Publications

[hantaviruses in germany: threat for zoo, pet, companion and farm animals?].	hantaviruses are so-called "emerging" and "re-emerging" viruses because of the new and sudden nature of their appearance. human infections can lead to two distinct disease patterns, the haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and the hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. all known human pathogenic hantaviruses are transmitted through rodent hosts. there are three rodent-associated hantaviruses in germany. the bank vole-associated puumala virus (puuv) is responsible for most of the human hantavirus ...	2014	24511827
contrasting patterns of structural host specificity of two species of heligmosomoides nematodes in sympatric rodents.	host specificity is a fundamental property of parasites. whereas most studies focus on measures of specificity on host range, only few studies have considered quantitative aspects such as infection intensity or prevalence. the relative importance of these quantitative aspects is still unclear, mainly because of methodological constraints, yet central to a precise assessment of host specificity. here, we assessed simultaneously two quantitative measures of host specificity of heligmosomoides glar ...	2014	25273630
landscape features and helminth co-infection shape bank vole immunoheterogeneity, with consequences for puumala virus epidemiology.	heterogeneity in environmental conditions helps to maintain genetic and phenotypic diversity in ecosystems. as such, it may explain why the capacity of animals to mount immune responses is highly variable. the quality of habitat patches, in terms of resources, parasitism, predation and habitat fragmentation may, for example, trigger trade-offs ultimately affecting the investment of individuals in various immunological pathways. we described spatial immunoheterogeneity in bank vole populations wi ...	2014	24149655
ljungan virus is endemic in rodents in the uk.	ljungan virus is a recently identified member of the family picornaviridae that was isolated from bank voles in sweden. ljv has been associated with [corrected] type 1 diabetes-like symptoms and myocarditis in bank voles (myodes glareolus), and it has been suggested that it has zoonotic potential. here, we show for the first time that ljungan virus is prevalent (20-27 % positive by pcr) in four species of uk rodent (myodes glareolus [bank vole], apodemus sylvaticus [wood mouse], microtus agresti ...	2014	23665770
muju virus, harbored by myodes regulus in korea, might represent a genetic variant of puumala virus, the prototype arvicolid rodent-borne hantavirus.	the genome of muju virus (mujv), identified originally in the royal vole (myodes regulus) in korea, was fully sequenced to ascertain its genetic and phylogenetic relationship with puumala virus (puuv), harbored by the bank vole (my. glareolus), and a puuv-like virus, named hokkaido virus (hokv), in the grey red-backed vole (my. rufocanus) in japan. whole genome sequence analysis of the 6544-nucleotide large (l), 3652-nucleotide medium (m) and 1831-nucleotide small (s) segments of mujv, as well a ...	2014	24736214
the importance of bank vole density and rainy winters in predicting nephropathia epidemica incidence in northern sweden.	pathogenic hantaviruses (family bunyaviridae, genus hantavirus) are rodent-borne viruses causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in eurasia. in europe, there are more than 10,000 yearly cases of nephropathia epidemica (ne), a mild form of hfrs caused by puumala virus (puuv). the common and widely distributed bank vole (myodes glareolus) is the host of puuv. in this study, we aim to explain and predict ne incidence in boreal sweden using bank vole densities. we tested whether the num ...	2014	25391132
identification of factors influencing the puumala virus seroprevalence within its reservoir in amontane forest environment.	puumala virus (puuv) is a major cause of mild to moderate haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and is transmitted by the bank vole (myodes glareolus). there has been a high cumulative incidence of recorded human cases in south-eastern germany since 2004 when the region was first recognized as being endemic for puuv. as the area is well known for outdoor recreation and the bavarian forest national park (bfnp) is located in the region, the increasing numbers of recorded cases are of concern. to ...	2014	25341661
puumala hantavirus infection alters the odour attractiveness of its reservoir host.	the random-mixing assumptions of many parasite-transmission models are challenged if healthy individuals can alter their behaviour to reduce their risk of infection. some pathogens reduce the attractiveness of their hosts' excretions, for example, potentially altering contact rates and thus the predicted force of infection for pathogens transmissible by contact with excretions. for bank voles (myodes glareolus), contact with contaminated urine is an important route of transmission for puumala ha ...	2014	25209840
range expansion of ixodes ricinus to higher altitude, and co-infestation of small rodents with dermacentor marginatus in the northern apennines, italy.	immature ticks (ixodes ricinus and dermacentor marginatus) were collected from small rodents (apodemus spp. and myodes glareolus), in the northern apennines, italy, at an altitude up to 1650 m above sea level (a.s.l.), from 2009 through 2012. while d. marginatus had been found at the same location in studies carried out in 1994, i. ricinus was very rare or absent. prevalence (95% confidence interval) of infestation by i. ricinus larvae on apodemus spp. was 54.4% (47.5, 61.2), and it was greater ...	2014	25139531
characterisation of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) in a terrestrial ecosystem near a fluorochemical plant in flanders, belgium.	bioaccumulation of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) in a restricted terrestrial food chain was investigated with the omnivorous wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus) on top of the studied food chain. the levels detected are very high compared with literature as a result of the presence of fluorochemical plant in the immediate vicinity of the study area. soil, surface water, fruits of european elder and common blackberry, invertebrates, bank vole and wood mouse were collected at two sites, e.g. blokke ...	2014	24385186
leptospira spp. in rodents and shrews in germany.	leptospirosis is an acute, febrile disease occurring in humans and animals worldwide. leptospira spp. are usually transmitted through direct or indirect contact with the urine of infected reservoir animals. among wildlife species, rodents act as the most important reservoir for both human and animal infection. to gain a better understanding of the occurrence and distribution of pathogenic leptospires in rodent and shrew populations in germany, kidney specimens of 2973 animals from 11 of the 16 f ...	2014	25062275
small mammals as biomonitors of metal pollution: a case study in slovenia.	the transfer of lead, cadmium, zinc, mercury, copper and molybdenum from soil to the tissues of small mammals inhabiting differently polluted areas in slovenia was investigated. metals were determined in soil samples and in the livers of 139 individuals of five small mammal species, collected in 2012 in the vicinity of a former lead smelter, the largest slovenian thermal power plant, along a main road and in a control area. the area in the vicinity of former lead smelter differs considerably fro ...	2014	24619365
first molecular evidence for puumala hantavirus in poland.	puumala virus (puuv) causes mild to moderate cases of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), and is responsible for the majority of hantavirus infections of humans in fennoscandia, central and western europe. although there are relatively many puuv sequences available from different european countries, little is known about the presence of this virus in poland. during population studies in 2009 a total of 45 bank voles were trapped at three sites in north-eastern poland, namely islands o ...	2014	24452006
molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of tick-borne encephalitis virus in rodents captured in the transdanubian region of hungary.	abstract tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) infection is a common zoonotic disease affecting humans in europe and asia. to determine whether tbev is present in small mammalian hosts in hungary, liver samples of wild rodents were tested for tbev rna. over a period of 7 years, a total of 405 rodents were collected at five different geographic locations of the transdanubian region. tbev nucleic acid was identified in four rodent species: apodemus agrarius, a. flavicollis, microtus arvalis, and my ...	2014	25072995
full genome sequences and preliminary molecular characterization of three tick-borne encephalitis virus strains isolated from ticks and a bank vole in slovak republic.	the full genome sequences of three tick-borne encephalitis virus strains, two isolated from ixodes ricinus ticks and one from the brain of a bank vole, myodes glareolus, originating from the slovak republic were determined. nucleotide sequences were found to be very similar (>99.5 % nt-identity) with only one distinct amino acid (aa) difference to each other. they all shared 30 aa-changes when compared to type strain neudoerfl, isolated in neighboring austria. an internal poly(a)-stretch similar ...	2014	24068495
identification of novel anelloviruses with broad diversity in uk rodents.	anelloviruses are a family of small circular ssdna viruses with a vast genetic diversity. human infections with the prototype anellovirus, torque teno virus (ttv), are ubiquitous and related viruses have been described in a number of other mammalian hosts. despite over 15 years of investigation, there is still little known about the pathogenesis and possible disease associations of anellovirus infections, arising in part due to the lack of a robust cell culture system for viral replication or tr ...	2014	24744300
variable effects of host characteristics on species richness of flea infracommunities in rodents from three continents.	we studied the effect of host gender and body mass on species richness of flea infracommunities in nine rodent host species from three biomes (temperate zone of central europe, desert of the middle east and the tropics of east africa). using season- and species-specific generalized linear mixed models and controlling for year-to-year variation, spatial clustering of rodent sampling and over-dispersion of the data, we found inconsistent associations between host characteristics and flea species r ...	2014	24820040
could myocarditis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and guillain-barré syndrome be caused by one or more infectious agents carried by rodents?	the numbers of small rodents in northern sweden fluctuate heavily, peaking every 3 or 4 years. we found that the incidence of guillain-barré syndrome and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, as well as the number of deaths caused by myocarditis, followed the fluctuations in numbers of bank voles, although with different time lags. an environmental factor, such as an infectious agent, has been suggested for all three diseases. we hypothesize that guillain-barré syndrome, myocarditis, and insulin- ...	2014	9621189
further investigation of risk elements content in the bones of wild rodents from a polluted area in slovakia.	wild rodents are suitable for monitoring environmental pollution and exposure risk assessment for people living in contaminated areas. the content of selected risk elements in the femora of bank vole (myodes glareolus), yellow-necked mouse (apodemus flavicollis) and wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus) was estimated from the kolíňany area of slovakia, which is characterized by a high degree of environmental pollution. the rodents were trapped in february 2011 using standard theriological methods. al ...	2015	26303124
occurrence and maintenance of hantavirus infections among rodent populations in their natural habitat--results of a field study from podkarpackie province, poland 2010-2012.	human cases of hantavirus infection have been reported annually in poland's podkarpackie province, since 2007. in 2014 the number of cases reported significantly increased prompting a rise in studies focusing on the infection.	2015	26233088
risk assessment of metals and pahs for receptor organisms in differently polluted areas in slovenia.	samples from receptor organisms (small mammals, passerine birds) and their food sources (herbaceous plants, leaves and fruits of wood plants, earthworms) were collected during 2011-2014 from the vicinity of a former lead smelter, from the vicinity of the largest slovenian thermal power plant, from along a state road and also from a reference area. the samples were then analysed to determine the degree of contamination with the metals (pb, cd, zn, hg, cu, mo) and with polycyclic aromatic hydrocar ...	2015	26086372
host preferences of immature dermacentor reticulatus (acari: ixodidae) in a forest habitat in germany.	dermacentor reticulatus is widespread throughout europe and is expanding its range in several european countries. it is associated with a number of different pathogens. its role in the transmission of disease to humans is currently small; however, it might play an important role in the maintenance of pathogens in enzootic cycles. the ecology of d. reticulatus, especially of the immatures, is not well known. in this study, ticks from small mammals, caught in a capture-mark-release study between m ...	2015	25983104
host-associated differences in morphometric traits of parasitic larvae hirsutiella zachvatkini (actinotrichida: trombiculidae).	examination of host-associated variation in the chigger mite hirsutiella zachvatkini (schluger) revealed morphological differences among larvae infesting sympatric hosts: apodemus agrarius, apodemus flavicollis and myodes glareolus. the analysis included 61 variables of larvae obtained from their gnathosoma, idiosoma and legs (measurements and counts). statistically significant differences were observed for metric characters of the legs as opposed to the scutum. in view of the conspecificity of ...	2015	26002309
sex differences in flea infections among rodent hosts: is there a male bias?	recognizing patterns of parasite distribution among wildlife hosts is of major importance due to growing risk of transmission of zoonotic diseases to humans. thus, sex-dependent parasite distribution in higher vertebrates is extensively studied, and males are often found more parasitized than females. male-biased parasitism may be the result of weaker immunocompetence of male hosts owing to the immunosuppressive effect of androgens. moreover, larger hosts (males) may demonstrate higher parasite ...	2015	25410932
bank vole prion protein as an apparently universal substrate for rt-quic-based detection and discrimination of prion strains.	prions propagate as multiple strains in a wide variety of mammalian species. the detection of all such strains by a single ultrasensitive assay such as real time quaking-induced conversion (rt-quic) would facilitate prion disease diagnosis, surveillance and research. previous studies have shown that bank voles, and transgenic mice expressing bank vole prion protein, are susceptible to most, if not all, types of prions. here we show that bacterially expressed recombinant bank vole prion protein ( ...	2015	26086786
bank voles show high seropositivity rates in a natural tbev focus in hungary.	rodents captured in a known tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) focus were serologically surveyed for 4 years, with 28 visits. the collected sera were analysed by virus neutralization test. bank vole (myodes glareolus) had a significantly higher incidence rate of antibodies to tbev (20.5%) than apodemus flavicollis (3.7%) and apodemus agrarius (4.6%). in all species, rates were higher in adults (6.8%) than in juveniles (1.7%). a higher incidence rate was observed in female a. flavicollis indivi ...	2015	25549698
identification of two novel members of the tentative genus wukipolyomavirus in wild rodents.	two novel polyomaviruses (pyvs) were identified in kidney and chest-cavity fluid samples of wild bank voles (myodes glareolus) and common voles (microtus arvalis) collected in germany. all cloned and sequenced genomes had the typical pyv genome organization, including putative open reading frames for early regulatory proteins large t antigen and small t antigen on one strand and for structural late proteins (vp1, vp2 and vp3) on the other strand. virus-like particles (vlps) were generated by yea ...	2015	26474048
analysis on population level reveals trappability of wild rodents is determined by previous trap occupant.	live trapping is central to the study of small mammals. thus, any bias needs to be understood and accounted for in subsequent analyses to ensure accurate population estimates. one rarely considered bias is the behavioural response of individuals to the trap, in particular the olfactory cues left behind by previous occupants (po). we used a data set of 8,115 trap nights spanning 17 separate trapping sessions between august 2002 and november 2013 in wytham woods, oxfordshire, uk to examine if the ...	2015	26689683
further characterisation of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy phenotypes after inoculation of cattle with two temporally separated sources of sheep scrapie from great britain.	the infectious agent responsible for the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) epidemic in great britain is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (tse) strain with uniform properties but the origin of this strain remains unknown. based on the hypothesis that classical bse may have been caused by a tse strain present in sheep, cattle were inoculated intracerebrally with two different pools of brains from scrapie-affected sheep sourced prior to and during the bse epidemic to investigate resul ...	2015	26205536
female host sex-biased parasitism with the rodent stomach nematode mastophorus muris in wild bank voles (myodes glareolus).	abundance and prevalence of helminth infections often differ between host sexes, and are usually biased in favor of males. relatively few cases of female-biased parasitism have been reported. we sampled bank voles in three woodland sites in n.e. poland over 11 years at 3-4-year intervals, and assessed their parasite burdens. prevalence and abundance of the stomach nematode mastophorus muris were consistently higher among females. among adult female bank voles from the two sites that showed the h ...	2015	25395256
quantifying the past and future impact of climate on outbreak patterns of bank voles (myodes glareolus).	central european outbreak populations of the bank vole (myodes glareolus schreber) are known to cause damage in forestry and to transmit the most common type of hantavirus (puumala virus, puuv) to humans. a sound estimation of potential effects of future climate scenarios on population dynamics is a prerequisite for long-term management strategies. historic abundance time series were used to identify the key weather conditions associated with bank vole abundance, and were extrapolated to future ...	2015	24889216
hokkaido genotype of puumala virus in the grey red-backed vole (myodes rufocanus) and northern red-backed vole (myodes rutilus) in siberia.	three species of myodes voles known to harbor hantaviruses include the bank vole (myodes glareolus), which serves as the reservoir host of puumala virus (puuv), the prototype arvicolid rodent-borne hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in europe, and the grey red-backed vole (myodes rufocanus) and royal vole (myodes regulus) which carry two puuv-like hantaviruses, designated hokkaido virus (hokv) and muju virus (mujv), respectively. to ascertain the hantavirus harbored ...	2015	26003760
complete genome of a puumala virus strain from central europe.	puumala virus (puuv) is one of the predominant hantavirus species in europe causing mild to moderate cases of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. parts of lower saxony in north-western germany are endemic for puuv infections. in this study, the complete puuv genome sequence of a bank vole-derived tissue sample from the 2007 outbreak was determined by a combined primer-walking and rna ligation strategy. the s, m and l genome segments were 1,828, 3,680 and 6,550 nucleotides in length, respecti ...	2015	25543297
possible role of different animal species in maintenance and spread of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 in the nature.	murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (mhv-68), isolated from a bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) in slovakia in 1976 is a natural pathogen of wild murid rodents. this review is focused to biological properties of this pathogen, the mode of its maintenance in murid rodents as reservoir animals, mechanisms of its spread to other animals in the same biotope as well as to livestock and household animals. potential role of ticks as vectors and the possibility of infection of humans with this virus are consid ...	2015	25790046
complete genome and phylogeny of puumala hantavirus isolates circulating in france.	puumala virus (puuv) is the agent of nephropathia epidemica (ne), a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in europe. ne incidence presents a high spatial variation throughout france, while the geographical distribution of the wild reservoir of puuv, the bank vole, is rather continuous. a missing piece of the puzzle is the current distribution and the genetic variation of puuv in france, which has been overlooked until now and remains poorly understood. during a population sur ...	2015	26506370
beech fructification and bank vole population dynamics--combined analyses of promoters of human puumala virus infections in germany.	the transmission of wildlife zoonoses to humans depends, amongst others, on complex interactions of host population ecology and pathogen dynamics within host populations. in europe, the puumala virus (puuv) causes nephropathia epidemica in humans. in this study we investigated complex interrelations within the epidemic system of puuv and its rodent host, the bank vole (myodes glareolus). we suggest that beech fructification and bank vole abundance are both decisive factors affecting human puuv i ...	2015	26214509
spatiotemporal dynamics of puumala hantavirus associated with its rodent host, myodes glareolus.	many viruses significantly impact human and animal health. understanding the population dynamics of these viruses and their hosts can provide important insights for epidemiology and virus evolution. puumala virus (puuv) is a european hantavirus that may cause regional outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans. here, we analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of puuv circulating in local populations of its rodent reservoir host, the bank vole (myodes glareolus) during eight years. ...	2015	26136821
physiological condition of bank voles (myodes glareolus) during the increase and decline phases of the population cycle.	the dynamics of animal populations are greatly influenced by interactions with their natural enemies and food resources. however, quantifying the relative effects of these factors on demographic rates remains a perpetual challenge for animal population ecology. food scarcity is assumed to limit the growth and to initiate the decline of cyclic herbivore populations, but this has not been verified with physiological health indices. we hypothesized that individuals in declining populations would ex ...	2015	26006298
age-related effects of chronic hantavirus infection on female host fecundity.	1. pathogens often cause detrimental effects to their hosts and, consequently, may influence host population dynamics that may, in turn, feed back to pathogen transmission dynamics. understanding fitness effects of pathogens upon animal host populations can help to predict the risks that zoonotic pathogens pose to humans. 2. here we determine whether chronic infection by puumala hantavirus (puuv) affects important fitness-related traits, namely the probability of breeding, reproductive effort an ...	2015	25965086
landscape and regional environmental analysis of the spatial distribution of hantavirus human cases in europe.	in europe, the most prevalent hantavirus, puumala virus, is transmitted by bank voles and causes nephropathia epidemica in human. the european spatial distribution of nephropathia epidemica is investigated here for the first time with a rich set of environmental variables.	2015	25874194
serological survey of seewis virus antibodies in patients suspected for hantavirus infection in finland; a cross-reaction between puumala virus antiserum with seewis virus n protein?	puumala virus (puuv, carried by myodes glareolus) co-circulates with seewis virus (swsv, carried by sorex araneus) in finland. while puuv causes 1000-3000 nephropathia epidemica (ne) cases annually, the pathogenicity of swsv to man is unknown. to study the prevalence of swsv antibodies in hantavirus fever-like patients' sera, we used recombinant swsv nucleocapsid (n) protein as the antigen in elisa, immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and immunoblotting. while characterizing the recombinant swsv n pr ...	2015	25787939
life-long shedding of puumala hantavirus in wild bank voles (myodes glareolus).	the knowledge of viral shedding patterns and viraemia in the reservoir host species is a key factor in assessing the human risk of zoonotic viruses. the shedding of hantaviruses (family bunyaviridae) by their host rodents has widely been studied experimentally, but rarely in natural settings. here we present the dynamics of puumala hantavirus (puuv) shedding and viraemia in naturally infected wild bank voles (myodes glareolus). in a monthly capture-mark-recapture study, we analysed 18 bank voles ...	2015	25701819
climate variability and the occurrence of human puumala hantavirus infections in europe: a systematic review.	hantaviruses are distributed worldwide and are transmitted by rodents. in europe, the infection usually manifests as a mild form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) known as nephropathia epidemica (ne), which is triggered by the virus species puumala. its host is the bank vole (myodes glareolus). in the context of climate change, interest in the role of climatic factors for the disease has increased. a systematic review was conducted to investigate the association between climate va ...	2015	25557350
long-term spatiotemporal stability and dynamic changes in helminth infracommunities of bank voles (myodes glareolus) in ne poland.	parasites are considered to be an important selective force in host evolution but ecological studies of host-parasite systems are usually short-term providing only snap-shots of what may be dynamic systems. we have conducted four surveys of helminths of bank voles at three ecologically similar woodland sites in ne poland, spaced over a period of 11 years, to assess the relative importance of temporal and spatial effects on helminth infracommunities. some measures of infracommunity structure main ...	2015	26442655
biased sex ratio among worms of the family heligmosomidae--searching for a mechanism.	according to fisher's principle, an equal sex ratio is an evolutionary stable strategy. however, biased sex ratios have been reported in many metazoan parasite species, although the causes and mechanisms of the observed bias are still poorly understood. in the present study, we analysed sex ratios in long-term datasets from three populations of bank voles (clethrionomys (=myodes) glareolus) infected with heligmosomum mixtum and heligmosomoides glareoli. the overall sex ratios of both species wer ...	2015	26385437
genome characterisation of two ljungan virus isolates from wild bank voles (myodes glareolus) in sweden.	ljungan virus (lv) (family picornaviridae, genus parechovirus) is a suspected zoonotic pathogen with associations to human disease in sweden. lv is a single-stranded rna virus with a positive sense genome. there are five published ljungan virus strains, three isolated from sweden and two from america, and are classified into four genotypes. a further two strains described here were isolated from wild bank voles (myodes glareolus) caught in västmanlands county, sweden in 1994. these strains were ...	2015	26375731
susceptibility to and transmission of h5n1 and h7n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in bank voles (myodes glareolus).	the study of influenza type a (ia) infections in wild mammals populations is a critical gap in our knowledge of how ia viruses evolve in novel hosts that could be in close contact with avian reservoir species and other wild animals. the aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility to infection, the nasal shedding and the transmissibility of the h7n1 and h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses in the bank vole (myodes glareolus), a wild rodent common throughout europe and as ...	2015	25963535
seroprevalence of encephalitozoon cuniculi in wild rodents, foxes and domestic cats in three sites in the united kingdom.	encephalitozoon cuniculi is an obligate intracellular microsporidian that is the causal agent of encephalitozoonosis, an important and emerging disease in both humans and animals. little is known about its occurrence in wildlife. in this study, serum samples from 793 wild rodents [178 bank voles (bv), 312 field voles (fv) and 303 wood mice (wm)], 96 foxes and 27 domestic cats from three study areas in the uk were tested for the presence of antibodies to e. cuniculi using a direct agglutination t ...	2015	23607769
diversity of enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes among small rodents in southwestern poland.	diversity of enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in wild small rodent populations still remains incomplete and only few molecular studies have been conducted among these hosts. therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether small rodents, i.e., apodemus agrarius, apodemus flavicollis, mus musculus and myodes glareolus act as hosts of e. bieneusi and can play an important role in spore spreading in the environment of south-western poland. molecular analyses were conducted to determine pa ...	2015	26520234
rickettsia species in fleas collected from small mammals in slovakia.	epidemiological and epizootiological studies of rickettsia felis and other rickettsia spp. are very important, because their natural cycle has not yet been established completely. in total, 315 fleas (siphonaptera) of 11 species of ceratophyllidae, hystrichopsyllidae and leptopsyllidae families were tested for the presence of rickettsia species and coxiella burnetii with conventional and specific quantitative real-time pcr assays. fleas were collected from five rodent hosts (myodes glareolus, ap ...	2015	26346455
coxiella burnetii (q-fever) seroprevalence in prey and predators in the united kingdom: evaluation of infection in wild rodents, foxes and domestic cats using a modified elisa.	coxiella burnetii, the agent of q-fever, is recognized as a worldwide zoonosis with a wide host range and potentially complex reservoir systems. infected ruminants are the main source of infection for humans, but cats and other mammals, including wild rodents, also represent potential sources of infection. there has been a recent upsurge of reported cases in humans, domestic ruminants and wildlife in many parts of the world, and studies have indicated that wild brown rats may act as true reservo ...	2015	24479951
serologic survey of orthopoxvirus infection among rodents in hungary.	as a result of discontinuing vaccination against smallpox after the late 1970s, different orthopoxviruses (opvs), such as cowpox virus (cpxv), have become a re-emerging healthcare threat among zoonotic pathogens. in hungary, data on opv prevalence among its rodent host species have been absent. here, rodents belonging to four species, i.e., striped field mouse (apodemus agrarius), yellow-necked mouse (a. flavicollis), wood mouse (a. sylvaticus) and bank vole (myodes glareolus), were live trapped ...	2015	25988441
[helminth fauna of the bank vole myodes glareolus (schreber, 1780) in the kizhi archipelago].	the present study was aimed to examine the specific features of the helminth fauna in insular populations of the bank vole (myodes glareolus) in the north of the species range. the material was collected in and nearby the kizhi archipelago (lake onega, 62°1' n 35°12' e) during august 1997, 2005-2007, 2012 and 2013. small mammals were trapped on 23 islands (varying from 2 to 15,000 ha) and on the mainland. helminthological met- hods were applied to examine 301 specimens of m glareolus. fourteen h ...	2015	26016335
candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis and anaplasma phagocytophilum in natural rodent and tick communities in southern hungary.	the aim of this study was to investigate the natural cycle of the new human pathogenic bacteria candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis and anaplasma phagocytophilum in southern hungary. we collected rodents with live-traps (2010-2013) and questing ticks with flagging in 2012. small mammals were euthanized, tissue samples were collected and all the ectoparasites were removed and stored in 70% alcohol. we found relatively low overall prevalence of tick infestation (8%). samples were analysed for a. ph ...	2015	25468763
molecular examinations of babesia microti in rodents and rodent-attached ticks from urban and sylvatic habitats in germany.	small mammals serve as reservoir hosts for tick-borne pathogens, especially for those which are not transmitted transovarially in ticks - such as babesia microti. molecular investigations on the prevalence of b. microti in wild small mammals and on attached ticks from differently structured areas may provide information on the circulation of b. microti in different ecological niches. in 2012 and 2013, 622 rodents (396 myodes glareolus, 178 apodemus flavicollis, 36 apodemus sylvaticus, 4 apodemus ...	2015	25922232
bank voles (myodes glareolus) and house mice (mus musculus musculus; m. m. domesticus) in europe are each parasitized by their own distinct species of aspiculuris (nematoda, oxyurida).	the molecular phylogeny and morphology of the oxyuroid nematode genus aspiculuris from voles and house mice has been examined. worms collected from myodes glareolus in poland, eire and the uk are identified as aspiculuris tianjinensis, previously known only from china, while worms from mus musculus from a range of locations in europe and from laboratory mice, all conformed to the description of aspiculuris tetraptera. worms from voles and house mice are not closely related and are not derived fr ...	2015	26302680
the generalist tick ixodes ricinus and the specialist tick ixodes trianguliceps on shrews and rodents in a northern forest ecosystem--a role of body size even among small hosts.	understanding aggregation of ticks on hosts and attachment of life stages to different host species, are central components for understanding tick-borne disease epidemiology. the generalist tick, ixodes ricinus, is a well-known vector of lyme borrelioses, while the specialist tick, ixodes trianguliceps, feeding only on small mammals, may play a role in maintaining infection levels in hosts. in a northern forest in norway, we aimed to quantify the role of different small mammal species in feeding ...	2015	26671686
detection of lyme disease and q fever agents in wild rodents in central italy.	the maintenance of tick-borne disease agents in the environment strictly depends on the relationship between tick vectors and their hosts, which act as reservoirs for these pathogens. a pilot study aimed to investigate wild rodents as reservoirs for zoonotic tick-borne pathogens (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), coxiella burnetii, francisella tularensis, and anaplasma phagocytophilum) was carried out in an area of gran sasso e monti della laga national park (abruzzi region, central italy) ...	2015	26134933
eco-epidemiology of borrelia miyamotoi and lyme borreliosis spirochetes in a popular hunting and recreational forest area in hungary.	borrelia miyamotoi, the newly discovered human pathogenic relapsing fever spirochete, and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato are maintained in natural rodent populations. the aim of this study was to investigate the natural cycle of b. miyamotoi and b. burgdorferi s.l. in a forest habitat with intensive hunting, forestry work and recreational activity in southern hungary.	2015	26048373
borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection pressure shapes innate immune gene evolution in natural rodent populations across europe.	although parasite-mediated selection is assumed to be the main driver of immune gene evolution, empirical evidence that parasites induce allele frequency changes at host immune genes in time and/or space remains scarce. here, i show that the frequency of a protective gene variant of the innate immune receptor toll-like receptor 2 in natural bank vole (myodes glareolus) populations is positively associated with the strength of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection risk across the european con ...	2015	26018834
anaplasma phagocytophilum prevalence in ticks and rodents in an urban and natural habitat in south-western slovakia.	ixodes ricinus is the principal vector of anaplasma phagocytophilum, the ethiological agent of granulocytic anaplasmosis in europe. anaplasmosis is an emerging zoonotic disease with a natural enzootic cycle. the reservoir competence of rodents is unclear. monitoring of a. phagocytophilum prevalence in i. ricinus and rodents in various habitat types of slovakia may contribute to the knowledge about the epidemiology of anaplasmosis in central europe.	2015	25980768
a comparison between transcriptome sequencing and 16s metagenomics for detection of bacterial pathogens in wildlife.	rodents are major reservoirs of pathogens responsible for numerous zoonotic diseases in humans and livestock. assessing their microbial diversity at both the individual and population level is crucial for monitoring endemic infections and revealing microbial association patterns within reservoirs. recently, ngs approaches have been employed to characterize microbial communities of different ecosystems. yet, their relative efficacy has not been assessed. here, we compared two ngs approaches, rna- ...	2015	26284930
seasonal dynamics of products of lipid peroxidation in liver of bank vole (myodes glareolus) under conditions of environmental pollution by heavy metals.	the presented research involves the integral assessment of biochemistry indexes of natural populations of voles under conditions of environmental pollution by heavy metals. the raised content of mobile forms of pb, cd, cr, ni and co in soils was revealed for a distance of 500 m to the south-west of tripillya thermal power plant (tpp) (kyiv region, ukraine). it considerably (up to 3-5 times) exceeds the levels in the territory of kaniv nature reserve (cherkassy region, ukraine). the territory of ...	2015	24479334
effect of selection for high activity-related metabolism on membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition in bank voles.	endothermy, high basal metabolic rates (bmrs), and high locomotor-related metabolism were important steps in the evolution of mammals. it has been proposed that the composition of membrane phospholipid fatty acids plays an important role in energy metabolism and exercise muscle physiology. in particular, the membrane pacemaker theory of metabolism suggests that an increase in cell membrane fatty acid unsaturation would result in an increase in bmr. we aimed to determine whether membrane phosphol ...	2015	26658414
reproduction is not costly in terms of oxidative stress.	one of the core assumptions of life-history theory is the negative trade-off between current and future reproduction. investment in current reproduction is expected to decrease future reproductive success or survival, but the physiological mechanisms underlying these costs are still obscure. to test for a role of oxidative stress, we measured oxidative damage to lipids and proteins in liver, heart, kidneys and muscles, as well as the level of antioxidants (total glutathione and catalase), in bre ...	2015	26519508
mapping 3' transcript ends in the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) mitochondrial genome with rna-seq.	although posttranscriptional modification of mitochondrial (mt) transcripts plays key roles in completion of the coding information and in the expression of mtdna-encoded genes, there is little experimental evidence on the polyadenylation status and the location of mt gene poly(a) sites for non-human mammals.	2015	26503603
correction: bank vole prion protein as an apparently universal substrate for rt-quic-based detection and discrimination of prion strains.		2015	26284358
on the systematic position of collyricloides massanae vaucher, 1969 (platyhelminthes: digenea) with notes on distribution of this trematode species.	the systematic position of the collyricloides massanae, a rare cyst-dwelling parasite, located on intestinal wall of european birds and rodents, have always been controversial. based on newly obtained sequences of the 28 sdna of c. massanae from avian and rodent host from central europe, and on the previously published sequences of several genera and families among microphalloidea, we evaluate its taxonomic position and the phylogenetic relationships within the genera collyriclum kossack, 1911 a ...	2015	25638231
octylphenol induces changes in glycosylation pattern, calcium level and ultrastructure of bank vole spermatozoa in vitro.	our previous studies revealed that in bank vole testicular cells octylphenol (op) action is related either to its binding to estrogen receptors or increasing camp level that modulates spermatozoa motility and acrosome reaction (ar), (kotula-balak et al., 2011, 2014). to better understand the mechanisms underlying these changes, in the present study we aimed at evaluating the glycosylation pattern, calcium (ca(2+)) level and ultrastructure of op-treated vole spermatozoa. glycans were recognized b ...	2015	25553917
mitogenomic phylogenetics of the bank vole clethrionomys glareolus, a model system for studying end-glacial colonization of europe.	we have revisited the mtdna phylogeny of the bank vole clethrionomys glareolus based on sanger and next-generation illumina sequencing of 32 complete mitochondrial genomes. the bank vole is a key study species for understanding the response of european fauna to the climate change following the last glacial maximum (lgm) and one of the most convincing examples of a woodland mammal surviving in cryptic northern glacial refugia in europe. the genomes sequenced included multiple representatives of e ...	2015	25450101
selection for high activity-related aerobic metabolism does not alter the capacity of non-shivering thermogenesis in bank voles.	an intriguing question is how the capacity of non-shivering thermogenesis (nst)-a special mechanism supporting endothermic thermoregulation in mammals-is affected by selection for high exercise metabolism. it has been proposed that high nst could be a mechanism to compensate for a low basal production of heat. on the other hand, high basal or activity metabolism is associated with physiological characteristics such as high performance of the circulatory system, which are also required for achiev ...	2015	25446149
temporal trends in the levels of polychlorinated dioxins, -furans, -biphenyls and polybrominated diethyl ethers in bank voles in northern finland.	dioxin-like chemicals and brominated flame retardants are ubiquitous in the environment, despite the introduction of international prohibitions and restrictions. these chemicals do not remain in the vicinity of their source, instead they can be transported over long distances, in fact even to pristine areas in the northern latitudes. however, there have been rather few time series experiments monitoring the trends in the levels of chlorinated and brominated forms of these chemicals in the enviro ...	2015	25918894
evolution of basal metabolic rate in bank voles from a multidirectional selection experiment.	a major theme in evolutionary and ecological physiology of terrestrial vertebrates encompasses the factors underlying the evolution of endothermy in birds and mammals and interspecific variation of basal metabolic rate (bmr). here, we applied the experimental evolution approach and compared bmr in lines of a wild rodent, the bank vole (myodes glareolus), selected for 11 generations for: high swim-induced aerobic metabolism (a), ability to maintain body mass on a low-quality herbivorous diet (h) ...	2015	25876844
correlation between infectivity and disease associated prion protein in the nervous system and selected edible tissues of naturally affected scrapie sheep.	the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tses) or prion diseases are a group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders characterised by the accumulation of a pathological form of a host protein known as prion protein (prp). the validation of abnormal prp detection techniques is fundamental to allow the use of high-throughput laboratory based tests, avoiding the limitations of bioassays. we used scrapie, a prototype tse, to examine the relationship between infectivity and laboratory based diagno ...	2015	25807559
[a modular approach to studying of fluctuating asymmetry of complex morphological structures in rodents with the mandible of the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus, arvicolinae, rodentia) as an example].	the expediency of a modular approach to estimating fluctuating asymmetry (fa) of complex morphological structures was shown using the mandible of the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus schreber, 1780) as an example. fa of the shape of two mandibular regions (modules) defined developmentally and functionally, was assessed by means of geometric morphometrics. the differences between mandibular regions in the fa levels were found for both individual landmarks and integral indices of asymmetry. rega ...	2015	25782276
initial molecular-level response to artificial selection for increased aerobic metabolism occurs primarily through changes in gene expression.	experimental evolution combined with genome or transcriptome resequencing (evolve and resequence) represents a promising approach for advancing our understanding of the genetic basis of adaptation. here, we applied this strategy to investigate the effect of selection on a complex trait in lines derived from a natural population of a small mammal. we analyzed the liver and heart transcriptomes of bank voles (myodes [=clethrionomys] glareolus) that had been selected for increased aerobic metabolis ...	2015	25739734
no alad polymorphism in bank vole populations from unpolluted and lead-zinc polluted areas in poland.	although a variety of biomarkers has been developed to assess the adverse effect of lead on human and animal populations, studies show that the most important factor conditioning the response may be the genetic make-up of an individual. alad (delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase) gene polymorphism found in human populations results in the existence of two alleles: alad1 and alad2. the difference between them is the result of one nucleotide change (g177c, rs1800435) which implicates different en ...	2015	26103685
[parental care and testosterone in males of the bank vole (myodes glareolus): sensitization and androgenic stimulation of parental behavior].	the relationship between parental responsiveness of bank vole males and their body weight, testes mass, and plasma and gonadal testosterone levels were examined. two groups of voles were studied: group i consisted of 14 breeding pairs where females gave birth to young within a month after formation of pairs, and group ii represented 13 pairs without offspring and signs of pregnancy in females. males in group i, unlike those in group ii, had contact with pups before the tests on parental responsi ...	2016	23662470
[the effect of a caudal hippocampus lesion on learning in a morris water maze in bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus)].	a bilateral cytotoxic lesion of the caudal hippocampus (about 1/3 of the whole hippocampus, which is insufficiently studied) influences learning of bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) in the morris water maze. this effect has been estimated in this paper. a version of the test intended to measure long-term spatial memory was used. the lesion was shown to exert an influence on the learning dynamics by slowing it down, as well as to reduce the accuracy of platform location memorizing at early sta ...	2016	23789425
[evaluation of abundance of residents and immigration by irretrievable requisitioning of the bank vole (myodes glareolus schreber, 1780)].	the activity of average statistical species was approximated by normal distribution. this is provided by calculation of the part of resident animals without repeated hatching, i.e., the edge effect. residence beyond the space covering 99% of species activity was considered as nonresidence. the appearance of nonresidence in general can be considered as "excursions" and "resettlement." the experiments on requisitioning of small settled animals from a preliminary marked site were carried out. it wa ...	2016	22292295
[structure of the bank vole (myodes glareolus) population cycles in the center and periphery of its distribution area].	the results of long-term studies of two bank vole (myodes glareolus) populations in stationary sites in the central part and periphery of its distribution area are described. four phases of a multiannual population cycle and two of its structural parts have been detected for both populations. the first part of the cycle is "determined", with the "peak" phase passing into a "depression" (population collapse). this transition is mainly "determined" by intrapopulation processes and is weakly depend ...	2016	22292294
[morphofunctional analysis of testes and sperm in the assessment of male reproductive success in the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus)].	the morphofunctional analysis of testes and sperms in bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus, schreber, 1780) from a natural population is carried out to assess the reproductive potential of animals. it is shown that the reproductive success of males depends on the density of the population. under physiological stress, such as a "peak" of the population size, the animals, against a background of accelerated aging, have activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which contributes to oppre ...	2016	23136744
[blood system peculiarities in the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) under chronic environmental pollution].	the parameters of peripheral blood and hemopoietic organs in mature and immature bank voles inhabiting a chemically polluted area were studied. variability of the blood system parameters depending on the level of toxic load and the animals' reproductive status was determined. alteration of the cell composition of erythrocytes and leucocytes, the structure of erythrocytes, and the hemoglobin fractions and leucocyte functions describe the adaptive response to the factors of a changed environment m ...	2016	22117428
epidemiological dynamics of nephropathia epidemica in the republic of tatarstan, russia, during the period of 1997-2013.	this report summarizes epidemiological data on nephropathia epidemica (ne) in the republic of tatarstan, russia. ne cases identified in the period 1997-2013 were investigated in parallel with the hantavirus antigen prevalence in small rodents in the study area. a total of 13 930 ne cases were documented in all but one district of tatarstan, with most cases located in the central and southeastern districts. the ne annual incidence rate exhibited a cyclical pattern, with the highest numbers of cas ...	2016	26160776
genetic variations of turkish bank vole, myodes glareolus (mammalia: rodentia) inferred from mtdna.	the bank vole, myodes glareolus, lives in deciduous forests throughout the palearctic region. in turkey, this species is distributed only in northern anatolia (the black sea region) where these forests exist. this study reveals genetic differentiation among bank vole populations based on two regions of mitochondrial dna (cytochrome b and d-loop). populations in northern anatolia are divided into two genetic lineages (the "eastern" and "western black sea" lineages) by the kızılırmak valley. while ...	2016	26540489
[embryonic malformations in rodents in forest communities of the bryansk region exposed to radioactive pollution].	embryonic malformations have been described and classified in small forest rodents (microtus oeconomus, clethrionomys glareolus), which had several generations living on the radioactively contaminated territory and were exposed to small doses of radiation (140-200 mkr/h).	2016	9467640
prpc governs susceptibility to prion strains in bank vole, while other host factors modulate strain features.	bank vole is a rodent species that shows differential susceptibility to the experimental transmission of different prion strains. in this work, the transmission features of a panel of diverse prions with distinct origins were assayed both in bank vole expressing methionine at codon 109 (bv109m) and in transgenic mice expressing physiological levels of bank vole prpc (the bvprp-tg407 mouse line). this work is the first systematic comparison of the transmission features of a collection of prion is ...	2016	27654300
modification of nickel accumulation in the tissues of the bank vole myodes glareolus by chemical and environmental factors.	in a full factorial laboratory experiment, the effects of temperature and two chemical stressors (nickel and chlorpyrifos) on the accumulation of nickel in the liver and kidney of bank voles were studied. the nine-week experiment consisted of three periods: acclimatisation (3 days), intoxication (6 weeks) and elimination (3 weeks). during the main intoxication phase the animals were orally exposed for 42 days to different doses of nickel (ni) (0, 300 and 800mg/kg food) or chlorpyrifos (cpf) (0, ...	2016	27632790
bank voles accrue scientific interest.		2016	27439091
genomic response to selection for predatory behavior in a mammalian model of adaptive radiation.	if genetic architectures of various quantitative traits are similar, as studies on model organisms suggest, comparable selection pressures should produce similar molecular patterns for various traits. to test this prediction, we used a laboratory model of vertebrate adaptive radiation to investigate the genetic basis of the response to selection for predatory behavior and compare it with evolution of aerobic capacity reported in an earlier work. after 13 generations of selection, the proportion ...	2016	27401229
evolutionary conflict between maternal and paternal interests: integration with evolutionary endocrinology.	conflict between mates, as well as conflict between parents and offspring are due to divergent evolutionary interests of the interacting individuals. hormone systems provide genetically based proximate mechanisms for mediating phenotypic adaptation and maladaptation characteristic of evolutionary conflict between individuals. testosterone (t) is among the most commonly studied hormones in evolutionary biology, and as such, its role in shaping sexually dimorphic behaviors and physiology is relati ...	2016	27400975
experimental evolution on a wild mammal species results in modifications of gut microbial communities.	comparative studies have shown that diet, life history, and phylogeny interact to determine microbial community structure across mammalian hosts. however, these studies are often confounded by numerous factors. selection experiments offer unique opportunities to validate conclusions and test hypotheses generated by comparative studies. we used a replicated, 15-generation selection experiment on bank voles (myodes glareolus) that have been selected for high swim-induced aerobic metabolism, predat ...	2016	27199960
are aryl hydrocarbon receptor and g-protein-coupled receptor 30 involved in the regulation of seasonal testis activity in photosensitive rodent-the bank vole (myodes glareolus)?	within the reproductive system both aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr) and g-protein-coupled receptor 30 (gpr30) contribute to estrogen signaling and controlling of reproductive physiology. the specific question is whether and how ahr and gpr30 are involved in regulation of testis function in seasonally breeding rodents. bank vole testes were obtained from animals reared under 18 hours light:6 hours dark (ld) and 6 hours light:18 hours dark (sd) conditions. aryl hydrocarbon receptor and gpr30 expre ...	2016	27004452
population sex-ratio affecting behavior and physiology of overwintering bank voles (myodes glareolus).	many boreal rodents are territorial during the breeding season but during winter become social and aggregate for more energy efficient thermoregulation. communal winter nesting and social interactions are considered to play an important role for the winter survival of these species, yet the topic is relatively little explored. females are suggested to be the initiators of winter aggregations and sometimes reported to survive better than males. this could be due to the higher social tolerance obs ...	2016	26976741
the effect of chlorpyrifos on thermogenic capacity of bank voles selected for increased aerobic exercise metabolism.	agro-chemicals potentially cause adverse effects in non-target organisms. the rate of animal energy metabolism can influence their susceptibility to pesticides by influencing food consumption, biotransformation and elimination rates of toxicants. we used experimental evolution to study the effects of inherent differences in energy metabolism rate and exposure to the organophosphate insecticide, chlorpyrifos (cpf) on thermogenic capacity in a wild rodent, the bank vole (myodes = clethrionomys gla ...	2016	26878110
gerstmann-sträussler-scheinker disease subtypes efficiently transmit in bank voles as genuine prion diseases.	gerstmann-sträussler-scheinker disease (gss) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder associated with mutations in the prion protein gene and accumulation of misfolded prp with protease-resistant fragments (prp(res)) of 6-8 kda. with the exception of a few gss cases characterized by co-accumulation of prp(res) of 21 kda, efforts to transmit gss to rodents have been unsuccessful. as a result, gss subtypes exclusively associated with 6-8 kda prp(res) have often been considered as non-transmissib ...	2016	26841849
proteome dynamics: tissue variation in the kinetics of proteostasis in intact animals.	understanding the role of protein turnover in the maintenance of proteostasis requires accurate measurements of the rates of replacement of proteins in complex systems, such as intact animals. moreover, any investigation of allometric scaling of protein turnover is likely to include species for which fully annotated proteomes are not available. we have used dietary administration of stable isotope labeled lysine to assess protein turnover rates for proteins from four tissues in the bank vole,myo ...	2016	26839000
fitness costs of increased cataract frequency and cumulative radiation dose in natural mammalian populations from chernobyl.	a cataract is a clouding of the lens that reduces light transmission to the retina, and it decreases the visual acuity of the bearer. the prevalence of cataracts in natural populations of mammals, and their potential ecological significance, is poorly known. cataracts have been reported to arise from high levels of oxidative stress and a major cause of oxidative stress is ionizing radiation. we investigated whether elevated frequencies of cataracts are found in eyes of bank voles myodes glareolu ...	2016	26814168
limits to sustained energy intake. xxiii. does heat dissipation capacity limit the energy budget of lactating bank voles?	understanding factors limiting sustained metabolic rate (susmr) is a central issue in ecological physiology. according to the heat dissipation limit (hdl) theory, the susmr at peak lactation is constrained by the maternal capacity to dissipate body heat. to test that theory, we shaved lactating bank voles (myodes glareolus) to experimentally elevate their capacity for heat dissipation. the voles were sampled from lines selected for high aerobic exercise metabolism (a; characterized also by incre ...	2016	26747907
hindlimb muscle fibre size and glycogen stores in bank voles with increased aerobic exercise metabolism.	to test hypotheses concerning physiological factors limiting the rate of aerobic exercise metabolism, we used a unique experimental evolution model: lines of bank voles selected for high swim-induced aerobic metabolism (a) and unselected, control lines (c). we investigated putative adaptations that result in the increased performance of the hindlimb muscle (gastrocnemius joined with plantaris). the body mass-adjusted muscle mass was higher in a-lines (0.093 g) than in c-lines (0.083 g; p=0.01). ...	2016	26685167