for a galf-ase gene we screened soil samples and discovered a strain, identified as a streptomyces species by the 16s ribosomal rna gene analysis, that exhibits galf-ase activity for 4-nitrophenyl β-d-galactofuranoside (pnp-β-d-galf) in culture supernatants. by draft genome s ...	2015	26340350
integrated inference and evaluation of host-fungi interaction networks.	fungal microorganisms frequently lead to life-threatening infections. within this group of pathogens, the commensal candida albicans and the filamentous fungus aspergillus fumigatus are by far the most important causes of invasive mycoses in europe. a key capability for host invasion and immune response evasion are specific molecular interactions between the fungal pathogen and its human host. experimentally validated knowledge about these crucial interactions is rare in literature and even spec ...	2015	26300851
an in vitro and in vivo study on the synergistic effect and mechanism of itraconazole or voriconazole alone and in combination with tetrandrine against aspergillus fumigatus.	in this study, we investigated the in vitro antifungal effects of itraconazole/voriconazole (itr/vrc) alone and in combination with tetrandrine (tet) against 23 clinical isolates of a. fumigatus using a chequerboard microdilution method. the dynamic antifungal effects of tet with itr/vrc against a. fumigatus were assessed in vivo using time-kill curves following systemic infection of mice with a. fumigatus. after treatment, efflux pump activity was determined by the efflux of rhodamine 6g (r6g). ...	2015	26296880
soluble collectin-12 (cl-12) is a pattern recognition molecule initiating complement activation via the alternative pathway.	soluble defense collagens including the collectins play important roles in innate immunity. recently, a new member of the collectin family named collectin-12 (cl-12 or cl-p1) has been identified. cl-12 is highly expressed in umbilical cord vascular endothelial cells as a transmembrane receptor and may recognize certain bacteria and fungi, leading to opsonophagocytosis. however, based on its structural and functional similarities with soluble collectins, we hypothesized the existence of a fluid-p ...	2015	26290605
genesis of azole antifungal resistance from agriculture to clinical settings.	azole fungal resistance is becoming a major public health problem in medicine in recent years. however, it was known in agriculture since several decades; the extensive use of these compounds results in contamination of air, plants, and soil. the increasing frequency of life-threatening fungal infections and the increase of prophylactical use of azoles in high-risk patients, taken together with the evolutionary biology evidence that drug selection pressure is an important factor for the emergenc ...	2015	26289797
allergic inflammation in aspergillus fumigatus-induced fungal asthma.	although fungi are pervasive in many environments, few cause disease in humans. of these, aspergillus fumigatus is particularly well suited to be a pathogen of the human lung. its physical and biological characteristics combine to provide an organism that can cause tremendous morbidity and high mortality if left unchecked. luckily, that is rarely the case. however, repeated exposure to inhaled a. fumigatus spores often results in an immune response that carries significant immunopathology, exace ...	2015	26288940
production of short-chain fatty acids from the biodegradation of wheat straw lignin by aspergillus fumigatus.	the wheat straw lignin-rich fraction (wslig-rf) can be used as a raw material for the production of metabolites for industrial use if ligninolytic mitosporic fungi are used for its biodegradation into aromatics and short-chain fatty acids (scfas, i.e., scfa2-6). although methods for the production of scfa2-6 have been described previously, quantitative data of scfa2-6 production have not been reported. the objectives of this study were to investigate the biodegradation of different concentration ...	2015	26263005
aspergillus in endodontic infection near the maxillary sinus.	diseases of the maxillary sinus have been associated with dental roots near the maxillary sinus that have undergone endodontic treatment.	2015	26254203
inhibition of aspergillus fumigatus and its biofilm by pseudomonas aeruginosa is dependent on the source, phenotype and growth conditions of the bacterium.	aspergillus fumigatus (af) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa) are leading fungal and bacterial pathogens, respectively, in many clinical situations. relevant to this, their interface and co-existence has been studied. in some experiments in vitro, pa products have been defined that are inhibitory to af. in some clinical situations, both can be biofilm producers, and biofilm could alter their physiology and affect their interaction. that may be most relevant to airways in cystic fibrosis (cf), where ...	2015	26252384
draft genome sequence of the pathogenic filamentous fungus aspergillus udagawae strain ifm 46973t.	the incidence of aspergillosis by aspergillus infection has dramatically increased in recent years. aspergillus udagawae, a species related to aspergillus fumigatus, is known as an emerging pathogen of aspergillosis. here, we present the draft genome sequence of a. udagawae strain ifm 46973(t).	2015	26251487
synthesis, in vitro and in silico studies of some novel 5-nitrofuran-2-yl hydrazones as antimicrobial and antitubercular agents.	in this study, we synthesized two series of novel 5-nitrofuran-2-carbohydrazides 21a-h and 22a-e in addition to a third series of thiophene-2-carbohydrazides 23a-g to develop potent antimicrobial and/or antitubercular agents. the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antimicrobial and antimycobacterial activities. most of the 5-nitrofuran-2-carbohydrazides 21a-h and 22a-e displayed variable activity against aspergillus fumigates, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneum ...	2015	26155871
phytase production through response surface methodology and molecular characterization of aspergillus fumigatus nf191.	phytase play an important role in phytic acid catalysis that act as a food inhibitor in cereals. here, we isolated high phytase producing isolates nf191 closely related to aspergillus fumigatus sp. from piggery soil. dna was isolated from the fungal culture and amplified the its region using its1 and its4 primer using pcr. the 400-900 bp amplicon was gel eluted and subjected to sequencing. the sequencing results were assembled and compared with ncbi data base which showed the 99% identity of asp ...	2015	26155674
invasive fungal sinusitis involving the orbital apex in a patient with chronic renal failure.	an 82-year-old man with chronic renal failure presented with invasive fungal sinusitis involving the right orbital apex. intravenous liposomal amphotericin b was immediately administered with an intravenous sodium supplement. subsequently, endoscopic sinus surgery was performed. aspergillus fumigatus was detected in nasal discharge culture on day 12. because the patient's renal function had deteriorated by this time, therapy was changed to nasal inhalation of amphotericin b, which was discontinu ...	2015	27928353
a case of late implantable cardiac device infection with aspergillus in an immunocompetent host.	with the increasing use of cardiac implantable electronic devices (cied), there has been an associated increase in rate of complications. infection accounts for about 1% of these, of which only a handful were reported secondary to aspergillus fumigatus. all of these were seen in chronically-ill patients with several co-morbid conditions within a few years of implantation. none have been reported in an otherwise immunocompetent patient at 7 years after cied implantation.	2015	26250569
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in an adult with kartagener syndrome.	allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) is a pulmonary disorder resulting from immune responses directed against inhaled aspergillus fumigatus antigens. it manifests with poorly controlled asthma, fleeting pulmonary opacities and structural lung damage in the form of bronchiectasis. initially defined in individuals suffering from bronchial asthma and cystic fibrosis, it has also been described in patients with other structural lung disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ...	2015	26250371
drug-drug interaction between isavuconazole and tacrolimus: a case report indicating the need for tacrolimus drug-level monitoring.	despite the known significant drug-drug interaction between isavuconazole and tacrolimus, there are no recommendations on dose adjustment when these drugs are given concomitantly. we report on a patient with a mediastinal aspergillus fumigatus infection resistant to posaconazole and describe how she was successfully managed with tacrolimus therapeutic drug-level monitoring.	2015	26248976
azole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus isolates carrying tr₃₄/l98h mutations in taiwan.	cumulative evidence described the emergence and geographical expansion of azole-resistant a. fumigatus associated with azole treatment failure. to investigate the status of azole resistance in a. fumigatus in taiwan, we studied 38 a. fumigatus clinical isolates cultivated from 31 patients at two teaching hospitals from 2011 to 2014. three isolates obtained from respiratory samples of two azole-naïve patients with pulmonary aspergillosis were found to display multi-azole resistance and cross resi ...	2015	26214171
characterization and genetic variability of feed-borne and clinical animal/human aspergillus fumigatus strains using molecular markers.	aspergillus fumigatus, the major etiological agent of human and animal aspergillosis, is a toxigenic fungus largely regarded as a single species by macroscopic and microscopic features. however, molecular studies have demonstrated that several morphologically identified a. fumigatus strains might be genetically distinct. this work was aimed to apply pcr-restriction length fragment polymorphisms (pcr-rflp) and random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) molecular markers to characterize a set ...	2015	26129892
effects of iron chelators on the formation and development of aspergillus fumigatus biofilm.	iron acquisition is crucial for the growth of aspergillus fumigatus. a. fumigatus biofilm formation occurs in vitro and in vivo and is associated with physiological changes. in this study, we assessed the effects of fe chelators on biofilm formation and development. deferiprone (dfp), deferasirox (dfs), and deferoxamine (dfm) were tested for mic against a reference isolate via a broth macrodilution method. the metabolic effects (assessed by xtt [2,3-bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2h-tetraz ...	2015	26239975
aspergillus fumigatus spinal abscess in an immunocompetent child.		2015	26208570
isolated enteric aspergillosis in a non severely immunocompromised patient. case report and literature review.	invasive aspergillosis is a life-threatening, opportunistic fungal infection that mainly affects immunocompromised patients, particularly those receiving immunosuppressive therapy or high-dose corticosteroids. the most common portal of entry in aspergillosis is the lung, so the isolated occurrence of intestinal aspergillosis in the absence of pulmonary disease is an unusual pattern.	2015	26206431
data for itraq secretomic analysis of aspergillus fumigatus in response to different carbon sources.	here, we provide data related to the research article entitled "quantitative proteomics study of aspergillus fumigatus secretome revealed deamidation of secretory enzymes" by adav et al. (j. proteomics (2015) [1]). aspergillus sp. plays an important role in lignocellulosic biomass recycling. to explore biomass hydrolyzing enzymes of a. fumigatus, we profiled secretome under different carbon sources such as glucose, cellulose, xylan and starch by high throughput quantitative proteomics using isob ...	2015	26217740
high diversity of non-sporulating moulds in respiratory specimens of immunocompromised patients: should all the species be reported when diagnosing invasive aspergillosis?	non-sporulating moulds (nsms) isolated from respiratory specimens are usually discarded without further testing although they may have pathogenic effects in immunocompromised patients. the objective of this study was to determine the identity and frequency of nsms in patients with haematological malignancies. we analysed the mycological results of 251 consecutive respiratory samples from 104 haematology patients. yeast and sporulating moulds were identified at the genus/species level according t ...	2015	26214496
analysis of the aspergillus fumigatus biofilm extracellular matrix by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.	aspergillus fumigatus is commonly responsible for lethal fungal infections among immunosuppressed individuals. a. fumigatus forms biofilm communities that are of increasing biomedical interest due to the association of biofilms with chronic infections and their increased resistance to antifungal agents and host immune factors. understanding the composition of microbial biofilms and the extracellular matrix is important to understanding function and, ultimately, to developing strategies to inhibi ...	2015	26163318
aspergillus fumigatus enhances elastase production in pseudomonas aeruginosa co-cultures.	in the cystic fibrosis (cf) lung the presence of bacteria and fungi in the airways promotes an inflammatory response causing progressive lung damage, ultimately leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality. we hypothesized that polymicrobial interactions play an important role in promoting airway pathogenesis. we therefore examined the interplay between the most commonly isolated bacterial cf pathogen, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the most prevalent filamentous fungi, aspergillus fumigatus, t ...	2015	26162475
[invasive aspergillosis sinusitis in a diabetic].		2015	26161202
interplay between gliotoxin resistance, secretion, and the methyl/methionine cycle in aspergillus fumigatus.	mechanistic studies on gliotoxin biosynthesis and self-protection in aspergillus fumigatus, both of which require the gliotoxin oxidoreductase glit, have revealed a rich landscape of highly novel biochemistries, yet key aspects of this complex molecular architecture remain obscure. here we show that an a. fumigatus δglia strain is completely deficient in gliotoxin secretion but still retains the ability to efflux bisdethiobis(methylthio)gliotoxin (bmgt). this correlates with a significant increa ...	2015	26150413
a novel mycovirus from aspergillus fumigatus contains four unique dsrnas as its genome and is infectious as dsrna.	we report the discovery and characterization of a double-stranded rna (dsrna) mycovirus isolated from the human pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus fumigatus tetramycovirus-1 (afutmv-1), which reveals several unique features not found previously in positive-strand rna viruses, including the fact that it represents the first dsrna (to our knowledge) that is not only infectious as a purified entity but also as a naked dsrna. the afutmv-1 genome consists of four capped dsrnas, the ...	2015	26139522
h-ficolin binds aspergillus fumigatus leading to activation of the lectin complement pathway and modulation of lung epithelial immune responses.	aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that typically infects the lungs of immunocompromised patients leading to a high mortality. h-ficolin, an innate immune opsonin, is produced by type ii alveolar epithelial cells and could participate in lung defences against infections. here, we used the human type ii alveolar epithelial cell line, a549, to determine the involvement of h-ficolin in fungal defence. additionally, we investigated the presence of h-ficolin in bronchoalveolar ...	2015	26133042
in vitro antifungal activity of some traditional persian medicinal plants on pathogenic fungi.	to investigate the antifungal activities of the extracts and sub-fractions of phlomis olivieri, verbascum speciosum, sambucus ebulus and erigeron hyrcanicus, four persian medicinal plants used in iranian folk medicine.	2015	26129901
combining standard clinical methods with pcr showed improved diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with hematological malignancies and prolonged neutropenia.	we assessed the diagnostic value of standard clinical methods and combined biomarker testing (galactomannan assay and polymerase chain reaction screening) in a prospective case-control study to detect invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with hematological malignancies and prolonged neutropenia.	2015	26126706
case of seropositive allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in a 10-year-old girl without previously documented asthma.	allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) is a hypersensitivity lung disease due to bronchial colonization of aspergillus fumigatus that occurs in susceptible patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis. a 10-year-old girl was referred to the department of pediatric pulmonology for persistent consolidations on chest radiography. pulmonary consolidations were observed in the right upper and left lower lobes and were not resolved with a 4-week prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotics. the patie ...	2015	26124850
evolution of the immune response to chronic airway colonization with aspergillus fumigatus hyphae.	airway colonization by the mold aspergillus fumigatus is common in patients with underlying lung disease and is associated with chronic airway inflammation. studies probing the inflammatory response to colonization with a. fumigatus hyphae have been hampered by the lack of a model of chronic colonization in immunocompetent mice. by infecting mice intratracheally with conidia embedded in agar beads (af beads), we have established an in vivo model to study the natural history of airway colonizatio ...	2015	26123803
rubicon swaps autophagy for lap.	phagocytic cells engulf their prey into vesicular structures called phagosomes, of which a certain proportion becomes demarcated for enhanced maturation by a process called lc3-associated phagocytosis (lap). light has now been shed on the molecular requirements of lap, establishing a central role for the protein rubicon in the immune response to aspergillus fumigatus.	2015	26123110
update on antifungal drug resistance.	invasive fungal infections remain a major source of global morbidity and mortality, especially among patients with underlying immune suppression. successful patient management requires antifungal therapy. yet, treatment choices are restricted due to limited classes of antifungal agents and the emergence of antifungal drug resistance. in some settings, the evolution of multidrug-resistant strains insensitive to several classes of antifungal agents is a major concern. the resistance mechanisms res ...	2015	26120512
molecular-based allergy diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in aspergillus fumigatus-sensitized japanese patients.	distinguishing between patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) and aspergillus fumigatus (af)-sensitized asthmatic patients without abpa is sometimes difficult owing to the ige-cross-reactivity between af and other fungal allergens.	2015	26118958
functional analysis of sterol transporter orthologues in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans.	polarized growth in filamentous fungi needs a continuous supply of proteins and lipids to the growing hyphal tip. one of the important membrane compounds in fungi is ergosterol. at the apical plasma membrane ergosterol accumulations, which are called sterol-rich plasma membrane domains (srds). the exact roles and formation mechanism of the srds remained unclear, although the importance has been recognized for hyphal growth. transport of ergosterol to hyphal tips is thought to be important for th ...	2015	26116213
caspofungin treatment of aspergillus fumigatus results in chsg-dependent upregulation of chitin synthesis and the formation of chitin-rich microcolonies.	treatment of aspergillus fumigatus with echinocandins such as caspofungin inhibits the synthesis of cell wall β-1,3-glucan, which triggers a compensatory stimulation of chitin synthesis. activation of chitin synthesis can occur in response to sub-mics of caspofungin and to cacl2 and calcofluor white (cfw), agonists of the protein kinase c (pkc), and ca(2+)-calcineurin signaling pathways. a. fumigatus mutants with the chs gene (encoding chitin synthase) deleted (δafchs) were tested for their resp ...	2015	26169407
probiotic potential of lactobacillus strains with antifungal activity isolated from animal manure.	the aim of the study was to isolate and characterize the lactic acid bacteria (lab) from animal manure. among the thirty lab strains, four strains, namely, kcc-25, kcc-26, kcc-27, and kcc-28, showed good cell growth and antifungal activity and were selected for further characterization. biochemical and physiology properties of strains confirmed that the strains are related to the lactobacillus sp.; further, the 16s rrna sequencing confirmed 99.99% sequence similarity towards lactobacillus planta ...	2015	26167534
genotype-phenotype complexity of the tr46/y121f/t289a cyp51a azole resistance mechanism in aspergillus fumigatus.	the aspergillus fumigatus cyp51a gene tr46/y121f/t289a mutation is a new emerging resistance mechanism with high-level voriconazole (vor) resistance, and elevated mics to all other medical azoles. this is highly worrisome as vor is the primary drug for the treatment of many aspergillus diseases. the 46 base pair tandem repeat (tr46) is positioned at the same location of the cyp51a gene promoter region as has been described for other tandem repeats. the exact role of the tr46 in combination with ...	2015	26092193
synthesis, characterization and biological activity of schiff bases based on chitosan and arylpyrazole moiety.	the schiff bases of chitosan were synthesized by the reaction of chitosan with 3-(4-substituted-phenyl)-1-phenyl-1h-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde. the structure of the prepared chitosan derivatives was characterized by ft-ir spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and x-ray diffraction studies and thermogravimetric analysis (tg). the results show that the specific properties of schiff bases of chitosan can be altered by modifying the molecular structures with proper substituent groups.tg results reveal that ...	2015	26067768
correction: the ph-responsive pacc transcription factor of aspergillus fumigatus governs epithelial entry and tissue invasion during pulmonary aspergillosis.		2015	26086393
fungus induces the release of il-8 in human corneal epithelial cells, via dectin-1-mediated protein kinase c pathways.	to identify whether aspergillus fumigatus (a. fumigatus) hyphae antigens induced the release of interleukin-8 (il-8) in anti-fungal innate immunity of cultured human corneal epithelial cells (hcecs) and determine the involvement of intracellular signalling pathways.	2015	26085988
analytical comparison of in vitro-spiked human serum and plasma for pcr-based detection of aspergillus fumigatus dna: a study by the european aspergillus pcr initiative.	the use of serum or plasma for aspergillus pcr testing facilitates automated and standardized technology. recommendations for serum testing are available, and while serum and plasma are regularly considered interchangeable for use in fungal diagnostics, differences in galactomannan enzyme immunoassay (gm-eia) performance have been reported and are attributed to clot formation. therefore, it is important to assess plasma pcr testing to determine if previous recommendations for serum are applicabl ...	2015	26085614
first detection of aspergillus fumigatus azole-resistant strain due to cyp51a tr46/y121f/t289a in an azole-naive patient in spain.	we report the first isolation of a voriconazole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus strain harbouring the azole resistance mechanism tr46/y121f/t289a, recovered from an azole-naive patient in spain with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. this new finding in spain suggests the spread of this resistance mechanism and reinforces the need for antifungal susceptibility surveillance.	2015	26082842
genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of a superior biomass-degrading strain of a. fumigatus revealed active lignocellulose-degrading genes.	various saprotrophic microorganisms, especially filamentous fungi, can efficiently degrade lignocellulose that is one of the most abundant natural materials on earth. it consists of complex carbohydrates and aromatic polymers found in the plant cell wall and thus in plant debris. aspergillus fumigatus z5 was isolated from compost heaps and showed highly efficient plant biomass-degradation capability.	2015	26076650
deciphering chemokine properties by a hybrid agent-based model of aspergillus fumigatus infection in human alveoli.	the ubiquitous airborne fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus is inhaled by humans every day. in the lung, it is able to quickly adapt to the humid environment and, if not removed within a time frame of 4-8 h, the pathogen may cause damage by germination and invasive growth. applying a to-scale agent-based model of human alveoli to simulate early a. fumigatus infection under physiological conditions, we recently demonstrated that alveolar macrophages require chemotactic cues to accomplish the ta ...	2015	26074897
cell wall proteome of pathogenic fungi.	a fast development of a wide variety of proteomic techniques supported by mass spectrometry coupled with high performance liquid chromatography has been observed in recent years. it significantly contributes to the progress in research on the cell wall, very important part of the cells of pathogenic fungi. this complicated structure composed of different polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and melanin, plays a key role in interactions with the host during infection. changes in the set of the surfa ...	2015	26192771
in vitro antifungal activity and mode of action of 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone against aspergillus fumigatus.	2',4'-dihydroxychalcone (2',4'-dhc) was identified from a heat shock protein 90 (hsp90)-targeting library as a compound with hsp90 inhibitory and antifungal effects. in the presence of 2',4'-dhc (8 µg/ml), radial growth of aspergillus fumigatus was inhibited 20% compared to the control, and green pigmentation was completely blocked. the expression of the conidiation-associated genes abaa, brla, and weta was significantly decreased (approximately 3- to 5-fold) by treatment with 2',4'-dhc. the exp ...	2015	26190922
recombination detection in aspergillus fumigatus through single nucleotide polymorphisms typing.	the first evidence of sexual reproduction in aspergillus fumigatus was reported in 2009. nevertheless, it remains difficult to understand how a. fumigatus is able to reproduce through this mode in its natural environment and how frequently this occurs. the aim of this study was to analyse single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in a set of environmental and clinical isolates of a. fumigatus to detect signatures of recombination. a group of closely related portuguese a. fumigatus isolates was char ...	2015	26189756
clinical-scale isolation of the total aspergillus fumigatus-reactive t-helper cell repertoire for adoptive transfer.	evidence of the criticality of the adaptive immune response for controlling invasive aspergillosis has been provided. this observation is supported by the fact that invasive aspergillosis, a grave complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation, occurs long after myeloid reconstitution in patients with low t-cell engraftment and/or on immunosuppressants. adoptive t-cell transfer might be beneficial, but idiosyncrasies of aspergillus fumigatus and the anti-aspergillus immune response render ...	2015	26188965
t helper 2 response in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is not driven by specific aspergillus antigens.	allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) is characterized by an allergic immunological response to aspergillus fumigatus. in this study, we investigated whether certain aspergillus antigens are more allergenic than others, as was postulated previously. we stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with abpa with the classically described a. fumigatus allergens aspf1, aspf2, aspf3, and aspf4, as well as two other aspergillus antigens, crf1 and catalase1. activated cd4+ t ce ...	2015	26179335
[retraction. allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in refractory asthma: about a case report].		2015	26175839
erratum for abdolrasouli et al., genomic context of azole resistance mutations in aspergillus fumigatus determined using whole-genome sequencing.		2015	26173700
the production mechanism and immunosuppression effect of pulmonary surfactant protein d via toll like receptor 4 signaling pathway in human corneal epithelial cells during aspergillus fumigatus infection.	to observe the production mechanism of surfactant protein d (sp-d) in human corneal epithelial cells (hcecs) when infected by aspergillus fumigatus (a. fumigatus) hyphae, and explore whether sp-d can inhibit the cell activations through toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway during fungal infection.	2015	26507163
in vivo synergy of amphotericin b plus posaconazole in murine aspergillosis.	aspergillus fumigatus is the main mold causing invasive fungal infection that shows high mortality rates. therapeutic failure and the increase in drug resistance make it necessary to explore alternative treatments for this infection. we have evaluated the efficacy of amphotericin b at 0.8 mg/kg or 0.3 mg/kg of body weight combined with 40 mg/kg of posaconazole against three a. fumigatus isolates in a murine model of disseminated infection. the combination of the polyene and the azole led to a gr ...	2015	26503653
[invasive aspergillosis accompanied by a subcutaneous nodular lesion].	we report herein on a case of invasive aspergillosis accompanied by a subcutaneous nodular lesion. a 74-years-old male with myelodysplastic syndrome was hospitalized due to high fever and a painful subcutaneous nodule on the left thigh. chest radiography and ct scans showed multiple nodular lesions of both lungs, and bacterial pneumonia was initially suspected. he was treated with meropenem, but the symptoms did not subside. three days after admission, we found that β-d-glucan levels were elevat ...	2015	26552133
improved production of melanin from aspergillus fumigatus afgrd105 by optimization of media factors.	melanins are indolic polymers produced by many genera included among plants, animals and microorganisms and targeted mainly for their wide range of applications in cosmetics, agriculture and medicine. an approach to analyse the cumulative effect of parameters for enhanced melanin production was carried out using response surface methodology. in this present study, optimization of media and process parameters for melanin production from aspergillus fumigatus afgrd105 (genbank: jx041523; nfcci acc ...	2015	26597959
terpenoids from the marine-derived fungus aspergillus fumigatus yk-7.	two new β-bergamotane sesquiterpenoids, e-β-trans-5,8,11-trihydroxybergamot-9-ene (1) and β-trans-2β,5,15-trihydroxybergamot-10-ene (2), were isolated from the marine-derived fungus aspergillus fumigatus yk-7, along with three known terpenoids 3-5. their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods (1d and 2d nmr, hr-esi-ms). antiproliferative effects on human leukemic monocyte lymphoma u937 and human prostate cancer pc-3 cell lines were measured in vitro. compound 4 exhibited potent acti ...	2015	26729074
[coinfection of rhinocerebral mucormycosis and sinus aspergillosis].	mucormycosis and aspergillosis are the most frequent fungal infections caused by filamentous fungi; coinfection in the same host is rare. we present a case of a 78-year-old male patient with the debut of type 2 diabetes mellitus and ketoacidosis, with swelling of the right side of the face, right facial paralysis, ptosis and a necrotic ulcer in the right palate. facial computed tomography showed an abscess of the right maxillary sinus. cultured secretions revealed aspergillus fumigatus. the path ...	2015	26732934
[azole resistance with environmental origin: what alternatives for the future?].	azole resistant aspergillus fumigatus strains are increasingly reported in many countries. one resistance mechanism is attributed to the use of azole fungicides in environment. two mutations, tr34/l98h and tr46/y121f/t289a, on the cyp51a gene, have been described. results of 40 publications about azole resistant strain detections, with tr34/l98h and tr46/y121f/t289a mutations, in clinical and/or environmental samples, are presented in this review. these cases, observed in many countries, suggest ...	2015	26631951
characterisation of the candida albicans phosphopantetheinyl transferase ppt2 as a potential antifungal drug target.	antifungal drugs acting via new mechanisms of action are urgently needed to combat the increasing numbers of severe fungal infections caused by pathogens such as candida albicans. the phosphopantetheinyl transferase of aspergillus fumigatus, encoded by the essential gene pptb, has previously been identified as a potential antifungal target. this study investigated the function of its orthologue in c. albicans, ppt2/c1_09480w by placing one allele under the control of the regulatable met3 promote ...	2015	26606674
the mycobiota of air inside and outside the meju fermentation room and the origin of meju fungi.	the fungi on meju are known to play an important role as degrader of macromolecule of soybeans. in order to elucidate the origin of fungi on traditional meju, mycobiota of the air both inside and outside traditional meju fermentation rooms was examined. from 11 samples of air collected from inside and outside of 7 meju fermentation rooms, 37 genera and 90 species of fungi were identified. in outside air of the fermentation room, cladosporium sp. and cladosporium cladosporioides were the dominant ...	2015	26539041
transcription factor soma is required for adhesion, development and virulence of the human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus.	the transcription factor flo8/som1 controls filamentous growth in saccharomyces cerevisiae and virulence in the plant pathogen magnaporthe oryzae. flo8/som1 includes a characteristic n-terminal lug/luh-flo8-single-stranded dna binding (lufs) domain and is activated by the camp dependent protein kinase a signaling pathway. heterologous soma from aspergillus fumigatus rescued in yeast flo8 mutant strains several phenotypes including adhesion or flocculation in haploids and pseudohyphal growth in d ...	2015	26529322
a comparative treatment study of intravitreal voriconazole and liposomal amphotericin b in an aspergillus fumigatus endophthalmitis model.	to compare the effects of voriconazole (vcz) and liposomal amphotericin b (amp-b) in an experimental model of aspergillus fumigatus endophthalmitis.	2015	26574795
lipid production in association of filamentous fungi with genetically modified cyanobacterial cells.	numerous strategies have evolved recently for the generation of genetically modified or synthetic microalgae and cyanobacteria designed for production of ethanol, biodiesel and other fuels. in spite of their obvious attractiveness there are still a number of challenges that can affect their economic viability: the high costs associated with (1) harvesting, which can account for up to 50 % of the total biofuel's cost, (2) nutrients supply and (3) oil extraction. fungal-assisted bio-flocculation o ...	2015	26550031
an antifungal combination matrix identifies a rich pool of adjuvant molecules that enhance drug activity against diverse fungal pathogens.	there is an urgent need to identify new treatments for fungal infections. by combining sub-lethal concentrations of the known antifungals fluconazole, caspofungin, amphotericin b, terbinafine, benomyl, and cyprodinil with ∼3,600 compounds in diverse fungal species, we generated a deep reservoir of chemical-chemical interactions termed the antifungal combinations matrix (acm). follow-up susceptibility testing against a fluconazole-resistant isolate of c. albicans unveiled acm combinations capable ...	2015	26549450
characterization of the paracoccidioides hypoxia response reveals new insights into pathogenesis mechanisms of this important human pathogenic fungus.	hypoxic microenvironments are generated during fungal infection. it has been described that to survive in the human host, fungi must also tolerate and overcome in vivo microenvironmental stress conditions including low oxygen tension; however nothing is known how paracoccidioides species respond to hypoxia. the genus paracoccidioides comprises human thermal dimorphic fungi and are causative agents of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), an important mycosis in latin america.	2015	26659387
quantitative analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphism for rapid detection of tr34/l98h- and tr46/y121f/t289a-positive aspergillus fumigatus isolates obtained from patients in iran from 2010 to 2014.	we employed an endpoint genotyping method to update the prevalence rate of positivity for the tr34/l98h mutation (a 34-bp tandem repeat mutation in the promoter region of the cyp51a gene in combination with a substitution at codon l98) and the tr46/y121f/t289a mutation (a 46-bp tandem repeat mutation in the promoter region of the cyp51a gene in combination with substitutions at codons y121 and t289) among clinical aspergillus fumigatus isolates obtained from different regions of iran over a rece ...	2015	26525787
endoperoxide formation by an α-ketoglutarate-dependent mononuclear non-haem iron enzyme.	many peroxy-containing secondary metabolites have been isolated and shown to provide beneficial effects to human health. yet, the mechanisms of most endoperoxide biosyntheses are not well understood. although endoperoxides have been suggested as key reaction intermediates in several cases, the only well-characterized endoperoxide biosynthetic enzyme is prostaglandin h synthase, a haem-containing enzyme. fumitremorgin b endoperoxidase (ftmox1) from aspergillus fumigatus is the first reported α-ke ...	2015	26524521
antifungal activity of myriocin on clinically relevant aspergillus fumigatus strains producing biofilm.	the human pathogenic mold aspergillus fumigatus is able to form a complex biofilm embedded in extracellular matrix. biofilms confer antimicrobial resistance and it is well known that aspergillosis is often refractory to the conventional antifungal therapy. the treatment of biofilm-related infections poses a significant clinical challenge on a daily basis, promoting the search for new therapeutic agents. our aim was to exploit the modulation of sphingolipid mediators as new therapeutic target to ...	2015	26519193
single-tube pcr coupled with mini-sequencing assay for the detection of cyp51a and cyp51b polymorphisms in aspergillus fumigatus.	triazole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus is associated with mutations in cyp51 genes, therefore, a single-tube multiplex pcr was proposed for rapid detection of such mutations.	2015	26515651
augmenting the activity of monoterpenoid phenols against fungal pathogens using 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde that target cell wall integrity.	disruption of cell wall integrity system should be an effective strategy for control of fungal pathogens. to augment the cell wall disruption efficacy of monoterpenoid phenols (carvacrol, thymol), antimycotic potency of benzaldehyde derivatives that can serve as chemosensitizing agents were evaluated against strains of saccharomyces cerevisiae wild type (wt), slt2δ and bck1δ (mutants of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) and mapk kinase kinase, respectively, in the cell wall integrity p ...	2015	26569223
eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis preceding allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.	a 61-year-old chinese man with long-standing, stable eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (egpa) and asthma, presented with acute hypoxemia and declining obstructive pulmonary function. elevated serum ige levels, positive aspergillus fumigatus specific ige and ct findings of central bronchiectasis with small airway mucoid impaction confirmed new development of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa). the maintenance therapy for egpa, azathioprine, was discontinued. prednisolone 0 ...	2015	26549342
interferon-γ promotes phagocytosis of cryptococcus neoformans but not cryptococcus gattii by murine macrophages.	among invasive fungal infections, cryptococcosis caused by inhalation of cryptococcus neoformans or cryptococcus gattii is particularly dangerous because it can disseminate to the central nervous system and cause life-threatening meningitis or meningoencephalitis. previous reports described significant differences in the histopathological features of c. neoformans and c. gattii infection, such as greater pathogen proliferation and a limited macrophage response in mouse lung infected by c. gattii ...	2015	26477011
e-cadherin mediates adhesion of aspergillus fumigatus to non-small cell lung cancer cells.	a spergillus fumigatus is a widely distributed microorganism, and recently, a. fumigatus culture filtrate has been shown to trigger apoptotic cell death in several human cancer cell lines, including non-small lung cancer (nsclc) cells, a549. nevertheless, the molecular adhesion of a. fumigatus to these cancer cells to trigger cell death remains unknown. here, we knocked down e-cadherin in a549 cells and examined its effects on a. fumigatus. the blastospores of a. fumigatus were incubated with th ...	2015	26472726
erratum for nazik et al., effects of iron chelators on the formation and development of aspergillus fumigatus biofilm.		2015	26464401
production and characterization of two major aspergillus oryzae secreted prolyl endopeptidases able to efficiently digest proline-rich peptides of gliadin.	prolyl endopeptidases are key enzymes in the digestion of proline-rich proteins. fungal extracts rich in prolyl endopeptidases produced by a species such as aspergillus oryzae used in food fermentation would be of particular interest for the development of an oral enzyme therapy product in patients affected by intolerance to gluten. two major a. oryzae secreted prolyl endopeptidases of the merops s28 peptidase family, aos28a and aos28b, were identified when this fungus was grown at acidic ph in ...	2015	26464108
in vitro biochemical study of cyp51-mediated azole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus.	the incidence of triazole-resistant aspergillus infections is increasing worldwide, often mediated through mutations in the cyp51a amino acid sequence. new classes of azole-based drugs are required to combat the increasing resistance to existing triazole therapeutics. in this study, a cyp51 reconstitution assay is described consisting of eburicol, purified recombinant aspergillus fumigatus cpr1 (afcpr1), and escherichia coli membrane suspensions containing recombinant a. fumigatus cyp51 proteins ...	2015	26459890
[resistant fungi].	particularly in the area of hematology/oncology and intensive care medicine, infections due to resistant fungi are to be expected. emergence of resistance in fungi is a less dynamic process than in bacteria; it can, however, have an equally important impact on treatment strategies. in the following article, the most important resistance patterns of yeasts and molds (candida albicans , aspergillus fumigatus, the order mucorales and the genus fusarium) will be presented and discussed. their diagno ...	2015	26432089
role of dectin-1 in the innate immune response of rat corneal epithelial cells to aspergillus fumigatus.	to observe dectin-1 expression in fungal keratitis on rat models and to determine the role of dectin-1 in innate immune response to aspergillus fumigatus.	2015	26427623
growth of paecilomyces variotii in b0 (diesel), b100 (biodiesel) and b7 (blend), degradation and molecular detection.	the introduction of biodiesel to diesel may allow the fuel to be more susceptible to microorganism growth, especially during incorrect storage. to evaluate the effect of adding biodiesel in pure diesel on the growth of paecilomyces variotii, microcosms containing pure diesel (b0), blend diesel/biodiesel (b7) and pure biodiesel (b100) were used. in microcosm with minimal mineral medium and b0, b7 or b100, after 60 days, the biomass (dry weight) formed at interface oil-water in b7 and b100 was sig ...	2015	26421768
fitness studies of azole-resistant strains of aspergillus fumigatus.	isogenic bar-coded strains of aspergillus fumigatus carrying the g54w or m220k mutation in cyp51a were constructed. in vitro, the growth and conidiation capacities of the mutants were similar to those of the parental strain. competition studies in the absence of azoles showed that there was no adverse fitness cost for the azole-resistant a. fumigatus strains in vitro or in vivo compared to the parental strain.	2015	26416854
etiologic agents of otomycosis in the north-western area of iran.	otomycosis is a superficial fungal infection often involves the pinna and external auditory canal. it is a pathologic condition, with candida and aspergillus, the most common fungal species. it is common worldwide but more prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries.	2015	26495108
the fungal exopolysaccharide galactosaminogalactan mediates virulence by enhancing resistance to neutrophil extracellular traps.	of the over 250 aspergillus species, aspergillus fumigatus accounts for up to 80% of invasive human infections. a. fumigatus produces galactosaminogalactan (gag), an exopolysaccharide composed of galactose and n-acetyl-galactosamine (galnac) that mediates adherence and is required for full virulence. less pathogenic aspergillus species were found to produce gag with a lower galnac content than a. fumigatus and expressed minimal amounts of cell wall-bound gag. increasing the galnac content of gag ...	2015	26492565
antifungal activity of selenium nanoparticles synthesized by bacillus species msh-1 against aspergillus fumigatus and candida albicans.	fungal infections affect various parts of the body and can be difficult to treat. aspergillus infection causes a spectrum of diverse diseases particularly in lung according to host immunity. the two major entities are invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. candida infections can be superficial or invasive. superficial infections often affect the skin or mucous membranes. however, invasive fungal infections are often life-threatening. advances in nanotechnology have ...	2015	26495111
development of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in adult asthmatics with abpa.	chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (cpa) is an occasional complication of allergic bronchopulmonaryaspergillosis (abpa) but the transition is poorly understood.	2015	26507434
differential support of aspergillus fumigatus morphogenesis by yeast and human actins.	the actin cytoskeleton is highly conserved among eukaryotes and is essential for cellular processes regulating growth and differentiation. in fungi, filamentous actin (f-actin) orchestrates hyphal tip structure and extension via organization of exocytic and endocytic processes at the hyphal tip. although highly conserved, there are key differences among actins of fungal species as well as between mammalian and fungal actins. for example, the f-actin stabilizing molecules, phalloidin and jasplaki ...	2015	26555617
azole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus clinical isolates from an italian culture collection.	the aims of the study were to investigate the prevalence of azole resistance among aspergillus fumigatus clinical isolates. a total of 533 clinical isolates that had been collected between 1995 and 2006, from 441 patients, were screened. no resistance was detected in isolates collected between 1995 and 1997. starting in 1998, the resistance rate was 6.9%; a total of 24 patients (6.25%) harbored a resistant isolate. the tr34/l98h substitution was found in 21 of 30 tested isolates.	2015	26552980
pharmacodynamics of isavuconazole in a dynamic in vitro model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.	isavuconazonium sulfate is a novel triazole prodrug that has been recently approved for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis by the fda. the active moiety (isavuconazole) has a broad spectrum of activity against many pathogenic fungi. this study utilized a dynamic in vitro model of the human alveolus to describe the pharmacodynamics of isavuconazole against two wild-type and two previously defined azole-resistant isolates of aspergillus fumigatus. a human-like concentration-time profile for i ...	2015	26503648
disulphide-reduced psoriasin is a human apoptosis-inducing broad-spectrum fungicide.	the unexpected resistance of psoriasis lesions to fungal infections suggests local production of an antifungal factor. we purified trichophyton rubrum-inhibiting activity from lesional psoriasis scale extracts and identified the cys-reduced form of s100a7/psoriasin (reds100a7) as a principal antifungal factor. reds100a7 inhibits various filamentous fungi, including the mold aspergillus fumigatus, but not candida albicans. antifungal activity was inhibited by zn(2+), suggesting that reds100a7 int ...	2015	26438863
sensitization to fungal allergens: resolved and unresolved issues.	exposure and sensitization to fungal allergens can promote the development and worsening of allergic diseases. although numerous species of fungi have been associated with allergic diseases in the literature, the significance of fungi from the genera alternaria, cladosporium, penicillium, aspergillus, and malassezia has been well documented. however, it should be emphasized that the contribution of different fungal allergens to allergic diseases is not identical, but species-specific. alternaria ...	2015	26433528