| a shift from indoor residual spraying (irs) with bendiocarb to long-lasting insecticidal (mosquito) nets (llins) associated with changes in malaria transmission indicators in pyrethroid resistance areas in benin. | indoor residual spraying (irs) was implemented in the department of ouémé-plateau, southern benin, in 2008 and withdrawn in 2011, when long lasting insecticidal nets (llins) were distributed to the communities that were previously targeted by irs. did the llin strategy provide a better level of protection against malaria transmission than irs? | 2013 | 23497708 |
| application of a reverse dot blot dna-dna hydridization method to quantify host-feeding tendencies of two sibling species in the anopheles gambiae complex. | a dna-dna hybridization method, reverse dot blot analysis (rdba), was used to identify anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) hosts. of 299 blood-fed and semi-gravid an. gambiae s.l. collected from kisian, kenya, 244 individuals were identifiable to species; of these, 69.5% were an. arabiensis and 29.5% were an. gambiae s.s. host identifications with rdba were comparable with those of conventional polymerase chain reaction (pcr) followed by direct sequencing of ampl ... | 2013 | 24188164 |
| a dynamic model of some malaria-transmitting anopheline mosquitoes of the afrotropical region. ii. validation of species distribution and seasonal variations. | the first part of this study aimed to develop a model for anopheles gambiae s.l. with separate parametrization schemes for anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles arabiensis. the characterizations were constructed based on literature from the past decades. this part of the study is focusing on the model's ability to separate the mean state of the two species of the an. gambiae complex in africa. the model is also evaluated with respect to capturing the temporal variability of an. arabiensis in ethi ... | 2013 | 23442727 |
| multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms in anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from cameroon, central africa. | increasing incidence of ddt and pyrethroid resistance in anopheles mosquitoes is seen as a limiting factor for malaria vector control. the current study aimed at an in-depth characterization of an. gambiae s.l. resistance to insecticides in cameroon, in order to guide malaria vector control interventions. | 2013 | 23433176 |
| modelling anopheles gambiae s.s. population dynamics with temperature- and age-dependent survival. | climate change and global warming are emerging as important threats to human health, particularly through the potential increase in vector- and water-borne diseases. environmental variables are known to affect substantially the population dynamics and abundance of the poikilothermic vectors of disease, but the exact extent of this sensitivity is not well established. focusing on malaria and its main vector in africa, anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, we present a set of novel mathematical models ... | 2015 | 26030468 |
| plasmodium falciparum infection increases anopheles gambiae attraction to nectar sources and sugar uptake. | plasmodium parasites are known to manipulate the behavior of their vectors so as to enhance transmission. from an evolutionary standpoint, behavior manipulation by the parasite should expose the vector to limited risk of early mortality while ensuring sufficient energy supply for both it and the vector. however, it is unknown whether this vector manipulation also affects vector-plant interaction and sugar uptake. here, we show that the attraction of anopheles gambiae s.s. to plant odors increase ... | 2014 | 24412210 |
| co-occurrence and distribution of east (l1014s) and west (l1014f) african knock-down resistance in anopheles gambiae sensu lato population of tanzania. | insecticide resistance molecular markers can provide sensitive indicators of resistance development in anopheles vector populations. assaying these makers is of paramount importance in the resistance monitoring programme. we investigated the presence and distribution of knock-down resistance (kdr) mutations in anopheles gambiae s.l. in tanzania. | 2014 | 24386946 |
| efficacy and safety of high-dose ivermectin for reducing malaria transmission (ivermal): protocol for a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-finding trial in western kenya. | innovative approaches are needed to complement existing tools for malaria elimination. ivermectin is a broad spectrum antiparasitic endectocide clinically used for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis control at single doses of 150 to 200 mcg/kg. it also shortens the lifespan of mosquitoes that feed on individuals recently treated with ivermectin. however, the effect after a 150 to 200 mcg/kg oral dose is short-lived (6 to 11 days). modeling suggests higher doses, which prolong the mosquitoci ... | 2016 | 27856406 |
| spatial and temporal trends in insecticide resistance among malaria vectors in chad highlight the importance of continual monitoring. | a longitudinal anopheles gambiae s.l. insecticide resistance monitoring programme was established in four sentinel sites in chad 2008-2010. when this programme ended, only sporadic bioassays were performed in a small number of sites. | 2016 | 27228026 |
| durability of olyset campaign nets distributed between 2009 and 2011 in eight districts of tanzania. | long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) are the first line choice for malaria vector control in sub-saharan africa, with most countries adopting universal coverage campaigns. however, there is only limited information on llin durability under user conditions. therefore, this study aimed to assess the durability of olyset(®) llins distributed during campaigns between 2009 and 2011 in tanzania. | 2016 | 26993981 |
| when intensity of deltamethrin resistance in anopheles gambiae s.l. leads to loss of long lasting insecticidal nets bio-efficacy: a case study in north cameroon. | in cameroon, insecticide resistance in anopheles (an.) gambiae s.l. has been reported in several foci, prompting further investigations on associated patterns of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) bio-efficacy. the current study, conducted from june to august 2011, explored the intensity of deltamethrin resistance in an. gambiae s.l. from pitoa and its impact on the residual bio-efficacy of lifenet, a llin with deltamethrin incorporated into polypropylene nets (pnd). | 2016 | 26951758 |
| exposure to deltamethrin affects development of plasmodium falciparum inside wild pyrethroid resistant anopheles gambiae s.s. mosquitoes in uganda. | pyrethroid resistance in african vector mosquitoes is a threat to malaria control. resistant mosquitoes can survive insecticide doses that would normally be lethal. we studied effects of such doses on plasmodium falciparum development inside kdr-resistant anopheles gambiae s.s. in uganda. | 2016 | 26911550 |
| variation in susceptibility of african plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites to tep1 mediated killing in anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. | anopheles gambiae s.s. mosquitoes are efficient vectors for plasmodium falciparum, although variation exists in their susceptibility to infection. this variation depends partly on the thioester-containing protein 1 (tep1) and tep depletion results in significantly elevated numbers of oocysts in susceptible and resistant mosquitoes. polymorphism in the plasmodium gene coding for the surface protein pfs47 modulates resistance of some parasite laboratory strains to tep1-mediated killing. here, we e ... | 2016 | 26861587 |
| status of pyrethroid resistance in anopheles gambiae s. s. m form prior to the scaling up of long lasting insecticidal nets (llins) in adzopé, eastern côte d'ivoire. | the growing development of pyrethroid resistance constitutes a serious threat to malaria control programmes and if measures are not taken in time, resistance may compromise control efforts in the foreseeable future. prior to long lasting insecticidal nets (llins) distribution in eastern cote d'ivoire, we conducted bioassays to inform the national malaria control programme of the resistance status of the main malaria vector, anopheles gambiae s. s. and the need for close surveillance of resistanc ... | 2012 | 23232083 |
| multiple insecticide resistance in anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from burkina faso, west africa. | malaria control programs are being jeopardized by the spread of insecticide resistance in mosquito vector populations. the situation in burkina faso is emblematic with anopheles gambiae populations showing high levels of resistance to most available compounds. although the frequency of insecticide target-site mutations including knockdown resistance (kdr) and insensitive acetylcholinesterase (ace-1(r)) alleles has been regularly monitored in the area, it is not known whether detoxifying enzymes ... | 2012 | 23189131 |
| decreased proportions of indoor feeding and endophily in anopheles gambiae s.l. populations following the indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated net interventions in benin (west africa). | in many parts of africa as in benin, the main strategies of vector control are based on the scaling-up of long lasting insecticide treated nets (llitns) and indoor residual spraying (irs). the need to understand the biological implications of irs in large scale and full coverage of llitns is paramount. it is in this context that the present study was conducted. it aims to evaluate the effect of a large scale irs using a non-pyrethroid insecticide and full coverage of deltamethrin treated nets on ... | 2012 | 23151270 |
| electric nets and sticky materials for analysing oviposition behaviour of gravid malaria vectors. | little is known about how malaria mosquitoes locate oviposition sites in nature. such knowledge is important to help devise monitoring and control measures that could be used to target gravid females. this study set out to develop a suite of tools that can be used to study the attraction of gravid anopheles gambiae s.s. towards visual or olfactory cues associated with aquatic habitats. | 2012 | 23151023 |
| insecticide resistance monitoring of field-collected anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from jinja, eastern uganda, identifies high levels of pyrethroid resistance. | insecticide resistance in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae s.l. (diptera: culicidae) threatens insecticide-based control efforts, necessitating regular monitoring. we assessed resistance in field-collected an. gambiae s.l. from jinja, uganda using world health organization (who) bioassays. only an. gambiae s.s. and an. arabiensis (≈70%) were present. female an. gambiae exhibited extremely high pyrethroid resistance (permethrin lt50 > 2 h; deltamethrin lt50 > 5 h). female an. arabiensis were ... | 2012 | 23046446 |
| pyrethroid resistance in anopheles gambiae, in bomi county, liberia, compromises malaria vector control. | long lasting insecticidal nets (llin) and indoor residual spraying (irs) have both proven to be effective malaria vector control strategies in africa and the new technology of insecticide treated durable wall lining (dl) is being evaluated. sustaining these interventions at high coverage levels is logistically challenging and, furthermore, the increase in insecticide resistance in african malaria vectors may reduce the efficacy of these chemical based interventions. monitoring of vector populati ... | 2012 | 23028724 |
| impact of long-lasting, insecticidal nets on anaemia and prevalence of plasmodium falciparum among children under five years in areas with highly resistant malaria vectors. | the widespread use of insecticide-treated nets (llins) leads to the development of vector resistance to insecticide. this resistance can reduce the effectiveness of llin-based interventions and perhaps reverse progress in reducing malaria morbidity. to prevent such difficulty, it is important to know the real impact of resistance in the effectiveness of mosquito nets. therefore, an assessment of llin efficacy was conducted in malaria prevention among children in high and low resistance areas. | 2014 | 24581394 |
| evidence of increasing l1014f kdr mutation frequency in anopheles gambiae s.l. pyrethroid resistant following a nationwide distribution of llins by the beninese national malaria control programme. | to determine the susceptibility status to pyrethroid in anopheles gambiae s.l. (an. gambiae), the distribution of kdr "leu-phe" mutation in malaria vectors in benin and to compare the current frequency of kdr "leu-phe" mutation to the previous frequency after long-lasting insecticide treated nets implementation. | 0 | 25182444 |
| development and assessment of plant-based synthetic odor baits for surveillance and control of malaria vectors. | recent malaria vector control measures have considerably reduced indoor biting mosquito populations. however, reducing the outdoor biting populations remains a challenge because of the unavailability of appropriate lures to achieve this. this study sought to test the efficacy of plant-based synthetic odor baits in trapping outdoor populations of malaria vectors. | 2014 | 24587059 |
| impacts of insecticide treated bed nets on anopheles gambiae s.l. populations in mbita district and suba district, western kenya. | abundance and species composition of sympatric malaria vector species are the important factors governing transmission intensity. a widespread insecticidal bed net coverage may replace endophagic species with exophagic species. however, unique local environments also influence a vector population. this study examined the impacts of insecticidal bed nets on an. gambiae s.l populations in mbita district and suba district. | 2014 | 24517160 |
| [effectiveness of three biological larvicides and of an insect growth regulator against anopheles arabiensis in senegal]. | urban malaria is a major public health problem in africa. in senegal, the environmental changes seem to favor the persistence of malaria transmission in dakar suburbs by creating, throughout the year, potential breeding sites of malaria vectors. in such a situation and in a context of a growing threat of insecticide resistance in anopheline vectors, the larval control making use of products from biological origin or growth regulators could represent an additional tool to the current strategies d ... | 2016 | 27942991 |
| efficacy of sunlight-activatable porphyrin formulates on larvae of anopheles gambiae m and s molecular forms and an. arabiensis: a potential novel biolarvicide for integrated malaria vector control. | biolarvicides, such as microbial formulations based on bacillus thuringiensis and b. sphaericus, have been found to be highly effective against mosquito larvae and are currently employed as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic chemical insecticides for vector control. recently, a porphyrin of natural origin has been suggested as a sunlight-activatable larvicide against the dengue vector aedes aegypti. in order to validate the approach for the control of the malaria vector, we tested the photo- ... | 2012 | 22668835 |
| biting behaviour of anopheles funestus populations in mutare and mutasa districts, manicaland province, zimbabwe: implications for the malaria control programme. | biting behaviour of anopheles funestus in mutare and mutasa districts, zimbabwe, is little understood. an investigation was conducted to primarily compare indoor and outdoor biting behaviour of the mosquito, as well as blood meal sources and sporozoite rates. | 2017 | 27353581 |
| early biting of the anopheles gambiae s.s. and its challenges to vector control using insecticide treated nets in western kenya highlands. | long term use of insecticides in malaria vector control has been shown to alter the behavior of vectors. such behavioral shifts have the potential of undermining the effectiveness of insecticide-based control interventions. the effects of insecticide treated nets (itns) use on the composition, biting/feeding and sporozoite rates of anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes in musilongo village, vihiga county of western kenya highlands were investigated. adult mosquitoes were collected in selected sleepi ... | 2015 | 26209103 |
| transmission intensity and malaria vector population structure in magugu, babati district in northern tanzania. | a 1-year longitudinal study was conducted in magugu in babati district, northern tanzania to determine malaria vector population structure and malaria transmission indices. mosquitoes were sampled using the centre for disease control (cdc) light traps. a total of 110,357 adult female mosquitoes were collected. anopheles gambiae s.1. accounted 25% of the total female mosquito collected. relatively fewer an. funestus were collected. other mosquito species collected were an. pharoensis, an. coustan ... | 2011 | 24409648 |
| mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in mauritania: a review of their biodiversity, distribution and medical importance. | although mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) are important disease vectors, information on their biodiversity in mauritania is scarce and very dispersed in the literature. data from the scientific literature gathered in the country from 1948 to 2016 were collected and analyzed. overall 51 culicid species comprising 17 anopheles spp., 14 aedes spp., 18 culex spp. and two mansonia spp. have been described in mauritania among which anopheles arabiensis, aedes vexans, culex poicilipes and culex antennat ... | 2017 | 28103955 |
| proteomic changes occurring in the malaria mosquitoes anopheles gambiae and anopheles stephensi during aging. | the age of mosquitoes is a crucial determinant of their ability to transmit pathogens and their resistance to insecticides. we investigated changes to the abundance of proteins found in heads and thoraces of the malaria mosquitoes anopheles gambiae and anopheles stephensi as they aged. protein expression changes were assessed using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and the identity of differentially expressed proteins was determined by using either matrix-assisted laser desorption i ... | 2015 | 26100052 |
| malaria transmission and the sensitivity of aggressive mosquitoes to insecticides in a poorly urbanized area of the deido health district in douala (cameroon). | the design of an appropriate strategy for mosquito control in urban areas must take into account the local ecoclimate and its particularities. this study sought to determine the dynamics of malaria transmission and the level of insecticide susceptibility of aggressive mosquitoes in ndogbong, a poorly urbanized district of douala. mosquitoes were captured on volunteers in 4 houses and outdoors for 2 consecutive nights a month, from april to september 2014, and identified by molecular and morpholo ... | 2017 | 28132950 |
| pyrethroids and ddt tolerance of anopheles gambiae s.l. from sengerema district, an area of intensive pesticide usage in north-western tanzania. | to assess the susceptibility status of malaria vectors to pyrethroids and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt), characterise the mechanisms underlying resistance and evaluate the role of agro-chemical use in resistance selection among malaria vectors in sengerema agro-ecosystem zone, tanzania. | 2017 | 28168834 |
| monitoring dry season persistence of anopheles gambiae s.l. populations in a contained semi-field system in southwestern burkina faso, west africa. | to gain insight into the dry season survival strategies of anopheles gambiae s.l., a new contained semi-field system was developed and used for the first time in burkina faso, west africa. the system consisted of a screened greenhouse within which the local environment was reproduced, including all ecological requirements for mosquito development cycle completion. the system was seeded with the progenies of female anopheles gambiae, anopheles coluzzii, and anopheles arabiensis collected in the v ... | 2016 | 26576935 |
| spatial abundance and human biting rate of anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus in savannah and rice agro-ecosystems of central tanzania. | this study was carried out to determine the spatial variations in malaria mosquito abundance and human biting rate in five villages representing rice-irrigation and savannah ecosystems in kilosa district, central tanzania. the study involved five villages namely tindiga and malui (wetland/rice irrigation), twatwatwa and mbwade (dry savannah) and kimamba (wet savannah). indoor mosquitoes were sampled using centers for disease control and prevention light traps in three houses in each village. ano ... | 2015 | 26054517 |
| metabolomic and ecdysteroid variations in anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes exposed to the stressful conditions of the dry season in burkina faso, west africa. | this study explored the metabolic adjustments prompted by a switch between the rainy and dry season conditions in the african malaria mosquitoes anopheles gambiae (m and s molecular forms) and anopheles arabiensis. mosquitoes were reared in contrasted experimental conditions reflecting environmental variation in burkina faso. thirty-five metabolites (including sugars, polyols, and amino acids) were monitored in newly emerged males and females, and their ecdysteroid titers were determined. metabo ... | 2014 | 24769712 |
| [agricultural activities and epidemiology of malaria in soudano-sahelian zone in cameroon]. | we have comparatively studied the dynamics of malaria transmission in the villages of mokolo-douvar located in the rural area with traditional agriculture and gounougou irrigated rice area, in 2004 august and november and 2006 may and october, to assess vectors biting habits, and malaria inoculation rate and malaria parasite prevalence in cohort of children from 0 to 15 years. mosquitoes were collected by landing catches on volunteers and by pyrethrum spray collections. a total of 5961 anopheles ... | 2012 | 22294407 |
| resting behaviour of anopheles gambiae s.l. and its implication on malaria transmission in uyui district, western tanzania. | an entomological survey to determine resting behaviour and species composition of malaria vectors was carried out in uyui district in western tanzania in may 2009. mosquitoes were collected using indoor resting catch, window exit trap and outdoor "bed-net" techniques. the mosquitoes were identified using morphological key and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a total of 672 anopheles gambiae sensu lato were collected. of these, 661 (98.4%) were collected outdoor whereas few (1.6%) were collected ... | 2011 | 26592058 |
| species identification and resistance status of anopheles gambiae s.l. (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes in guinea. | insecticide resistance is one of the primary threats to the recent gains in malaria control. this is especially true in guinea, where long-lasting insecticidal nets are currently the primary vector control intervention. to better inform the national malaria control program on the current status of insecticide resistance in guinea, resistance bioassays were conducted, using anopheles gambiae s.l. giles, in three sites. molecular analyses were also done on an. gambiae s.l. to determine the species ... | 2017 | 28399224 |
| [distribution of species and kdr gene frequency among anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles coluzzii populations in five agricultural sites in côte d'ivoire]. | the resistance of anopheles gambiae s.l. to insecticides constitutes a concern for the programs of malaria control because it can be an obstacle to effective control of the vectors. the follow-up of this resistance is a priority to work out strategies of management and to preserve the means of that major malaria vector control activities. the general objective of this study is to identify the species within an. gambiae s.l., and to determine the frequency of the kdr gene in an. gambiae s.s. and ... | 2017 | 28357641 |
| [the anopheles gambiae species complex and kdr resistance gene at the periphery of douala, cameroon]. | this study was conducted from may to june 2015 in yassa (industrialized area) and logbessou (non-industrialized area), two peri-urban areas of the city of douala, cameroon with the aim of an assessment of the spatial distribution of the gambiae complex, the determination of their resistance to insecticides and the distribution of the kdr mutation. mosquito larvae were collected by the dipping method and nursed to adult stage. the sensitivity of adult anopheles gambiae s.l. populations to ddt and ... | 2017 | 28303549 |
| pre-copula acoustic behaviour of males in the malarial mosquitoes anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae s.s. does not contribute to reproductive isolation. | we reveal that males of two members of the anopheles gambiae s.l. species complex, anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae s.s. (hereafter a. gambiae), which are both malaria vectors, perform a stereotypical acoustic behaviour in response to pure tones at frequencies that encompass the frequency range of the female's flight-tones. this behaviour resembles that described for culex quinquefasciatus and consists of phonotactic flight initiated by a steep increase in wing-beat frequency (wbf) follo ... | 2017 | 28148817 |
| presence of species within the anopheles gambiae complex in the democratic republic of congo. | anopheles gambiae s.l. is the primary vector of malaria in the democratic republic of congo, however, there is little data on the species from this complex present in the country. | 2016 | 27317755 |
| evolution of goundry, a cryptic subgroup of anopheles gambiae s.l., and its impact on susceptibility to plasmodium infection. | the recent discovery of a previously unknown genetic subgroup of anopheles gambiae sensu lato underscores our incomplete understanding of complexities of vector population demographics in anopheles. this subgroup, named goundry, does not rest indoors as adults and is highly susceptible to plasmodium infection in the laboratory. initial description of goundry suggested it differed from other known anopheles taxa in surprising and sometimes contradictory ways, raising a number of questions about i ... | 2016 | 26846876 |
| modeling the seasonality of anopheles gambiae s.s. biting rates in a south benin sanitary zone. | efficient malaria vector control requires knowledge of spatio-temporal vector dynamics. we have classified village groups according to the biting rate profiles of both anopheles coluzzii and an. gambiae, the major malaria vectors in these villages. | 2014 | 24578284 |
| some like it hot: a differential response to changing temperatures by the malaria vectors anopheles funestus and an. gambiae s.l. | with the possible implications of global warming, the effect of temperature on the dynamics of malaria vectors in africa has become a subject of increasing interest. information from the field is, however, relatively sparse. we describe the effect of ambient temperature over a five-year period on the dynamics of an. funestus and an. gambiae s.l., collected from a single village in southern mozambique where temperatures varied from a night-time minimum of 6 °c in the cool season to a daytime maxi ... | 2017 | 28367367 |
| experimental hut evaluation of a novel long-lasting non-pyrethroid durable wall lining for control of pyrethroid-resistant anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus in tanzania. | a novel, insecticide-treated, durable wall lining (itwl), which mimics indoor residual spraying (irs), has been developed to provide prolonged vector control when fixed to the inner walls of houses. permanet(®) itwl is a polypropylene material containing non-pyrethroids (abamectin and fenpyroximate) which migrate gradually to the surface. | 2017 | 28212636 |
| mapping the distribution of anopheles funestus across benin highlights a sharp contrast of susceptibility to insecticides and infection rate to plasmodium between southern and northern populations. | background. malaria remains an important public health issue in benin, with anopheles gambiae s.l. and anopheles funestus s.s being the predominant vectors. this study was designed to generate information on an. funestus distribution, molecular speciation, plasmodium infection rate and insecticide susceptibility status across benin. methods. mosquito samples were collected from december 2014 to january 2016 in 46 localities in benin. these samples were mapped and an. funestus collected were spec ... | 2016 | 28191507 |
| analysis of the sporozoite elisa for estimating infection rates in mozambican anophelines. | comparisons were undertaken to investigate cost-effective methods of implementing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for sporozoite determination in anophelines when large numbers require processing. comparisons between elisa plate reader and visual assessments were performed with anopheles funestus and anopheles gambiae s.l. (diptera: culicidae), as were comparisons between whole-body mosquito samples, heads and thoraces, and abdomens alone. rates obtained from pools of five or 10 mo ... | 2015 | 25088021 |
| assessment of ficam vc (bendiocarb) residual activity on different wall surfaces for control of anopheles gambiae s.s. (diptera: culicidae) in northern uganda. | insecticide decay rate on different wall surfaces is of importance to indoor residual spray (irs) programs used as a malaria control intervention. past irs operations showed increasing populations of endophilic malaria vectors resting on indoor surfaces from various sites in uganda following use of ficam vc (bendiocarb) insecticide; variability of insecticide life was believed to be primarily due to wall surface type. bendiocarb longevity was tested in the northern uganda districts of amuru, apa ... | 2017 | 28399299 |
| first report of the east african kdr mutation in an anopheles gambiae mosquito in côte d'ivoire. | background. the intensive use of insecticides in public health and agriculture has led to the development of insecticide resistances in malaria vectors across sub-saharan africa countries in the last two decades. the kdr target site point mutation which is among the best characterised resistance mechanisms seems to be changing its distribution patterns on the african continent. the 1014f kdr mutation originally described only in west africa is spreading to east africa while the 1014s kdr mutat ... | 2017 | 28317032 |
| targeting male mosquito swarms to control malaria vector density. | malaria control programs are being jeopardized by the spread of insecticide resistance in mosquito vector populations. it has been estimated that the spread of resistance could lead to an additional 120000 deaths per year, and interfere with the prospects for sustained control or the feasibility of achieving malaria elimination. another complication for the development of resistance management strategies is that, in addition to insecticide resistance, mosquito behavior evolves in a manner that d ... | 2017 | 28278212 |
| evidence that agricultural use of pesticides selects pyrethroid resistance within anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from cotton growing areas in burkina faso, west africa. | many studies have shown the role of agriculture in the selection and spread of resistance of anopheles gambiae s.l. to insecticides. however, no study has directly demonstrated the presence of insecticides in breeding sources as a source of selection for this resistance. it is in this context that we investigated the presence of pesticide residues in breeding habitats and their formal involvement in vector resistance to insecticides in areas of west africa with intensive farming. this study was ... | 2017 | 28253316 |
| who cone bio-assays of classical and new-generation long-lasting insecticidal nets call for innovative insecticides targeting the knock-down resistance mechanism in benin. | to increase the effectiveness of insecticide-treated nets (itn) in areas of high resistance, new long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) called new-generation nets have been developed. these nets are treated with the piperonyl butoxide (pbo) synergist which inhibit the action of detoxification enzymes. the effectiveness of the new-generation nets has been proven in some studies, but their specific effect on mosquitoes carrying detoxification enzymes and those carrying both detoxification enzymes ... | 2017 | 28202024 |
| bio-efficacy of deltamethrin based durable wall lining against wild populations of anopheles gambiae s.l. in northern tanzania. | indoor residual spraying (irs) is one of the preferred tools used for control of malaria in many settings in the world. however, this control tool still faces challenges that include lack of long lasting active ingredient, limited number of well-trained personal, and need of repeated treatment which increases operational costs and reduces acceptability by residents. as a result there is need to develop and validate other methods which can complement the existing controls. the current study compa ... | 2017 | 28187779 |
| a novel window entry/exit trap for the study of endophilic behavior of mosquitoes. | to overcome the limitations of currently used window entry/exit traps, we developed an efficient new glue net entry/exit trap (gnt) that is economical, easily transported and assembled, and can be utilized for a variety of studies which aim to investigate the dynamics of mosquito movements between indoor and outdoor habitats. cage experiments were conducted to determine what percentage of mosquitoes trying to pass through the netting are actually being caught. the gnt caught 97% of female and 98 ... | 2017 | 28027886 |
| survival value and sugar access of four east african plant species attractive to a laboratory strain of sympatric anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae). | mosquitoes derive energy from plant sugar, thereby promoting survival and reproduction. its survival value to females plays a key role in the vectorial capacity of mosquito populations. previous olfactometry assays of responsiveness demonstrated that senna didymobotrya fresenius, parthenium hysterophorus, l. senna occidentalis, (l) and lantana camara l were among the most attractive plants for the mbita strain of anopheles gambiae s.s. giles in eastern africa. here, we provide experimental evide ... | 2016 | 27247348 |
| optimizing collection of anopheles gambiae s.s. (diptera: culicidae) in biogents sentinel traps. | surveillance of malaria vectors in africa is most often accomplished using cdc-type light traps or human landing catches (hlcs). over the past 30 yr, a variety of commercial and experimental mosquito traps have been developed for residential mosquito control or for improved surveillance of disease vector species, including the bg sentinel (bgs) trap. to optimize collection of anopheles gambiae giles using this trap, bgs traps were modified with an opening (vent) added to the trap base to decreas ... | 2014 | 26309317 |
| evaluating the sterilizing effect of pyriproxyfen treated mosquito nets against anopheles gambiae at different blood-feeding intervals. | pyrethroid resistant malaria vectors are widespread throughout sub-saharan africa and new insecticides with different modes of action are urgently needed. pyriproxyfen is a juvenile hormone mimic that reduces fecundity and fertility of adult anopheles mosquitoes when used as a contact insecticide. a long-lasting insecticidal net incorporating pyriproxyfen is under development. as wild, host-seeking females may succeed in blood-feeding at different intervals after initial contact with mosquito ne ... | 2015 | 26200789 |
| insecticidal activities of bark, leaf and seed extracts of zanthoxylum heitzii against the african malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | the olon tree, zanthoxylum heitzii (syn. fagara heitzii) is commonly found in the central-west african forests. in the republic of congo (congo-brazzaville) its bark is anecdotally reported to provide human protection against fleas. here we assess the insecticidal activities of z. heitzii stem bark, seed and leaf extracts against anopheles gambiae s.s, the main malaria vector in africa. extracts were obtained by accelerated solvent extraction (ase) using solvents of different polarity and by cla ... | 2014 | 25525826 |
| ecological succession and its impact on malaria vectors and their predators in borrow pits in western ethiopia. | soil pits excavated for home construction are important larval habitats for malaria vectors in certain parts of africa. borrow pits in diverse stages of ecological succession in a maize-farming region of western ethiopia were surveyed to assess the relationships between stage of succession and the structure and composition of invertebrate and plant communities, with particular attention to anopheles gambiae s.l. and an. coustani, the primary local malaria vectors. an array of 82 borrow pits was ... | 2014 | 25424271 |
| increased tolerance of anopheles gambiae s.s. to chemical insecticides after exposure to agrochemical mixture. | resistance of mosquitoes to insecticides is mainly attributed to their adaptation to insecticide-based vector control interventions. although pesticides used in agriculture have been frequently mentioned as an additional force driving the selection of resistance, only a few studies were dedicated to validate this hypothesis. the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of exposure of the malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae s.s. larvae for 72h to sub-lethal concentrations of the agro ... | 2014 | 26891523 |
| toxicity of pirimiphos methyl (actellic 25ec) on anopheles gambiae s.s., culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae), and potential biocontrol agent, poecilia reticulata (pisces: poeciliidae). | the toxicity of an emulsifiable formulation of pirimiphos methyl (actellic 25ec) on anopheles gambiae s.s. giles, culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae), and predator fish poecilia reticulata peters (pisces: poeciliidae) was investigated. acute toxicity tests were carried out to determine the effect of the larvicide on mosquito larvae and fish species. to investigate the nontarget effects on p. reticulata, fish of similar size (3.5 +/- 0.2 cm) were randomly selected and exposed for 28 d ... | 2014 | 25195433 |
| efficacy of various insecticides recommended for indoor residual spraying: pirimiphos methyl, potential alternative to bendiocarb for pyrethroid resistance management in benin, west africa. | using the same insecticide for multiple successive indoor residual spraying (irs) cycles is not recommended; instead, the national malaria control program (nmcp) has decided to select another insecticide (insecticide b) in addition to bendiocarb for indoor residual spraying. | 2014 | 24463582 |
| laboratory evaluation of fendona 6sc treated bednets and interceptor long-lasting nets against anopheles gambiae s.l. in burkina faso. | insecticide-treated bednets play a cornerstone role in the efforts to control malaria. bednets entomological efficacy is the determinant factor of their use to control malaria. in this study, we compared under laboratory conditions, the efficacy of two long-lasting nets (permanet versus interceptor) and two treatments kits k-o tab (deltamethrin) versus fendona 6sc (alpha-cypermethrin) against anopheles gambiae s.l. malaria vectors. the efficacy of washed and unwashed bednets was assessed by cont ... | 2014 | 24425451 |
| swarming behaviour in natural populations of anopheles gambiae and an. coluzzii: review of 4 years survey in rural areas of sympatry, burkina faso (west africa). | the swarming behaviour of natural populations of anopheles gambiae and an. coluzzii (formerly known as an. gambiae s and m forms, respectively) were investigated through longitudinal surveys conducted between july 2006 and october 2009 in two rural areas of south-western burkina faso where these forms are sympatric. in both sites, the majority of swarms were recorded above visual markers localised among houses. in soumousso, a wooded area of savannah, 108 pairs caught in copula from 205 swarms w ... | 2014 | 24370676 |
| effect of three larval diets on larval development and male sexual performance of anopheles gambiae s.s. | population replacement/elimination strategies based on mass-release of sterile or otherwise genetically modified (male) mosquitoes are being considered in order to expand the malaria vector control arsenal on the way to eradication. a challenge in this context, is to produce male mosquitoes that will be able to compete and mate with wild females more efficiently than their wild counterparts, i.e. high fitness males. this study explored the effect of three larval food diets developed by the inter ... | 2014 | 24291460 |
| chemical composition and mosquito repellency of essential oil of conyza newii propagated in different geographical locations of kenya. | previously, essential oil of conyza newii (asterale: asteracea, oliv. & hiern) growing in the northern part of west pokot (35°e, 1°n) of kenya was shown to be highly repellent [rd50 = 8.9 × 10(-5) mg/cm(2) , 95% confidence interval (cl)] to anopheles gambiae s.s. fumigant toxicity of the oil to the mosquito was also demonstrated. the major constituents of the oil were found to be monoterpenoids, including (s)-(-)-perillyl alcohol, (s)-(-)-perillaldehyde, geraniol, (r)-(+)-limonene, trans-β-ocime ... | 2014 | 24266583 |
| field efficacy and acceptability of permanet® 3.0 and olysetnet® in kinshasa, democratic republic of the congo. | insecticide resistance in mosquitoes at kinshasa may jeopardize the efficacy and usage of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins). entomological impact, user acceptance and bioefficacy of a combination llin (permanet® 3.0) and a standard llin (olysetnet®) were evaluated at two sites in kinshasa characterized by high densities of either anopheles gambiae s.s. (kindele) or culex spp (kimbangu). | 2013 | 24220080 |
| distribution and spread of pyrethroid and ddt resistance among the anopheles gambiae complex in tanzania. | the development of insecticide resistance is a threat to the control of malaria in africa. we report the findings of a national survey carried out in tanzania in 2011 to monitor the susceptibility of malaria vectors to pyrethroid, organophosphate, carbamate and ddt insecticides, and compare these findings with those identified in 2004 and 2010. standard world health organization (who) methods were used to detect knock-down and mortality rates in wild female anopheles gambiae s.l. (diptera: culic ... | 2014 | 24192019 |
| immature development of the malaria vector mosquito, anopheles gambiae s.l. (diptera: culicidae), in relation to soil-substrate organic matter content of larval habitats in northcentral nigeria. | this study elucidated the relationships between larval habitat soil-substrate organic matter content (omc) and immature development of the mosquito anopheles gambiae s.l. day-old larvae of the mosquito were reared in media substrated with typical soil samples (i.e., sandy, silt, clayey and loamy soils), from established anopheline breeding sites, to provide a gradient in soil-substrate omc. the omc of the soil samples were determined by ignition to a constant weight; while the developing a. gamb ... | 2013 | 24171275 |
| malaria vector population dynamics in highland and lowland regions of western kenya. | malaria is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-saharan africa. a child below five years dies after every 30 min. highland areas under land use change impact on malaria transmission by altering the microclimate of the immature stages and adult mosquitoes. adult vector population dynamics is important because it is an indicator of transmission risk of the disease. this study was to investigate the effects of microclimatic changes on the mosquito indoor-resting behavior. | 2013 | 23995309 |
| effects of larval density and feeding rates on larval life history traits in anopheles gambiae s.s. (diptera: culicidae). | mosquito larval habitat determines the fitness, survivorship, fecundity, and vector capacity of emerging adults. we manipulated larval density and food provisioning in the laboratory to determine their effects on a number of life history parameters of anopheles gambiae. larval mortality was positively correlated with larval density. in addition, increased density skewed sex ratios that favored females. | 2013 | 23701616 |
| comparison of the effects of extracts from three vitex plant species on anopheles gambiae s.s. (diptera: culicidae) larvae. | acetone and methanol extracts of different parts of three vitex species (leaves and stem bark of vitex trifolia, leaves, stem bark and root bark of vitex schiliebenii and stem and root bark of vitex payos) were evaluated for their potential to control anopheles gambiae giles s.s. larvae (diptera: culicidae). the extracts gave different levels and rate of mortality of the larvae. some (methanol extract of v. trifolia leaves, acetone extracts of stem bark and leaves of v. schiliebenii, acetone ext ... | 2013 | 23688936 |
| molecular characterization of the carbon dioxide receptor in the oriental latrine fly, chrysomya megacephala (diptera: calliphoridae). | the blowfly chrysomya megacephala (fabricius) (diptera: calliphoridae) cannot only act as a mechanical vector of various pathogens, but also infest man and animals causing human health problems and economic losses in the livestock and fish industries. as in other insects, olfaction of this species plays an important role in host location and is presumably mediated via transmembrane receptor signaling pathways. here, we isolate and characterize cmeggr1 and cmeggr2, two new members of the chemosen ... | 2013 | 23604565 |
| effects of age and size on anopheles gambiae s.s. male mosquito mating success. | before the release of genetically-modified or sterile male mosquitoes in an attempt to control local populations of malaria vectors, it is crucial to determine male traits involved in mating success. the effects of male size and age as determinants of male mating success in anopheles gambiae s.s. were measured in the field and under laboratory conditions in burkina faso. first, the body sizes (estimated by wing length) of mating, swarming, and indoor-resting male mosquitoes were compared over a ... | 2013 | 23540115 |
| experimental hut evaluation of fendona 6sc®-treated bednets and interceptor® long-lasting nets against anopheles gambiae s.l. in burkina faso. | malaria prevention relies heavily on insecticide-treated bednets. even though the benefits of bednets have been proven that in most of the studies carried out in africa, their efficacy remains dependent on local conditions. in this study, under field conditions, we evaluated the efficacy of two llins (permanet® vs interceptor® ) and two bednet treatment kits (k-o tab® vs fendona 6sc® ) against anopheles gambiae s.l. | 2012 | 23428523 |
| assortative mating in mixed swarms of the mosquito anopheles gambiae s.s. m and s molecular forms, in burkina faso, west africa. | the molecular form composition of anopheles gambiae giles s.s. (diptera: culicidae) mating swarms and the associated mating pairs (copulae) were investigated during two rainy seasons (july to october, 2005 and july to november, 2006) in the villages of soumousso and vallée du kou (vk7). although the habitats of these villages differ markedly, sympatric populations of m and s molecular forms of an. gambiae s.s. occur in both places periodically. the main aim was to assess the degree to which thes ... | 2013 | 23360106 |
| larval density dependence in anopheles gambiae s.s., the major african vector of malaria. | anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is the most important vector of malaria in africa although relatively little is known about the density-dependent processes determining its population size. mosquito larval density was manipulated under semi-natural conditions using artificial larval breeding sites placed in the field in coastal kenya; two experiments were conducted: one manipulating the density of a single cohort of larvae across a range of densities and the other employing fewer densities but wi ... | 2013 | 23163565 |
| species composition of the anopheles gambiae complex across eco-vegetational zones in bayelsa state, niger delta region, nigeria. | correct vector identification is an important task in the planning and implementation of malaria vector control programmes. this study was designed to provide baseline information on the species composition and distribution of members of the anopheles gambiae complex in three eco-vegetational zones in bayelsa state, nigeria. | 2012 | 23135011 |
| first report of the l1014s kdr mutation in wild populations of anopheles gambiae m and s molecular forms in burkina faso (west africa). | we investigated the occurrence of the l1014f and l1014s kdr mutations in malaria vector populations in burkina faso (west africa). a cross-sectional survey was conducted at 10 sites all located in cotton cultivation areas which are assumed to be the major insecticide resistance selection foci in burkina faso. the hot ligation method was used to detect the two kdr mutations in field collected anopheles gambiae s.l. samples. for the first time in burkina faso the l1014s mutation was identified in ... | 2013 | 23128044 |
| pyrethroid resistance in anopheles gambiae from the rubber cultivated area of niete, south region of cameroon. | anti-vector intervention remains the most effective way of controlling malaria. although in cameroon and elsewhere focus is on the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying, the efficacy of both methods greatly depends on the continuing susceptibility of the vectors to the insecticides used. the emergence and spread of insecticide resistance in the major malaria vectors constitute a huge challenge to control programmes. consequently, routine monitoring and evaluation of ... | 2012 | 22935317 |
| [late impact of lambdacyhalothrin-treated nets on kdr allelic frequency in anopheles gambiae s.s. (diptera: culicidae) from northern côte-d'ivoire]. | nets treated with lambdacyhalothrin 15 mg a.i./m2 were distributed in four villages of korhogo area in northern côte-d'ivoire, and four other villages without nets were followed as controls. mosquitoes were collected every three months from june 1999 to august 2000 in the villages, and then tested to determine their genotypes for kdr mutation l1014f conferring cross-resistance to pyrethroids and ddt and for m and s molecular forms of anopheles gambiae s.s. the frequencies of the resistant allele ... | 2012 | 22814881 |
| susceptibility status of malaria vectors to insecticides commonly used for malaria control in tanzania. | the aim of the study was to monitor the insecticide susceptibility status of malaria vectors in 12 sentinel districts of tanzania. | 2012 | 22519840 |
| [bio-ecological characteristics of anopheles gambiae s.s. in irrigated rice fields of central côte d'ivoire]. | this longitudinal entomological survey was conducted between september 2008 and september 2009 in the villages of abokro and yaokoffikro located in an irrigated rice farming area of central côte d'ivoire. the purpose was to investigate the bio-ecological characteristics of anopheles gambiae s.s. during the gonotrophic cycle. in both villages, adult mosquitoes were captured in 72 light traps, collected on humans subjects at a rate of 72 man-night from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m., and knocked down using pyre ... | 2011 | 22393624 |
| the impact of uniform and mixed species blood meals on the fitness of the mosquito vector anopheles gambiae s.s: does a specialist pay for diversifying its host species diet? | we investigated the fitness consequences of specialization in an organism whose host choice has an immense impact on human health: the african malaria vector anopheles gambiae s.s. we tested whether this mosquito's specialism on humans can be attributed to the relative fitness benefits of specialist vs. generalist feeding strategies by contrasting their fecundity and survival on human-only and mixed host diets consisting of blood meals from humans and animals. when given only one blood meal, an. ... | 2012 | 22221693 |
| influence of pyrethroïd-treated bed net on host seeking behavior of anopheles gambiae s.s. carrying the kdr allele. | the use of long lasting insecticide nets (llins) treated with pyrethroïd is known for its major contribution in malaria control. however, llins are suspected to induce behavioral changes in malaria vectors, which may in turn drastically affect their efficacy against plasmodium sp. transmission. in sub saharan africa, where malaria imposes the heaviest burden, the main malaria vectors are widely resistant to pyrethroïds, the insecticide family used on llins, which also threatens llin efficiency. ... | 2017 | 28759566 |
| indoor residual spraying with micro-encapsulated pirimiphos-methyl (actellic® 300cs) against malaria vectors in the lake victoria basin, tanzania. | the indoor residual spraying programme for malaria vectors control was implemented in four districts of the lake victoria basin of tanzania namely ukerewe, sengerema, rorya andserengeti. entomological monitoring activities were implemented in one sentinel village in each district to evaluate the efficacy of pirimiphos-methyl 300 cs sprayed on different wall surfaces and its impact against malaria vectors post-irs intervention. | 2017 | 28489935 |
| photoperiodic responses of sahelian malaria mosquitoes anopheles coluzzii and an. arabiensis. | throughout large parts of sub-saharan africa, seasonal malaria transmission follows mosquito density, approaching zero during the dry season and peaking during the wet season. the mechanisms by which malaria mosquitoes survive the long dry season, when no larval sites are available remain largely unknown, despite being long recognized as a critical target for vector control. previous work in the west african sahel has led to the hypothesis that anopheles coluzzii (formerly m-form anopheles gambi ... | 2017 | 29282150 |
| new evidence of mating swarms of the malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis in tanzania. | background: malaria mosquitoes form mating swarms around sunset, often at the same locations for months or years. unfortunately, studies of anopheles swarms are rare in east africa, the last recorded field observations in tanzania having been in 1983. methods: mosquito swarms were surveyed by trained volunteers between august-2016 and june-2017 in ulanga district, tanzania. identified anopheles swarms were sampled using sweep nets, and collected mosquitoes killed by refrigeration then identified ... | 2017 | 29184918 |
| indoor and outdoor malaria vector surveillance in western kenya: implications for better understanding of residual transmission. | the widespread use of indoor-based malaria vector control interventions has been shown to alter the behaviour of vectors in africa. there is an increasing concern that such changes could sustain residual transmission. this study was conducted to assess vector species composition, feeding behaviour and their contribution to indoor and outdoor malaria transmission in western kenya. | 2017 | 29110670 |
| the influence of age on insecticide susceptibility of anopheles arabiensis during dry and rainy seasons in rice irrigation schemes of northern tanzania. | insecticide resistance is the major emerging challenge facing the malaria vector control programmes in tanzania. proper monitoring and detection is of paramount importance guiding the vector control programmes. this paper presents the effect of mosquito aging on insecticide resistance status in anopheles arabiensis populations in dry and rainy seasons in northern tanzania. | 2017 | 28893240 |
| composition of anopheles mosquitoes, their blood-meal hosts, and plasmodium falciparum infection rates in three islands with disparate bed net coverage in lake victoria, kenya. | small islands serve as potential malaria reservoirs through which new infections might come to the mainland and may be important targets in malaria elimination efforts. this study investigated malaria vector species diversity, blood-meal hosts, plasmodium infection rates, and long-lasting insecticidal net (llin) coverage on mageta, magare and ngodhe islands of lake victoria in western kenya, a region where extensive vector control is implemented on the mainland. | 2017 | 28886724 |
| mapping insecticide resistance and characterization of resistance mechanisms in anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) in ethiopia. | the emergence and spread of insecticide resistance in the major african malaria vectors anopheles gambiae (s.s.) and an. arabiensis may compromise the current vector control interventions and threatens the global malaria control and elimination efforts. | 2017 | 28865490 |
| 2-butanone as a carbon dioxide mimic in attractant blends for the afrotropical malaria mosquitoes anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus. | most odour baits designed to attract host-seeking mosquitoes contain carbon dioxide (co2), which enhances trap catches, given its role as a mosquito flight activator. however, the use of co2 is expensive and logistically demanding for prolonged area-wide use. | 2017 | 28836977 |
| 'repel all biters': an enhanced collection of endophilic anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis in cdc light-traps, from the kagera region of tanzania, in the presence of a combination mosquito net impregnated with piperonyl butoxide and permethrin. | mosquito nets containing synergists designed to overcome metabolic resistance mechanisms in vectors have been developed. these may enhance excitability in the mosquitoes and affect how they respond to cdc light-traps. investigating the behaviour of vectors of disease in relation to novel mosquito nets is, therefore, essential for the design of sampling and surveillance systems. | 2017 | 28810872 |
| eave tubes for malaria control in africa: prototyping and evaluation against anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles arabiensis under semi-field conditions in western kenya. | whilst significant progress has been made in the fight against malaria, vector control continues to rely on just two insecticidal methods, i.e., indoor residual spraying and insecticidal bed nets. house improvement shows great potential to complement these methods and may further reduce indoor mosquito biting and disease transmission. open eaves serve as important mosquito house entry points and provide a suitable location for intercepting host-seeking anophelines. this study describes semi-fiel ... | 2017 | 28778169 |
| explaining variation in adult anopheles indoor resting abundance: the relative effects of larval habitat proximity and insecticide-treated bed net use. | spatial determinants of malaria risk within communities are associated with heterogeneity of exposure to vector mosquitoes. the abundance of adult malaria vectors inside people's houses, where most transmission takes place, should be associated with several factors: proximity of houses to larval habitats, structural characteristics of houses, indoor use of vector control tools containing insecticides, and human behavioural and environmental factors in and near houses. while most previous studies ... | 2017 | 28716087 |
| community perceptions on outdoor malaria transmission in kilombero valley, southern tanzania. | the extensive use of indoor residual spraying (irs) and insecticide-treated nets (itns) in africa has contributed to a significant reduction in malaria transmission. even so, residual malaria transmission persists in many regions, partly driven by mosquitoes that bite people outdoors. in areas where anopheles gambiae s.s. is a dominant vector, most interventions target the reduction of indoor transmission. the increased use of itns/llins and irs has led to the decline of this species. as a resul ... | 2017 | 28676051 |
| variation in host preferences of malaria mosquitoes is mediated by skin bacterial volatiles. | the host preferences of the anthropophilic mosquito species in the anopheles gambiae complex (diptera: culicidae) are mediated by skin bacterial volatiles. however, it is not known whether these mosquitoes respond differentially to skin bacterial volatiles from non-human host species. in this study, the responses of two malaria mosquito species in the an. gambiae complex, anopheles gambiae s.s. (hereafter, an. gambiae) and anopheles arabiensis, with different host preferences, to volatiles relea ... | 2017 | 28639690 |
| relating high insecticide residues in larval breeding habitats in urban residential areas to the selection of pyrethroid resistance in anopheles gambiae s.l. (diptera: culicidae) in akim oda, ghana. | the main objective of this study was to assess insecticide contamination in anopheles breeding habitats in urban residential areas and pyrethroid susceptibility status of mosquitoes found in the habitats. a larval survey was conducted in akim oda between july and october 2016. the larvae that were reared to adult were used for susceptibility test against four different pyrethroid insecticides (deltamethrin 0.05%, permethrin 0.75%, cyfluthrin 0.15%, and etofenprox 0.5%). gas chromatography was us ... | 2017 | 29267961 |