Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [small wild mammals and arboviruses in italy]. | in 1980 and 1981, sera of 256 small wild mammals (rodentia, insectivora, carnivora) were collected in piemonte and southern italy. they were then tested for antibody against 12 arboviruses by haemagglutination inhibition and complement fixation tests. in the north of the country, 42.8% of sera were found positive against tahyna or sicilian sandfly fever viruses. in the southern provinces, 44.3% of sera reacted with bhanja, west nile or other flaviviruses, tahyna, sicilian sandfly fever and arumo ... | 1983 | 6627549 |
| interspecific chimaerism between sheep and goat. | in rodents, chimaeric blastocysts produced by combining embryonic cells of two different species have been used in investigations of cell lineage and interaction during development (mus musculus-rattus norvegicus, m. musculus-clethrionomys glareolus, m. musculus-mus caroli). however, interspecific chimaerism also offers new approaches to the study of reproductive incompatibilities between species and may even allow such incompatibilities to be neutralized, thus improving the chances of successfu ... | 1984 | 6694751 |
| increased fertility in young primiparous female bank voles, clethrionomys glareolus, treated with prolactin or progesterone after mating. | 1982 | 6750106 | |
| the life-cycle of eimeria cernae levine and ivens, 1965 in the bank vole, clethrionomys glareolus. | eimeria cernae is recorded for the first time in england and the life-cycle is described in experimentally infected bank-voles (clethrionomys glareolus). the pre-patent period was 6 days and the patent period was 4-6 days. oocysts were ellipsoidal in shape and measured 20.2 x 15.9 micrometers. sporocysts, measuring 11.5 micrometers long and 6.8 micrometers wide, possessed a small stieda body and contained a mass of granular sporocyst residuum. the endogenous stages developed in the epithelial ce ... | 1982 | 6757845 |
| responses of female bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) to dominant vs subordinate conspecific males and to urine odors from dominant vs subordinate males. | 1982 | 6763863 | |
| [blood parasites of small wild mammals in steiermark and burgenland]. | a total of 488 wild small mammals (16 species) trapped in two federate units of austria, steiermark and burgenland, were examined on the presence of blood parasites. in steiermark grahamelles were detected in neomys fodiens, clethrionomys glareolus, microtus arvalis, m. agrestis, apodemus flavicollis and a. sylvaticus, while trypanosoma evotomys and hepatozoon erhardovae were found in c. glareolus, and babesia microti in pitymys subterraneus and m. agrestis. in burgenland grahamelles were demons ... | 1980 | 6778802 |
| prevalence of pneumocystis carinii delanoë & delanoë, 1912 in rodents in denmark. | pneumocystis carinii has been found in 17 of 90 (19%) wild living trapped brown rats (rattus norvegicus). the positive brown rats originated from about 25% of the trapping localities examined. among brown rats of two breeding stocks, h and s, pneumocysts were found in 43.5% of the h rats, but in none of the s rats. by keeping brown h rats on a low protein diet for 8 weeks, it was possible to augment the prevalence to 53.8%. pneumocystis carinii has furthermore been found in one of eight (12.5%) ... | 1980 | 6965782 |
| infection with absidia corymbifera in bank voles (clethrionomys glariolus). | bank voles, clethrionomys glariolus, kept under laboratory conditions were highly susceptible to both naturally-acquired and experimental infection with the phycomycete absidia corymbifera. the infection was manifested as an acute lethal disease characterized by fungal invasion of the kidneys, central nervous system and, less frequently, other tissues. natural infection was probably acquired via the respiratory route. | 1980 | 6987455 |
| [hopopleura edentula (anoplura, hoplopleuridae), a parasite of voles of the genus clethrionomys]. | the louse hoplopleura edentula fahrennolz occurs not only on the vole clethrionomys glareolus schreb. but also on the other members of the genus widely distributed in the ussr, c. rutilus pall. and c. rufocanus sund. the characters distinguishing h. edentula from the close species h. acanthopus (burm.) described from microtus arvalis pall. are the differences in the shape of the dorsal lobe of the pleural plate of the third abdominal segment and in the size of the male copulative organ. | 2007 | 6992052 |
| a histochemical study on the effects of photoperiod on gonadal and adrenal function in the female bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus, schreb.). | 1980 | 6993280 | |
| effect of social rank on the growth of the preputial glands in male bank voles, clethrionomys glareolus. | 1980 | 6994144 | |
| reproduction in a laboratory colony of bank vole, clethrionomys glareolus. | 1980 | 7000324 | |
| adrenal growth during pregnancy in the bank vole, clethrionomys glareolus: initiation by mating. | 1980 | 7000328 | |
| the occurrence of erythropoiesis in the thymus of the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus). | the thymus of wild young and adult bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) was examined by histological methods for the presence of developing erythroid cells. nucleated erythroid cells were observed in 26% of the glands examined by light microscopy and in 69% of the glands examined by electron microscopy. the largest number of developing erythroid cells was observed in the thymus of pregnant females, also showing raised reticulocyte counts (3.1-10.2%). however, erythropoiesis could also be found i ... | 1980 | 7000364 |
| acceleration of ovarian follicle maturation of female caused by male in microtus agrestis and clethrionomys glareolus. | 1980 | 7004917 | |
| lead content of small mammals at a roadside site in relation to the pathways of exposure. | concentration of lead have been determined in three species of small mammal, sorex araneus, clethrionomys glareolus and apodemus sylvaticus at roadside and control sites. the results are considered in relation to the lead content of the diet and the air, and it is concluded that the diet provides far the major pathway for lead exposure, even at the roadside site. bone lead concentrations are found to be consistent with estimated lead exposure and metabolism. | 1981 | 7015499 |
| comparative effect of the three rodenticides warfarin, difenacoum and brodifacoum on eight rodent species in short feeding periods. | short laboratory feeding tests were carried out with the anticoagulants warfarin, difenacoum, and brodifacoum on a number of european rodent species: clethrionomys glareolus, microtus agrestis, m. arvalis, apodemus flavicollis, a. sylvaticus, mus musculus, rattus rattus and r. norvegicus. it was found that the toxicity to all species was highest with brodifacoum and lowest with warfarin, and that only 0.005% brodifacoum would give a complete mortality in most species after one day's feeding. the ... | 1981 | 7019316 |
| [epidemiological survey in a natural focus of rickettsia transmitted by ixodes ricinus in switzerland (author's transl)]. | a spotted fever group rickettsia referred to as "swiss agent" was detected in 8.5% of ixodes ricinus collected in a marshy forest of the swiss plateau. this organism, in its tick vector, was found to be transmitted stadially as well as ovarially; of 433 larval, nymphal or adult ticks from 17 parental tick females, all were infected. a total of 3,612 larval i. ricinus were collected from 168 small mammals including 127 clethrionomys glareolus, 29 apodemus sylvaticus and flavicolis, 7 microtus agr ... | 1981 | 7020557 |
| infections with blood parasites in the small british rodents apodemus sylvaticus, clethrionomys glareolus and microtus agrestis. | three populations of small wild british rodents were studied by capture-recapture methods over a period of 3 years, a fourth group was studied for 1 year and a fifth was sampled annually for 4 years. blood smears were taken from 3 species of rodents: the woodmouse apodemus sylvaticus, the bank vole clethrionomys glareolus (and an island sub-species c.g. skomerensis) and the short-tailed vole microtus agrestis. the smears were examined microscopically. four genera of haemoparasites babesia, hepat ... | 1981 | 7022328 |
| [effect of cyclophosphane on the bone marrow of redbacked voles]. | the paper presents the data on the effect of cyclophosphane on the bone marrow cells of bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus). the percentage of aberrant cells after injection of cyclophosphane was shown to be higher in experimental animals than in control at different intervals after injection, mitotic activity and the interphase death being decreased and increased, respectively. | 1981 | 7028567 |
| primary and secondary skin leishmaniasis in experimental rodent hosts. | pathological observations are described from experimental infections of syrian hamsters, nude mice and bank voles with different leishmania strains isolated from travellers returning to germany from endemic areas. the main purpose of the paper was to demonstrate the changing patterns of parasite predilection sites within appropriate experimental animals. despite the occasionally-occurring episodes of altered predilection sites the principal organotropic behaviour of given leishmania strain was r ... | 1981 | 7032148 |
| effect of limited and complete mating on ovaries and adrenals in band voles, clethrionomys glareolus. | complete mating of voles induced ovulation and large and healthy cl were formed. by 4 days after mating adrenal weight was twice that in unmated animals. limited amounts of mating (i.e. 1-3 intromissions) induced ovulation, but the resulting cl were small and short-lived and no adrenal hypertrophy was seen. if limited mating was followed by mechanical genital stimulation, large cl and adrenal hypertrophy were induced. mechanical genital stimulation alone induced ovulation (mostly small cl) in so ... | 1982 | 7040648 |
| small mammal studies in a sad baiting area. | studies in the laboratory or in the field on the effect of sad virus on small rodents are reported. laboratory experiments by oral inoculation of sad strain in a wide variety of small mammals led to the conclusion that spontaneous sad transmission from rodent to rodent is a rare event. field experiments were conducted by live-trapping, sacrifice and analysis of 192 apodemus sylvaticus, 28 clethrionomys glareolus and 48 crocidura russula. they gave no indication that sad virus became established ... | 1982 | 7128065 |
| association between pelodera strongyloides (nematoda: rhabditidae) and wood mice, apodemus sylvaticus. | pelodera strongyloides larvae were found in the conjunctival sacs of apodemus sylvaticus and clethrionomys glareolus and in hair follicles of a. sylvaticus. those in the eyes were 3rd-stage larvae while most of those in the dermis were early 4th stages. there was no evidence of pathology and sections of the skin showed that the nematodes of freshly killed mice and moulted once to the adult stage in 1-2 days at 15 degrees c. the stimulus to resume development appeared to be a reduction in tempera ... | 1981 | 7267150 |
| a serological proof of adiaspiromycosis in wild rodents. | using serological and histological methods, we examined 92 specimens of small, wild rodents (apodemus sylvaticus, clethrionomys glareolus, micromys minutus, microtus agrestis, m. arvalis, mus musculus and pitymys subterraneus) for the incidence of adiaspiromycosis. in addition, we examined 16 white, laboratory mice after their exposure to a natural biotope in which the incidence of adiaspiromycosis had been confirmed earlier. the results of serological tests were in correlation with those obtain ... | 1980 | 7450616 |
| coding strategy of the s and m genomic segments of a hantavirus representing a new subtype of the puumala serotype. | the hantavirus strain vranica was previously reported to have been isolated from a bank vole in bosnia-hercegovina and associated with the occurrence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hrfs) in humans. the complete cdna nucleotide sequences of the small (s) and medium (m) genomic rna segments of this virus were determined. major open reading frames were found in the s and m segment between nucleotide positions 43 and 1341 coding for a polypeptide of 433 amino acid residues and between nuc ... | 1995 | 7503698 |
| isolation of a puumala-like virus from mus musculus captured in yugoslavia and its association with severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. | an outbreak of severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) occurred in 1988 in pozarevac, serbia, yugoslavia. the disease was diagnosed in 4 children and 1 adult, and 1 of the children died. rodents were captured from the same area and virus isolation attempted. a hantavirus, poz-m1, was isolated from lung tissues of hantavirus antigen-positive mus musculus. serology and restriction enzyme digestion of polymerase chain reaction-amplified segments from this virus showed that it was a stra ... | 1994 | 7506281 |
| mapping of b-cell determinants in the nucleocapsid protein of puumala virus: definition of epitopes specific for acute immunoglobulin g recognition in humans. | the complete amino acid sequence of the puumala (puu) virus nucleocapsid protein (n), deduced from the genome of the prototype strain sotkamo, was synthesized as decapeptides with 5-amino-acid overlaps. by use of the pepscan method, 86 peptides were examined for reactivity with sera from serologically confirmed nephropathia epidemica (ne) patients and 11 puu virus n-specific bank vole monoclonal antibodies. the human sera showed reactivity with several different regions, while only one of the mo ... | 1995 | 7536616 |
| prevalence of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in danish rodents. | six rodent species from six danish localities were examined for antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi by immunofluorescence assay (ifa). a total of 1097 specimens were tested using a serum titre of 1:8. the wild mice apodemus sylvaticus and a. flavicollis had high prevalences of b. burgdorferi antibodies of 42.1% and 27.9% respectively, but the vole microtus agrestis also showed an exceptionally high prevalence of 32.7%. clethrionomys glareolus had a low average prevalence of 17.4%. the lowest and ... | 1995 | 7612254 |
| clethrionomys glareolus, but not apodemus flavicollis, acquires resistance to ixodes ricinus l., the main european vector of borrelia burgdorferi. | the european rodents clethrionomys glareolus (bank vole) and apodemus flavicollis (yellow-necked-mouse) are important hosts of the tick species ixodes ricinus, the main european vector of borrelia burgdorferi. we have addressed the question whether or not these tick hosts develop resistance to i. ricinus larvae. c. glareolus and a. flavicollis were exposed to 40 i. ricinus larvae for five consecutive times at two week intervals. resistance was tested by the following parameters: percentage of ti ... | 1995 | 7624158 |
| serological evidence for the reservoir hosts of cowpox virus in british wildlife. | the reservoir host of cowpox virus in western europe is not known, but epidemiological evidence from human and feline infections indicates that the virus is probably endemic in small wild rodents. therefore, serum and tissue samples were collected from a variety of wild british mammals and some birds, and tested for evidence of orthopoxvirus infection. antibody reacting with cowpox virus was detected in 9/44 (20%) bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus), 8/24 (33%) field voles (microtus agrestis), ... | 1995 | 7641833 |
| reproductive costs and litter size in the bank vole. | the potential reproductive costs for free-ranging bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) offspring and mothers were assessed by manipulating litter size and by determining the effects of nursing varied numbers of offspring. litter enlargement did not increase the number of weanlings per mother. the mass of juveniles was significantly lower in the enlarged litters and higher in the reduced litters, compared to the control group. however, the survival of juveniles from weaning aged three months did n ... | 1995 | 7644546 |
| mortality factors in a cyclic vole population. | the causes of cyclic fluctuations in microtine rodent populations are still a bone of contention. in particular, the actual causes of mortality in the different phases of the 3-4-year vole are an enigma. we present results from studies of radio-collared voles (microtus agrestis, m. rossiaemeridionalis and clethrionomys glareolus), which show that small mustelid predation was the major mortality factor of voles in the decline phase, but had less importance in the increase phase of the 3-year popu ... | 1995 | 7644548 |
| strain variation of lyme disease spirochetes isolated from ixodes ricinus ticks and rodents collected in two endemic areas in switzerland. | the relationship among lyme borreliosis, borrelia genospecies, rodent reservoirs, and ixodes ricinus l. ticks was studied in two endemic areas in switzerland. ear punch biopsies and sampling of internal organs were used to isolate borrelia burgdorferi (johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt and brenner) from small mammals, apodemus sylvaticus l., a. flavicollis melchoir, clethrionomys glareolus schreber. spirochetes were isolated from ear tissue and spleen of the rodents. isolates were homogeneous a ... | 1995 | 7650703 |
| impact of an environmentally-realistic intake of cadmium on calcium, magnesium, and phosphate metabolism in bank voles, clethrionomys glareolus. | oral intake of cadmium can disrupt calcium metabolism in laboratory rodents. if this occurs in free-living wild rodents, reproductive potential, growth, and survival could be adversely affected. this study investigated whether an environmentally-realistic intake of cadmium (1.5-1.7 mg/kg bw/24h) by bank voles, clethrionomys glareolus, affected uptake and assimilation of calcium and also that of magnesium and phosphorus, two elements metabolized in close association with calcium. mineral metaboli ... | 1995 | 7661627 |
| a heterogeneous distribution of emmonsia parva var. crescens in an agro-ecosystem. | the lung tissue of 1143 rodents of five species, caught at a number of sites and habitats in an agro-ecosystem (southern moravia, czech republic) in 1988-1993, was examined for the presence of adiaspores of emmonsia parva var. crescens (emmons et jellison) van oorschot. the overall prevalence of adiasporomycosis was 16.6%, but its distribution varied significantly according to rodent species (clethrionomys glareolus 37.6%, apodemus flavicollis 33.3%, a. sylvaticus 21.1%, a microps 9.2%, microtus ... | 1995 | 7666301 |
| mixed natural focus of tick-borne encephalitis, tularemia and haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in west slovakia. | total of 923 small mammals of 7 species were collected in locality záhorská ves, west slovakia, in 1990-1992. among examined small mammal species it was clethrionomys glareolus (48.7% of total, 17.5% positive for tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus antibodies), apodemus flavicollis (29.7% of total, 17.5% positive), a. sylvaticus (11.3% of total, 16.3% positive), and microtus arvalis (6.2% of total, 10.5% positive). the most abundant tick species (larval and nymphal stages) on small mammals was i ... | 1995 | 7676942 |
| temporal dynamics of puumala virus antibody prevalence in voles and of nephropathia epidemica incidence in humans. | puumala (puu) virus is the etiologic agent of nephropathia epidemica (ne) in humans. this disease is highly endemic in vasterbotten county, sweden, with an annual incidence of 19.2 (range 3.7-37.4) per 100,000 inhabitants. voles are considered to be both the main reservoir and the vector of puu virus. a total of 3,591 rodents (mainly clethrionomys glareolus, c. rufocanus, and microtus agrestis) trapped in vasterbotten between 1979 and 1987 were tested for the presence of puu virus antibodies by ... | 1995 | 7677213 |
| diversity of relative intensities of acetylcholinesterase staining within the laminae of the visual cortex of four mammals. | the histological staining patterns of acetylcholinesterase fibers in the visual cortex of the hamster, bank vole, yellow necked wood mouse, and rabbit are described. between the species there are variations in staining intensities of the laminae in the visual cortex. in the hamster and bank vole layers iv, v, and vi are intensely stained. the yellow necked wood mouse demonstrates little difference in staining intensity between the layers of the visual cortex. the rabbit evidences a dense precipi ... | 1993 | 7685233 |
| hantavirus infections in the netherlands: epidemiology and disease. | a serological survey for the prevalence of hantavirus infections in the netherlands was carried out on > 10,000 sera, from selected human populations, and different feral and domestic animal species. hantavirus-specific antibodies were found in about 1% of patients suspected of acute leptospirosis, 10% of patients with acute nephropathia, and in less than 0.1% haemodialysis and renal transplant patients. among individuals with a suspected occupational risk, 6% of animal trappers, 4% of forestry ... | 1995 | 7705497 |
| detection and subsequent sequencing of puumala virus from human specimens by pcr. | a sensitive method based on pcr was developed for the detection of puumala virus (puu) in human samples. the assay was found to be specific for puu-like strains and distinguished between these and hantaviruses of other serotypes. the detection limit was found to be 10(-5) focus-forming units. clinical samples were collected from patients with nephropathia epidemica in sweden and western russia. five whole blood samples collected from patients in russia with the acute phase of disease were found ... | 1995 | 7714178 |
| quantifying parameters in the transmission of babesia microti by the tick ixodes trianguliceps amongst voles (clethrionomys glareolus). | the estimation of two parameters in the transmission of babesia microti by the tick ixodes trianguliceps amongst small mammals, (1) the duration of infectivity in natural hosts and (2) the probability of transmission from an infected to a susceptible vole, is described. when b. microti was maintained by direct tick transmission, the probability of a complete cycle of transmission via the larval-nymphal and nymphal-adult transstadial routes was 1.0 and 0.71 respectively, but only if the larvae or ... | 1995 | 7724236 |
| [occurrence of coxiella burnetti antibodies in cattle, sheep and small terrestrial mammals in the western region of bohemia]. | the prevalence of antibodies to c. burnetii was studied in the karlovy vary district (the czech republic) between 1987 and 1989. sera of cows, sheep and heart eluates of small ground mammals were tested using the complement fixation test with c. burnetii antigen in phase ii (bodibion, mevak nitra, slovakia). titers greater or equal to 8 or 10 were considered as positive. cows from two large-scale farms were tested four times (the average number of every sampling was 339 cows). their seroprevalen ... | 1995 | 7762122 |
| sensitive detection of hantaviruses by biotin-streptavidin enhanced immunoassays based on bank vole monoclonal antibodies. | antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) based on detection of the viral nucleocapsid protein (n) were designed for rapid diagnosis of hantavirus infections. several combinations of bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) monoclonal antibodies with various n-epitope specificities were used for the development of two double-antibody sandwich forms of elisa; puu virus ag-elisa for an exclusive detection of puumala-related viruses, and hantavirus ag-elisa for a more extensive detecti ... | 1995 | 7769041 |
| [nephropathia epidemica. hantavirus nephritis--a differential diagnosis in acute abdomen]. | nephropathia epidemica (ne) is an infectious disease caused by hantavirus of the bunyavirus family and carried by little rodents, in denmark presumably by the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus). the disease usually presents with self-limiting renal failure, thrombocytopenia, fever, lower back and/or abdominal pain. as such it might be confused with for example acute abdomen as shown by the two cases given. final diagnosis is based upon demonstrating antibody formation against hantavirus. | 1994 | 7810017 |
| transmission of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. from mammal reservoirs to the primary vector of lyme borreliosis, ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae), in sweden. | factors regulating prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner in ixodes ricinus (l.) were examined during 1991-1992 at bogesund, near stockholm in south-central sweden. nine species of small and medium-sized mammals (sorex araneus l., s. minutus l., neomys fodiens pennant, clethrionomys glareolus [schreber], microtus agrestis [l.], apodemus sylvaticus [l.], a. flavicollis [melchior], lepus europaeus pallas, l. timidus l.) were found to infect feeding tic ... | 1994 | 7815401 |
| reverted virulence of attenuated tick-borne encephalitis virus mutant is not accompanied with the changes in deduced viral envelope protein amino acid sequence. | serial passages of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus strain 4387 isolated from the liver and lungs of the bank vole through the salivary glands of ixodes ricinus ticks led to a reduction of its virulence for laboratory mice infected via peripheral route. when attenuated mutants were passaged through mouse brains, virulent phenotypes have appeared in the 3rd mouse passage. after 5 consecutive passages the virus was more pathogenic for mice after peripheral inoculation than the parental 4387 str ... | 1994 | 7817894 |
| influence of herbivory on caesium turnover in a forest ecosystem. | the effect of herbivory by bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) and moose (alces alces) in relation to litterfall in a boreal forest is analysed. the main purpose is to estimate the relative importance of these processes for the transfer of caesium-137 to soil. biomasses of litterfall and food consumption were selected from different forest biotopes. the analysis of the input and output of caesium-137 in the vole and moose populations is based on mass balance calculations for caesium-137 in stead ... | 1994 | 7839117 |
| scaning electron microscopy of capillaria muris sylvatici from clethrionomys glareolus with reference to the zoonotic species. | species of the genus capillaria are numerous. many of them are parasites of different species of vertebrates, including man, causing various pathological manifestations. the taxonomy of the capillariids is a complicated one. in the present study, light and scanning electron microscopes were used to illustrate and clarify the taxonomic features of capillaria muris sylvatici. this capillus or hair nematode was recovered from the vole clethrionomys glareolus. the results were discussed with referen ... | 1994 | 7844433 |
| grahamella in small woodland mammals in the u.k.: isolation, prevalence and host specificity. | bacteria isolated from the blood of small woodland mammals were identified as members of the genus grahamella. the prevalence of grahamella infection among the 37 small mammals examined, detected by cultivation of blood samples, was 62%. this figure is somewhat higher than previous reports. further characterization of the isolates, based on restriction enzyme analysis of the 16s rrna gene, serological reactivity and dna hybridization studies, revealed three distinct grahamella species. one of th ... | 1994 | 7944677 |
| [radioresistance of a population of bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) in radioactive pollution conditions]. | 1994 | 7951016 | |
| borrelia burgdorferi in rodents (apodemus flavicollis and a. sylvaticus): duration and enhancement of infectivity for ixodes ricinus ticks. | ixodes ricinus is an important vector of borrelia burgdorferi in europe, and small rodents (apodemus flavicollis, a. sylvaticus and clethrionomys glareolus) are important sources for infecting ticks. in this study, we examined their reservoir role by studying the duration of their infectivity for ticks. a. flavicollis and a. sylvaticus mice captured in nature were exposed to uninfected i. ricinus larvae at different times after their capture: 10 days, and 2, 7, 11, 14 and 40 months. ticks were e ... | 1994 | 7957795 |
| differential immune responses to borrelia burgdorferi in european wild rodent species influence spirochete transmission to ixodes ricinus l. (acari: ixodidae). | immune responses to borrelia burgdorferi and their influence on spirochete transmission to ixodes ricinus were analyzed in the natural european reservoir hosts; i.e., the mouse species apodemus flavicollis (yellow-necked mouse) and apodemus sylvaticus (wood mouse) and the vole species clethrionomys glareolus (bank vole), and, in addition, in the laboratory mouse strain nmri. naive and preimmunized rodents were infected either by artificially infected i. ricinus larvae or by intradermal injection ... | 1994 | 7960113 |
| [phenotypic diversity in continuous and discrete populations exemplified by the bank vole under the conditions of the southern taiga]. | variation of 6 bilateral quantitative and 32 nonmetric skull traits of the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus schreb.) was studied in two types of population. continual one is represented by a large population continuously distributed in main part of the central forest reserve. discrete type (corresponding to classical one-dimensional "step model") is represented by population fragmented into a set of small subunits by landscape barriers. territories covered, biotopic diversity and time of exist ... | 2010 | 7975886 |
| density-dependent acquired resistance to ticks in natural hosts, independent of concurrent infection with babesia microti. | the question of whether the known immunosuppressive effects of babesia microti may disrupt the development of acquired resistance to its tick vector, ixodes trianguliceps, in natural rodent hosts (clethrionomys glareolus), and thus enhance the disease transmission potential, is addressed experimentally. the results show for the first time that natural hosts can acquire resistance to ticks; that this acquired resistance is manifested chiefly by a strongly density-dependent reduction in the percen ... | 1994 | 8008455 |
| cryptosporidiosis in poland: clinical, epidemiologic and parasitologic aspects. | stool samples from 692 children hospitalized with symptoms of gastroenteritis, were examined for cryptosporidium parvum. the oocysts were found in 17 (2.4%) children. there was no association with age, sex or location of household. however, relatively higher rate of oocyst exclusion was found among 2-month- to 3-year-old groups (50%) and among children from villages (43%). six children from the group of infected were additionally screened for general immunocompetence. four of these exhibited sig ... | 1993 | 8013931 |
| the curious normality of the synaptic association between the sex chromosomes of two arvicoline rodents: microtus oeconomus and clethrionomys glareolus. | in all eight species of arvicoline (microtine) rodents previously described, the x and y chromosomes have remained asynaptic throughout pachynema. since synapsis is presumed to be a prerequisite for crossing over, it has been concluded that the sex chromosomes in these species are also achiasmatic, but the mechanism(s) of their disjunction remains an enigma. their asynaptic, achiasmatic condition has been attributed to loss of the pseudoautosomal region (borodin et al. 1991; carnero et al. 1991; ... | 1994 | 8083057 |
| an epidemiologic study of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in bashkirtostan (russia) and sweden. | the incidence and antibody prevalence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in bashkirtostan (european part of russia) and northern sweden was compared with the abundance of clethrionomys glareolus (bank voles) in the two areas. in bashkirtostan, 10% of the women and 15% of the men were found to be antibody positive. the corresponding figures for sweden were 8% and 16% for women and men, respectively. the annual incidence of hfrs in bashkirtostan was 50 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, w ... | 1993 | 8100119 |
| igg avidity assay for estimation of the time after onset of hantavirus infection in colonized and wild bank voles. | an immunoglobulin g avidity assay was used to determine recent and past hantavirus infection in bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus). sera of experimentally infected bank voles were studied at different time intervals. the avidity of specific igg increased over time after infection. this experimental data were used to estimate the time after onset of hantavirus infection in naturally infected bank voles caught in an endemic area. the possibility to discriminate between recently infected animals ... | 1993 | 8104397 |
| tick-borne encephalitis virus activity in styria, austria. | from 3,404 ixodes ricinus ticks collected in 12 localities of styria, austria in 1990, 15 tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus isolates were recovered. minimal field infection rate reached 4.4 virus containing ticks out of 1,000 collected ticks. five isolates of tbe virus were obtained from target organs of apodemus flavicollis trapped in locality wagnitz. in a serosurvey based on virus neutralizing antibodies high prevalence of tbe virus was demonstrated in a. flavicollis (47.9%) and clethrionom ... | 1993 | 8105665 |
| sequences of wild puumala virus genes show a correlation of genetic variation with geographic origin of the strains. | an experimental scheme was developed for direct sequence analysis of puumala virus-containing specimens from wild rodents (clethrionomys glareolus). total rna isolated from rodent lung tissues was reverse-transcribed in the presence of a universal 11 nucleotide primer complementary to all three viral rna segments followed by amplification in a pcr with gene-specific primers. a full-length pcr product of approximately 1800 bp from the s segment encoding the viral nucleoprotein and a product of ap ... | 1994 | 8113763 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidium sp. in peak density microtus agrestis, microtus oeconomus and clethrionomys glareolus populations. | the prevalence of cryptosporidia was determined in high density populations of microtus agrestis, microtus oeconomus, and clethrionomys glareolus in finland. one of 131 m. agrestis and one of 41 c. glareolus each were found to be infected with cryptosporidium sp.; none were found in 43 microtus oeconomus. these apparently healthy voles had neither signs of clinical disease nor histopathological changes in intestines. | 1994 | 8151812 |
| change in phenotype of tick-borne encephalitis virus following passage in ixodes ricinus ticks and associated amino acid substitution in the envelope protein. | serial passage of an uncloned tick-borne encephalitis virus (strain 4387 isolated from the liver and lungs of a bank vole) in ixodes ricinus ticks, was accompanied by gradual reduction in virulence of the virus, as indicated by transmission of virus by infected ticks feeding on laboratory mice. after the 7th serial passage in ticks (strain 4387/7), 95% of mice survived the bite of infected ticks. the surviving infected mice showed either no or only low viraemia although virus could be isolated f ... | 1994 | 8191785 |
| the prevalence of small terrestrial mammals infected with tick-borne encephalitis virus and leptospirae in the foothills of the southern bavarian forest, germany. | in the district of grafenau/freyung (bavaria, germany), 266 specimens of small terrestrial mammals of 8 species were captured using live traps. from these mammals, apodemus flavicollis (42.1%) and clethrionomys glareolus (39.5%) were prevalent. all animals were tested for neutralizing antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus and agglutinating antibodies to leptospirae. seropositivity against tbe virus was 14.0% and against leptospirae 7.9%, respectively. seropositivity to leptospirae ap ... | 1993 | 8298661 |
| catenotaenia henttoneni sp. n. (cestoda: catenotaeniidae), a parasite of voles clethrionomys glareolus and c. rutilus (rodentia). | a description of a new tapeworm species, catenotaenia henttoneni, parasitizing the voles clethrionomys glareolus and c. rutilus (arvicolidae) in finnish lapland, is given. we show that all catenotaenia from arvicolid rodents in europe, usually described as c. cricetorum kirschenblat, 1949, evidently represent the species c. henttoneni. | 1993 | 8325563 |
| borrelia burgdorferi in a focus of lyme borreliosis: epizootiologic contribution of small mammals. | the contribution of woodmice (apodemus sylvaticus), yellow-necked mice (apodemus flavicollis) and bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) was compared in a focus of lyme borreliosis in switzerland during a 7 months' study. all three species of mice and one species of shrews (sorex araneus) were shown parasitized by infected ixodes ricinus immatures. about 14% of larvae and 50% of nymphs collected on small mammals were infected with b. burgdorferi. spirochetes were isolated from blood of 3 woodmice ... | 1993 | 8325567 |
| seasonal variation in the capacity of the bank vole to infect larval ticks (acari: ixodidae) with the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. | seasonal variation in the capacity of bank voles, clethrionomys glareolus (schreber), to infect larval ixodes ricinus (l.) ticks with borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner was examined from may through october 1991 at bogesund, near stockholm in south-central sweden. although larval infestations of bank voles were greatest in june and july, nearly 70% of all larval ticks infected with spirochetes by bank voles at this site became infected during august and september. ... | 1993 | 8360909 |
| anti-idiotypic antibodies against puumala virus glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies inhibit virus infection in cell cultures. | rabbit anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-ids) were generated against three bank vole and one human monoclonal antibody (mab) specific for the two envelope glycoproteins of puumala virus (g1 and g2). the anti-ids were purified by sequential immunoaffinity chromatography. each anti-id inhibited the antigen binding of its respective mab in a competitive elisa. this inhibition, and the absence of cross-reactivity among the anti-ids for heterologous mabs, showed that they all were specific for unique d ... | 1993 | 8379850 |
| the effect of diet quality on gut anatomy in british voles (microtinae). | three species of british voles, the bank vole clethrionomys glareolus, the field vole microtus agrestis and the water vole arvicola terrestris were maintained on diets of seed and plant leaf material to investigate changes in gut anatomy. c. glareolus and m. agrestis showed significant changes in most regions of the gut; they developed longer and heavier tracts when on a high-fibre diet. this response may be important in enabling these animals to withstand seasonal changes in diet quality. | 1993 | 8408846 |
| maintenance by hares of european borrelia burgdorferi in ecosystems without rodents. | during may-october 1991 shrews (sorex spp.), small rodents (apodemus spp., clethrionomys glareolus [schreber]), and hares (lepus spp.) were sampled near stockholm, sweden. nymphal ixodes ricinus (l.) derived from blood-engorged larvae collected from these mammals were investigated by phase-contrast microscopy and immunofluorescence assay (ifa) using the monoclonal antibody h6831 directed against the ospb protein of borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner. three rodent s ... | 1993 | 8433337 |
| susceptibility of human cells to puumala virus infection. | nephropathia epidemica involves several organs including kidney, lung, liver and brain. to investigate the susceptibility of putative target cells to the agent responsible, puumala virus, we screened established human cell lines of lung (wi-38, a-427, ccd-11lu), kidney (a-704), liver (hep g2), pharynx (detroit 562), submaxillary gland (a-253) and neural (sk-n-mc, sh-sy5y) origin as well as primary human kidney glomerular cells, endothelial cells and peripheral blood monocytes/macrophages. propag ... | 1993 | 8445370 |
| hormonal and photoperiod-induced changes in testicular interleukin-1-like factor in bank voles, clethrionomys glareolus. | testicular interleukin-1-like factor (til-1) is a cytokine secreted presumably by sertoli cells in several mammalian species. the function of this cytokine is unknown: til-1 may control meiosis, act as a mitogen for spermatogonia or have both of these functions. the present investigation was conducted to assess til-1 activity and its hormonal control in a seasonally breeding photoperiodic mammal during testicular maturation and photoperiod-induced regression. testicular maturation in long photop ... | 1993 | 8501717 |
| infestation of rodents with larval ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) is an important factor in the transmission cycle of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in german woodlands. | the ecology of borrelia burgdorferi johnson et al. s.l. was investigated from 1987 to 1993 in a preserved woodland in western germany near bonn. in selected biotopes, host-seeking ixodes ricinus l. were regularly collected by blanket dragging in 1987, 1988, and 1989 and screened for infection with b. burgdorferi. rodents were trapped monthly between april and october in 1988, 1990, 1991, and in the winter of 1992-1993, examined for antibodies to b. burgdorferi s.l., and inspected for feeding tic ... | 1995 | 8551503 |
| oral transmission of trypanosomes of the subgenus herpetosoma from small mammals. | the rodents microtus agrestis, clethrionomys glareolus, apodemus sylvaticus and white bk rats were given either a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, an intragastric (i.g.) inoculation or an oral (p.o.) inoculation of the culture forms, including metacyclic trypomastigotes, of trypanosoma microti, t. evotomys, t. grosi and t. lewisi, respectively. similar levels of parasitaemia were produced by each of the three routes of infection, although the prepatent period was 3-5 days shorter in the ... | 1995 | 8570586 |
| [character of reproductive losses in bank vole populations living in a habitat polluted with toxic substances]. | 1995 | 8580861 | |
| blood supply to the abdominal and pelvic regions in the mediterranean pine vole, microtus duodecimcostatus (rodentia, arvicolidae). | the abdominal and pelvic blood supply of the mediterranean pine vole (microtus duodecimcostatus) is described. a total of 13 individuals (seven males, six females) captured in the field (sanaüja, spain) were analysed by injection of coloured latex solution and subsequent dissection. the arrangements observed in all specimens show some common traits in relation to the patterns established in other arvicolidae studied (arvicola terrestris, clethrionomys glareolus, microtus h agrestis). these share ... | 1995 | 8588705 |
| is the small mammal (clethrionomys glareolus) or the tick vector (ixodes ricinus) the primary overwintering reservoir for the lyme borreliosis spirochete in sweden? | we determined the capacity of bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) to infect feeding ixodes ricinus ticks with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (infectivity), during june to october 1991 and june to september 1992 in south-central sweden. in both years, the infectivity of older voles to ticks was higher in august to september (48% to 59%) than in june to july (20% to 32%). we propose that the infectivity of bank vole populations in sweden decreases during winter and spring due to death of highly ... | 1995 | 8592387 |
| [leptospira infected rat population as probable cause of a fatal case of weil's disease]. | in the summer of 1992 a patient died of a leptospiral infection which he probably had contracted while he was swimming in an artificial lake in the region of tübingen/reutlingen. regarding the epidemiological role of leptospirosis the rodent population was investigated, because rats and mice were often seen in the surrounding area. 11 rats and 20 mice could be trapped. from their urine or kidneys two leptospiral serovars were isolated: serovar copenhageni from rattus norvegicus and serovar saxko ... | 1995 | 8593131 |
| fluoride accumulation and toxicity in laboratory populations of wild small mammals and white mice. | a laboratory experiment was conducted to compare the toxicological response and metabolism of inorganic fluoride by three species of wild mammals and laboratory white mice (mus musculus l.). the experimental populations of the wild species--the short-tailed field vole (microtus agrestis l.), the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus l.) and the the wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus l.)--were laboratory reared from wild stock, and all test animals were exposed to 0, 40 or 80 microgram f per ml in thei ... | 1995 | 8603928 |
| characterization of puumala virus nucleocapsid protein: identification of b-cell epitopes and domains involved in protective immunity. | b-cell epitopes in the nucleocapsid protein (n) of puumala (puu) virus were investigated by use of truncated recombinant proteins and overlapping peptides. six of seven epitopes, recognized by bank vole monoclonal antibodies, were localized within the amino-terminal region of the protein (aa 1-79). polyclonal antibodies from wild-trapped or experimentally infected bank voles identified epitopes located over the entire protein. antibody end-point titers to different n fragments indicated that the ... | 1996 | 8607269 |
| hantavirus antigen detection using human serum immunoglobulin m as the capturing antibody in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to detect different hantavirus antigens in cell culture; i.e. puumala (puu), hantaan (htn), and dobrava (dob) viruses. the assay was based on binding human serum immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies to the solid phase by use of goat anti-igm antibodies. the captured igm antibodies were present in the acute phase serum from two patients: one infected in sweden and the other in bosnia. antigens being bound to the solid phase by the human anti ... | 1996 | 8615449 |
| importance of localized skin infection in tick-borne encephalitis virus transmission. | arboviruses are transmitted to vertebrates by the "bite" of infected arthropods. events at the site of virus deposition are largely unknown despite increasing evidence that blood-sucking arthropods immunomodulate their skin site of feeding. this question is particularly relevant for ixodid ticks that feed for several days. to examine events under conditions mimicking tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus transmission in nature (i.e., infected and uninfected ixodes ricinus ticks feeding on the same ... | 1996 | 8638401 |
| [dynamics of sizes of daily home ranges of female bank voles during the breeding period]. | 1995 | 8640119 | |
| photoperiodic elevation of testicular zinc protects seminiferous tubules against fluoride toxicity in the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus). | recent work has shown that a high fluoride (f) intake in rodents leads to histopathologic changes in the germinal epithelium of testes and to zinc deficiency in the testis and several other organs. the purpose of the present study was to determine whether an elecvation of testicular zinc concentration during fluoride exposure could protect the testes of bank vole from damage. the elevation of testicular zinc was achieved by exposing the bank voles to a long photoperiod (16 hr light/8 hr dark). t ... | 1996 | 8665403 |
| serological survey for orthopoxvirus infection of wild mammals in areas where a recombinant rabies virus is used to vaccinate foxes. | several fox vaccination campaigns against rabies have been undertaken in belgium by using a vaccinia-rabies recombinant virus distributed in baits in the field. however, foxes and other wild animals that may ingest the baits could be infected at the same time by another orthopoxvirus, such as cowpox virus, which circulates in wildlife. recombination between the two viruses could therefore occur. a serological survey for antibodies to orthopoxvirus, and particularly to cowpox virus, was undertake ... | 1996 | 8734505 |
| immunocytochemical demonstration of androgen receptors in leydig cells of the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus, schreber): an in vitro study. | androgen receptors of the bank vole leydig cells in vitro were immunostained using a polyclonal antibody against androgen receptors followed by streptavidine-peroxidase complex or rhodamine-labelled goat anti-rabbit igg visualization. the immunocytochemical studies revealed localization of androgen receptors in the whole cytoplasm or in the perinuclear area of the cells. addition of dehydroepiandrosterone into the culture medium resulted in nuclear localization of the androgen receptors. long (1 ... | 1996 | 8739300 |
| a comparison of phase contrast microscopy and an immunofluorescence test for the detection of giardia spp. in faecal specimens from cattle and wild rodents. | as part of a study on the presence of giardia cysts in water, a commercial direct immunofluorescence (dif) test for the cysts was evaluated and compared to phase contrast microscopy. forty faecal samples were collected from cattle; 31 contained giardia. all 31 samples were positive by dif whereas only 17 were detected by microscopy. the detected giardia cysts were identified as belonging to the g. duodenalis group. 216 faecal samples were collected from wild rodents (apodemus flavicollis, a. syl ... | 1996 | 8758066 |
| seasonal incidence of ixodes ricinus ticks (acari:ixodidae) on rodents in western france. | data collected from a longitudinal survey carried out over 2 years on four farms in western france were used to assess the incidence and infestation of ixodes ricinus on rodents. once a month, on each farm, 25 sherman live traps were set in hedges bordering selected pastures. a total of 799 micromammals were examined, including apodemus sylvaticus, clethrionomys glareolus, microtus agrestis, microtus arvalis, and crocidura spp. larvae and nymphs of i. ricinus were found. small numbers of ixodes ... | 1996 | 8771769 |
| vector-borne viral diseases in sweden--a short review. | ockelbo disease, caused by a sindbis-related virus transmitted to man by mosquitoes, was first described in the central part of sweden in the 1960s as clusters of patients with fever, arthralgia and rash. an average annual rate of 30 cases was recorded in the 1980s but no cases have been diagnosed during the last few years. nephropathia epidemica (ne) characterized by fever, abdominal pain and renal dysfunction has been known to cause considerable morbidity in sweden during the last 60 years but ... | 1996 | 8800805 |
| low ambient temperature decreases cadmium accumulation in the liver and kidneys of the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus). | the importance of photoperiod and ambient temperature on the accumulation of cadmium in the liver and kidneys of bank voles was determined in the present study. males and females, aged 1 month, were given 3.0 micrograms cd ml-1 drinking water and divided into four groups according to photoperiod (16 h light/8 h dark and 8 h light/16 h dark) and ambient temperature (20 or 5 degrees c); liver and kidneys were removed for cadmium as well as copper, iron and zinc analyses at the end of 6 weeks. bank ... | 1996 | 8837457 |
| nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the m and s genome segments of a swedish puumala virus isolate. | the swedish puumala (puu) virus strain vindeln 83-l20, isolated from a bank vole trapped in 1983 near vindeln, västerbotten county, sweden, was characterized by nucleotide sequence analysis. the coding region of the m segment was determined by pcr followed by direct sequencing and the entire s segment was characterized by cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis. the genomic organization was found to be very similar to that of other puu virus strains regarding open reading frames, polypeptide si ... | 1995 | 8837894 |
| a combined stereotaxic adaptor and anaesthesia apparatus for microdialysis studies in small rodents. | intracerebral microdialysis in the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) challenges the accuracy and precision of the stereotaxic implantation technique because of the small brain size. in this paper, a miniaturized stereotaxic head holder is described that allows precise alignment of bone landmarks on the skull and prevents all movement after fixation by clamping the skull symmetrically at the os parietale and at the os nasale. in addition, the head holder is adapted for inhalation anaesthetic de ... | 1996 | 8884616 |
| distribution and genetic heterogeneity of puumala virus in sweden. | small mammals trapped in sweden were analysed for specific antibody responses against three hantavirus serotypes and for the presence of viral antigen. to determine the genetic identity of viral rna in lungs of seropositive bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus), polymerase chain reactions and subsequent partial sequencing of both the m and s segments were employed. the sequences obtained were all identified as puumala (puu) virus, with a high degree of heterogeneity between the different geograph ... | 1996 | 8887490 |
| variability of sex ratio, mating probability and egg production in an intestinal nematode in its fluctuating host population. | in dioecious parasites, the chances of co-occurring with the opposite sex depend on the sex ratio, abundance and distribution pattern of parasites within the host population. theory suggests that if the abundance and degree of aggregation are very low, mating probability may decrease so much that the parasite population is vulnerable to extinction. our aim is to determine the factors affecting the mating probability and egg production in heligmosomum mixtum (heligmosomidae), an intestinal nemato ... | 1996 | 8894767 |
| [the topographic zoning of natural hfrs foci in russia]. | using large selections the unified system of landscape districting of hfrs natural foci with allocation of special geo-botanical provinces has been developed. this permits to avoid various deviations were found to appear during association of epizootiological and epidemiological indexes of separate towns and rural districts when estimating regional parameters. adequacy of the offered system in confirmed by five-fold increase of the correlation between hfrs epizootiological parameters and antibod ... | 1996 | 8926930 |
| [the isolation of borrelia from the tick ixodes trianguliceps (ixodidae) and the possible significance of this species in the epizootiology of ixodid tick-borne borrelioses]. | ixodes trianguliceps is a common tick species of the eurasian forest zone. these ticks live probably in natural foci of ixodid tick-borne borrelioses (itbb) from western europe to transbaikalia, but their role in circulation of corresponding pathogens remains unclear. this study was performed in a natural itbb focus located in the perm region of russia (near the urals), where borrelia garinii and b. afzelii circulate and i. persulcatus serves as their main vector. in july-august of 1994, 296 sma ... | 1996 | 8975209 |
| safety study of the sag2 rabies virus mutant in several non-target species with a view to its future use for the immunization of foxes in europe. | the safety of the sag2 virus, a low virulence mutant of the sad strain, was investigated in ten species of mammals and seven species of birds liable to consume vaccine baits. these species are the western hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus), the meadow vole (microtus arvalis), the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus), the water vole (arvicola terrestris), the field mouse (apodemus flavicollis or a. sylvaticus), the norway rat (rattus norvegicus), the european badger (meles meles), the domestic ferret ... | 1996 | 9014291 |
| [leptospira antibodies in small mammals in eastern slovakia]. | during the five years (1991-1995) mostly free living small mammals were examined serologically for the presence of antibodies to leptospira. serological examinations were used by kmety and bakoss (1978). altogether, 2493 individuals of 22 species were examined, an important part of host material (69.6%) was caught in two lowland areas which are intensively cultivated landscapes (east slovakian lowland and kosická kotlina basin). the remaining material comes from submontane areas with less agricu ... | 1996 | 9045500 |
| cowpox in british voles and mice. | serosurveys indicate that bank voles, field voles and woodmice are probably reservoir hosts of cowpox virus in western europe, although virus has not yet been isolated from these species. in this study, bank voles, field voles, woodmice and laboratory mice were shown to be susceptible to combined intradermal and subcutaneous inoculation with 3-20 plaque-forming units (pfu) of cowpox virus. bank and field voles, but not laboratory mice, were also susceptible to combined oral and nasal inoculation ... | 1997 | 9076598 |
| photoperiod-induced changes in androgen receptor expression in testes and accessory sex glands of the bank vole, clethrionomys glareolus. | photoperiodic modulation of androgen levels and androgen receptor (ar) expression in testes and accessory sex glands were studied in a seasonally breeding rodent, the bank vole. juvenile voles subjected to long photoperiod (20l:4d) for 6-8 wk attained sexual maturity, which was associated with a prominent increase in testicular testosterone (t) levels and weight of testes and accessory sex glands. pubertal development in short photoperiod-treated (6l:18d for 6-8 wk) juveniles was arrested, and s ... | 1997 | 9096871 |