| effect of naturally occurring wolbachia in anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes from mali on plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission. | a naturally occurring wolbachia strain (wanga-mali) was identified in mosquitoes of the anopheles gambiae complex collected in the malian villages of dangassa and kenieroba. phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence of two 16s rrna regions showed that wanga-mali clusters with wolbachia strains from supergroup a and has the highest homology to a wolbachia strain isolated from cat fleas (ctenocephalides). wanga-mali is different from two wolbachia strains previously reported in a. gambiae f ... | 2017 | 29114059 |
| molecular and physiological analysis of anopheles funestus swarms in nchelenge, zambia. | anopheles funestus has been recognized as a major malaria vector in africa for over 100 years, but knowledge on many aspects of the biology of this species is still lacking. anopheles funestus, as with most other anophelines, mate through swarming. a key event that is crucial for the an. funestus male to mate is genitalia rotation. this involves the 135° to 180° rotation of claspers, which are tipped with claws. this physical change then enables the male to grasp the female during copulation. th ... | 2018 | 29370805 |
| spatial distribution and habitat characterization of mosquito species during the dry season along the mara river and its tributaries, in kenya and tanzania. | vector-borne diseases are increasingly becoming a major health problem among communities living along the major rivers of africa. although larger water bodies such as lakes and dams have been extensively researched, rivers and their tributaries have largely been ignored. this study sought to establish the spatial distribution of mosquito species during the dry season and further characterize their habitats along the mara river and its tributaries. | 2018 | 29343279 |
| why some sites are responding better to anti-malarial interventions? a case study from western kenya. | in sub-saharan africa, malaria interventions over the last decades have been successful in reducing both mortality and morbidity. in western kenya however some areas experience contrasting outcomes of the ongoing interventions while the causes for this observation remains not yet clearly known. | 2017 | 29284476 |
| insecticide resistance status of three malaria vectors, anopheles gambiae (s.l.), an. funestus and an. mascarensis, from the south, central and east coasts of madagascar. | insecticide-based vector control, which comprises use of insecticide-treated bed nets (itns) and indoor residual spraying (irs), is the key method to malaria control in madagascar. however, its effectiveness is threatened as vectors become resistant to insecticides. this study investigated the resistance status of malaria vectors in madagascar to various insecticides recommended for use in itns and/or irs. | 2017 | 28835269 |
| an observational analysis of the impact of indoor residual spraying with non-pyrethroid insecticides on the incidence of malaria in ségou region, mali: 2012-2015. | ségou region in central mali is an area of high malaria burden with seasonal transmission, high access to and use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins), and resistance to pyrethroids and ddt well documented in anopheles gambiae s.l. (the principal vector of malaria in mali). ségou has recently received indoor residual spraying (irs) supported by mali's collaboration with the us president's malaria initiative/africa indoor residual spraying programme. from 2012 to 2015, two different non-pyre ... | 2018 | 29316917 |
| mapping insecticide resistance in anopheles gambiae (s.l.) from côte d'ivoire. | insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is an increasing threat to vector control tools currently deployed in endemic countries. resistance management must be an integral part of national malaria control programmes' (nmcps) next strategic plans to alleviate the risk of control failure. this obviously will require a clear database on insecticide resistance to support the development of such a plan. the present work gathers original data on insecticide resistance between 2009 and 2015 across côt ... | 2018 | 29310704 |
| attacking the mosquito on multiple fronts: insights from the vector control optimization model (vcom) for malaria elimination. | despite great achievements by insecticide-treated nets (itns) and indoor residual spraying (irs) in reducing malaria transmission, it is unlikely these tools will be sufficient to eliminate malaria transmission on their own in many settings today. fortunately, field experiments indicate that there are many promising vector control interventions that can be used to complement itns and/or irs by targeting a wide range of biological and environmental mosquito resources. the majority of these experi ... | 2017 | 29194440 |
| mosquito larvicidal activity of cassia tora seed extract and its key anthraquinones aurantio-obtusin and obtusin. | the edible and medicinal leguminous plant cassia tora l. (fabaceae) is known to possess insecticidal properties against a wide range of plant-feeding insects. however, the bioactivity of extracts of this plant and their constituents against vectors of medical importance has been largely unexplored. we investigated the mosquito larvicidal activity of the seed extract and its major anthraquinones against larvae of the african malaria vector anopheles gambiae (s.s.). | 2017 | 29126433 |
| anopheline mosquitoes behaviour and entomological monitoring in southwestern ethiopia. | despite a tremendous expansion in the financing and coverage of malaria control programmes, the disease continues to be a global health threat. this study was conducted to assess the entomological parameters of anopheline mosquitoes, viz. species composition, abundance, longevity, behaviour and infectivity rates in kersa district, jimma zone, southwestern ethiopia. | 2017 | 29097639 |
| comparative prevalence of plasmodium falciparum resistance-associated genetic polymorphisms in parasites infecting humans and mosquitoes in uganda. | controlling malaria in high transmission areas, such as much of sub-saharan africa, will require concerted efforts to slow the spread of drug resistance and to impede malaria transmission. understanding the fitness costs associated with the development of drug resistance, particularly within the context of transmission, can help guide policy decisions to accomplish these goals, as fitness constraints might lead to decreased transmission of drug-resistant strains. to determine if plasmodium falci ... | 2017 | 29016309 |
| entomological and parasitological parameters of malaria transmission in douguia, chad. | malaria remains a threat for many countries, especially in chad where it is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. few reliable data exist, however, about the entomological and parasitological parameters of malaria transmission. the objective of this study was to investigate the entomological and parasitological parameters of malaria transmission in douguia, a village located 75 km northeast of ndjamena (chad), as part of a training program for participants in chad's malaria control progr ... | 2017 | 28947400 |
| current status of insecticide resistance among malaria vectors in kenya. | insecticide resistance has emerged as one of the major challenges facing national malaria control programmes in africa. a well-coordinated national database on insecticide resistance (irbase) can facilitate the development of effective strategies for managing insecticide resistance and sustaining the effectiveness of chemical-based vector control measures. the aim of this study was to assemble a database on the current status of insecticide resistance among malaria vectors in kenya. | 2017 | 28927428 |
| insecticide use pattern and phenotypic susceptibility of anopheles gambiae sensu lato to commonly used insecticides in lower moshi, northern tanzania. | evidence of insecticide resistance has been documented in different malaria endemic areas. surveillance studies to allow prompt investigation of associated factors to enable effective insecticide resistance management are needed. the objective of this study was to assess insecticide use pattern and phenotypic susceptibility level of anopheles gambiae sensu lato to insecticides commonly used in malaria control in moshi, northern tanzania. | 2017 | 28877733 |
| evaluation of piperonyl butoxide in enhancing the efficacy of pyrethroid insecticides against resistant anopheles gambiae s.l. in ghana. | malaria vector control methods involving the use of pyrethroids remain the strategies being used against malaria vectors in ghana. these methods include the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying in many areas in ghana. however, there is evidence that pyrethroid resistance is widespread in many areas in ghana. synergists have been shown to be useful in inhibiting the enzymes that are responsible for the development of resistance and hence enhance the insecticide susce ... | 2017 | 28818077 |
| which intervention is better for malaria vector control: insecticide mixture long-lasting insecticidal nets or standard pyrethroid nets combined with indoor residual spraying? | malaria control today is threatened by widespread insecticide resistance in vector populations. the world health organization (who) recommends the use of a mixture of unrelated insecticides for indoor residual spraying (irs) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (lns) or as a combination of interventions for improved vector control and insecticide resistance management. studies investigating the efficacy of these different strategies are necessary. | 2017 | 28814307 |
| multiple mechanisms of resistance to pyrethroids in anopheles gambiae s.l populations in niger. | we performed a transversal study to map resistance of malaria vectors (anopheles mosquitoes) to insecticides in niger within the frame of the national malaria control program funded by the world health organization (who). | 2017 | 28648613 |
| light manipulation of mosquito behaviour: acute and sustained photic suppression of biting activity in the anopheles gambiae malaria mosquito. | host-seeking behaviours in anopheline mosquitoes are time-of-day specific, with a greater propensity for nocturnal biting. we investigated how a short exposure to light presented during the night or late day can inhibit biting activity and modulate flight activity behaviour. | 2017 | 28619089 |
| evaluation of efficacy of interceptor® g2, a long-lasting insecticide net coated with a mixture of chlorfenapyr and alpha-cypermethrin, against pyrethroid resistant anopheles gambiae s.l. in burkina faso. | malaria vectors have acquired widespread resistance throughout sub-saharan africa to many of the currently used insecticides. hence, there is an urgent need to develop alternative strategies including the development of new insecticides for effective management of insecticide resistance. to maintain progress against malaria, it is necessary to identify other residual insecticides for mosquito nets. in the present whopes phase ii analogue study, the utility of chlorfenapyr, a pyrrole class insect ... | 2017 | 28482891 |
| insecticide resistance patterns in uganda and the effect of indoor residual spraying with bendiocarb on kdr l1014s frequencies in anopheles gambiae s.s. | resistance of malaria vectors to pyrethroid insecticides has been attributed to selection pressure from long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins), indoor residual spraying (irs), and the use of chemicals in agriculture. the use of different classes of insecticides in combination or by rotation has been recommended for resistance management. the aim of this study was to understand the role of irs with a carbamate insecticide in management of pyrethroid resistance. | 2017 | 28427415 |
| high insecticide resistance in the major malaria vector anopheles coluzzii in chad republic. | the sahel region of chad republic is a prime candidate for malaria pre-elimination. to facilitate pre-elimination efforts in this region, two populations of anopheles coluzzii from central chad republic were characterized, their insecticide resistance profile and the possible molecular mechanisms driving the resistance in the field investigated. | 2019 | 31796068 |
| status of insecticide resistance and its mechanisms in anopheles gambiae and anopheles coluzzii populations from forest settings in south cameroon. | a key factor affecting malaria vector control efforts in cameroon is the rapid expansion of insecticide resistance in anopheles gambiae s.l (an. gambiae) populations; however, mechanisms involved in insecticide resistance in forest mosquito populations are still not well documented yet. the present study was conducted to screen molecular mechanisms conferring insecticide resistance in an. gambiae s.l. populations from the south cameroon forest region. who bioassays were conducted with f0 an. gam ... | 2019 | 31554225 |
| status of insecticide resistance in anopheles gambiae (s.l.) of the gambia. | vector control activities, namely long-lasting insecticidal nets (llin) and indoor residual spraying (irs), have contributed significantly to the decreasing malaria burden observed in the gambia since 2008. nevertheless, insecticide resistance may threaten such success; it is important to regularly assess the susceptibility of local malaria vectors to available insecticides. | 2019 | 31164149 |
| a combination of metabolic resistance and high frequency of the 1014f kdr mutation is driving pyrethroid resistance in anopheles coluzzii population from guinea savanna of cameroon. | the scale-up in the distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying has significantly reduced malaria burden and mortality. however, insecticide resistance, among other factors, is responsible for a recent rebound in malaria transmission in 2015-2016, threatening the progress so far made. as a contribution towards understanding patterns of resistance and its mechanism in the field we characterized a population of anopheles gambiae (s.l.) from gounougou, a guin ... | 2019 | 31133042 |
| insecticide resistance profiles of anopheles gambiae s.l. in togo and genetic mechanisms involved, during 3-year survey: is there any need for resistance management? | malaria, one of the world's greatest public health challenges, is an endemic disease with stable transmission in togo. combating malaria requires an effective vector control. this study provides temporal data on insecticide resistance status in the major malaria vector anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) from togo. | 2019 | 31118032 |
| effect of water source and feed regime on development and phenotypic quality in anopheles gambiae (s.l.): prospects for improved mass-rearing techniques towards release programmes. | in many malaria-endemic sub-saharan countries, insecticide resistance poses a threat to existing mosquito control measures, underscoring the need for complementary control methods such as sterile and/or genetically-modified mosquito release programmes. the sibling species anopheles gambiae and an. coluzzii are responsible for malaria transmission in most of this region. in their natural habitat, these species generally breed in clean, soft water and it is believed that divergent preference in th ... | 2019 | 31060574 |
| genetic structure of anopheles gambiae s.s populations following the use of insecticides on several consecutive years in southern benin. | several studies have reported the strong resistance of anopheles gambiae s.l. complex species to pyrethroids. the voltage-dependent sodium channel (vgsc) gene is the main target of pyrethroids and ddt. in benin, the frequency of the resistant allele (l1014f) of this gene varies along the north-south transect. monitoring the evolution of resistance is necessary to better appreciate the genetic structure of vector populations in localities subject to the intensive use of chemicals associated with ... | 2019 | 31007534 |
| rapid high throughput sybr green assay for identifying the malaria vectors anopheles arabiensis, anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae s.s. giles. | the anopheles gambiae sensu lato species complex consists of a number of cryptic species with different habitats and behaviours. these morphologically indistinct species are identified by chromosome banding. several molecular diagnostic techniques for distinguishing between an. coluzzii and an. gambiae are still under improvement. although, the current sine method for identification between an. coluzzii and an. gambiae works reliably, this study describes a refinement of the sine method to incre ... | 2019 | 31002694 |
| high levels of knockdown resistance in anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae), major malaria vectors in togo, west africa: a 2011 monitoring report. | a survey of susceptibility to ddt, deltamethrin, bendiocarb, and chlorpyrifos-methyl was conducted in five localities in 2011 in togo, west africa, to assess the insecticide resistance status of anopheles gambiae s.l. (diptera: culicidae). female populations of an. gambaie s.l. emerged from collected larvae (f0) were exposed to insecticide-impregnated papers using world health organization test kits for adult mosquitoes; the susceptible reference strain kisumu was used as a control. resistance t ... | 2019 | 30924857 |
| insecticide resistance in anopheles gambiae from the northern democratic republic of congo, with extreme knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation frequencies revealed by a new diagnostic assay. | mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel at codon 1014 confer knock-down resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids in a wide range of insects. anopheles gambiae exhibits two mutant alleles at codon 1014, serine and phenylalanine; and both are now widespread across africa. existing screening methods only allow for one resistant allele to be detected per assay. a new locked nucleic acid (lna) qpcr assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of both mutant alleles and the wild type allele in a si ... | 2018 | 30400885 |
| insecticidal activity of local plants essential oils against laboratory and field strains of anopheles gambiae s. l. (diptera: culicidae) from burkina faso. | the emergence and intensification of resistance to insecticides in malaria vector populations is the main obstacle to insecticide-based control efforts. the main objective of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal and adulticidal properties of the essential oils (eos) of ocimum canum, hyptis suaveolens, hyptis spicigera, and lantana camara on field-collected, pyrethroids-resistant mosquitoes, local laboratory strains, and susceptible 'kisumu' strain of anopheles gambiae (meigen) (diptera: cul ... | 2018 | 30281085 |
| transgenic metarhizium pingshaense synergistically ameliorates pyrethroid-resistance in wild-caught, malaria-vector mosquitoes. | transgenic metarhizium pingshaense expressing the spider neurotoxin hybrid (met-hybrid) kill mosquitoes faster and at lower spore doses than wild-type strains. in this study, we demonstrate that this approach dovetails with the cornerstone of current malaria control: pyrethroid-insecticides, which are the cornerstone of current malaria control. we used world health organization (who) tubes, to compare the impact on insecticide resistance of met-hybrid with red fluorescent m. pingshaense (met-rfp ... | 2018 | 30192847 |
| first report of the presence of l1014s knockdown-resistance mutation in anopheles gambiae s.s and anopheles coluzzii from togo, west africa. | background: to optimize the success of insecticide-based malaria control intervention, knowledge of the distribution of anopheles gambiae species and insecticide resistance mechanisms is necessary. this paper reported an updated data on pyrethroids/ddt resistance in the an. gambiae s.l population from togo. methods: from december 2013 to april 2015, females of indoor-resting an. gambiae s.l were captured in three locations belonging to three different ecological zones. resistance to ddt, permet ... | 2018 | 29707654 |
| investigating insecticide resistance and knock-down resistance (kdr) mutation in dielmo, senegal, an area under long lasting insecticidal-treated nets universal coverage for 10 years. | the use of insecticides, through indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (llins), is essential to control malaria vectors. however, the sustainability of these tools is challenged by the spread of insecticide resistance in anopheles mosquitoes. this study was conducted to assess the susceptibility to insecticides and to determine the resistance mechanisms in malaria vectors in dielmo, a rural area of western senegal where llins were introduced a decade ago. | 2018 | 29566682 |
| use of maldi-tof ms for the identification of chad mosquitoes and the origin of their blood meal. | matrix-assisted desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) is a clinical microbiology tool for the systematic identification of microorganisms. it has recently been presented as an innovative tool for the rapid and accurate identification of mosquitoes and their blood meal. to evaluate the capacity of this tool to identify mosquitoes collected in a tropical environment and preserved with silica gel, we analyzed 188 mosquitoes of different species collected in chad, whi ... | 2019 | 30526738 |
| mosquito arbovirus survey in selected areas of kenya: detection of insect-specific virus. | many arboviral outbreaks have occurred in various locations in kenya. entomological surveys are suitable methods for revealing information about circulating arboviruses before human outbreaks are recognized. therefore, mosquitoes were collected in kenya to determine the distribution of arboviruses. | 2018 | 29991925 |
| evaluation of a simple polytetrafluoroethylene (ptfe)-based membrane for blood-feeding of malaria and dengue fever vectors in the laboratory. | controlled blood-feeding is essential for maintaining laboratory colonies of disease-transmitting mosquitoes and investigating pathogen transmission. we evaluated a low-cost artificial feeding (af) method, as an alternative to direct human feeding (dhf), commonly used in mosquito laboratories. | 2018 | 29642937 |
| deet efficacy increases with age in the vector mosquitoes anopheles gambiae s.s. and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | old mosquitoes are the most likely to transmit pathogens due to the higher probability that they will be exposed to pathogens, and the time required before a mosquito becomes infectious, the extrinsic incubation period (eip). however, old mosquitoes are rarely considered in the evaluation of control tools. this study evaluated the effect of mosquito aging on the repellent efficacy of n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) in two vector mosquitoes, anopheles gambiae s.s. (giles) (diptera: culicidae ... | 2018 | 30137424 |
| transcontinental dispersal of anopheles gambiae occurred from west african origin via serial founder events. | the mosquito anopheles gambiae s.s. is distributed across most of sub-saharan africa and is of major scientific and public health interest for being an african malaria vector. here we present population genomic analyses of 111 specimens sampled from west to east africa, including the first whole genome sequences from oceanic islands, the comoros. genetic distances between populations of a. gambiae are discordant with geographic distances but are consistent with a stepwise migration scenario in w ... | 2019 | 31925292 |
| anopheline mosquito species composition, kdr mutation frequency, and parasite infectivity status in northern tanzania. | the scaling-up of malaria control interventions in northern tanzania has resulted in a decline in malaria prevalence and vector species composition. despite this achievement, residual malaria transmission remains a concern in the area. the main aim of this study was to investigate malaria vector species composition, parasite infectivity rates, and the presence of insecticide knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in three sites that have experienced a significant decline in malaria in northern tan ... | 2020 | 31923308 |
| efficacy of actellic 300 cs-based indoor residual spraying on key entomological indicators of malaria transmission in alibori and donga, two regions of northern benin. | the current study shows the results of three years of irs entomological monitoring (2016, before intervention; 2017 and 2018, after intervention) performed in alibori and donga, northern benin. | 2019 | 31888730 |
| transcontinental dispersal of anopheles gambiae occurred from west african origin via serial founder events. | the mosquito anopheles gambiae s.s. is distributed across most of sub-saharan africa and is of major scientific and public health interest for being an african malaria vector. here we present population genomic analyses of 111 specimens sampled from west to east africa, including the first whole genome sequences from oceanic islands, the comoros. genetic distances between populations of a. gambiae are discordant with geographic distances but are consistent with a stepwise migration scenario in w ... | 2019 | 31886413 |
| experimental hut evaluation of dawaplus 3.0 ln and dawaplus 4.0 ln treated with deltamethrin and pbo against free-flying populations of anopheles gambiae s.l. in vallée du kou, burkina faso. | in view of widespread pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors in africa, two long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) incorporated with a synergist, piperonyl butoxide (pbo), dawaplus 3.0 (deltamethrin + pbo in the roof panel; deltamethrin alone in the side panels) and dawaplus 4.0 (deltamethrin + pbo in all panels), were evaluated in an experimental hut trial in a rice growing irrigated area in burkina faso. efficacy of nets was tested against free-flying malaria vector, anopheles gambiae s.l., ... | 2019 | 31869350 |
| vectorial transmission of malaria in major districts of côte d'ivoire. | to better understand the influence of periodic mass distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) on malaria transmission, a 1-yr entomological survey was conducted in three major districts of côte d'ivoire. mosquitoes were sampled by human landing catches (hlc) in urban and rural areas of san pedro and abidjan (coastal), and in yamoussoukro (central). mosquitoes were identified morphologically and by molecular methods. the plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite (csp) indices were measu ... | 2019 | 31785095 |
| evaluation of an alpha-cypermethrin + pbo mixture long-lasting insecticidal net veeralin® ln against pyrethroid resistant anopheles gambiae s.s.: an experimental hut trial in m'bé, central côte d'ivoire. | long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) are the primary method of malaria prevention. however, the widespread resistance to pyrethroids among major malaria vector species represents a significant threat to the continued efficacy of pyrethroid llin. piperonyl butoxide (pbo) is a synergist that inhibits the activity of metabolic enzymes of the cytochrome p450 family known to detoxify insecticides including pyrethroids. synergist llin incorporating pbo and a pyrethroid may provide improved control c ... | 2019 | 31730481 |
| open source 3d printable replacement parts for the who insecticide susceptibility bioassay system. | malaria vector control and research rely heavily on monitoring mosquito populations for the development of resistance to public health insecticides. one standard method for determining resistance in adult mosquito populations is the world health organization test (who bioassay). the who bioassay kit consists of several acrylic pieces that are assembled into a unit. parts of the kit commonly break, reducing the capacity of insectaries to carry out resistance profiling. since there is at present o ... | 2019 | 31727146 |
| farmers' pesticide usage practices in the malaria endemic region of north-western tanzania: implications to the control of malaria vectors. | pesticides remain the mainstay for the control of agricultural pests and disease vectors. however, their indiscriminate use in agriculture has led to development of resistance to both crop pests and disease vectors. this threatens to undermine the success gained through the implementation of chemical based vector control programs. we investigated the practices of farmers with regard to pesticide usage in the vegetable growing areas and their impact on susceptibility status of an. gambiae s.l. | 2019 | 31694595 |
| bacterial communities associated with the midgut microbiota of wild anopheles gambiae complex in burkina faso. | plasmodium falciparum is transmitted by mosquitoes from the anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l) species complex and is responsible for severe forms of malaria. the composition of the mosquitoes' microbiota plays a role in p. falciparum transmission, so we studied midgut bacterial communities of an. gambiae s.l from burkina faso. dna was extracted from 17 pools of midgut of mosquitoes from the anopheles gambiae complex from six localities in three climatic areas, including cotton-growing and cotto ... | 2020 | 31643044 |
| spatial distribution of anopheles gambiae sensu lato larvae in the urban environment of yaoundé, cameroon. | the rapid and unplanned urbanization of african cities is considered to increase the risk of urban malaria transmission. the present study objective was to assess factors influencing the spatio-temporal distribution of anopheles gambiae s.l. larvae in the city of yaoundé, cameroon. | 2019 | 31594541 |
| is that a real oocyst? insectary establishment and identification of plasmodium falciparum oocysts in midguts of anopheles mosquitoes fed on infected human blood in tororo, uganda. | the human infectious reservoir for malaria consists of individuals capable of infecting mosquitoes. oocyst prevalence and density are typical indicators of human infectivity to mosquitoes. however, identification of oocysts is challenging, particularly in areas of low malaria transmission intensity where few individuals may infect mosquitoes, and infected mosquitoes tend to have few oocysts. here, features that differentiate oocysts from other oocyst-like in mosquito midguts are explained and il ... | 2019 | 31455343 |
| widespread report of multiple insecticide resistance in anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes in eight communities in southern gombe, north-eastern nigeria. | timely entomological and insecticide resistance monitoring is a key to generating relevant data for vector management. we investigated the insecticide susceptibility status of anopheles gambiae s.l. in eight rural farming communities in southern gombe, nigeria. | 2019 | 31346535 |
| effect of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis sugar patches on insecticide resistant anopheles gambiae s.l. adults. | large distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs) contributed to a significant decrease in malarial mortality. unfortunately, large insecticide resistance in malaria vectors occurred and is a threat to the future use of these control approaches. the purpose of this study was to explore a new approach for vector control. patches containing bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) solubilized cry toxins mixed with sugar were developed and tested i ... | 2019 | 31329914 |
| anopheles bionomics, insecticide resistance mechanisms, and malaria transmission in the korhogo area, northern côte d'ivoire: a pre-intervention study. | a better understanding of malaria transmission at a local scale is essential for developing and implementing effective control strategies. in the framework of a randomized controlled trial (rct), we aimed to provide an updated description of malaria transmission in the korhogo area, northern côte d'ivoire, and to obtain baseline data for the trial. we performed human landing collections (hlcs) in 26 villages in the korhogo area during the rainy season (september-october 2016, april-may 2017) and ... | 2019 | 31298995 |
| bio-efficacy and physical integrity of piperonylbutoxide coated combination net (permanet® 3.0) against pyrethroid resistant population of anopheles gambiae s.l. and culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in ethiopia. | permanet® 3.0 is a deltamethrin-treated combination long-lasting insecticidal net with the addition of synergist piperonylbutoxide (pbo) on its roof section. it is designed to overcome the challenge posed by pyrethroid resistant vector populations against mainstream long-lasting insecticidal nets impregnated with pyrethroids only. the objective of this study was to determine insecticide resistance status of anopheline and culicine mosquitoes, to evaluate the bio-efficacy of permanet® 3.0 nets an ... | 2019 | 31272452 |
| the relationship between insecticide resistance, mosquito age and malaria prevalence in anopheles gambiae s.l. from guinea. | insecticide resistance across sub-saharan africa may impact the continued effectiveness of malaria vector control. we investigated the association between carbamate and pyrethroid resistance with anopheles gambiae s.l. parity, plasmodium falciparum infection, and molecular insecticide resistance mechanisms in guinea. pyrethroid resistance was intense, with field populations surviving ten times the insecticidal concentration required to kill susceptible individuals. the l1014f kdr-n1575y haplotyp ... | 2019 | 31222175 |
| high insecticide resistance intensity of anopheles gambiae (s.l.) and low efficacy of pyrethroid llins in accra, ghana. | insecticide resistance of anopheles gambiae (s.l.) against public health insecticides is increasingly reported in ghana and need to be closely monitored. this study investigated the intensity of insecticide resistance of an. gambiae (s.l.) found in a vegetable growing area in accra, ghana, where insecticides, herbicides and fertilizers are massively used for plant protection. the bioefficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) currently distributed in the country was also assessed to delim ... | 2019 | 31196222 |
| patterns of anopheline feeding/resting behaviour and plasmodium infections in north cameroon, 2011-2014: implications for malaria control. | effective malaria control relies on evidence-based interventions. anopheline behaviour and plasmodium infections were investigated in north cameroon, following long-lasting insecticidal net (llin) distribution in 2010. | 2019 | 31196161 |
| biting patterns of malaria vectors of the lower shire valley, southern malawi. | assessing the biting behaviour of malaria vectors plays an integral role in understanding the dynamics of malaria transmission in a region. biting times and preference for biting indoors or outdoors varies among mosquito species and across regions. these behaviours may also change over time in response to vector control measures such as long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins). data on these parameters can provide the sites and times at which different interventions would be effective for vector c ... | 2019 | 31194960 |
| evaluation of the performance of new sticky pots for outdoor resting malaria vector surveillance in western kenya. | surveillance of outdoor resting malaria vector populations is crucial to monitor possible changes in vector resting and feeding behaviour following the widespread use of indoor-based vector control interventions. however, it is seldom included in the routine vector surveillance system in africa due to lack of well standardized and efficient traps. this study was conducted to evaluate the performance of sticky pots for outdoor resting malaria vector surveillance in western kenya. | 2019 | 31151470 |
| species composition, blood meal hosts and plasmodium infection rates of anopheles mosquitoes in ghibe river basin, southwestern ethiopia. | vector control interventions using long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs) are commonly practiced tools for the control of malaria in ethiopia. in order to evaluate the effectiveness of these control interventions, and understand the prevailing malaria vectors, their incrimination in disease transmission, and their resting and feeding behavior, we set out to identify the anopheles species, their blood meal sources, and entomological inoculation rate (eir) in ghi ... | 2019 | 31122286 |
| indoor residual spraying for preventing malaria in communities using insecticide-treated nets. | insecticide-treated nets (itns) and indoor residual spraying (irs) are used to control malaria vectors. both strategies use insecticides to kill mosquitoes that bite and rest indoors. for itns, the world health organization (who) only recommended pyrethroids until 2018, but mosquito vectors are becoming resistant to this insecticide. for irs, a range of insecticides are recommended. adding irs to itns may improve control, simply because two interventions may be better than one; it may improve ma ... | 2019 | 31120132 |
| risk factors for household vector abundance using indoor cdc light traps in a high malaria transmission area of northern zambia. | malaria transmission is dependent on the density and distribution of mosquito vectors, but drivers of vector abundance have not been adequately studied across a range of transmission settings. to inform intervention strategies for high-burden areas, further investigation is needed to identify predictors of vector abundance. active household (hh) surveillance was conducted in nchelenge district, luapula province, northern zambia, a high-transmission setting with limited impact of malaria control. ... | 2019 | 31074411 |
| involvement of anopheles nili in plasmodium falciparum transmission in north benin. | several studies carried out in benin have shown the involvement of anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.), the anopheles funestus group in malaria transmission, but none of them reported the contribution of the anopheles nili group to the transmission of this disease. the current study investigated the question through an entomological cross-sectional survey performed in northern benin. | 2019 | 31036025 |
| evaluation of standard pyrethroid based lns (miranet and magnet) in experimental huts against pyrethroid resistant anopheles gambiae s.l. m'bé, côte d'ivoire: potential for impact on vectorial capacity. | there is evidence from experimental hut and household studies that the entomological efficacy of long lasting pyrethroid treated nets (llins) is compromised in areas of pyrethroid resistance. the rapid increase in resistance intensity in african malaria vectors could further undermine the performance of these nets. the pyrethroid resistance intensity in anopheles gambiae s.l. m'bé from central côte d'ivoire is reported to be high (> 1700 fold). whether this translates into an increase in entomol ... | 2019 | 30973948 |
| population dynamics of anopheles gambiae s.l. and culex quinquefasciatus in rural and urban settings before an indoor residual spraying campaign in northern benin. | background: the purpose of this report is to provide information on culicidae diversity; biting behavior and spatio-seasonal variation of abundance of anopheles gambiae s.l. and culex quinquefasciatus in rural and urban settings of the alibori and donga regions, northern benin, where an indoor residual spraying (irs) campaign to control malaria is planned. methods: both human landing catches, associated with pyrethrum spray catches were used to monitor the mosquito populations in 12 sites with 1 ... | 2019 | 30964413 |
| seasonal malaria vector and transmission dynamics in western burkina faso. | in the context of widespread mosquito resistance to currently available pesticides, novel, precise genetic vector control methods aimed at population suppression or trait replacement are a potentially powerful approach that could complement existing malaria elimination interventions. such methods require knowledge of vector population composition, dynamics, behaviour and role in transmission. here were characterized these parameters in three representative villages, bana, pala and souroukoudinga ... | 2019 | 30940141 |
| increased biting rate of insecticide-resistant culex mosquitoes and community adherence to irs for malaria control in urban malabo, bioko island, equatorial guinea. | sustaining high levels of indoor residual spraying (irs) coverage (≥85%) for community protection against malaria remains a challenge for irs campaigns. we examined biting rates and insecticide resistance in culex species and anopheles gambiae s.l., and their potential effect on community adherence to irs. the average irs coverage in urban malabo between 2015 and 2017 remained at 80%. culex biting rate increased 6.0-fold (p < 0.001) between 2014 and 2017, reaching 8.08 bites per person per night ... | 2019 | 30882148 |
| llin evaluation in uganda project (llineup): a cross-sectional survey of species diversity and insecticide resistance in 48 districts of uganda. | long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) are the principal tool for malaria control in africa and are presently treated with a single class of insecticide; however, increasing levels of insecticide resistance threaten their success. in response to this threat nets have been developed that incorporate the synergist, piperonyl butoxide (pbo), which inhibits the activity of cytochrome p450s which is one main mechanisms of insecticide resistance, allowing resistance to pyrethroids to be reversed. howe ... | 2019 | 30867018 |
| insecticide exposure triggers a modulated expression of abc transporter genes in larvae of anopheles gambiae s.s. | insecticides remain a main tool for the control of arthropod vectors. the urgency to prevent the insurgence of insecticide resistance and the perspective to find new target sites, for the development of novel molecules, are fuelling the study of the molecular mechanisms involved in insect defence against xenobiotic compounds. in this study, we have investigated if atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters, a major component of the defensome machinery, are involved in defence against the insecticid ... | 2019 | 30841542 |
| the impact of anopheles gambiae egg storage for mass rearing and production success. | mass rearing requires a large colony from which male individuals can be harvested for sterilization and release. attention is needed when monitoring life parameters of the reared population, knowing that any variations within the target population would lead to mismatching between two populations. the aim of this study was to assess the impact of anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) egg storage on hatchability and life history traits. for each parameter, comparison was made between freshly lai ... | 2019 | 30808356 |
| [susceptibility status of anopheles gambiae s.s. and an. coluzzii to organophosphates and carbamates in the agricultural exploitation zones of oil palm at mouila, gabon]. | this study was conducted during the rainy season of 2017 in the agricultural areas at mouila, with the aim to assess the determination of susceptibility of anopheles gambiae complex to insecticides and the detection of ace 1r mutation. mosquito larvae were collected by using the dipping method and nursed to adult stage. the susceptibility of adult anopheles gambiae s.l. populations to organophosphates and carbamates was assessed using the standard who susceptibility test protocol. the tested mos ... | 2018 | 30793573 |
| high malaria transmission sustained by anopheles gambiae s.l. occurring both indoors and outdoors in the city of yaoundé, cameroon. | background: malaria remains a major public health problem in cameroon; however, despite reports on the adaptation of anopheline species to urban habitats, there is still not enough information on malaria transmission pattern in urban settings. in the frame of a larval control trial in the city of yaoundé, we conducted baseline surveys to assess malaria transmission dynamics in this city. methods: adult mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors using cdc light traps and human landing catches ... | 2018 | 30756096 |
| generational conservation of composition and diversity of field-acquired midgut microbiota in anopheles gambiae (sensu lato) during colonization in the laboratory. | the gut microbiota is known to play a role in a mosquito vector's life history, a subject of increasing research. laboratory experiments are essential for such studies and require laboratory colonies. in this study, the conservation of field-obtained midgut microbiota was evaluated in laboratory-reared anopheles gambiae (s.l.) mosquitoes continuously hatched in water from field breeding habitats. | 2019 | 30635018 |
| rapid multiplex gene expression assays for monitoring metabolic resistance in the major malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | metabolic resistance of the major malaria vector anopheles gambiae (s.l.) to insecticides is operationally significant, particularly in combination with target site resistance. however, detection of metabolic resistance is not trivial and relies on laborious bioassays, unspecific biochemical methods, or sophisticated and expensive molecular approaches using transcriptomics. | 2019 | 30612581 |
| first report of natural wolbachia infection in the malaria mosquito anopheles arabiensis in tanzania. | natural infections of the endosymbiont bacteria wolbachia have recently been discovered in populations of the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae (s.l.) in burkina faso and mali, west africa. this anopheles specific strain wanga limits the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum infections in the mosquito, thus it offers novel opportunities for malaria control. | 2018 | 30545384 |
| insecticide resistance status, frequency of l1014f kdr and g119s ace-1 mutations, and expression of detoxification enzymes in anopheles gambiae (s.l.) in two regions of northern benin in preparation for indoor residual spraying. | this study aims to provide baseline data on the resistance status to insecticides, the frequency of mechanisms involved and the impact of the association with the synergist piperonyl butoxide (pbo) on resistant anopheles gambiae (s.l.) populations in two regions of northern benin, prior to an indoor residual spraying campaign and introduction of next generation long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) incorporating pbo. | 2018 | 30509288 |
| bio-efficacy of duranet® long-lasting insecticidal nets against wild populations of anopheles arabiensis in experimental huts. | mosquitoes have developed resistance to multiple classes of insecticides for malaria vector control. a new generation of long-lasting insecticidal bed nets (llins) has been developed with increased efficacy against these resistant mosquitoes. the present study therefore evaluated the efficacy of the pyrethroid-based llins, duranet versus permanet 3.0, in an eastern africa hut design in magugu in northern tanzania where mosquitoes' population higher proportion (69.3%) has been identified as anoph ... | 2018 | 30410416 |
| insecticides resistance status of an. gambiae in areas of varying agrochemical use in côte d'ivoire. | insecticide resistance monitoring of the malaria vectors to different classes of insecticides is necessary for resistance management. malaria vector control management approaches are essentially based on irs and llins. however, insecticide resistance is caused by several sources of selection and in case the selection pressure is from agricultural practices, then measures need to be taken to avoid a failure of the control methods put in place. the current study was undertaken to monitor the susce ... | 2018 | 30402467 |
| baseline entomologic data on malaria transmission in prelude to an indoor residual spraying intervention in the regions of alibori and donga, northern benin, west africa. | despite the success of indoor residual insecticide spraying (irs) in africa, particularly in benin, some gaps of information need to be filled to optimize the effectiveness of this intervention in the perspective of the country's effort to eliminate malaria. in anticipation to the 2018 irs campaign in two targeted regions of northern benin, this study aimed, to collect baseline information on vector composition, spatio-temporal variation and peak malaria transmission in the alibori and donga, tw ... | 2018 | 30373576 |
| effect of environmental variables and kdr resistance genotype on survival probability and infection rates in anopheles gambiae (s.s.). | environmental factors, especially ambient temperature and relative humidity affect both mosquitoes and malaria parasites. the early part of sporogony is most sensitive and is affected by high temperatures and temperature fluctuation immediately following ingestion of an infectious blood meal. the aim of this study was to explore whether environmental variables such as temperature, together with the presence of the kdr insecticide resistance mutations, have an impact on survival probability and i ... | 2018 | 30367663 |
| 16s metagenomic comparison of plasmodium falciparum-infected and noninfected anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus microbiota from senegal. | in the context of the pre-elimination of malaria, biological control may provide an alternative or additional tool to current malaria control strategies. during their various stages of development, mosquitoes undergo subsequent changes in their associated microbiota, depending on their environment and nutritional status. although anopheles gambiae s.l. and anopheles funestus are the two major malaria vectors in senegal, the composition of their microbiota is not yet well known. in this study, we ... | 2018 | 30350766 |
| screening and field performance of powder-formulated insecticides on eave tube inserts against pyrethroid resistant anopheles gambiae s.l.: an investigation into 'actives' prior to a randomized controlled trial in côte d'ivoire. | the widespread emergence of insecticide resistance in african malaria vectors remains one of the main challenges facing control programmes. electrostatic coating that uses polarity to bind insecticide particles is a new way of delivering insecticides to mosquitoes. although previous tests demonstrated the resistance breaking potential of this application method, studies screening and investigating the residual efficacy of a broader range of insecticides are necessary. | 2018 | 30348154 |
| field evaluation of the bg-malaria trap for monitoring malaria vectors in rural tanzanian villages. | bg-malaria (bgm) trap is a simple adaptation of the widely-used bg-sentinel trap (bgs). it is proven to be highly effective for trapping the brazilian malaria vector, anopheles darlingi, in field conditions, and the african vector, anopheles arabiensis, under controlled semi-field environments, but has not been field-tested in africa. here, we validated the bgm for field sampling of malaria vectors in south-eastern tanzania. using a series of latin-square experiments conducted nightly (6pm-7am) ... | 2018 | 30296287 |
| pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics of high-dose ivermectin with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine on mosquitocidal activity and qt-prolongation (ivermal). | high-dose ivermectin, co-administered for 3 days with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (dp), killed mosquitoes feeding on individuals for at least 28 days posttreatment in a recent trial (ivermal), whereas 7 days was predicted pretrial. the current study assessed the relationship between ivermectin blood concentrations and the observed mosquitocidal effects against anopheles gambiae s.s. three days of ivermectin 0, 300, or 600 mcg/kg/day plus dp was randomly assigned to 141 adults with uncomplicat ... | 2019 | 30125353 |
| efficacy of interceptor® g2, a new long-lasting insecticidal net against wild pyrethroid-resistant anopheles gambiae s.s. from côte d'ivoire: a semi-field trial. | the widespread insecticide resistance in malaria vector populations is a serious threat to the efficacy of vector control tools. as a result, the world health organization (who) supports the development of alternative tools that combine several insecticides with the aim of improving vector control and the management of insecticide resistance. in the present study, a long-lasting insecticidal net treated with a mixture of chlorfenapyr and alphacypermethrin was evaluated against wild pyrethroid-re ... | 2018 | 30088473 |
| effect of deet-multiple exposures on behavior and life history traits in the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae (s.s.). | vector-borne diseases are major public health concerns, and their control is threatened by the spread of insecticide resistance in vector populations. in this context, the use of repellents is an alternative approach to limit vector-host interactions. however, prior exposure to repellents is suspected to affect mosquito behavior at the subsequent exposure, possibly reducing the efficacy of the compound. despite this, the effect of mosquito experience on repellent efficacy remains poorly document ... | 2018 | 30045761 |
| effects of the removal or reduction in density of the malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae s.l., on interacting predators and competitors in local ecosystems. | new genetic control methods for mosquitoes may reduce vector species without direct effects on other species or the physical environment common with insecticides or drainage. effects on predators and competitors could, however, be a concern as anopheles gambiae s.l. is preyed upon in all life stages. we overview the literature and assess the strength of the ecological interactions identified. most predators identified consume many other insect species and there is no evidence that any species pr ... | 2019 | 30044507 |
| 'we like it wet': a comparison between dissection techniques for the assessment of parity in anopheles arabiensis and determination of sac stage in mosquitoes alive or dead on collection. | the determination of parous rates in mosquitoes, despite numerous shortcomings, remains a tool to evaluate the effectiveness of control programs and to determine vectorial capacity in malaria vectors. two dissection techniques are used for this. for one, the tracheoles of dried ovaries are examined with a compound microscope and in the other the follicular stalk of ovaries is examined, wet, with a stereomicroscope. the second method also enables the sac stage of parous insects (which provides in ... | 2018 | 30018854 |
| do bednets including piperonyl butoxide offer additional protection against populations of anopheles gambiae s.l. that are highly resistant to pyrethroids? an experimental hut evaluation in burkina fasov. | malaria control is dependent on the use of longlasting insecticidal nets (llins) containing pyrethroids. a new generation of llins containing both pyrethroids and the synergist piperonyl butoxide (pbo) has been developed in response to increasing pyrethroid resistance in african malaria vectors, but questions remain about the performance of these nets in areas where levels of pyrethroid resistance are very high. this study was conducted in two settings in southwest burkina faso, vallée du kou 5 ... | 2018 | 29998497 |
| efficacy of two pbo long lasting insecticidal nets against natural populations of anopheles gambiae s.l. in experimental huts, kolokopé, togo. | llins containing an insecticide plus the synergist, piperonyl butoxide (pbo) have been designed for increased efficacy against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors. in this study, two llins with pbo, permanet® 3.0 and olyset® plus, and a pyrethroid-only llin, yorkool®, were evaluated in experimental huts against a free-flying, wild population of anopheles gambiae s.l. in kolokopé, a cotton cultivated area of togo. who susceptibility tube tests and subsequent molecular assays determine the an. ga ... | 2018 | 29995894 |
| insecticide susceptibility status of anopheles gambiae (s.l.) in south-west cameroon four years after long-lasting insecticidal net mass distribution. | members of the anopheles gambiae (s.l.) complex are one of the major vectors of malaria in africa. llins and irs are the most effective tools used in vector control of malaria. however, their effectiveness may be hampered by the development and spread of insecticide resistance in the target vectors species. the objective of this study was to assess the susceptibility of anopheles gambiae (s.l.) mosquitoes from south-west cameroon to deltamethrin, permethrin and to malathion, four years after the ... | 2018 | 29973260 |
| mapping potential anopheles gambiae s.l. larval distribution using remotely sensed climatic and environmental variables in baringo, kenya. | anopheles gambiae s.l. (diptera: culicidae) is responsible for the transmission of the devastating plasmodium falciparum (haemosporida: plasmodiidae) strain of malaria in africa. this study investigated the relationship between climate and environmental conditions and an. gambiae s.l. larvae abundance and modelled the larval distribution of this species in baringo county, kenya. mosquito larvae were collected using a 350-ml dipper and a pipette once per month from december 2015 to december 2016. ... | 2018 | 29926974 |
| pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector anopheles arabiensis in nouakchott, mauritania. | mauritania is one of the african countries with ongoing malaria transmission where data on insecticide resistance of local malaria vectors are limited despite an increasing use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (llins) as the main intervention for vector control. this study presents an evaluation of the level of insecticide resistance of anopheles arabiensis in nouakchott. | 2018 | 29895314 |
| pathway to deployment of gene drive mosquitoes as a potential biocontrol tool for elimination of malaria in sub-saharan africa: recommendations of a scientific working group†. | gene drive technology offers the promise for a high-impact, cost-effective, and durable method to control malaria transmission that would make a significant contribution to elimination. gene drive systems, such as those based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr)/crispr associated protein, have the potential to spread beneficial traits through interbreeding populations of malaria mosquitoes. however, the characteristics of this technology have raised concerns that ... | 2018 | 29882508 |
| efficacy of a novel mode of action of an indoor residual spraying product, sumishield® 50wg against susceptible and resistant populations of anopheles gambiae (s.l.) in benin, west africa. | scale-up of the distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying with insecticides over the last decade have contributed to the considerable decrease of malaria morbidity and mortality in sub-saharan africa. due to the increasing pyrethroid resistance intensity and the spread of carbamate resistance in anopheles gambiae (s.s.) mosquitoes and the limited number of insecticides recommended by the who for vector control, alternative insecticide formulations for ... | 2018 | 29747684 |
| spatio-temporal genetic structure of anopheles gambiae in the northwestern lake victoria basin, uganda: implications for genetic control trials in malaria endemic regions. | understanding population genetic structure in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae (s.s.) is crucial to inform genetic control and manage insecticide resistance. unfortunately, species characteristics such as high nucleotide diversity, large effective population size, recent range expansion, and high dispersal ability complicate the inference of genetic structure across its range in sub-saharan africa. the ocean, along with the great rift valley, is one of the few recognized barriers to gene flo ... | 2018 | 29661226 |
| nightly biting cycles of anopheles species in rural northwestern burkina faso. | the biting behavior of anophelines is an important determinant of malaria transmission. understanding the local vector host-seeking behavior, its outdoor/ indoor biting preference, and nocturnal biting periods is essential for effectively applying and improving vector control methods, such as long lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and personal protective measures. to better understand the biting and host-seeking patterns of anopheles mosquitoes in northwestern burkina faso, we performed biweekly ... | 2018 | 29635478 |
| study on the species composition and ecology of anophelines in addis zemen, south gondar, ethiopia. | malaria is a public health problem in ethiopia and its transmission is generally unstable and seasonal. for the selection of the most appropriate vector control measures, knowledge on the ecology of the vector is necessary at a local level. therefore, the objectives of this study were to document the species composition, breeding habitat characteristics and occurrence of anopheline larva in sheni stream and the vectorial role of the prevailing anopheles in relation to malaria transmission in add ... | 2018 | 29587821 |
| genome-wide transcriptional analyses in anopheles mosquitoes reveal an unexpected association between salivary gland gene expression and insecticide resistance. | to combat malaria transmission, the ugandan government has embarked upon an ambitious programme of indoor residual spraying (irs) with a carbamate class insecticide, bendiocarb. in preparation for this campaign, we characterized bendiocarb resistance and associated transcriptional variation among anopheles gambiae s.s. mosquitoes from two sites in uganda. | 2018 | 29587635 |
| nationwide insecticide resistance status and biting behaviour of malaria vector species in the democratic republic of congo. | globally, the democratic republic of congo (drc) accounted for 9% of malaria cases and 10% of malaria deaths in 2015. as part of control efforts, more than 40 million long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) were distributed between 2008 and 2013, resulting in 70% of households owning one or more llins in 2014. to optimize vector control efforts, it is critical to monitor vector behaviour and insecticide resistance trends. entomological data was collected from eight sentinel sites throughout drc b ... | 2018 | 29580247 |