Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| entomological indices of malaria transmission in chikhwawa district, southern malawi. | although malaria is highly prevalent throughout malawi, little is known of its transmission dynamics. this paper describes the seasonal activity of the different vectors, human biting indices, sporozoite rates and the entomological inoculation rate in a low-lying rural area in southern malawi. | 2012 | 23171123 |
| development of an allele-specific, loop-mediated, isothermal amplification method (as-lamp) to detect the l1014f kdr-w mutation in anopheles gambiae s. l. | malaria control relies heavily on treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying with pyrethroid insecticides. unfortunately, the resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, mainly due to the kdr mutation, is spreading in the main malaria vector anopheles gambiae s.l., decreasing the insecticides' efficacy. to manage the insecticide resistance rapidly and flexibly, simple and effective tools for the early detection of resistant mosquitoes are needed. this study aimed to develop an allele-specific, loo ... | 2012 | 22770418 |
| comparison of the standard who susceptibility tests and the cdc bottle bioassay for the determination of insecticide susceptibility in malaria vectors and their correlation with biochemical and molecular biology assays in benin, west africa. | the detection of insecticide resistance in natural populations of anopheles vectors is absolutely necessary for malaria control. in the african region, the who insecticide susceptibility test is the most common method for assessing resistance status. in order to search for a simple, rapid and more reliable technique in the assessment of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors, we compared the who tests with the cdc bottle bioassay in the ouemé province of southern benin where insecticide resis ... | 2013 | 23688233 |
| netting barriers to prevent mosquito entry into houses in southern mozambique: a pilot study. | one of the best ways to control the transmission of malaria is by breaking the vector-human link, either by reducing the effective population size of mosquitoes or avoiding infective bites. reducing house entry rates in endophagic vectors by obstructing openings is one simple way of achieving this. mosquito netting has previously been shown to have this effect. more recently different materials that could also be used have come onto the market. therefore, a pilot study was conducted to investiga ... | 2013 | 23497325 |
| the bionomics of anopheles merus (diptera: culicidae) along the kenyan coast. | anopheles merus, a sibling species of the anopheles gambiae complex occurs along the east african coast but its biology and role in malaria transmission in this region is poorly understood. we evaluated the blood feeding pattern and the role of this species in malaria transmission in malindi district, coastal kenya. | 2013 | 23410133 |
| no evidence for positive selection at two potential targets for malaria transmission-blocking vaccines in anopheles gambiae s.s. | human malaria causes nearly a million deaths in sub-saharan africa each year. the evolution of drug-resistance in the parasite and insecticide resistance in the mosquito vector has complicated control measures and made the need for new control strategies more urgent. anopheles gambiae s.s. is one of the primary vectors of human malaria in africa, and parasite-transmission-blocking vaccines targeting anopheles proteins have been proposed as a possible strategy to control the spread of the disease ... | 2013 | 23357581 |
| incorporating the effects of humidity in a mechanistic model of anopheles gambiae mosquito population dynamics in the sahel region of africa. | low levels of relative humidity are known to decrease the lifespan of mosquitoes. however, most current models of malaria transmission do not account for the effects of relative humidity on mosquito survival. in the sahel, where relative humidity drops to levels <20% for several months of the year, we expect relative humidity to play a significant role in shaping the seasonal profile of mosquito populations. here, we present a new formulation for anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) mosquito surv ... | 2013 | 23938022 |
| dose-response tests and semi-field evaluation of lethal and sub-lethal effects of slow release pyriproxyfen granules (sumilarv®0.5g) for the control of the malaria vectors anopheles gambiae sensu lato. | recently research has shown that larviciding can be an effective tool for integrated malaria vector control. nevertheless, the uptake of this intervention has been hampered by the need to re-apply larvicides frequently. there is a need to explore persistent, environmentally friendly larvicides for malaria vector control to reduce intervention efforts and costs by reducing the frequency of application. in this study, the efficacy of a 0.5% pyriproxyfen granule (surmilarv®0.5g, sumitomo chemicals) ... | 2013 | 23497149 |
| acetylcholinesterase (ace-1) target site mutation 119s is strongly diagnostic of carbamate and organophosphate resistance in anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles coluzzii across southern ghana. | with high ddt resistance present throughout much of west africa, carbamates and organophosphates are increasingly important alternatives to pyrethroids for indoor residual spraying (irs). though less widespread, resistance to both of these alternative insecticide classes has also been documented within the anopheles gambiae species pair (formerly the m and s molecular forms) in west africa. to manage insecticide efficacy, it is important to predict how and where resistance is likely to occur and ... | 2013 | 24206629 |
| differences in timing of mating swarms in sympatric populations of anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae s.s. (formerly an. gambiae m and s molecular forms) in burkina faso, west africa. | the m and s molecular forms of anopheles gambiae s.s. giles appear to have speciated in west africa and the m form is now formally named an. coluzzii coetzee & wilkerson sp.n. and the s form retains the nominotypical name (abbreviated here to an. gambiae). reproductive isolation is thought to be the main barrier to hybridisation; even though both species are found in the same mating swarms, hybrid fertilisations in copulae have not been found in the study area. the aim of the study, therefore, w ... | 2013 | 24330578 |
| filling the gap 115 years after ronald ross: the distribution of the anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae s.s from freetown and monrovia, west africa. | it was in freetown, sierra leone, that the malaria mosquito anopheles coastalis, now known as anopheles gambiae, was first discovered as the vector of malaria, in 1899. that discovery led to a pioneering vector research in sierra leone and neighbouring liberia, where mosquito species were extensively characterized. unfortunately, the decade long civil conflicts of the 1990s, in both countries, resulted in a stagnation of the once vibrant research on disease vectors. this paper attempts to fill i ... | 2013 | 23741429 |
| an analysis of two island groups as potential sites for trials of transgenic mosquitoes for malaria control. | considerable technological advances have been made towards the generation of genetically modified mosquitoes for vector control. in contrast, less progress has been made towards field evaluations of transformed mosquitoes which are critical for evaluating the success of, and hazards associated with, genetic modification. oceanic islands have been highlighted as potentially the best locations for such trials. however, population genetic studies are necessary to verify isolation. here, we used a p ... | 2013 | 23789035 |
| standardizing operational vector sampling techniques for measuring malaria transmission intensity: evaluation of six mosquito collection methods in western kenya. | operational vector sampling methods lack standardization, making quantitative comparisons of malaria transmission across different settings difficult. human landing catch (hlc) is considered the research gold standard for measuring human-mosquito contact, but is unsuitable for large-scale sampling. this study assessed mosquito catch rates of cdc light trap (cdc-lt), ifakara tent trap (itt), window exit trap (wet), pot resting trap (prt), and box resting trap (brt) relative to hlc in western keny ... | 2013 | 23631641 |
| new insights into the population structure of anopheles gambiae s.s. in the gulf of guinea islands revealed by herves transposable elements. | transposable elements (tes) are mobile portions of dna that are able to replicate and spread in the genome of many organisms. tes can be used as a means to insert transgenes in insects, being stably inherited throughout generations. anopheles gambiae is the main vector of human malaria in sub-saharan africa. given the extraordinary burden this disease imposes, the mosquito became a choice target for genetic control approaches with the purpose of reducing malaria transmission. in this study, we i ... | 2013 | 23638171 |
| response of anopheles gambiae s.l. (diptera: culicidae) to larval habitat age in western kenya highlands. | larval control is of paramount importance in the reduction of vector populations. previous observations have suggested that, larvae of anopheles gambiae s.l occur more often in small temporary habitats while other studies showed that long-lasting stable habitats are more productive than unstable habitats. in addition, the physical and biological conditions and stability of larval habitats can change rapidly in natural conditions. therefore, we examined the effect of larval habitat age on product ... | 2013 | 23324330 |
| impact of land-use on malaria transmission in the plateau region, southeastern benin. | the goal of the study is to investigate if local agricultural practices have an impact on malaria transmission in four villages located in the same geographical area within a radius of 15 kilometers. among the villages, one (itassoumba) is characterized by the presence of a large market garden and fishpond basins, the three others (itakpako, djohounkollé and ko-koumolou) are characterized by traditional food-producing agriculture. | 2013 | 24330734 |
| impact of operational effectiveness of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) on malaria transmission in pyrethroid-resistant areas. | a dynamic study on the transmission of malaria was conducted in two areas (r⁺ area: low resistance area; r⁺⁺⁺ area: high resistance area) in the department of plateau in south eastern benin, where the population is protected by long lasting insecticidal nets (llins). the aim of this study was to determine if the resistance of malaria vectors to insecticides has an impact on their behavior and on the effectiveness of llins in the reduction of malaria transmission. | 2013 | 24499508 |
| development of a gravid trap for collecting live malaria vectors anopheles gambiae s.l. | effective malaria vector control targeting indoor host-seeking mosquitoes has resulted in fewer vectors entering houses in many areas of sub-saharan africa, with the proportion of vectors outdoors becoming more important in the transmission of this disease. this study aimed to develop a gravid trap for the outdoor collection of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae s.l. based on evaluation and modification of commercially available gravid traps. | 2013 | 23861952 |
| the dynamics of pyrethroid resistance in anopheles arabiensis from zanzibar and an assessment of the underlying genetic basis. | the emergence of pyrethroid resistance in the malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis, threatens to undermine the considerable gains made towards eliminating malaria on zanzibar. previously, resistance was restricted to the island of pemba while mosquitoes from unguja, the larger of the two islands of zanzibar, were susceptible. here, we characterised the mechanism(s) responsible for resistance on zanzibar using a combination of gene expression and target-site mutation assays. | 2013 | 24314005 |
| large fluctuations in the effective population size of the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae s.s. during vector control cycle. | on bioko island, equatorial guinea, indoor residual spraying (irs) has been part of the bioko island malaria control project since early 2004. despite success in reducing childhood infections, areas of high transmission remain on the island. we therefore examined fluctuations in the effective population size (n e ) of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae in an area of persistent high transmission over two spray rounds. we analyzed data for 13 microsatellite loci from 791 an. gambiae specimens co ... | 2013 | 24478799 |
| dissecting the mechanisms responsible for the multiple insecticide resistance phenotype in anopheles gambiae s.s., m form, from vallée du kou, burkina faso. | with the exception of target site mutations, insecticide resistance mechanisms in the principle malaria vector anopheles gambiae, remains largely uncharacterized in burkina faso. here we detected high prevalence of resistance in vallée du kou (vk) to pyrethroids, ddt and dieldrin, moderate level for carbamates and full susceptibility to organophosphates. high frequencies of l1014f kdr (75%) and rdl (87%) mutations were observed showing strong correlation with pyrethroids/ddt and dieldrin resista ... | 2013 | 23380570 |
| a dynamic model of some malaria-transmitting anopheline mosquitoes of the afrotropical region. i. model description and sensitivity analysis. | most of the current biophysical models designed to address the large-scale distribution of malaria assume that transmission of the disease is independent of the vector involved. another common assumption in these type of model is that the mortality rate of mosquitoes is constant over their life span and that their dispersion is negligible. mosquito models are important in the prediction of malaria and hence there is a need for a realistic representation of the vectors involved. | 2013 | 23342980 |
| contrasted fitness costs of docking and antibacterial constructs in the ee and evida3 strains validates two-phase anopheles gambiae genetic transformation system. | the deployment of transgenic mosquitoes carrying genes for refractoriness to malaria has long been seen as a futuristic scenario riddled with technical difficulties. the integration of anti-malarial effector genes and a gene-drive system into the mosquito genome without affecting mosquito fitness is recognized as critical to the success of this malaria control strategy. here we conducted detailed fitness studies of two anopheles gambiae s.s. transgenic lines recently developed using a two-phase ... | 2013 | 23840679 |
| synergist bioassays: a simple method for initial metabolic resistance investigation of field anopheles gambiae s.l. populations. | metabolic resistance and the potential role of permeability-glycoprotein (p-gp) efflux pumps were investigated in a pyrethroid-resistant wild anopheles gambiae s.l. tiassalé population, using who susceptibility assays with deltamethrin (0.05%), with and without pre-exposure to synergists. the synergists used included an inhibitor of p-glycoprotein efflux pumps (verapamil), an inhibitor of esterases (en 16-5), and an inhibitor of p450s and esterases (piperonyl butoxide). pre-exposure to verapamil ... | 2013 | 24191946 |
| biting patterns and seasonality of anopheles gambiae sensu lato and anopheles funestus mosquitoes in kamuli district, uganda. | we investigated the biting patterns and seasonal abundances of anopheles gambiae s.l. and an. funestus mosquitoes in kamuli district, uganda. | 2013 | 24304974 |
| the efficacy of long-lasting nets with declining physical integrity may be compromised in areas with high levels of pyrethroid resistance. | long-lasting insecticide-treated mosquito nets (llins) are a primary malaria prevention strategy in sub-saharan africa. however, emergence of insecticide resistance threatens the effectiveness of llins. | 2013 | 24156715 |
| insecticide resistance status of anopheles gambiae s.s population from m'bé: a whopes-labelled experimental hut station, 10 years after the political crisis in côte d'ivoire. | an experimental hut station built at m'bé in 1998 was used for many years for the evaluation of insecticidal product for public health until the civil war broke out in 2002. breeding sites of mosquitoes and selection pressure in the area were maintained by local farming practices and the west african rice development association (warda, actually africarice) in a large rice growing area. ten years after the crisis, bioassays, molecular and biochemical analyses were conducted to update the resista ... | 2013 | 23641777 |
| the influence of physiological status on age prediction of anopheles arabiensis using near infra-red spectroscopy. | determining the age of malaria vectors is essential for evaluating the impact of interventions that reduce the survival of wild mosquito populations and for estimating changes in vectorial capacity. near infra-red spectroscopy (nirs) is a simple and non-destructive method that has been used to determine the age and species of anopheles gambiae s.l. by analyzing differences in absorption spectra. the spectra are affected by biochemical changes that occur during the life of a mosquito and could be ... | 2013 | 24499515 |
| evaluation of new tools for malaria vector control in cameroon: focus on long lasting insecticidal nets. | from 2006 to 2011, biological activity of insecticides for indoor residual spraying (irs), conventional treatment of nets (ctns) or long lasting insecticidal nets (llins) was evaluated before their approval in cameroon. the objective of the study was to select the best tools for universal malaria vector control coverage. | 2013 | 24086399 |
| status of organophosphate and carbamate resistance in anopheles gambiae sensu lato from the south and north benin, west africa. | with the rapid spread of pyrethroid resistance in the main malaria vectors from benin and the various resistance mechanisms involved (metabolic resistance and knock-down resistance (kdr), it is important to foresee effective resistance management strategies. thus, the knowledge of the insensitive acetylcholinesterase (ace-1r) effects on phenotypes of an. gambiae will help us to strengthen basic and operational research on the development of strategies that will use organophosphates or carbamates ... | 2013 | 24330550 |
| alternative treatments for indoor residual spraying for malaria control in a village with pyrethroid- and ddt-resistant vectors in the gambia. | malaria vector control is threatened by resistance to pyrethroids, the only class of insecticides used for treating bed nets. the second major vector control method is indoor residual spraying with pyrethroids or the organochloride ddt. however, resistance to pyrethroids frequently confers resistance to ddt. therefore, alternative insecticides are urgently needed. | 2013 | 24058551 |
| mixed-function oxidases and esterases associated with permethrin, deltamethrin and bendiocarb resistance in anopheles gambiae s.l. in the south-north transect benin, west africa. | insecticide resistance monitoring is essential to help national programmers to implement more effective and sustainable malaria control strategies in endemic countries. the current study aimed at an exploring the involvement of detoxifying enzymes in the insecticide phenotype resistance in anopheles gambiae s.l.from benin, in order to guide future malaria vector control interventions. | 2013 | 23919515 |
| bendiocarb resistance in anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from atacora department in benin, west africa: a threat for malaria vector control. | owing to pyrethroid resistance in an. gambiae, the carbamate and organophosphate insecticides are currently regarded as alternatives or supplements to pyrethroids for use on mosquito net treatments. resistance monitoring is therefore essential to investigate the susceptibility of an. gambiae s.l to these alternative products. | 2013 | 23803527 |
| insecticide resistance alleles affect vector competence of anopheles gambiae s.s. for plasmodium falciparum field isolates. | the widespread insecticide resistance raises concerns for vector control implementation and sustainability particularly for the control of the main vector of human malaria, anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. however, the extent to which insecticide resistance mechanisms interfere with the development of the malignant malaria parasite in its vector and their impact on overall malaria transmission remains unknown. we explore the impact of insecticide resistance on the outcome of plasmodium falciparu ... | 2013 | 23704944 |
| bioefficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets against pyrethroid-resistant populations of anopheles gambiae s.s. from different malaria transmission zones in uganda. | there are major concerns over sustaining the efficacy of current malaria vector control interventions given the rapid spread of resistance, particularly to pyrethroids. this study assessed the bioefficacy of five who-recommended long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) against pyrethroid-resistant anopheles gambiae field populations from uganda. | 2013 | 23634798 |
| high level of resistance in the mosquito anopheles gambiae to pyrethroid insecticides and reduced susceptibility to bendiocarb in north-western tanzania. | to control malaria in tanzania, two primary vector control interventions are being scaled up: long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs). the main threat to effective malaria control is the selection of insecticide resistance. while resistance to pyrethroids, the primary insecticide used for llins and irs, has been reported among mosquito vectors in only a few sites in tanzania, neighbouring east african countries are recording increasing levels of resistanc ... | 2013 | 23638757 |
| a preliminary investigation of the relationship between water quality and anopheles gambiae larval habitats in western cameroon. | water quality and anopheline habitat have received increasing attention due to the possibility that challenges during larval life may translate into adult susceptibility to malaria parasite infection and/or insecticide resistance. | 2013 | 23819866 |
| a shift from indoor residual spraying (irs) with bendiocarb to long-lasting insecticidal (mosquito) nets (llins) associated with changes in malaria transmission indicators in pyrethroid resistance areas in benin. | indoor residual spraying (irs) was implemented in the department of ouémé-plateau, southern benin, in 2008 and withdrawn in 2011, when long lasting insecticidal nets (llins) were distributed to the communities that were previously targeted by irs. did the llin strategy provide a better level of protection against malaria transmission than irs? | 2013 | 23497708 |
| application of a reverse dot blot dna-dna hydridization method to quantify host-feeding tendencies of two sibling species in the anopheles gambiae complex. | a dna-dna hybridization method, reverse dot blot analysis (rdba), was used to identify anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) hosts. of 299 blood-fed and semi-gravid an. gambiae s.l. collected from kisian, kenya, 244 individuals were identifiable to species; of these, 69.5% were an. arabiensis and 29.5% were an. gambiae s.s. host identifications with rdba were comparable with those of conventional polymerase chain reaction (pcr) followed by direct sequencing of ampl ... | 2013 | 24188164 |
| a dynamic model of some malaria-transmitting anopheline mosquitoes of the afrotropical region. ii. validation of species distribution and seasonal variations. | the first part of this study aimed to develop a model for anopheles gambiae s.l. with separate parametrization schemes for anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles arabiensis. the characterizations were constructed based on literature from the past decades. this part of the study is focusing on the model's ability to separate the mean state of the two species of the an. gambiae complex in africa. the model is also evaluated with respect to capturing the temporal variability of an. arabiensis in ethi ... | 2013 | 23442727 |
| multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms in anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from cameroon, central africa. | increasing incidence of ddt and pyrethroid resistance in anopheles mosquitoes is seen as a limiting factor for malaria vector control. the current study aimed at an in-depth characterization of an. gambiae s.l. resistance to insecticides in cameroon, in order to guide malaria vector control interventions. | 2013 | 23433176 |
| first report of the l1014s kdr mutation in wild populations of anopheles gambiae m and s molecular forms in burkina faso (west africa). | we investigated the occurrence of the l1014f and l1014s kdr mutations in malaria vector populations in burkina faso (west africa). a cross-sectional survey was conducted at 10 sites all located in cotton cultivation areas which are assumed to be the major insecticide resistance selection foci in burkina faso. the hot ligation method was used to detect the two kdr mutations in field collected anopheles gambiae s.l. samples. for the first time in burkina faso the l1014s mutation was identified in ... | 2013 | 23128044 |
| assortative mating in mixed swarms of the mosquito anopheles gambiae s.s. m and s molecular forms, in burkina faso, west africa. | the molecular form composition of anopheles gambiae giles s.s. (diptera: culicidae) mating swarms and the associated mating pairs (copulae) were investigated during two rainy seasons (july to october, 2005 and july to november, 2006) in the villages of soumousso and vallée du kou (vk7). although the habitats of these villages differ markedly, sympatric populations of m and s molecular forms of an. gambiae s.s. occur in both places periodically. the main aim was to assess the degree to which thes ... | 2013 | 23360106 |
| larval density dependence in anopheles gambiae s.s., the major african vector of malaria. | anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is the most important vector of malaria in africa although relatively little is known about the density-dependent processes determining its population size. mosquito larval density was manipulated under semi-natural conditions using artificial larval breeding sites placed in the field in coastal kenya; two experiments were conducted: one manipulating the density of a single cohort of larvae across a range of densities and the other employing fewer densities but wi ... | 2013 | 23163565 |
| field efficacy and acceptability of permanet® 3.0 and olysetnet® in kinshasa, democratic republic of the congo. | insecticide resistance in mosquitoes at kinshasa may jeopardize the efficacy and usage of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins). entomological impact, user acceptance and bioefficacy of a combination llin (permanet® 3.0) and a standard llin (olysetnet®) were evaluated at two sites in kinshasa characterized by high densities of either anopheles gambiae s.s. (kindele) or culex spp (kimbangu). | 2013 | 24220080 |
| immature development of the malaria vector mosquito, anopheles gambiae s.l. (diptera: culicidae), in relation to soil-substrate organic matter content of larval habitats in northcentral nigeria. | this study elucidated the relationships between larval habitat soil-substrate organic matter content (omc) and immature development of the mosquito anopheles gambiae s.l. day-old larvae of the mosquito were reared in media substrated with typical soil samples (i.e., sandy, silt, clayey and loamy soils), from established anopheline breeding sites, to provide a gradient in soil-substrate omc. the omc of the soil samples were determined by ignition to a constant weight; while the developing a. gamb ... | 2013 | 24171275 |
| malaria vector population dynamics in highland and lowland regions of western kenya. | malaria is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-saharan africa. a child below five years dies after every 30 min. highland areas under land use change impact on malaria transmission by altering the microclimate of the immature stages and adult mosquitoes. adult vector population dynamics is important because it is an indicator of transmission risk of the disease. this study was to investigate the effects of microclimatic changes on the mosquito indoor-resting behavior. | 2013 | 23995309 |
| effects of larval density and feeding rates on larval life history traits in anopheles gambiae s.s. (diptera: culicidae). | mosquito larval habitat determines the fitness, survivorship, fecundity, and vector capacity of emerging adults. we manipulated larval density and food provisioning in the laboratory to determine their effects on a number of life history parameters of anopheles gambiae. larval mortality was positively correlated with larval density. in addition, increased density skewed sex ratios that favored females. | 2013 | 23701616 |
| comparison of the effects of extracts from three vitex plant species on anopheles gambiae s.s. (diptera: culicidae) larvae. | acetone and methanol extracts of different parts of three vitex species (leaves and stem bark of vitex trifolia, leaves, stem bark and root bark of vitex schiliebenii and stem and root bark of vitex payos) were evaluated for their potential to control anopheles gambiae giles s.s. larvae (diptera: culicidae). the extracts gave different levels and rate of mortality of the larvae. some (methanol extract of v. trifolia leaves, acetone extracts of stem bark and leaves of v. schiliebenii, acetone ext ... | 2013 | 23688936 |
| molecular characterization of the carbon dioxide receptor in the oriental latrine fly, chrysomya megacephala (diptera: calliphoridae). | the blowfly chrysomya megacephala (fabricius) (diptera: calliphoridae) cannot only act as a mechanical vector of various pathogens, but also infest man and animals causing human health problems and economic losses in the livestock and fish industries. as in other insects, olfaction of this species plays an important role in host location and is presumably mediated via transmembrane receptor signaling pathways. here, we isolate and characterize cmeggr1 and cmeggr2, two new members of the chemosen ... | 2013 | 23604565 |
| effects of age and size on anopheles gambiae s.s. male mosquito mating success. | before the release of genetically-modified or sterile male mosquitoes in an attempt to control local populations of malaria vectors, it is crucial to determine male traits involved in mating success. the effects of male size and age as determinants of male mating success in anopheles gambiae s.s. were measured in the field and under laboratory conditions in burkina faso. first, the body sizes (estimated by wing length) of mating, swarming, and indoor-resting male mosquitoes were compared over a ... | 2013 | 23540115 |
| distribution and spread of pyrethroid and ddt resistance among the anopheles gambiae complex in tanzania. | the development of insecticide resistance is a threat to the control of malaria in africa. we report the findings of a national survey carried out in tanzania in 2011 to monitor the susceptibility of malaria vectors to pyrethroid, organophosphate, carbamate and ddt insecticides, and compare these findings with those identified in 2004 and 2010. standard world health organization (who) methods were used to detect knock-down and mortality rates in wild female anopheles gambiae s.l. (diptera: culic ... | 2014 | 24192019 |
| optimizing collection of anopheles gambiae s.s. (diptera: culicidae) in biogents sentinel traps. | surveillance of malaria vectors in africa is most often accomplished using cdc-type light traps or human landing catches (hlcs). over the past 30 yr, a variety of commercial and experimental mosquito traps have been developed for residential mosquito control or for improved surveillance of disease vector species, including the bg sentinel (bgs) trap. to optimize collection of anopheles gambiae giles using this trap, bgs traps were modified with an opening (vent) added to the trap base to decreas ... | 2014 | 26309317 |
| impact of long-lasting, insecticidal nets on anaemia and prevalence of plasmodium falciparum among children under five years in areas with highly resistant malaria vectors. | the widespread use of insecticide-treated nets (llins) leads to the development of vector resistance to insecticide. this resistance can reduce the effectiveness of llin-based interventions and perhaps reverse progress in reducing malaria morbidity. to prevent such difficulty, it is important to know the real impact of resistance in the effectiveness of mosquito nets. therefore, an assessment of llin efficacy was conducted in malaria prevention among children in high and low resistance areas. | 2014 | 24581394 |
| development and assessment of plant-based synthetic odor baits for surveillance and control of malaria vectors. | recent malaria vector control measures have considerably reduced indoor biting mosquito populations. however, reducing the outdoor biting populations remains a challenge because of the unavailability of appropriate lures to achieve this. this study sought to test the efficacy of plant-based synthetic odor baits in trapping outdoor populations of malaria vectors. | 2014 | 24587059 |
| impacts of insecticide treated bed nets on anopheles gambiae s.l. populations in mbita district and suba district, western kenya. | abundance and species composition of sympatric malaria vector species are the important factors governing transmission intensity. a widespread insecticidal bed net coverage may replace endophagic species with exophagic species. however, unique local environments also influence a vector population. this study examined the impacts of insecticidal bed nets on an. gambiae s.l populations in mbita district and suba district. | 2014 | 24517160 |
| good performances but short lasting efficacy of actellic 50 ec indoor residual spraying (irs) on malaria transmission in benin, west africa. | the national malaria control program (nmcp) has been using pirimiphos methyl for the first time for indoor residual spraying (irs) in benin. the first round was a success with a significant decrease of entomological indicators of malaria transmission in the treated districts. we present the results of the entomological impact on malaria transmission. entomologic parameters in the control area were compared with those in intervention sites. | 2014 | 24886499 |
| evaluation of the influence of electric nets on the behaviour of oviposition site seeking anopheles gambiae s.s. | electric nets (e-nets) are used to analyse the flight behaviour of insects and have been used extensively to study the host-oriented flight of tsetse flies. recently we adapted this tool to analyse the oviposition behaviour of gravid malaria vectors, anopheles gambiae s.s., orienting towards aquatic habitats and traps by surrounding an artificial pond with e-nets and collecting electrocuted mosquitoes on sticky boards on the ground next to the nets. here we study whether e-nets themselves affect ... | 2014 | 24948354 |
| plasmodium falciparum infection increases anopheles gambiae attraction to nectar sources and sugar uptake. | plasmodium parasites are known to manipulate the behavior of their vectors so as to enhance transmission. from an evolutionary standpoint, behavior manipulation by the parasite should expose the vector to limited risk of early mortality while ensuring sufficient energy supply for both it and the vector. however, it is unknown whether this vector manipulation also affects vector-plant interaction and sugar uptake. here, we show that the attraction of anopheles gambiae s.s. to plant odors increase ... | 2014 | 24412210 |
| co-occurrence and distribution of east (l1014s) and west (l1014f) african knock-down resistance in anopheles gambiae sensu lato population of tanzania. | insecticide resistance molecular markers can provide sensitive indicators of resistance development in anopheles vector populations. assaying these makers is of paramount importance in the resistance monitoring programme. we investigated the presence and distribution of knock-down resistance (kdr) mutations in anopheles gambiae s.l. in tanzania. | 2014 | 24386946 |
| modeling the seasonality of anopheles gambiae s.s. biting rates in a south benin sanitary zone. | efficient malaria vector control requires knowledge of spatio-temporal vector dynamics. we have classified village groups according to the biting rate profiles of both anopheles coluzzii and an. gambiae, the major malaria vectors in these villages. | 2014 | 24578284 |
| metabolomic and ecdysteroid variations in anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes exposed to the stressful conditions of the dry season in burkina faso, west africa. | this study explored the metabolic adjustments prompted by a switch between the rainy and dry season conditions in the african malaria mosquitoes anopheles gambiae (m and s molecular forms) and anopheles arabiensis. mosquitoes were reared in contrasted experimental conditions reflecting environmental variation in burkina faso. thirty-five metabolites (including sugars, polyols, and amino acids) were monitored in newly emerged males and females, and their ecdysteroid titers were determined. metabo ... | 2014 | 24769712 |
| insecticidal activities of bark, leaf and seed extracts of zanthoxylum heitzii against the african malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | the olon tree, zanthoxylum heitzii (syn. fagara heitzii) is commonly found in the central-west african forests. in the republic of congo (congo-brazzaville) its bark is anecdotally reported to provide human protection against fleas. here we assess the insecticidal activities of z. heitzii stem bark, seed and leaf extracts against anopheles gambiae s.s, the main malaria vector in africa. extracts were obtained by accelerated solvent extraction (ase) using solvents of different polarity and by cla ... | 2014 | 25525826 |
| ecological succession and its impact on malaria vectors and their predators in borrow pits in western ethiopia. | soil pits excavated for home construction are important larval habitats for malaria vectors in certain parts of africa. borrow pits in diverse stages of ecological succession in a maize-farming region of western ethiopia were surveyed to assess the relationships between stage of succession and the structure and composition of invertebrate and plant communities, with particular attention to anopheles gambiae s.l. and an. coustani, the primary local malaria vectors. an array of 82 borrow pits was ... | 2014 | 25424271 |
| increased tolerance of anopheles gambiae s.s. to chemical insecticides after exposure to agrochemical mixture. | resistance of mosquitoes to insecticides is mainly attributed to their adaptation to insecticide-based vector control interventions. although pesticides used in agriculture have been frequently mentioned as an additional force driving the selection of resistance, only a few studies were dedicated to validate this hypothesis. the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of exposure of the malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae s.s. larvae for 72h to sub-lethal concentrations of the agro ... | 2014 | 26891523 |
| toxicity of pirimiphos methyl (actellic 25ec) on anopheles gambiae s.s., culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae), and potential biocontrol agent, poecilia reticulata (pisces: poeciliidae). | the toxicity of an emulsifiable formulation of pirimiphos methyl (actellic 25ec) on anopheles gambiae s.s. giles, culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae), and predator fish poecilia reticulata peters (pisces: poeciliidae) was investigated. acute toxicity tests were carried out to determine the effect of the larvicide on mosquito larvae and fish species. to investigate the nontarget effects on p. reticulata, fish of similar size (3.5 +/- 0.2 cm) were randomly selected and exposed for 28 d ... | 2014 | 25195433 |
| efficacy of various insecticides recommended for indoor residual spraying: pirimiphos methyl, potential alternative to bendiocarb for pyrethroid resistance management in benin, west africa. | using the same insecticide for multiple successive indoor residual spraying (irs) cycles is not recommended; instead, the national malaria control program (nmcp) has decided to select another insecticide (insecticide b) in addition to bendiocarb for indoor residual spraying. | 2014 | 24463582 |
| laboratory evaluation of fendona 6sc treated bednets and interceptor long-lasting nets against anopheles gambiae s.l. in burkina faso. | insecticide-treated bednets play a cornerstone role in the efforts to control malaria. bednets entomological efficacy is the determinant factor of their use to control malaria. in this study, we compared under laboratory conditions, the efficacy of two long-lasting nets (permanet versus interceptor) and two treatments kits k-o tab (deltamethrin) versus fendona 6sc (alpha-cypermethrin) against anopheles gambiae s.l. malaria vectors. the efficacy of washed and unwashed bednets was assessed by cont ... | 2014 | 24425451 |
| swarming behaviour in natural populations of anopheles gambiae and an. coluzzii: review of 4 years survey in rural areas of sympatry, burkina faso (west africa). | the swarming behaviour of natural populations of anopheles gambiae and an. coluzzii (formerly known as an. gambiae s and m forms, respectively) were investigated through longitudinal surveys conducted between july 2006 and october 2009 in two rural areas of south-western burkina faso where these forms are sympatric. in both sites, the majority of swarms were recorded above visual markers localised among houses. in soumousso, a wooded area of savannah, 108 pairs caught in copula from 205 swarms w ... | 2014 | 24370676 |
| effect of three larval diets on larval development and male sexual performance of anopheles gambiae s.s. | population replacement/elimination strategies based on mass-release of sterile or otherwise genetically modified (male) mosquitoes are being considered in order to expand the malaria vector control arsenal on the way to eradication. a challenge in this context, is to produce male mosquitoes that will be able to compete and mate with wild females more efficiently than their wild counterparts, i.e. high fitness males. this study explored the effect of three larval food diets developed by the inter ... | 2014 | 24291460 |
| chemical composition and mosquito repellency of essential oil of conyza newii propagated in different geographical locations of kenya. | previously, essential oil of conyza newii (asterale: asteracea, oliv. & hiern) growing in the northern part of west pokot (35°e, 1°n) of kenya was shown to be highly repellent [rd50 = 8.9 × 10(-5) mg/cm(2) , 95% confidence interval (cl)] to anopheles gambiae s.s. fumigant toxicity of the oil to the mosquito was also demonstrated. the major constituents of the oil were found to be monoterpenoids, including (s)-(-)-perillyl alcohol, (s)-(-)-perillaldehyde, geraniol, (r)-(+)-limonene, trans-β-ocime ... | 2014 | 24266583 |
| temperature during larval development and adult maintenance influences the survival of anopheles gambiae s.s. | malaria transmission depends on vector life-history parameters and population dynamics, and particularly on the survival of adult anopheles mosquitoes. these dynamics are sensitive to climatic and environmental factors, and temperature is a particularly important driver. data currently exist on the influence of constant and fluctuating adult environmental temperature on adult anopheles gambiae s.s. survival and on the effect of larval environmental temperature on larval survival, but none on how ... | 2014 | 25367091 |
| trends in the selection of insecticide resistance in anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes in northwest tanzania during a community randomized trial of longlasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying. | anopheles gambiae s.l. (diptera: culicidae) in muleba, tanzania has developed high levels of resistance to most insecticides currently advocated for malaria control. the kdr mutation has almost reached fixation in an. gambiae s.s. in muleba. this change has the potential to jeopardize malaria control interventions carried out in the region. trends in insecticide resistance were monitored in two intervention villages using world health organization (who) susceptibility test kits. additional mecha ... | 2014 | 25537754 |
| evidence of multiple mechanisms providing carbamate and organophosphate resistance in field an. gambiae population from atacora in benin. | insecticide resistance in anopheles gambiae s.l is a major concern to malaria vector control programmes. in west africa, resistance is mainly due to target-site insensitivity arising from a single point mutation. metabolic-based resistance mechanisms have also been implicated and are currently being investigated in west africa. the aim of this study is to better understand the origins of carbamate and organophosphate resistance in an. gambiae population from atacora, benin in west africa. | 2014 | 25443399 |
| islands and stepping-stones: comparative population structure of anopheles gambiae sensu stricto and anopheles arabiensis in tanzania and implications for the spread of insecticide resistance. | population genetic structures of the two major malaria vectors anopheles gambiae s.s. and an. arabiensis, differ markedly across sub-saharan africa, which could reflect differences in historical demographies or in contemporary gene flow. elucidation of the degree and cause of population structure is important for predicting the spread of genetic traits such as insecticide resistance genes or artificially engineered genes. here the population genetics of an. gambiae s.s. and an. arabiensis in the ... | 2014 | 25353688 |
| performance of five food regimes on anopheles gambiae senso stricto larval rearing to adult emergence in insectary. | rearing of anopheles gambiae s.s mosquitoes in insectary with quality cheap food sources is of paramount importance for better and healthy colony. this study evaluated larval survival and the development rate of aquatic stages of an.gambiae s.s under five food regimes; tetramin fish food (a standard insectary larval food), maize pollen, cerelac, green filamentous algae and dry powdered filamentous algae. | 2014 | 25340408 |
| a low-cost mesocosm for the study of behaviour and reproductive potential in afrotropical mosquito (diptera: culicidae) vectors of malaria. | a large-scale mesocosm was constructed and tested for its effectiveness for use in experiments on behaviour, reproduction and adult survivorship in the afrotropical malaria vector anopheles gambiae s.s. giles (diptera: culicidae) in temperate climates. the large space (82.69 m(3) ) allowed for semi-natural experiments that increased demand on a mosquito's energetic reserves in an environment of widely distributed resources. a one-piece prefabricated enclosure, made with white netting and vinyl, ... | 2014 | 25294339 |
| insecticide resistance in anopheles arabiensis in sudan: temporal trends and underlying mechanisms. | malaria vector control in sudan relies mainly on indoor residual spraying (irs) and the use of long lasting insecticide treated bed nets (llins). monitoring insecticide resistance in the main sudanese malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis, is essential for planning and implementing an effective vector control program in this country. | 2014 | 24886129 |
| zoom in at african country level: potential climate induced changes in areas of suitability for survival of malaria vectors. | predicting anopheles vectors' population densities and boundary shifts is crucial in preparing for malaria risks and unanticipated outbreaks. although shifts in the distribution and boundaries of the major malaria vectors (anopheles gambiae s.s. and an. arabiensis) across africa have been predicted, quantified areas of absolute change in zone of suitability for their survival have not been defined. in this study, we have quantified areas of absolute change conducive for the establishment and sur ... | 2014 | 24885061 |
| larvicidal effect of disinfectant soap on anopheles gambiae s.s (diptera: culicidae) in laboratory and semifield environs. | mosquito larval control using chemicals and biological agents is of paramount importance in vector population and disease incidence reduction. a commercial synthetic disinfectant soap was evaluated against larvae of anopheles gambiae s.s. in both laboratory and semi field conditions. | 2014 | 24885903 |
| activity of cinnamomum osmophloeum leaf essential oil against anopheles gambiae s.s. | the increasing status of insecticide resistant mosquitoes in sub-saharan africa is a threatening alert to the existing control efforts. all sibling species of an. gambiae complex have evolved insecticide resistance in wild populations for different approved classes of the insecticides currently in use in the field. an alternative compound for vector control is absolutely urgently needed. in this study, the larvicidal activity and chemical composition of the cinnamomum osmophloeum leaf essential ... | 2014 | 24885613 |
| reduced hatchability of anopheles gambiae s.s eggs in presence of third instar larvae. | we investigated the hatchability rates of freshly laid anopheles gambiae s.s. eggs in presence of third instars larvae. these experiments were conducted using 30 eggs in larval densities of 20, 60 and 100 larvae in microcosms. these experiments were designed to evaluate the eggs hatchability in habitats with late larvae instars of the same species (experimental) or no larvae at all (control). freshly laid eggs of an.gambiae s.s. were washed in microcosms containing larvae of third instars in dif ... | 2014 | 24725618 |
| estimating the annual entomological inoculation rate for plasmodium falciparum transmitted by anopheles gambiae s.l. using three sampling methods in three sites in uganda. | the plasmodium falciparum entomological inoculation rate (pfeir) is a measure of exposure to infectious mosquitoes. it is usually interpreted as the number of p. falciparum infective bites received by an individual during a season or annually (apfeir). in an area of perennial transmission, the accuracy, precision and seasonal distribution (i.e., month by month) of apfeir were investigated. data were drawn from three sites in uganda with differing levels of transmission where falciparum malaria i ... | 2014 | 24656206 |
| toxicity of six plant extracts and two pyridone alkaloids from ricinus communis against the malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | the african malaria vector, anopheles gambiae s.s., is known to feed selectively on certain plants for sugar sources. however, the adaptive significance of this behaviour especially on how the extracts of such plants impact on the fitness of this vector has not been explored. this study determined the toxicity and larvicidal activity on this vector of extracts from six selected plants found in kenya and two compounds identified from ricinus communis: 3-carbonitrile-4-methoxy-n-methyl-2-pyridone ... | 2014 | 24996560 |
| a small-scale field trial of pyriproxyfen-impregnated bed nets against pyrethroid-resistant anopheles gambiae s.s. in western kenya. | pyrethroid resistance is becoming a major problem for vector control programs, because at present, there are few suitable chemical substitutes for pyrethroids, as when used on bed nets the insecticide must have low mammalian toxicity as well as high activity to mosquitoes. pyriproxyfen (ppf) is one of the most active chemicals among the juvenile hormone mimic (jhm) group. sterilizing mosquitoes by using ppf could be a potential control measure for pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors. we investi ... | 2014 | 25333785 |
| ovipositional behavior of anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. | mosquito eggs laid within two hours are necessary for transgenic (injection) studies, because mosquito eggs become hard after that period. thus, in order to have eggs available within this two-hour window, it is important to understand the ovipositional behavior of anopheles gambiae s.s.. in the present study, the ovipositional behavior of an. gambiae s.s. (kisumu) was investigated in several different conditions: age of mosquitoes, time post blood meal to access oviposition substrate, and light ... | 2014 | 25589884 |
| experimental hut evaluation of linalool spatial repellent agar gel against anopheles gambiae sensu stricto mosquitoes in a semi-field system in bagamoyo, tanzania. | malaria vector control is in need of new tools to face its current challenges such as the spread of pyrethroid-resistance and the increase of outdoor feeding mosquitoes. new strategies such as spatial repellents need to be evaluated as supplemental tools to existing control measures such as insecticide treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying. linalool is a naturally occurring terpene alcohol commonly found in flowers and spices with reportedly repellent properties. | 2014 | 25477012 |
| preventive effect of permethrin-impregnated long-lasting insecticidal nets on the blood feeding of three major pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors in western kenya. | since the world health organization (who) adopted the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) as a principal strategy for effective malaria prevention and control, pyrethroids have been the only class of insecticides used for llins. the dramatic success of insecticide-treated nets (itns) and llins in african countries, however, has been threatened by the rapid development of pyrethroid resistance in vector mosquitoes. itns and llins are still used as effective self-protection measures, but ... | 2014 | 25141947 |
| underpinning sustainable vector control through informed insecticide resistance management. | there has been rapid scale-up of malaria vector control in the last ten years. both of the primary control strategies, long-lasting pyrethroid treated nets and indoor residual spraying, rely on the use of a limited number of insecticides. insecticide resistance, as measured by bioassay, has rapidly increased in prevalence and has come to the forefront as an issue that needs to be addressed to maintain the sustainability of malaria control and the drive to elimination. zambia's programme reported ... | 2014 | 24932861 |
| ecophysiology of anopheles gambiae s.l.: persistence in the sahel. | the dry-season biology of malaria vectors is poorly understood, especially in arid environments when no surface waters are available for several months, such as during the dry season in the sahel. here we reappraise results on the dry-season physiology of members of the anopheles gambiae s.l. complex in the broad context of dormancy in insects and especially in mosquitoes. we examine evidence on seasonal changes in reproduction, metabolism, stress tolerance, nutrition, molecular regulation, and ... | 2014 | 24933461 |
| reemergence of anopheles funestus as a vector of plasmodium falciparum in western kenya after long-term implementation of insecticide-treated bed nets. | historically, the malaria vectors in western kenya have been anopheles funestus, anopheles gambiae s.s., and anopheles arabiensis. of these species, an. funestus populations declined the most after the introduction of insecticide-treated bed nets (itns) in the 1990s in asembo, and collections of an. funestus in the region remained low until at least 2008. contrary to findings during the early years of itn use in asembo, the majority of the anopheles collected here in 2010 and 2011 were an. funes ... | 2014 | 24470562 |
| transmission patterns of plasmodium falciparum by anopheles gambiae in benin. | to better control malaria, the clear and urgent need is for improved data to inform decision makers, but in several african countries, there is a lack of baseline data on vectors and variation in the intensity of malaria transmission. this has resulted in the implementation of vector control efforts that ignore variation in vector behaviour and intensity of transmission, an approach that is most often not cost-effective. this study presents a detailed entomological description of mosquito distri ... | 2014 | 25412948 |
| evidence for perennial malaria in rural and urban areas under the sudanian climate of kandi, northeastern benin. | in arid settings, droughts usually lead to periods of very low or no malaria transmission. however, in rural kandi (sonsoro) in northeastern benin, several malaria cases are often diagnosed during dry seasons. the underlying factors accounting for this phenomenon remain unknown. | 2014 | 24564957 |
| plasmodium falciparum infection rates for some anopheles spp. from guinea-bissau, west africa. | presence of plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (csp) was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in a sample of anopheles gambiae s.s., a. melas and a. pharoensis collected in guinea-bissau during october and november 2009. the percentage of p. falciparum infected samples (10.2% overall; confidence interval (ci): 7.45-13.6%) was comparable to earlier studies from other sites in guinea-bissau (9.6-12.4%). the majority of the specimens collected were identified as a. gamb ... | 2014 | 25383188 |
| effects of the kdr resistance mutation on the susceptibility of wild anopheles gambiae populations to plasmodium falciparum: a hindrance for vector control. | in the context of generalization of insecticide resistance, the hypothesis that insecticide resistance has a positive impact on the capacity of mosquitoes to transmit malaria constitutes a hindrance for malaria elimination. the aim of this study was to investigated populations of anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae s molecular form to assess whether different genotypes at the kdr locus are responsible for different susceptibility to plasmodium falciparum infection. | 2014 | 25176292 |
| exposure to disinfectants (soap or hydrogen peroxide) increases tolerance to permethrin in anopheles gambiae populations from the city of yaoundé, cameroon. | the rapid expansion of insecticide resistance is limiting the efficiency of malaria vector control interventions. however, current knowledge of factors inducing pyrethroid resistance remains incomplete. in the present study, the role of selection at the larval stage by disinfectants, such as soap and hydrogen peroxide (h2o2), on adult mosquito resistance to permethrin was investigated. | 2014 | 25086741 |
| distribution and frequency of kdr mutations within anopheles gambiae s.l. populations and first report of the ace.1 g119s mutation in anopheles arabiensis from burkina faso (west africa). | an entomological survey was carried out at 15 sites dispersed throughout the three eco-climatic regions of burkina faso (west africa) in order to assess the current distribution and frequency of mutations that confer resistance to insecticides in an. gambiae s.l. populations in the country. both knockdown (kdr) resistance mutation variants (l1014f and l1014s), that confer resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, were identified concomitant with the ace-1 g119s mutation confirming the presence of m ... | 2014 | 25077792 |
| impact of permanet 3.0 on entomological indices in an area of pyrethroid resistant anopheles gambiae in south-western nigeria. | permanet® 3.0 is an insecticide synergist-combination long-lasting insecticidal net designed to have increased efficacy against malaria vectors with metabolic resistance, even when combined with kdr. the current study reports on the impact of this improved tool on entomological indices in an area with pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors in nigeria. | 2014 | 24886399 |
| increasing role of anopheles funestus and anopheles arabiensis in malaria transmission in the kilombero valley, tanzania. | in order to sustain the gains achieved by current malaria control strategies, robust surveillance systems that monitor dynamics of vectors and their roles in malaria transmission over time are essential. this longitudinal study demonstrates the trends in malaria vector dynamics and their relative contribution to malaria transmission in hyperendemic transmission settings in tanzania. | 2014 | 25150840 |
| genomic analyses of three malaria vectors reveals extensive shared polymorphism but contrasting population histories. | anopheles gambiae s.l. are important malaria vectors, but little is known about their genomic variation in the wild. here, we present inter- and intraspecies analysis of genome-wide radseq data, in three anopheles gambiae s.l. species collected from east africa. the mosquitoes fall into three genotypic clusters representing described species (a. gambiae, a. arabiensis, and a. merus) with no evidence of cryptic breeding units. anopheles merus is the most divergent of the three species, supporting ... | 2014 | 24408911 |