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genetic homogeneity of fascioloides magna in austria.the large american liver fluke, fascioloides magna, is an economically relevant parasite of both domestic and wild ungulates. f. magna was repeatedly introduced into europe, for the first time already in the 19th century. in austria, a stable population of f. magna has established in the danube floodplain forests southeast of vienna. the aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of f. magna in austria. a total of 26 individuals from various regions within the known area of distrib ...201728807315
comparative population genetic structure of a parasite (fascioloides magna) and its definitive host.the population genetic structure of the american liver fluke, fascioloides magna, and its definitive host the white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus, was examined in south carolina. flukes were significantly more common in deer from river-swamp habitat than upland areas and prevalence increased with host age. the distribution of flukes among deer occurred as a negative binomial with the mean dispersion parameter, k, equal to 0.17 and the range from 0.10 to 1.11 within local areas. significant ...199128564131
fasciolopsis buski (digenea: fasciolidae) from china and india may represent distinct taxa based on mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal dna sequences.fasciolopsis buski is a zoonotic intestinal fluke infecting humans and pigs, but it has been seriously neglected. it is yet to know whether there is any genetic diversity among f. buski from different geographical locations, particularly in sequences of nuclear ribosomal dna (rdna) and mitochondrial (mt) dna. therefore, we determined the sequences of partial 18s, the complete internal transcribed spacer (its) rdna and the complete mt genome of f. buski from china, compared the rdna and mtdna seq ...201728228149
a genetic structure of novel population of fascioloides magna from poland, podkarpackie province, indicates an expanding second european natural focus of fascioloidosis.the veterinary important parasite of ruminants, giant liver fluke fascioloides magna(trematoda: fasciolidae), isolated from liver of farmed fallow deer (dama dama) from podkarpackie province (southeastern poland) was genotypized by mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (cox1) and nicotinamide dehydrogenase (nad1) markers. the data on this newly emerged population were compared with mitochondrial haplotypes of recently detected polish population of f. magna from lower silesian wilderness (southweste ...201627787209
population structure and dispersal routes of an invasive parasite, fascioloides magna, in north america and europe.fascioloides magna (trematoda: fasciolidae) is an important liver parasite of a wide range of free-living and domestic ruminants; it represents a remarkable species due to its large spatial distribution, invasive character, and potential to colonize new territories. the present study provides patterns of population genetic structure and admixture in f. magna across all enzootic regions in north america and natural foci in europe, and infers migratory routes of the parasite on both continents.201627737705
complete mitochondrial genome of the giant liver fluke fascioloides magna (digenea: fasciolidae) and its comparison with selected trematodes.representatives of the trematode family fasciolidae are responsible for major socio-economic losses worldwide. fascioloides magna is an important pathogenic liver fluke of wild and domestic ungulates. to date, only a limited number of studies concerning the molecular biology of f. magna exist. therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of f. magna, and assess the phylogenetic relationships of this fluke with other trematodes bas ...201627492461
better alone or in ill company? the effect of migration and inter-species comingling on fascioloides magna infection in elk.migratory movements and alteration of host communities through livestock production are examples of ecological processes that may have consequences on wildlife pathogens. we studied the effect of co-grazing of cattle and wild elk, and of elk migratory behaviour on the occurrence of the giant liver fluke, fascioloides magna, in elk. migratory elk and elk herds with a higher proportion of migratory individuals were significantly less likely to be infected with f. magna. this may indicate a decreas ...201627462721
pulmonary embolization of immature fascioloides magna causing fatal hemothorax confirmed by molecular technique in a heifer in the united states.the current report describes the use of a molecular technique to identify immature fascioloides magna an 18-month-old brangus heifer was found dead in the field without any prior clinical signs. the cause of death was exsanguination into the thoracic cavity associated with pulmonary embolization and infection by immature fascioloides magna resulting in 2 large foci of pulmonary necrosis and focal arteriolar and lung rupture. the liver had a few random migratory tracts with typical iron and porph ...201627423736
effect of fascioloides magna (digenea) on fecundity, shell height, and survival rate of pseudosuccinea columella (lymnaeidae).infection with fascioloides magna (digenea) causes serious damage to liver tissue in definitive hosts represented by ruminants, especially cervids. the distribution of f. magna includes the indigenous areas in north america, and the areas to which f. magna was introduced-central europe, southeast europe, and italy. the north american intermediate host of f. magna, the freshwater snail pseudosuccinea columella (lymnaeidae), is an invasive species recorded in south america, the caribbean, africa, ...201627098161
diagnosis and therapy of liver fluke (fascioloides magna) infection in fallow deer (dama dama) in serbia.giant liver fluke ( fascioloides magna ) infection is an important health problem of cervids in southeastern europe. we measured the prevalence and intensity of infection with f. magna in a fenced area near the danube river in the south bačka district of serbia. parasitologic, pathomorphologic, and histopathologic examinations were conducted from november 2007 to february 2008, beginning with a population of 127 adult fallow deer ( dama dama ). after a positive diagnosis, therapy with triclabend ...201626967130
pharmacological and morphological characteristics of the muscular system of the giant liver fluke (fascioloides magna - bassi 1875).motility is required for feeding, reproduction and maintenance of the fluke in the host's liver. according to that, the neuromuscular system can be an attractive drugable target for chemotherapy. musculature of the fascioloides magna is organized into three layers, an outer circular layer, beneath this layer the longitudinal layer, and third, the oblique, or diagonal layer underlies the longitudinal layer. in our study, the administration of atropine or caffeine did not cause classic muscle cont ...201526429130
extension of occurrence area of the american fluke fascioloides magna in south-western poland.liver fluke fascioloides magna is a typical parasite of american cervids. the reason for f. magna to appear in poland territory was bringing the american wapiti deer to those forests around 1850. along with these deer the aforementioned fluke was also introduced. the aim of this study was to present the case of finding of this species in cervids in bory zielonogórskie. samples of deer feces were collected in february 2015 in forest district krzystkowice. a total of 16 samples of feces were exami ...201526342504
molecular characterization of fascioloides magna (trematoda: fasciolidae) from south-western poland based on mitochondrial markers.the giant liver fluke, fascioloides magna, is a veterinary important liver parasite of free living and domestic ruminants. this originally north american parasite was introduced along with its cervid hosts to europe where it has established three permanent natural foci - in northern italy, central and southern parts of the czech republic and the danube floodplain forests. the first record on fascioloidosis in poland originated from the lower silesian forest in south-western poland and since then ...201526204195
metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics in giant liver fluke (fascioloides magna).1. giant liver fluke fascioloides magna is a dangerous parasite, which infects herbivores. it was imported to europe from north america and started to spread. benzimidazoles like albendazole, mebendazole, triclabendazole and salicylanilides closantel and rafoxanide are the most used anthelmintics to control fascioloidosis. however their effect might be altered via drug-metabolizing enzymes of this parasite. 2. the aim of our study was to determine the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes in f ...201626153440
fascioloides magna--epizootiology in a deer farm in germany.after initial observations of suspicious cases in 2009, the occurrence of fascioloides (f.) magna in deer of a deer farm located in northeastern bavaria, germany, at the border to the czech republic was confirmed in autumn 2011. in march 2012, the deer were treated for fascioloidosis with triclabendazole. to monitor the epizootiology of fascioloidosis in the farm, 80-100 faecal samples were examined for fascioloides eggs at monthly intervals from june 2012 to june 2013 inclusive. in addition, li ...201526054221
genetic interrelationships of north american populations of giant liver fluke fascioloides magna.population structure and genetic interrelationships of giant liver fluke fascioloides magna from all enzootic north american regions were revealed in close relation with geographical distribution of its obligate definitive cervid hosts for the first time.201526017023
life history and biology of fascioloides magna (trematoda) and its native and exotic hosts.host-parasite interactions are model systems in a wide range of ecological and evolutionary fields and may be utilized for testing numerous theories and hypotheses in terms of both applied and fundamental research. for instance, they are important in terms of studying coevolutionary arms races, species invasions, and in economic terms the health of livestock and humans. here, i present a comprehensive description of the life history, biogeography, and biology of the giant liver fluke, fascioloid ...201525897378
multi level ecological fitting: indirect life cycles are not a barrier to host switching and invasion.many invasive species are able to escape from coevolved enemies and thus enjoy a competitive advantage over native species. however, during the invasion phase, non-native species must overcome many ecological and/or physiological hurdles before they become established and spread in their new habitats. this may explain why most introduced species either fail to establish or remain as rare interstitials in their new ranges. studies focusing on invasive species have been based on plants or animals ...201525778909
an expanding population of the giant liver fluke (fascioloides magna) in elk (cervus canadensis) and other ungulates in canada.giant liver fluke (fascioloides magna) populations readily expand under suitable conditions. although extirpated from the eastern slopes of the canadian rocky mountains in the early 1960s, the fluke reappeared following natural spread through mountain passes from british columbia. herein, we assessed epizootiology of the fluke population two decades later. between 1984 and 1991, 534 ungulates, including 381 elk (cervus canadensis), 68 mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus), 54 white-tailed dee ...201525647594
in vitro effects of mucus from the mantle of compatible (lymnaea elodes) and incompatible (helisoma trivolvis) snail hosts on fascioloides magna miracidia.the epidermal mucus covering the surface of a snail represents an important barrier to trematode larvae attempting to penetrate the snail and may play a role in mediating snail-trematode compatibility. in this study, facioloides magna miracidia were exposed to mucus harvested from a compatible snail host, lymnaea elodes (palustris), and from an incompatible snail, helisoma trivolvis . in vitro treatment of freshly hatched miracidia with snail-derived mucus exerted dramatically different effects ...201525602486
landscape influence on spatial patterns of meningeal worm and liver fluke infection in white-tailed deer.parasites that primarily infect white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), such as liver flukes (fascioloides magna) and meningeal worm (parelaphostrongylus tenuis), can cause morbidity and mortality when incidentally infecting moose (alces alces). ecological factors are expected to influence spatial variation in infection risk by affecting the survival of free-living life stages outside the host and the abundance of intermediate gastropod hosts. here, we investigate how ecology influenced the ...201525498206
fascioloides magna infection causing fatal pulmonary hemorrhage in a steer.a feedlot steer died suddenly without exhibiting signs of clinical illness. cysts containing fascioloides magna were found in the liver and lung. fatal pulmonary hemorrhage was associated with these flukes. neither death nor clinical pulmonary disease has been previously attributed to infections of adult cattle by f. magna.201425392555
necropsy findings in 62 opportunistically collected free-ranging moose (alces alces) from minnesota, usa (2003-13).the minnesota, us moose population has declined dramatically since the 1990s. all 54 carcasses of moose that died of unknown cause or were euthanized by gun shot by tribal or department of natural resources personnel because of perceived signs of illness between 2003 and 2013 and eight carcasses of moose that died from vehicular accidents between 2009 and 2013 were submitted to the minnesota veterinary diagnostic laboratory and included in our study. the majority of the animals were underweight ...201525390764
molecular identification of fascioloides magna (bassi, 1875) from red deer from south-western poland (lower silesian wilderness) on the basis of internal transcribed spacer 2 (its-2).the study was conducted in 2012-2013 on 75 fecal samples of red deer from the lower silesian wilderness which were examined to determine the prevalence of fascioloides magna in the game population. finding liver fluke eggs in a single sample which were larger in size than fasciola hepatica eggs indicated that further molecular analysis was necessarily. the partial sequence (116 bp long) of its-2 of the investigated eggs was identical to the sequences of f. magna from red deer (cervus elaphus) (g ...201425286665
differences in the compatibility of infection between the liver flukes fascioloides magna and fasciola hepatica in a colombian population of the snail galba sp.experimental infections of galba sp. (origin, colombia) with allopatric isolates of fasciola hepatica from france or fascioloides magna from the czech republic were carried out during five successive snail generations to determine if this lymnaeid might sustain complete larval development of either parasite. in snails exposed to f. hepatica, 7 of 400 snails harboured several rediae and only two snails contained a small number of free cercariae on day 50 post-exposure. in contrast, the intensity ...201525000491
development and characterization of multiplex panels of polymorphic microsatellite loci in giant liver fluke fascioloides magna (trematoda: fasciolidae), using next-generation sequencing approach.the microsatellite markers were designed for the giant liver fluke, fascioloides magna, veterinary important liver parasite of free-living and domestic ruminants. due to its geographic distribution (five enzootic regions across usa and canada, three permanent european foci) and invasive character, f. magna is an interesting model for population genetics. out of 667 amplicon candidates generated after ngs, 118 provided the best resolution and were tested with pcr analysis. in total, 56 yielded pc ...201424959976
first insight into cd59-like molecules of adult fasciola hepatica.the present study focussed on investigating cd59-like molecules of fasciola hepatica. a cdna encoding a cd59-like protein (termed fhcd59-1) identified previously in the membrane fraction of the f. hepatica tegument was isolated. this homologue was shown to encode a predicted open reading frame (orf) of 122 amino acids (aa) orthologous to human cd59 with a 25 aa signal peptide, a mature protein containing 10 cysteines and a conserved cd59/ly-6 family motif "ccxxxxcn". an analysis of cdnas from tw ...201424955521
lymnaea cubensis, an experimental intermediate host for fascioloides magna.single-miracidium infections of lymnaea cubensis (pfeiffer) from guadeloupe with the giant liver fluke fascioloides magna (bassi, 1875) (digenea) were carried out during five successive snail generations to determine if this lymnaeid might sustain complete larval development of the parasite. controls were constituted by a french population of galba truncatula (miller) (a single generation) infected according to the same protocol. it was recorded that prevalence and intensity of f. magna infectio ...201424822325
wherefrom and whereabouts of an alien: the american liver fluke fascioloides magna in austria: an overview.the giant liver fluke fascioloides magna, an invasive species originating from north america, was recorded in austria in the wild for the first time in 2000. since then, various data concerning the epidemiology in snail intermediate hosts and cervid final hosts have been reported. galba truncatula acts as snail intermediate host, and red deer, roe deer and fallow deer act as final hosts. g. truncatula is abundant throughout the region, especially along muddy shores of slow-flowing branches of th ...201424535172
highland cattle and radix labiata, the hosts of fascioloides magna.fascioloides magna is a pathogenic fluke introduced to europe ca 140 years ago. as it is spreading over the continent, new intermediate and definitive hosts might be involved in transmission of the parasite. in europe, several studies reported potential new intermediate snail hosts (radix spp.) for f. magna, and also several cases of fascioloidosis of wild and domestic animals were published. however, the data based on molecular and histological analyses confirming these findings remained unrepo ...201424517409
growth rate of the intermediate snail host galba truncatula influences redial development of the trematode fascioloides magna.a total of 850 pre-adult galba truncatula (shell height, 4 mm), originating from four french snail populations differing in shell height at the adult stage (from 6.5 to 12 mm), were individually subjected at 20°c to single-miracidium infections with fascioloides magna. at day 75 post-exposure, the surviving snails were dissected, and rediae and cercariae were counted. snail groups differed in shell growth during the experiment: from 1.8 ± 0.4 mm in group a up to 4.0 ± 1.1 mm in group d. the prev ...201423710885
the origin of the giant liver fluke, fascioloides magna (trematoda: fasciolidae) from croatia determined by high-resolution melting screening of mitochondrial cox1 haplotypes.the high-resolution melting (hrm) method, recently optimized as a reliable technique for population study of the european fascioloides magna populations, was applied to determine an origin of f. magna individuals from croatia. the structure and frequency of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (439 bp; cox1) haplotypes of 200 croatian flukes coming from 19 red deer (cervus elaphus elaphus) livers were screened and compared with recently determined reference samples of f. magna from all e ...201323609601
the role of hepatic myofibroblasts in liver cirrhosis in fallow deer (dama dama) naturally infected with giant liver fluke (fascioloides magna).this paper describes liver cirrhosis in 35 fallow deer infected with the giant liver fluke, as well as the distribution, origin, and role of myofibroblasts in its development.201323497565
phylogenetic data suggest the reclassification of fasciola jacksoni (digenea: fasciolidae) as fascioloides jacksoni comb. nov.fasciola jacksoni (cobbold, 1869) is a highly prevalent (18-62%) species colonizing the liver (less frequently the lungs, kidneys, pericardia, and intestines) of elephas maximus indicus and elephas maximus maximus in the indomalayan region, causing cirrhosis, hemorrhages, and connective tissue proliferation. the phylogenetic relationships of fasciola jacksoni in relation to representative species of the superfamily echinostomatoidea was assessed using four independent dna regions. the analysis i ...201323411741
lymnaea neotropica and lymnaea viatrix, potential intermediate hosts for fascioloides magna.experimental infections of two south american lymnaeid populations with fascioloides magna were carried out to determine whether these snails may sustain larval development of this digenean and, if so, to quantify their potential for cercarial production. the reference group was a french population of galba truncatula infected and raised according to the same protocol. according to the internal transcribed sequence (its)-1 segment of their genomic rdna, these south american populations were iden ...201323072755
lymnaea fuscus (pfeiffer, 1821) as a potential intermediate host of fascioloides magna in europe.experimental infections of two different populations of lymnaea fuscus in france and sweden, with a czech isolate of fascioloides magna were carried out to determine if this lymnaeid species enables parasite larval development. species identification of both snail populations was performed using the morphology of the copulatory organ, and also confirmed by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) region of the snail genomic rdna. only juvenile snails measuring less than 3mm (1-3 we ...201222902745
a deep exploration of the transcriptome and "excretory/secretory" proteome of adult fascioloides magna.parasitic liver flukes of the family fasciolidae are responsible for major socioeconomic losses worldwide. however, at present, knowledge of the fundamental molecular biology of these organisms is scant. here, we characterize, for the first time, the transcriptome and secreted proteome of the adult stage of the "giant liver fluke," fascioloides magna, using illumina sequencing technology and one-dimensional sds-page and offgel protein electrophoresis, respectively. a total of ∼54,000,000 reads w ...201222899770
radix spp.: identification of trematode intermediate hosts in the czech republic.lymnaeid snails of the genus radix serve as intermediate hosts of some schistosomes and fasciolids. in europe, delineation of species within the genus radix is unresolved and, therefore, spectrum of snail hosts susceptible to trematode infections is under discussion. we used and compared three criteria for species delineation using snails collected at 43 localities. (a) sequence analysis of its-2 rdna disclosed that the collected snails belong to four species - r. auricularia (linnaeus, 1758), r ...201222875675
update on trematode infections in sheep.trematode parasites live in the liver, fore stomachs or blood vessels of a wide range of animals and humans. most of them have a special economic and veterinary significance. liver fluke disease of sheep and other animal species is caused by the common liver fluke fasciola hepatica. hepatic fasciolosis occurs throughout the world, where climatic conditions are suitable for the survival of aquatic intermediate host snails. also of importance for ruminants, in some parts of the world, are fasciola ...201222521973
recovery of fascioloides magna (digenea) population in spite of treatment programme? screening of galba truncatula (gastropoda, lymnaeidae) from lower austria.during the past decade, fascioloides magna, the large american liver fluke, has spread within free-living deer in wetlands of the danube in lower austria. the aim of this study was to determine the current infection rates with f. magna and other digenean parasites in the intermediate host snail galba truncatula from risk areas in lower austria. a total of 3444 g. truncatula were collected and examined microscopically for the presence of digenean trematodes. a set of randomly selected snails and ...201222381476
morphological characterization of adult fascioloides magna (trematoda: fasciolidae): first sem report.five adult fascioloides magna specimens were recovered from the livers of naturally infected calves from texas, usa. scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphological characteristics of the trematodes. these mature flukes measured 35-100-ámm in length by 15-25-ámm in width and had an oval dorsoventrally flattened body, with no anterior cone. the tegument was armed with sharp spines. around the oral and ventral suckers, some of the spines were small, with a sharp point, while other ...201121842384
liver enzymes and blood metabolites in a population of free-ranging red deer ( cervus elaphus) naturally infected with fascioloides magna.we investigated the effects of fascioloides magna infection on the serum biochemistry values of the naturally infected red deer population in eastern croatia. the investigation was performed on 47 red deer with f. magna infection confirmed patho-anatomically in 27 animals (57.4%). fibrous capsules and migratory lesions were found in 14 deer while only fibrous capsules without migratory lesions were found in 13 deer. in 13 deer both immature and mature flukes were found, in 5 deer only immature f ...201121729388
a comparative study of karyotypes and chromosomal location of rdna genes in important liver flukes fasciola hepatica and fascioloides magna (trematoda: fasciolidae).chromosomal characteristics, i.e., number, size, morphology, and location of ribosomal dna (rdna) clusters were examined in two medically important liver flukes, fasciola hepatica and fascioloides magna (fasciolidae), using conventional giemsa staining and fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) with ribosomal 18s rdna probe. a comparison of f. magna and f. hepatica karyotypes confirmed significant differences in all chromosomal features. whilst the karyotype of f. hepatica comprised ten pairs ...201121509448
an optimized dna extraction and multiplex pcr for the detection of fasciola sp. in lymnaeid snails.this study deals with the development and validation of an original pcr protocol to assess the presence of fasciola hepatica in galba truncatula its main intermediate host in western europe. in the present study two dna extraction techniques are compared and a new multiplex pcr is described. the chelex(®) dna extraction technique showed to be more appropriate than the classical phenol/chloroform/proteinase k based method because of the absence of toxic organic solvent, shorter duration and lower ...201021242033
multiple origins of european populations of the giant liver fluke fascioloides magna (trematoda: fasciolidae), a liver parasite of ruminants.the giant liver fluke, fascioloides magna, a liver parasite of free-living and domestic ruminants of europe and north america, was analysed in order to determine the origin of european populations and to reveal the biogeography of this originally north american parasite on the european continent. the variable fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (cox1; 384bp) and nicotinamide dehydrogenase subunit i (nad1; 405bp) were used. phylogenetic trees and haplotype networks were ...201021172350
development of high-resolution melting (hrm) analysis for population studies of fascioloides magna (trematoda: fasciolidae), the giant liver fluke of ruminants.the high-resolution melting (hrm) technique was successfully optimized as fast and effective method for population study of digenetic fluke, fascioloides magna (trematoda: fasciolidae), originally north american liver parasite of free-living and domestic ruminants. previously selected variable region (439 bp) of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (cox1) of 249 fluke individuals from enzootic european and north american regions were sequenced and mutually compared. the sequence analysis ...201020967463
a natural focus of the blood fluke orientobilharzia turkestanica (skrjabin, 1913) (trematoda: schistosomatidae) in red deer (cervus elaphus) in hungary.the large american liver fluke, fascioloides magna - introduced to europe before 1875 - was the first non-indigenous trematode to be detected in hungarian cervids in 1995. as the most precious deer population became infected in the gemenc game reserve a study has been launched to assess the extent and the effect of f. magna infections and to examine the options for the treatment of infected deer populations. livers of red deer shot during regular hunting were submitted for the survey and were in ...201020347227
experimental infection of liver flukes, fasciola hepatica and fascioloides magna, in bison (bison bison).this experimental study was conducted to evaluate the susceptibility of american bison (bison bison) to liver flukes, fascioloides magna and fasciola hepatica. six bison were each experimentally inoculated with 600 metacercariae of fascioloides magna, and three were later treated with triclabendazole suspension at 40 mg/kg of body weight. four additional bison were each experimentally inoculated with 600 metacercariae of fasciola hepatica. five control bison were placebo controls. two controls a ...201020090045
sequence analysis of ribosomal and mitochondrial genes of the giant liver fluke fascioloides magna (trematoda: fasciolidae): intraspecific variation and differentiation from fasciola hepatica.complete sequences of ribosomal and mitochondrial genes of the giant liver fluke fascioloides magna are presented. in particular, small subunit (18s) and internal transcribed spacers (its1 and its2) of the ribosomal gene (rdna), as well as cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (cox1) and nicotinamide dehydrogenase subunit i (nad1) of the mitochondrial dna (mtdna), were analyzed. the 18s and its sequences were compared with previously published sequences of the liver fluke fasciola hepatica. fixed inter ...200818372622
dna-based identification of a hepatic trematode in an elk calf.liver fluke infection was identified as a probable cause of clinical disease in an approximately 6-mo-old elk (cervus elaphus) in coastal oregon. clinical pathology and necropsy findings are described. the alcohol-fixed flukes that were submitted for identification were similar in size to fasciola hepatica, but their shape resembled fascioloides magna in that they lacked a distinctive anterior cone. a few structures consistent with the eggs of f. magna were observed in liver lesions, suggesting ...200717984277
a new intermediate host for fascioloides magna (bassi, 1873) ward, 1917. 193317758298
a brief review of infectious and parasitic diseases of wapiti, with emphasis on western canada and the northwestern united states.in this paper i review diseases reported in both captive and free-ranging wapiti in western north america, with some reference to diseases in captive red deer in great britain, europe, new zealand, and eastern north america.with the exception of coronavirus in neonates, few viral agents are reported to cause serious disease losses in wapiti in north america at this time. bacterial diseases of current significance include brucellosis (focus in wyoming), clostridial diseases, coliform enteritis of ...199117423839
fascioloides magna: occurrence in saskatchewan and distribution in canada.infection with fascioloides magna, the large american liver fluke, was diagnosed in two moose (alces alces) and six wapiti (cervus elaphus) from central saskatchewan. this is believed to be the first record of the parasite in the province. fecal samples collected from wild wapiti at five sites in the commercial forest zone in saskatchewan contained eggs believed to be those of f. magna. trematode eggs were not found in feces from five captive herds of wapiti in the province, nor in samples from ...198517422561
prevalence and intensity of infections in the lymnaeid snail omphiscola glabra experimentally infected with fasciola hepatica, fascioloides magna and paramphistomum daubneyi.single and double infections of juvenile omphiscola glabra (gastropoda: lymnaeidae) with paramphistomum daubneyi and/or fasciola hepatica were carried out to determine the redial burden and cercarial production in snails dissected at day 60 or at day 75 post-exposure (p.e.) in the laboratory at 20 degrees c. the results were compared with those obtained with single-miracidium infections by fascioloides magna. compared to f. hepatica, low values were noted at day 75 p.e. for the prevalence of sna ...200717381861
humoral immune responses during experimental infection with fascioloides magna and fasciola hepatica in goats and comparison of their excretory/secretory products.this study investigated the humoral immune responses of goats experimentally infected with fascioloides magna and fasciola hepatica to f. magna excretory/secretory products (fmesp) or f. hepatica excretory/secretory products (fhesp), respectively. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to determine serum antibody responses and for possible discrimination of f. magna and f. hepatica infections in goats. comparison of esps of both flukes and evaluation of esp antigenicity was also s ...200717265088
identification of the boudicca and sinbad retrotransposons in the genome of the human blood fluke schistosoma haematobium.schistosomes have a comparatively large genome, estimated for schistosoma mansoni to be about 270 megabase pairs (haploid genome). recent findings have shown that mobile genetic elements constitute significant proportions of the genomes of s. mansoni and s. japonicum. much less information is available on the genome of the third major human schistosome, s. haematobium. in order to investigate the possible evolutionary origins of the s. mansoni long terminal repeat retrotransposons boudicca and s ...200617072464
optimization of metacercarial production for three digenean species by the use of petri dishes for raising lettuce-fed galba truncatula.experimental infections of galba truncatula with fasciola hepatica, fascioloides magna, or paramphistomum daubneyi were carried out at 20 degrees c to determine if the use of 14-cm petri dishes for breeding lettuce-fed snails enhanced the characteristics of snail infections. compared to infected snails raised in boxes up to day 30 post-exposure and later in individual 35-mm dishes, the survival of g. truncatula kept in 14-cm dishes and the shell height of cercariae-shedding snails during the fir ...200717061111
the giant liver fluke fascioloides magna (bassi 1875) in cervids in the czech republic and potential of its spreading to germany.the giant liver fluke fascioloides magna is an important parasite of cervids in europe. from september 2003 to december 2005, faecal samples and livers of red deer (cervus elaphus) and fallow deer (dama dama) were investigated to determine the current distribution of the fluke in the czech republic. faecal samples were collected from 20 different areas, and livers of hunted deer were dissected from each locality to confirm f. magna infection. the prevalence of f. magna in examined areas determin ...200717016724
[incidence and control of the american giant liver fluke, fascioloides magna, in a population of wild ungulates in the danubian wetlands east of vienna].fascioloides magna,the giant liver fluke, is an introduced parasite imported to europe with infected game which is endemic in the austrian wetlands of the danube from vienna to the slovakian border. due to its pathogenicity (especially in roe deer) and its potential of transmission to domestic ruminants a project on the epidemiology and control of this parasite was carried out between 2000 and 2005. to assess distribution faecal droppings from red deer were collected in an area along the danube ...200617009716
parasites of the collared peccary from texas.results of a survey of the parasites of the collared peccary (dicotyles tajacu angulatus) in texas are presented. three ectoparasites, amblyomma cajennense, dermacentor variabilis, and pulex porcinus were very common on peccaries from south texas, but less common or absent in arid west texas. sucking lice, pecaroecus javalii, were common on peccaries from west texas, but were not found in south texas. the known range of this louse in texas is extended into the big bend area. two ticks, amnblyomm ...197016509125
effects of six fasciolicides against fascioloides magna in white-tailed deer.thirty-three white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) of various ages, both sexes, and in good physical condition were captured for anthelmintic evaluation of six compounds against the large american liver fluke, fascioloides magna. based on fluke mortality, hexachlorophene administered at the rate of 12 to 26 mg/kg of body weight was lethal to 5 of 10 mature flukes in seven deer. nitroxynil at 11 to 24 mg/kg inhibited egg production, but did not kill mature flukes in eight deer. rafoxanide at ...197616498878
cercarial production of fascioloides magna in the snail galba truncatula (gastropoda: lymnaeidae).single-miracidium infections of fascioloides magna in two populations of galba truncatula were carried out under laboratory conditions to count free rediae and cercariae in snail cadavers just after death. cercaria-shedding snails were in low numbers, and their shell height at day 60 p.e. was significantly greater than that of numerous infected snails that died without cercarial shedding. in snails that died between days 44 and 60 p.e. (at 20 degrees c), the numbers of second-generation rediae s ...200616416118
first studies on the susceptibility of omphiscola glabra (gastropoda: lymnaeidae) from central france to fascioloides magna.experimental infections of omphiscola glabra (preadult snails), originating from central france, to a czech isolate of fascioloides magna miracidia were carried out to determine if the local populations of o. glabra may ensure the larval development of this parasite and to compare these results with those noted for a natural snail host, galba truncatula. the presence of experimentally infected snails was noted in the six populations of snails studied. however, only a few snails shed their cercar ...200616362339
monitoring and treatment of fascioloides magna in semi-farm red deer husbandry in croatia.the presence of american liver fluke (fascioloides magna) in croatian wild ruminant species was detected for the first time in january 2000. at the same time, the problem of adequate parasitological monitoring and treatment appeared in the captive deer population. quarantine and health screening protocols, as well as migration and transportation influence had to be evaluated in red deer husbandry. non-invasive methods were introduced to estimate the prevalence of f. magna in the semi-farm rearin ...200516244930
natural infection of a horse with fascioloides magna.a 25-year-old quarterhorse mare was euthanized for a variety of medical reasons. at necropsy, 7 liver flukes, identified as fascioloides magna, were recovered from the liver. this is the first report of f. magna in a horse.200516131000
studies on larval fascioloides magna. iv. chromatographic analyses of free amino acids in the hemolymph of a host snail. 196113895222
studies on larval fascioloides magna. iii. mass hatching of miracidia by exposure to nitrogen. 196113895221
studies on larval fascioloides magna. ii. in vitro survival of axenic rediae in amino acids and sugars. 196113701974
studies on larval fascioloides magna. i. observations on the survival of rediae in vitro. 196113701973
further study on lymnaea stagnalis (l.) as a snail host for fascioloides magna (bassi, 1875) (trematoda). 195413131189
analysis of serum and whole blood values in relation to helminth and ectoparasite infections of feral pigs in texas.in the summers of 1996 and 1997, 60 wild pigs (sus scrofa) were necropsied from three sites in south texas (usa) to test the hypothesis that serum and whole blood parameters vary significantly (p < or = 0.05) with the prevalence and intensity of parasites infecting wild pigs. we found ten parasite species: five nematodes (metastrongylus salmi, metastrongylus pudentotectus, stephanurus dentatus, oesophagostomum dentatum, and physocephalus sexalatus); four ixodid ticks (amblyomma cajennense, ambly ...200212038138
health protocol for translocation of free-ranging elk.when considering an elk (cervus elaphus) restoration program, wildlife managers must evaluate the positive and negative elements of translocation. we prepared this protocol to give an overview of health considerations associated with translocation of elk, with an emphasis on movement of free-ranging elk from western north america to the southeastern usa. we evaluated infectious agents and ectoparasites reported in elk from two perspectives. first, we made a qualitative estimate of the ability of ...200111504216
flukes without snails: advances in the in vitro cultivation of intramolluscan stages of trematodes.in vitro cultivation of parasitic helminths, including the digenetic trematodes, has long been a valuable tool in medical and veterinary parasitology, permitting and/or facilitating the development of diagnostic reagents, chemotherapeutic agents, and vaccines and providing insights into naturally complex host-parasite interactions. in vitro cultivation of the intramolluscan stages of trematodes has been particularly challenging, given the ontogenic complexities involved in the production of mult ...200010631085
survey of fascioloides magna in farmed wapiti in alberta.the formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation procedure was used to detect ova of the giant liver fluke, fascioloides magna, in feces of farmed wapiti in alberta. twenty (3.2%) of the 629 fecal samples examined contained ova of f. magna. thirteen (33.3%) of the 39 farms surveyed had wapiti positive for f. magna. the presence of f. magna in farmed wapiti north of the north saskatchewan river is confirmed, and 3 areas where the infection has become endemic are identified.199910200881
biomphalaria glabrata embryonic (bge) cell line supports in vitro miracidial transformation and early larval development of the deer liver fluke, fascioloides magna.a bge cell co-culture system, previously shown to support the in vitro production of daughter sporocysts from mother sporocysts of schistosoma mansoni and s. japonicum, has proven capable of supporting the in vitro development of intramolluscan stages of the deer liver fluke, fascioloides magna. miracidia commenced transforming within 4 h of incubation with bge cells, and had completely shed their epidermal plates within 18-24 h. redial stages were visible inside in vitro-transformed mother spor ...199910028533
the prevalence of fasciola hepatica in its snail intermediate host determined by dna probe assay.accurate snail intermediate host infection prevalence data have the potential to be extremely useful in determining seasonal transmission dynamics of fasciola hepatica. because the microscopic techniques currently used lack the sensitivity and specificity necessary to obtain meaningful infection prevalence data, we developed a highly accurate and efficient dna probe assay. the assay has a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of > 99%, easily detects a single miracidia and does not cross-hybridize ...19979467746
fascioloidiasis in game-ranched elk from montana.the distribution of fascioloides magna in game-ranched elk and the potential for spread of the parasite through movement of infected animals was examined in montana (usa). fecal samples (n = 448) collected from captive elk on 29 game ranches were examined for eggs of f. magna by fecal sedimentation. eggs were detected in elk on 5 ranches. this suggests that f. magna has been translocated by infected game-ranched elk. the wide distribution of snail intermediate hosts for f. magna in montana indic ...19979391977
mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and elk (cervus elaphus) as experimental definitive hosts for fascioloides magna.in august 1992, six mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus) fawns and four elk (cervus elaphus) calves (n = 2) or yearlings (n = 2) each were inoculated orally with 50, 250, or 2,000 metacercariae of the liver fluke fascioloides magna to evaluate their potential to serve as definitive hosts. animals were maintained for up to 403 days. three mule deer each inoculated with 50 metacercariae survived the infection and shed eggs in feces; thus mule deer can function as definitive hosts for f. magna. ...19969359058
[bionomy, occurrence and importance of the giant liver fluke (fascioloides magna), an important parasite of free-living ruminants].the paper summarizes the most important knowledge of the giant liver fluke of ruminants, fascioloides magna, with respect to its occurrence throughout the northern hemisphere, its fenotypic and genetic discriminative characteristics, its pathogenicity in various obligatory and facultative hosts and possible prophylaxis and medical control. the paper emphasizes the fact that new natural foci with heavy f. magna infections of deer regularly occur in europe.19979265369
susceptibility of bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) to experimentally-induced fascioloides magna infections.three captive rocky mountain bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis canadensis), consisting of a female lamb, a yearling ram, and a 2 1/2-yr-old castrated ram were inoculated orally with 50 (n = 1) or 100 (n = 2) metacercariae of fascioloides magna in november 1991. all three sheep died from fluke infection on post-inoculation days 104, 140, and 197, respectively. numbers of f. magna recovered were 3 (3%), 18 (36%), and 21 (21%). all dukes were immature and were recovered from liver (n = 36), lungs (n = ...19968827689
distribution of potential intermediate hosts for fasciola hepatica and fascioloides magna in montana, usa.a collection of lymnaeid snails in montana was made over a 3 year period, in conjunction with a state-wide survey of the distribution of liver flukes in montana. collection areas were selected based on reports of infected cattle, sheep or wildlife, and with the intent of covering all geographic regions of the state. snails were found at all 97 of the locations chosen for collections, with lymnaeids collected at 71 of the locations. the 97 sites were located in 28 of montana's 56 counties. nine l ...19968638394
enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot analysis of excretory-secretory proteins of fascioloides magna and fasciola hepatica.fasciola hepatica is a parasite of cattle (bos taurus), but not of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), while fascioloides magna is a parasite of white-tailed deer which also infects cattle as dead-end host. adult parasites were collected from naturally infected white-tailed deer or cattle. excretory-secretory proteins (esp) were obtained from each parasite. protein banding patterns were analysed on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and probed using sera ...19958533275
comparison of the second internal transcribed spacer (ribosomal dna) from populations and species of fasciolidae (digenea).the nucleotide sequence of the 3' end of the second internal transcribed spacer region (its2) was determined for four isolates of fasciola hepatica, two isolates of fasciola gigantica, one isolate of fascioloides magna and one isolate of fasciola sp. from japan. intraspecific sequence divergence was negligible. sequence divergence between f. hepatica and f. gigantica was 2.8% and between fasciola hepatica and fascioloides magna was 13.2%. the sequence of fasciola sp. from japan matched closely t ...19938359995
an abattoir study of tuberculosis in a herd of farmed elk.the purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and distribution of grossly visible lesions of tuberculosis in a herd of 344 north american elk (cervus elaphus) depopulated during a three-month period in 1991. abattoir inspection detected mycobacterial lesions in 134 (39.8%) of the 337 animals received for slaughter. the prevalence of lesions increased with the age of the animals. lesions were predominantly suppurative rather than caseous, and mineralization was less evident than in tube ...19947954222
use of bait containing triclabendazole to treat fascioloides magna infections in free ranging white-tailed deer.triclabendazole-medicated corn bait was given to white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) on the welder wildlife refuge, sinton, texas (usa), at a dose of 11 mg/kg body weight per deer per day for seven days, for control of fascioloides magna. medicated bait was offered for one week each during the winters of 1987, 1988, and 1989. deer collected from treated areas, from baited control and from unbaited control areas were examined before the start of the study in 1987, and four weeks after the ...19947933276
a repetitive dna probe for the sensitive detection of fasciola hepatica infected snails.epizootiologic studies on f. hepatica frequently use microscopic techniques for the detection of infected snails, however, the poor efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity associated with these techniques limit their usefulness. a dna-based test for the identification of snails infected with larval stages of f. hepatica would solve these problems and enable a level of detection accuracy previously unavailable. we have cloned and sequenced a 124 bp fragment of repetitive dna from f. hepatica whi ...19957635638
detection of fasciola hepatica in infected intermediate hosts using rt-pcr.fasciola hepatica, the common bile duct fluke, is an economically important parasite of domestic livestock. current research interest is directed toward an understanding of the parasite's biology at the intermediate host level. to permit study of seasonal transmission patterns and parasite/intermediate host interactions, a fasciolid-specific assay has been developed to detect infected snail vectors. this assay uses the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) to amplify specifica ...19947523650
pathogenicity of immature fascioloides magna in white-tailed deer.the pathogenesis of early prepatent fascioloides magna infection was investigated in seven fawns (odocoileus virginianus) given 500 metacercariae and examined at one, two, three, five, eight, 12 and 13 weeks postinoculation. blood samples were taken from eight inoculated deer every two weeks up to 16 weeks postinoculation. eosinophilia with a mild transitory anemia were the main clincopathological features. postmortem examination at two weeks postinoculation revealed extensive migration of immat ...19807448629
clinical fascioloides magna infection in sheep in oregon on pasture shared by columbian white-tailed deer. 19807447146
fascioloides magna. 19807444593
experimental infection of domestic goats with fascioloides magna.development of the deer liver fluke, fascioloides magna, was studied in seven domestic goats, each experimentally inoculated with 250 metacercariae. six infected goats died between 89 and 195 days (mean 139) after inoculation. infection did not develop in the seventh goat. mortality was the result of unrestricted fluke migration before maturation or encapsulation of the flukes. a total of 144 f magna (mean intensity of 24.0) were recovered from inoculated goats, representing 8.2% of the metacerc ...19807436074
[the influence of habitat on the occurrence of parasites in game animals].we studied the incidence of parasites of game animals under conditions of the individual habitats occupied by game animals. our investigations were made both in the open field and in game reserves for several game species, and also in biotopes where game animals come into contact with domestic ruminants. we detected 72 nematode species in a total of 8 species of game animals. the results show that, the composition of the helminth fauna is influenced by conditions of the external environment, i. ...19807436036
miracidial penetration in fascioloides magna (trematoda).the penetration of the miracidium of fascioloides magna into the snail host fossaria bulimoides is followed by examining the process at certain, timed intervals during the course of penetration. the cilia are lost early, but the epithelial cells may detach or they may be carried into the snail body. the apical gland releases vesicles which lose their outer coat in the snail tissue; similarly the vesiculated gland cells release vesicles which lose their coating in the snail tissue where there is ...19817314811
[diffusion of helminth parasites of the digestive system and respiratory system in deer (cervus elaphus) of the la mandria regional park (piedmont)].a study was carried out on the diffusion of helminth parasites of liver, gastrointestinal system and bronchial system in 68 red deer (cervus elaphus) from regional park "la mandria" (piedmont, italy). the following species of nematodes were identified: trichostrongylus axei, spiculopteragia spiculoptera, rinadia mathevossiani, cooperia oncophora, cooperia pectinata, cooperia punctata, cooperia zurnabada, oesophagostomum venulosum, dictyocaulus eckerti, varestrongylus sagittatus. studies on some ...19807312394
fascioloides magna in cattle. 19827082230
albendazole treatment of experimentally induced fascioloides magna infection in goats. 19806904122
[the prevention and therapy of fascioloidiasis using bithionol sulfoxide].the elimination of the sources of invasion, i. e. hay and forage coming from the infested biotopes, combined with the administration of bithionol sulphoxide, resulted in a reduction of the invasion of cattle by fascioloides magna from 21.1 to 3.2% within two years. the czechoslovak-produced bithionol sulphoxide, administered at a rate of 40 to 50 mg per kg body weight as medicated feed, showed 100% effectiveness. at doses higher than 30 mg per kg body weight, the protective period should be prol ...19806777958
efficacy of albendazole against fascioloides magna in sheep.sheep experimentally infected with fascioloides magna were used in a controlled study to determine the flukicide activity of different doses of albendazole (methyl [5(propylthio)-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl] carbamate). sheep, about 4 months old, were inoculated with 100 metacercariae of f magna and treated with the various doses of albendazole 10 weeks later. at 6 weeks after treatment, the sheep were necropsied, flukes were recovered and measured, and the pathologic changes were recorded. the sheep w ...19846703459
the efficacy of closantel against fascioloides magna in sheep. 19846491851
efficacy of triclabendazole against fasciola hepatica and fascioloides magna in naturally infected calves.twenty calves (8 to 12 months old), naturally infected with fasciola hepatica and fascioloides magna, were obtained from brazoria, tex. they were randomly allotted to 3 treatment groups. one group (6 calves) was given the carrier without drug, the 2nd group (7 calves) was treated with triclabendazole at 6 mg/kg of body weight, and the 3rd group (7 calves) was treated with triclabendazole at 12 mg/kg. all treatments were administered as a drench. calves given triclabendazole (either dosage level) ...19846476577
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